WO2015086766A1 - Objet possédant au moins une surface dotée d'une caractéristique de sécurité - Google Patents

Objet possédant au moins une surface dotée d'une caractéristique de sécurité Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015086766A1
WO2015086766A1 PCT/EP2014/077430 EP2014077430W WO2015086766A1 WO 2015086766 A1 WO2015086766 A1 WO 2015086766A1 EP 2014077430 W EP2014077430 W EP 2014077430W WO 2015086766 A1 WO2015086766 A1 WO 2015086766A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
color
article according
colors
article
difference
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/077430
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Oliver Weiss
Original Assignee
Schreiner Group Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schreiner Group Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Schreiner Group Gmbh & Co. Kg
Publication of WO2015086766A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015086766A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B42D2033/20—
    • B42D2035/24—

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an article having at least one surface having a security feature.
  • the article may be any technical product or container that is provided with one or more security features.
  • the surface provided with the security feature can be, for example, an outer surface of the marked object, for example a housing surface or housing wall or another accessible area on the object or container.
  • the article may also be a label which serves to identify other objects, products, containers or devices and is attachable or otherwise attachable to them.
  • the surface having the security feature preferably forms the inscribed or inscribable outside of a label or adhesive label.
  • the article having the surface provided with the security feature may further be a document or other sheet of paper or paperboard, or a film, especially a plastic film. Such and other materials may also be associated with a tag provided with the security feature.
  • the safety feature provided on the surface of the label, container, product or other article, as embodied according to the invention in a special way, can be used, for example, to prove the authenticity or actual origin of the article from the specified manufacturer or supplier and thus an original product of to differentiate between a forgery and a plagiarism.
  • the provided with the security feature surface is preferably colored, ie neither white nor completely black.
  • the surface therefore leaves the viewer with a color impression, which manifests itself in the form of a perceived brightness, a perceived hue and in the form of a (more or less conscious) perceived color saturation.
  • the surface of the label or the other object at least partially monochrome designed, ie it appears (at least when viewed from a normal working distance and without magnifying glasses or other technical aids) for the user in a uniform base color.
  • parts of the surface of the label or of the other article may of course also be colored differently. rich, especially labels, which stand out clearly in color from the background or from their surrounding area, so that they are easy to read.
  • Metamerism in this sense means that at least in normal light (in particular daylight) provided with the fluorescent or phosphorescent material surface area color lent not borrowed and thus leaves the same color impression as the surrounding areas of this security feature provided surface.
  • Such a security feature based on luminescence exploits the so-called illumination metamerism; Changing lighting makes it possible to visualize a safety feature which under normal circumstances, especially under normal lighting such as daylight or artificial light, is imperceptible.
  • the detection of such a luminescence-based security feature is easily possible with the aid of special UV light sources, it requires that UV lamps be carried and used for this purpose.
  • the normal consumer who normally does not carry such aids will not be able to identify such a security feature, even if he or she is aware of the nature of that security feature and its location on the item.
  • the object described here is provided with a security feature whose coloration is chosen in comparison to the surrounding area of the surface such that it depends on the viewing direction of the observer whether the security feature is perceptible to him or not.
  • the color perception of the retina of the human eye is different in the area corresponding to the viewing direction than in retinal areas at larger angles relative to the viewing direction.
  • the color perception of the human eye in direct proximity to the viewing direction is determined by the nature of the retina in the area of the fovea or the yellow spot; this is the area of the retina upon which the axis of the line of sight (ie, the straight line along which the eye is looking straight and which crosses the pupil as a perpendicular bisector), when extended from the pupil back to the retina.
  • This retina region which is arranged near the axis of the axis or approximately directly around the visual axis and which extends around the instantaneous line of sight or visual axis within small angles of up to ⁇ 2 °, is the one of the greatest visual acuity, at least in the healthy eye. It lies in the region of the retina furthest from the pupil; the connecting line between the center of the pupil and the central, near-axis retinal area therefore traverses the center of the eyeball.
  • the region of the retina which is close to the axis or arranged directly around the visual axis is occupied only by the cone-shaped visual cells responsible for color perception.
  • Retinal areas located at larger angles to the viewing direction (ie further away from the axis of the viewing direction) also contain rod-shaped visual cells; where the ratio of the concentrations of the three types of cone-shaped cells is different than in the line of sight.
  • one and the same color can which is reflected from the surface of an object towards the eye, leaving a slightly different color impression in the outer visual field of the human eye (eg for the 10 ° normal observer) than in the viewing direction (ie for the 2 ° normal observer).
  • This effect in conjunction with the further circumstance that it is possible in principle to produce a certain color impression perceived by the human eye through different types of dyes and their mixing ratios, makes use of the first embodiment.
  • color layers ie dyes or pigments, which are arranged as opaque, opaque additives or colorant on or in the surface of an article and determine the color impression of the light reflected by the article.
  • the surface has a mixture or combination of two, three or more dyes or color pigments whose mixing ratio or their weighting of their surface portions (at a sufficiently large viewing distance to a point grid printing on the other side of the resolution of the human eye) gives the color impression, which arises on the respective part of the retina.
  • the motif serving as a security feature is designed in a color which approximately matches the color of the surrounding surface of the object, but has such a color difference, in particular a color difference, to the color of the surrounding surface which is either only along the line of sight of the object Observer (within the angular range of ⁇ 2 °) or only out of sight (for example, outside the angular range of ⁇ 2 °, approximately in the angular range of 2 ° to 10 ° or outside the angular range of ⁇ 10 °) is perceptible.
  • a second embodiment is exploited in the color of the security feature compared to its surrounding area, the fact that digital image sensor chips, as installed in commercially available cameras, cell phones, video cameras, smart phones and other entrained in everyday electronics, one relative to each other uniform, but different from the human eye color sensitivity course (over the spectrum of visible wavelengths between 380 and 780 nm) have.
  • the cameras and mobile phones etc. are supposed to simulate the color perception of the eye, on closer inspection typical differences between the color sensitivity of the human eye and the course of the color sensitivity of a digital image sensor, ie the technically simulated color perception are detectable.
  • the color of the color fields designed as security feature (lettering or other motif) and the color of the surrounding surface area of the object surface are selected such that the light beam reflected by the subject and the light beam reflected from the surrounding surface area, when measured in a digital image sensor of a digital camera (including devices such as a cell phone or smartphone, etc.), two light bundles of different colors (slightly different brightness, slightly different hues and / or slightly different color saturation) are detected.
  • a digital image sensor detects the two light bundles as light bundles with a greater color difference ⁇ from one another than would correspond to the direct observation with the human eye.
  • FIG. 1 to 3 show some schematically illustrated embodiments of an object provided with a security feature
  • FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of the security feature on the surface of the article of FIGS. 1 to 3,
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic plan view of the surface of the object provided with the security feature
  • Figure 6 shows the standardized color sensitivity curves of the human eye under
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B show a schematic representation of the visual visual impression produced by a security feature in the human eye, designed in two colors of observer geometry.
  • FIG. 7C shows the reflection spectrum of two different dye mixtures as a function of the wavelength
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B show the reflection spectra of each of two exemplary dye mixtures which correspond to two colors of observer geometry
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B show the color difference between the respective two colors in FIGS
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B for the 2 ° observer and for the 10 ° observer
  • FIG. 10 a comparison of the spectral color sensitivity of digital image sensors on the one hand and the human eye on the other hand
  • FIGS. 11A and 11B are schematic representations of the respective image of the security feature
  • FIGS. 12A and 12B show the reflection spectra of two exemplary dye mixtures tuned to the color sensitivity of digital sensor chips such that when picked up with a sensor chip as a result of the evaluation by the sensor chip two
  • FIGS. 13A and 13B show the color difference between the two colors respectively obtained when recording with the digital camera and, if necessary, using a white light illumination source in the examples of FIGS. 12A and 12B,
  • FIG. 14 shows a typical emission spectrum of a white-light LED of a digital camera
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the security feature surface of the article.
  • FIG. 16 shows an alternative embodiment to FIG. 15 and FIG Figure 17 is a schematic representation of the recording and playback of the surface of the article by means of a digital camera.
  • Figures 1 to 3 show some exemplary, schematic embodiments of the object provided with the security feature.
  • the article 10 can, for example, as shown in Figure 1 in perspective view, be provided with a plurality of delimitable surfaces or outer surfaces object, such as a machine or other investment principle of any shape and size.
  • the article 10 can also be a housing 70 or container 80 or at least have a housing.
  • At least provided with the security feature 5 area of the surface 15 of the article 10 may for example consist of paper, cardboard, plastic, metal, ceramic or glass.
  • These or other materials may be present on the outer surface, particularly on the security feature surface 15, as an outer coating or alternatively as a bulk material.
  • On and / or in the respective material may be a color layer or lacquer layer, a color filter, a glaze or other coating that gives the object 10 on its outer surface or surface 15 its color.
  • the surface 15 of the article 10 (usually its outer surface, if necessary also also possible inner surfaces, insofar as these are accessible within the scope of conventional use of the article 15) comprises at least one Oberfiumbleen Scheme which is at least partially provided with the security feature 5.
  • the surface 15 may be formed, for example, as a rounded overall surface (for example, the outer surface of a cylinder, a pot or a bottle or other specially shaped body or housing) or, alternatively, a plurality of mutually delimitable partial surfaces (in particular multiple planes or curved partial surfaces of different orientation with identifiable edges be formed between them).
  • At least one Oberfiumbleen Scheme is at least partially provided with the security feature.
  • this surface area will be briefly referred to as surface 15; This can be flat or curved, for example.
  • the security feature described in this application is independent of the direction or orientation which the surface 15 or its surface normal in the area has the security feature 5 in relation to an observer or in relation to its viewing direction;
  • the orientation of the security feature itself does not matter here.
  • the security feature therefore differs from any security features in which minimal height variations of a print or otherwise freshlyflilte surface profiles are required to achieve such as by lateral rather than frontal view, a different visual impression.
  • no differently colored, depending on the viewing angle more or less unearthed height structures (such as in the high pressure or gravure printing of a printing) is required. Rather, the security feature of the article 10 is based on its specific, purpose-matched color scheme.
  • the article 10 may be instead of compact and solid (Figure 1) also sheet-shaped; it may for example be a sticker or label 20, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the label 20 is an adhesive label provided with an adhesive layer 19 on a side opposite the exposed outer surface 15.
  • the sheet-like or flat article 10 may also be a bill 30, another sheet 50 or another film, in particular a plastic film 40 or a seal or packaging part of paper, cardboard and / or plastic.
  • the security feature 5 is provided on at least one side, namely the surface 15, it is provided. It is preferably arranged on the outside of an underlying, layered or solid material, in particular printed thereon. However, the security feature 5 may also be incorporated in the layered or solid material of the surface 15.
  • the security feature can also be arranged below the outer surface 15, for example below an outermost layer whose surface 15 is exposed.
  • the security feature 5 may also be arranged below this transparent layer but be visible from outside through it.
  • the security feature 5 may, for example, be located between such an outer transparent layer and an underlying, layered or solid material, or may even be incorporated into or printed on the underlying layered or solid material itself. In the following, for the sake of brevity, no distinction is made between these possibilities. In all cases, the coloring of the security feature 5 described here on the surface 15 of the article 10 is selected so that it appears only under certain conditions.
  • FIG. 4 shows a section of the surface 15 of the article 10 (for example that of FIGS. 1 to 3) in the region of the security feature 5.
  • the security feature 5 consists, for example, of a motif 13 whose color is slightly offset from the color of the surrounding surface 14 under certain conditions ;
  • the color of the motif 13 is optionally observer geometry metreter to the color of the surrounding area 14 or in another embodiment metamer to the color of the surrounding area 14 with respect to the evaluation of the colors by the human eye on the one hand and the evaluation of the colors when using a digital camera on the other hand.
  • an increased color distance of the subject color to the color of the surrounding area 14 becomes clear, although the motif 13 is otherwise barely noticeable within the surrounding area 14.
  • the security feature described here can only be achieved by the coordinated color scheme and does not require further security features, although it can be combined with other security features.
  • a color difference from the surrounding area can only be detected as a function of the position of the intended surface area in comparison to the viewing direction of the observer or only with the aid of a digital camera.
  • the surface 15 in a first surface area 11, which at the same time forms the surrounding area 14 of the security feature 5, is designed in a first color 1, e.g. in the first color 1 printed or painted.
  • the color of the surface 15 in the area of the surrounding area 14, ie the first surface area 11 can certainly vary over the surface 15, as is the case regularly with color gradients on surfaces , clearly legible labels or other designs is the case. But at least in the vicinity of the security feature 5 or motif 13, the color of the first surface area 11 is uniform. If the color scheme is composed of different printing dots of a print or of other sub-areas in different colors that are the reference color of the first Oberfiumbleen Kunststoffs 11 or the intuitionfikiee 14 merge, at least the mixing ratio or the relative proportion of the printing inks, dyes or color pigments used there is uniform - at least in the vicinity of the security feature 5. This also applies to the second area 12, ie for the color - surfaces 6, which form the motif 13; wherein the color applied there (possibly by optical fusion of the color dots applied there at sufficiently large viewing distance) give the second color 2 instead of the first color 1.
  • the security feature 5 is, as shown in FIG. 4, a surface area of the surface 15 in which the surrounding area 14 of the first color 1 (ie the first surface area 11) and the motif 13 (ie the second surface area 12 or its color fields 6) of the second color 2 lie next to each other or meet each other. Where both colors 1, 2 collide, color boundaries 7 lie between them.
  • the color boundaries 7 form the contour of the motif 13, i. the outlines of the second surface area 12 and the color fields 6.
  • the color boundaries 7 are, however, due to the metamerism of both colors 1, 2 normally not or barely perceptible; i.e. they become perceptible only in special circumstances.
  • the security feature 5 consists of those surface areas or color fields 6, which occupies the motif 13 (such as a symbol, a pattern or alphanumeric or other characters) on the surface 15 or occupy its respective motif elements. These surface areas are summarized here as second surface area 12; they are designed in the second color 2.
  • each letter or number of the lettering forms its own color field 6, with the majority of the respective color patches or alphanumeric characters in this second color 2 together forming the security feature 5 in the narrower sense. Due to the small difference in color within and outside the color fields, which emerges only as a function of the position relative to the viewing direction of the observer or with the aid of a digital camera, the subject 13 stands out from its surrounding surface 14 only under special circumstances.
  • the color surfaces 6 of the motif 13 in the second color 2 are not or at least not immediately apparent to the viewer as different, different from the first color 1 colored surfaces recognizable.
  • a color difference between the first 1 and the second color 2 only as a function of the angle between the connecting line from the eye of the viewer to the subject 13 and the viewing direction of the viewer or - in another embodiment - perceptible only with the aid of a digital camera. This manifests itself in this embodiment by only a small color difference between the first color 1 and the second color 2, which is below the detection limit of the human eye and, for example, has a value ⁇ 2000 less than 2.0.
  • FIG. 5 shows, by way of example, a larger section of the surface 15, which is shown in section in FIG.
  • the detail shown in FIG. 5 can also represent the entire surface 15.
  • the surface 15 according to FIG. 5 may be flat or curved and in particular an outer surface of an article 10, a housing 70 or a container 80 (FIG. 1) or the outside or viewing side of a label 20, banknote 30 or other sheet 50 or film piece, for example a plastic film 40 be.
  • the surface 15 may, as in FIG. rectangular (with external dimensions AI and A2) be designed.
  • the surface 15 may be a total area or partial area of a foil piece or sheet of paper, cardboard or foil bounded by edges, punching lines and / or creases, which may be used to form, e.g. Folding a three-dimensional packaging is intended.
  • the surface 15 extends, for example, along a first x and a second
  • the motif 13 realized in the second color 2 is arranged near an edge of the surface 15, which is otherwise in the first color 1; at least in the immediate vicinity of the motif 13.
  • additional graphical elements or even spatial structures may be present, but preferably only outside the immediate vicinity
  • a color clearly opposite the first color 1 prominent, visible marking 9 may be provided, which is designed in a contrasting color 8 or at least in a clearly different from the first color 1 third color and therefore directly is perceived.
  • a conscious choice of the position of the clearly visible marking 9 is suitable for either directing the observer's eye to the security feature or for directing it away from it.
  • positional offset p between the security feature 5 ie, the color fields 6 in the first color 1 metameren second color 2 and the clearly visible marking 9 in the third color or contrast color 8 may be provided.
  • this positional offset p can be selected, for example, such that the viewer's gaze, after the initial form of the outer shape or boundary of the surface 15 has been detected in fractions of a second, is directed to the eye-catching marking 9 held in the contrasting color 8 and thus is deflected away from the security feature 5.
  • the motif 13 provided as a security feature 5 is virtually invisible to the viewer , Only when his eyes coincidentally on the surface area 12 of the otherwise monochrome acting surface 15 falls, in which the security feature 5 is arranged, it is suddenly perceptible, but only as long as the view of the viewer lingers there.
  • observer geometry measurement can be exploited to hide a security feature from the eyes of casual observers, especially because the viewer's gaze involuntarily and unconsciously (within fractions of a second) attracted by the more striking visual stimuli, ie especially edges and contrasting colors on the subject becomes.
  • the first color 1 and the second color 2 of the two surface areas 11, 12 may be selected so that the observer the color difference between the two colors only from the corner of the eye, or outside its closer viewing direction (for example, outside of 2 ° to the viewing direction or outside 10 ° to the viewing direction).
  • the motif 13 is then dimly visible away from the immediate viewing direction, but apparently disappears as soon as the observer directs his gaze.
  • FIG. 6 shows the standardized color sensitivity curves (for the relative wavelength-dependent sensitivity S) of the human eye, taking into account the angular dependence of the color perception on the angle relative to the viewing direction.
  • the color sensitivity curves B, G, R of the respective suppositories on the retina of the human eye for the primary colors blue, green and red are shown in each case for the 2 ° observer (CIE 1931), the 10 ° observer (CIE 1964) and for the so-called standard deviate observer (CIE 1989)
  • the color sensitivity curves for the 2 ° observer correspond to human color perception along its line of sight with a deviation of less than 2 ° relative sensitivity S of suppositories for blue (B2), green (G2) and red (R2) in the form of solid lines
  • Figure 6 shows slightly different color sensitivity characteristics as thin lines for blue (BIO), green (G10) and red (RIO) It can be seen from Figure 6 that for all three types of suppositories on the retina the ascending In the case of the 10 ° observer, the branch of the sensitivity curve is shifted in the direction of smaller wavelengths.
  • the maximum value of the sensitivity for the colors blue and red is slightly larger for the 10 ° observer (BIO and RIO) compared to the sensitivity for green than for the 2 ° observer. Further deviations in a real subject can be explained by the sensitivity curves for the
  • the dependence of the spectral sensitivity curves on the angle deviation from the viewing angle is exploited in the first embodiment
  • the angle deviation from the viewing angle is understood here to be the size of the angle which a straight line, which leads from the object point or the motif 13 through the pupil of the observer to the pixel on the retina, is relative
  • the observer geometry metrology is exploited in conjunction with a specific choice of two conditionally equal or mutually metameric colors for the first and the second surface area.
  • metameric colors in the strict sense, at least under a first condition (for example for the 2 ° observer, for the 10 ° observer or for the naked eye in general), but also on paramere colors, which even under such a condition are only perceived as approximately the same.
  • the term "metamer” should be understood in the sense of "paramer or metamer” or “paramer and / or metamer.” This applies in principle to all embodiments of the present application
  • the distinction of two distinguishable with the naked eye colors is depending on the experience of Viewers of different sizes, as a first approximation for the Distinctness or perceptibility limit, a color distance of about 2.0 to 3.0 are considered.
  • the first 1 and the second color 2 are chosen so that, for example, the color difference between them is only for the 2 ° observer, i. only perceptible along the line of sight (and in an angular range of up to ⁇ 2 ° relative to it), but not in the more distant field of view of the human eye. According to a modification of this embodiment, this is just the opposite, i. a color difference is only noticeable above a certain deviation from the viewing direction, for example only perceptible to the 10 ° observer.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate diagrammatically the visual impression which a security feature designed in color 2 leaves in the form of metameric (color fields 6 of the motif 13, in this case alphanumeric characters within the surrounding area 14 formed in the first color 1).
  • FIG. 7A shows, in thin outlines, the contour of individual letters of the alphanumeric lettering, which are designed in a second color 2 metametric to the first color 1 and are therefore invisible to the eye or difficult to recognize, as long as the central 2 ° sight area is not around the viewing direction falls on the provided with this label surface area.
  • the view for example, falls on a region of the surface 15 away from the motif 13 (for instance on the additional, strongly contrasting marking 9 in FIG.
  • the motif 13 is virtually invisible to the eye, since in this viewing direction no color difference between the light source 13 and the eye 13 is visible Color 2 of the motif 13 or the color fields 6 (second surface area 12) and the color 1 of the surrounding area 14 (first surface area 11) can be seen.
  • the two colors 1, 2 are Selects that a color difference becomes recognizable as soon as the central 2 ° field of view of the human eye encounters the motif 13 or a part thereof.
  • FIG. 7B where at least a part of the motif 13, as soon as and as long as the eye's gaze falls on the motif or a part thereof, slightly stands out slightly from the surrounding color and thereby suddenly becomes perceptible to the eye, that is readable.
  • the caption is easy to read for the viewer initiated in this security feature.
  • the sudden, possibly only occasional appearance of a caption is a surprising, at first inexplicable experience, insofar as he perceives the security feature at all.
  • a similar surprising experience arises when the metamere (or paramere) colors are chosen so that a color difference only outside the 2 ° field of view or only for the 10 ° observer or at least only in a larger angular range (eg larger as 2 ° relative to the viewing direction) becomes observable.
  • Figure 7C shows schematically for two different dye mixtures (corresponding to the two surface regions 11, 12) the proportion of the intensity Ir of the light which is reflected by the dye mixtures. Furthermore, the approximate sensitivity curves B, G, R of the human eye are plotted for the primary colors blue, green and red. Although the sensitivity curves B, G, R are shown in FIG. 7C without taking into account the viewing-angle dependence of human color perception, this dependence is nevertheless utilized here (see FIG. FIG. 7C shows clearly different reflection spectra S 11, S 12 for the body colors 1, 2 reflected by two reflected mutagenic metameric dye mixtures; only at five points of intersection or wavelengths is the reflected proportion of the two dye mixtures approximately the same size and, on the other hand, significantly different at almost all other wavelengths.
  • Figures 8A and 8B each depict a pair of dye mixtures which give two colors which are metameric to one another, i. according to the observer geometry metamerism are metamer.
  • a mixture of 81% photocyan, 55% magenta and 13% yellow is used as the first color 1 for the first surface area 11 (reference color).
  • the second color 2 which is to be applied in the second surface area 12 or in the color fields 6 of the motif 13 (secondary color)
  • a mixture of 51% cyan, 81% photomagenta and 15% red is used.
  • the reflectance spectra of both dye mixtures ie the wavelength dependent respective courses of the reflected intensity Ir are shown in Figure 8A (and for another embodiment in Figure 8B).
  • the reflection spectrum Si l corresponds to the first color 1 (as a reference color in the first surface area 11) and the reflection spectrum S12 of the second color 2 (as a second color or motif color in the second surface area 12).
  • the reflection spectrum S12 of the motif color contains an increased red content above 600 nm.
  • the portion of stronger reflection is slightly shifted towards longer wavelengths, as can be seen between 400 nm and 525 nm.
  • the second dye combination (with the spectrum S12) in the range between 530 and 595 nm reflects green light weaker than the first dye combination (with the spectrum Si l).
  • the colors of both dye combinations are observer geometry metrics for the human eye, wherein a color difference between reference color and subject color is observable selectively in the range of ⁇ 2 ° around the viewing direction, as illustrated by FIG. 9A.
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B show, for the examples of FIGS.
  • the respective color difference ⁇ 1976 (insofar as CIE standards from different years are mentioned in this application, the year of the respective CIE standard does not matter, but that in the relevant CIE standard
  • the color difference ⁇ 1976 between reference color and subject color for the 10 ° observer is significantly below that perceived by the 2 ° observer, and is also partly below the value range of about 2.0 to 3.0, which approximates can be considered as the limit of perceivability of different colors for an average, inexperienced observer.
  • the color difference ⁇ 1976 perceived by the 10 ° observer is also at the lower end of the value range of 0.5 to 1.0, below which even a trained observer can no longer recognize a color difference.
  • the 10 ° observer therefore has the same reference color and subject color.
  • Figures 8B and 9B show another example developed for flexographic printing.
  • Reference dye 1 used a dye mixture of 56% orange, 6% warm red and 38% green.
  • a mixture of 62% o of the dye yellow, 12% of the dye green and 26% of the dye violet was used.
  • the associated spectra Sl 1, S 12 of both dye mixtures, as shown in FIG. 8B for all wavelengths above 470 nm, are even more pronounced in this example.
  • this large color difference is only close to the line of sight, i. perceptible to the 2 ° observer.
  • the perceived color difference is in each case only 0.5 (case I) or 2.3 (case II) or 4.0 (case III).
  • the previous embodiments - depending on the application - can also be modified such that the dye combinations are chosen so that a security feature is selectively perceived only outside the line of sight or only outside a certain minimum angle relative to the viewing direction.
  • the angular dependence of the color sensation of the human eye is exploited. While only a 2 ° observer and a 10 ° observer are mentioned in this description for the sake of simplicity of illustration, the angle dependency utilized according to the invention is, of course, not limited to these definitions.
  • any pair of two metameric dyes or dye mixtures can be used, which have a different, optionally smaller or larger color difference ⁇ or produce perceptible color difference due to their reflection spectra in a first, smaller viewing angle around the viewing direction of the human eye than in a second , wider viewing angle around the viewing direction of the human eye.
  • the second viewing angle range is, in particular, a viewing angle range that lies completely outside a minimum angle of, for example, 2 ° or another, larger minimum angle relative to the viewing direction.
  • the angle is meant, from which the relevant surface area of the surface 15 is considered - relative to the direction of the surface normal of the surface itself - so not the angle between the point of view of the observer and the orientation of the Surface 15. Rather, the angle is meant, which is enclosed by the (each momentary) direction of view (perpendicular bisector through the pupil as an optical axis, which shows the direction in which the eye is looking) of the observer and through the straight line, that of the point of the surface 15 through the pupil leads to the image of this point on the retina of the observer. For a directly targeted point of the surface 15, this angle is 0 °, since the view is directed straight at him, regardless of the location of the viewer.
  • FIG. 10 shows a comparison of the color sensitivity of a typical digital image sensor with that of the human eye-in each case as the course of the (relative) sensitivity S as a function of the wavelength.
  • the sensitivity of each pin of the human eye is represented by the curves B, G and R for the colors blue, green and red.
  • the lines Bc, Gc and Rc indicate the speaking sensitivity characteristic of typical digital image sensors, which are realized for example as a CMOS sensor or CCD sensor (with respective pixel-wise color filters in front of the individual sensor cells).
  • a similar wavelength-dependent color sensitivity as shown in FIG. 10 is based on virtually all image sensors of commercially available digital cameras, video cameras, smartphones and camera phones. Although the color sensitivity curves differ slightly depending on the model, the similarities between them are so great that the curves Bc, Gc, and Rc shown in Figure 10, obtained by averaging over 25 cameras, are characteristic of a digital image sensor can be viewed. Even compared to the model-related deviations from the averaged sensitivity curves, the common differences compared to the color perception of the human eye are so clear that it is possible to speak of a typical, systematically detectable difference between the color sensitivity of a digital sensor chip and that of the human eye.
  • the maximum of the color sensitivity curve is a digital one
  • Image sensor for the color green about the size of the human eye, however, the entire sensitivity curve Gc for green is shifted in the direction of smaller wavelengths compared to the sensitivity curve G of the eye. Additionally is at one
  • Image sensor the sensitivity curve Bc for blue slightly shifted in the direction of larger wavelengths.
  • Image sensor chips compared to the human eye to realize a security feature that is not or barely perceptible to the human eye, but at the latest on the display of a digital camera clearly visible.
  • photographing can be quickly determined whether and where the security feature in question or
  • Authenticity plate on the label or other item is present.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B the surface 15 in the region of the security feature 5 is shown schematically, as it appears on the one hand to the unarmed eye and on the other hand in the display Digital camera (when photographing or filming) appears as a result of the different color sensitivity of the digital camera's digital sensor.
  • the color fields 6 (second surface areas 12) of the motif 13 indicated in FIG. 1A by the thin contours are not or only schematically visible to the human eye, which only has a slight color difference between the color 1 of the first, surrounding surface area 11 and the Color 2 of the motif 13 perceives.
  • the color difference ⁇ is, for example, less than 2.0 for the naked eye (both for the 2 ° observer and for the 10 ° observer).
  • a digital image sensor detects a greater color difference between the colors 1 and 2 as soon as the motif 13 is captured by the digital image sensor during photography or filming, as indicated in FIG. 1B. This increased color distance is also reflected on the camera display or mobile phone display as soon as the image content is displayed.
  • the surrounding area 14 of the motif 13 is then displayed in a third color and the motif 13 itself in a fourth color, the third and fourth colors having a visibly greater color difference from each other (FIG.
  • FIG. 1 IB The color difference which is increased in FIG. 1 IB compared with FIG. 1A is indicated only schematically in FIG. 1B by the use of the black-and-white contrast is a color difference between a third color 3 or 3 'and a fourth color 4 or 4 '(see Figure 17), which usually do not correspond exactly to the original colors 1, 2, but emerge from those colors which the camera-internal sensor chip detected when he designed in the original colors 1, 2 surface 15 of the object 10 recorded.
  • the electronics of the camera convert the signals detected by the sensor chip into a third color 3 'and a fourth color 4' (see FIG. 17)
  • the image colors of the first 1 and second color 2 detected by the sensor chip or digital sensor are shown on the display the camera are displayed or otherwise output, the third color 3 or 3 'and the fourth color 4 or 4' those colors to understand that indicates the digital camera as a representation of the first color 1 and the second color 2 on the display or otherwise.
  • the image colors 3 ', 4' displayed on the display in which the image of the original colors 1, 2 is displayed, can be viewed on the camera display viewed and distinguished from the eye.
  • the original colors 1, 2 are matched in accordance with this embodiment to the color sensitivity of digital image sensors or sensor chips, that just such an increase of the color difference arises.
  • the above remarks apply to all embodiments that provide for the use of a digital sensor chip or a digital camera, either with or without additional white light illumination source.
  • FIG. 12A is based on two dye mixtures for the first and the second color 1, 2, which are chosen so that their color distance to the human eye is below 2.5, but when photographing with a digital camera (already without using flash or a corresponding illumination) results in a significantly greater color difference ⁇ above 4.0. Shown is the reflectance spectrum of both dye mixtures, i. the wavelength-dependent profile of the (reflected) intensity Ir of the light reflected by the respective dye mixture.
  • S l 1 a dye mixture of 37% photocyan, 66% magenta and 80% yellow was used.
  • S 12 a mixture of 11% of the dye cyan, 85% of the dye photomagenta and 71 of the dye red was used.
  • FIG. 12A shows the reflection spectra S 11, S 12 of two exemplary dye mixtures which are provided for realizing the first 1 and the second color 2 and which are tuned to the color sensitivity of digital sensor chips such that the evaluation of these spectra by the sensor chip has two colors with increased color difference from each other.
  • the spectra S 1, S 12 are detected by a digital image sensor or by an electronic device equipped therewith when picking up the first and second surface regions 11, 12.
  • On the display 180 of the digital camera see FIG. 17), a third 3 'and a fourth color 4' are then reproduced as image colors of the first 1 and the second color 2.
  • the (first) color 1 of the first surface area 11 (surrounding area 14 of the motif 13), ie the spectrum S1 of the first dye mixture, is detected and evaluated in that area area of the sensor chip area onto which the first surface area 11 is imaged.
  • the (second) color 2 of the second surface region 12 (motif 13), ie the spectrum S 12 of the second dye mixture, is evaluated in that area region of the sensor chip surface onto which the second surface region 12 is imaged.
  • the two spectra S il and S 12 in Figure 12A intersect at about 550 nm, which corresponds approximately to the maximum of the sensitivity curve of the human eye for green.
  • S il assumes lower values than S 12, but this is compensated for by the fact that S il assumes values greater than S 12 at wavelengths above 550 nm.
  • both S il and S 12 give an equally great impression, for example, of the proportion of green.
  • the sensitivity curve for green of an image sensor of a digital camera is shifted towards smaller wavelengths (see FIG. 10 with the maximum at 530 nm instead of 550 nm).
  • FIG. 13A shows the color difference ⁇ between the two original colors observed with the eye as well as between the two image colors detected or determined by the image sensor.
  • the three illustrated cases I to III refer to a standard observer in indirect daylight of 6500 Kelvin (Case I), a standard deviation observer also in indirect daylight (Case II) and a standard observer in direct daylight of the color temperature of 5000 Kelvin.
  • the color difference ⁇ perceived by the naked eye is plotted for both the 2 ° observer and the 10 ° observer.
  • the color difference ⁇ 10 of the 10 ° observer is somewhat greater than 2.0 in case I and even lower in the other cases.
  • the color difference ⁇ 2 perceived by the 2 ° observer is always lower than that perceived by the 10 ° observer.
  • the color difference AEc resulting from the image data stored in the digital image sensor is significantly larger and is above a value of 5.0. The color difference provided by the sensor is thus sufficiently far above the perceptual limit of the human eye for distinguishing different colors.
  • the operator of the camera By looking at the display, which displays the colors measured by the image sensor, the operator of the camera immediately recognizes that two image areas of different color (with recognizable color separation AEc) are present, whereby the motif 13, which is not or hardly recognizable on the object, becomes recognizable and detectable , Also in case III the color difference measured by the digital sensor is sufficiently large to identify in the image displayed by the display the image of the security feature; the color difference value for this is 3.7 (not shown).
  • the effect of increasing the color difference between two metameric or parametric colors for the human eye can be increased still further by using a photograph or film White light LED is used as the illumination source.
  • a white light LED is available as a flash or as a continuous light for filming.
  • the spectrum of a white light LED is not really evenly distributed over the visible wavelength range, but has, as shown in Figure 14, a first, narrow and very high intensity maximum at wavelengths around 450 nm and a less high, but over a larger wavelength range In between, there is an intensity minimum approximately in the range of 470 to 510 nm, in which the emitted light intensity is extremely low.
  • the emitted spectrum of a white light LED in the blue and red spectral only asymmetrically lit a portion of the sensitivity curve of the camera, whereby the color difference or measured by the image sensor color distance compared to the color difference between the original colors 1, 2 is further increased.
  • this color difference is the one between the two colors detected by the image sensor, the image of the first color 1 giving a third color 3 or 3 'and the image of the second color 2 being a fourth color 4 or 4 'results; Their color difference from one another is greater than that between the two original colors 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 12B shows the reflection spectra Si 1, S 12 of the image colors 3, 4 recorded by the image sensor during illumination with a white-light LED when imaging the two metameric color mixtures for the colors 1, 2.
  • the sensitivity curves B, G, R of the eye for the three basic colors blue, green and red are shown.
  • Sl 1 a dye mixture of 30% cyan, 76% phot magenta and 72% red was used.
  • motif color or second color 2 S12, a mixture of 80% of the photocyanide dye, 60% of the magenta dye and 86% of the yellow dye was used.
  • FIG. 12B shows the spectra S1, S12 of these two dye mixtures, which are provided for realizing the first color 1 (first area 11) and the second color 2 (second area 12) and which are coordinated with one another in such a way that the evaluation of these spectra by the sensor chip with the aid of a white light LED illumination source two colors with even greater color difference from each other results.
  • FIG. 15 shows, in cross-section, a section of an object 10, on the surface 15 of which the motif 13 provided as a security feature is formed in a color 2 metamere to the color 1 of the surrounding area 14.
  • the illustrated section is selected to be small and therefore exemplarily shows only a single color boundary 7 between the two colors 1 and 2.
  • the article may be, for example, a label, a banknote, a document or other sheet or foil, a container, a packaging element or any other be another product.
  • the article may in particular be one which is explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, the remaining figures or the other exemplary embodiments of this application.
  • the section shown in FIG. 15 can be, for example, a partial area of a housing wall, a vessel or container or a partial area of a molded part of any other product.
  • the two surface regions 11, 12 may be formed, for example, as colorant surfaces of a respective dye or pigment layer, preferably as ink layers 21, 22 of a printing or an imprint according to any printing technique; alternatively also as lacquer layers 41, 42 of a lacquer or a lacquer coating.
  • FIG. 16 shows an alternative embodiment of an article 10-shown here as a still enlarged cross-sectional view of a subarea-in which the motif 13 provided as a security feature and the surrounding area 14 are not formed as printing or paint application but as holographic filters 31, 32, respectively.
  • the article 10 has on its surface 15 in the first surface area (or in the first surface areas) 11 a first ho lographic filter 31 and in the second surface area (or in the second surface areas) 12 a second ho lographic filter 32 on.
  • the reflection spectrum of the first holographic filter 31 in the first surface area 11 gives the first color 1
  • the reflection spectrum of the second holographic filter 32 in the second surface area 12 gives the second color 2. This is especially true in daylight, artificial light or both.
  • the holographic filters 31, 32 may, for example, be notch filters having only a single, more or less narrow absorption band in the visible wavelength range, or they may be multi-band holographic filters arranged in at least two absorb wavelengths of visible light from each other.
  • One of the two high-level filters may also be a notch filter and the other a multiband filter.
  • the reflection spectra of the provided in the two surface regions 11, 12 ho lo graphic filters 31, 32 need only be sufficiently different from each other so that the two filters can produce two different reflection spectra, which correspond to the two metameric colors to be generated.
  • the refractive index n of the filter layer of one or both high-level filters 31, 32 can vary over the respective layer thickness s according to an overlay of at least two spatial frequency components, as indicated on the left in FIG. 16, so that the radiation incident from the outside is in two different Wavelength ranges or bands is absorbed.
  • the respective holographic filter is then permeable to the remaining wavelength ranges;
  • These radiation components are preferably reflected by a reflective layer or reflecting interface arranged on the underside of the respective filter and, after emerging from the surface 15, form the reflection spectrum of the respective holographic filter 31, 32 or surface region 11, 12.
  • suitable (different) Characteristics of the refractive index over the layer thickness s of both filters 31, 32 can be realized, in particular holographic filters on the surface 15, whose base spectra or reflection spectra are fundamentally arbitrarily narrow band designable.
  • the holographic filters 31, 32 may be constructed such that the course of the refractive index over the filter layer thickness has two or more periodic fluctuations over the layer thickness in the course of the refractive index; in contrast to filters arranged one behind the other, i. cascaded areas with only a single sinusoidal variation in the refractive index.
  • the mutually metameric colors 1, 2 by printing inks or imprints 21, 22 ( Figure 15), by lacquer layers 41, 42 ( Figure 15) or by holo- graphical filters 31, 32 are realized ( Figure 16) preferably on a carrier material 25; its outer surface then forms, for example, an interface 35, which, however, may coincide completely or at least partially with the surface 15, depending on the nature of the realization of the two colors or paint jobs.
  • the interface 35 is preferably mirrored or reflective.
  • the carrier material 25 can be, for example, metal, plastic, paper, cardboard, ceramic, wood or glass.
  • the carrier material 25 may itself be layered or solid, and the surface formed therefrom may instead also be curved.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates by way of example the recording and reproduction of the surface 15 of the article 10 for those embodiments of the application in which a digital camera 100 is used to recognize the security feature 5.
  • the objective 140 of the camera 100 photographic camera and / or video camera
  • the light which is reflected by the surface regions 11, 12 reaches the digital image sensor or sensor chip 150, which detects the light of the two original subject colors 1, 2.
  • the sensor chip 150 or at the latest in the evaluation electronics 160 connected downstream thereof signals which actually reproduce the colors 1, 2 are recorded, but because of the color sensitivity characteristic of commercially available sensor chips 150 which are typically deviating from the human eye, record colors 3, 4 or save slightly different from the original subject colors 1, 2.
  • the color 3 (or 4) is the color corresponding to the evaluation of the color 1 (or 2) by the digital sensor chip. This evaluation is carried out by the camera or its sensor chip (or possibly a downstream camera electronics) during or after the capture of the color 1 (or 2). Due to the special matching of the metameric colors 1, 2 to each other, colors 3, 4 are calculated inside the camera, which have a greater color difference from one another than the original colors 1, 2 of each other, if they are evaluated by the human eye.
  • the color 3 'or 4' is that color which the camera or its display represents as representing the color 3 (or 4) obtained by the evaluation of the color 1 (or 2).
  • a plurality of color surfaces of slightly varying composition can be tentatively printed.
  • the respective color distance can be calculated, for example that for the human eye and that for a digital camera (if necessary with white light illumination), or that for the human eye, taking into account two different viewing angles relative to line of sight.
  • a conceivable procedure for example, is that first a set of dye mixtures of somewhat similar color impressions is printed and measured with a reflection spectrometer. Alternatively, it is also possible to print measurements on color fields of the pure dyes and on color fields of the individual dyes or dye mixtures with transparent white (in, for example, two different-sized mixing ratios with transparent white) and reflect by reflection spectrometry. Theoretical calculations can supplement the further procedure. However, the particular procedure for obtaining a suitable pair of metameric colors is variable and ultimately results from the application of the experience and prior knowledge of the person skilled in the art. For the theoretical calculations, for example, the formula according to Kubelka / Munk can be used to determine the ratio of absorption to scattering.
  • the reflection spectrum of mixtures of primary colors in arbitrary mixing ratios can be calculated from the interpolation between the reflection spectra of the pure primary colors or the combination of (undiluted and full-surface) Determine basic colors (Neugebauer primaries).
  • the method of least squares is generally suitable for optimizing the color difference.
  • the present application is not limited to specific, concrete metameric colors or color combinations or color pairs.
  • all conventional techniques for application of paint in particular printing techniques or painting techniques can be used.
  • colorants for realizing the desired colors use can be made of any conventional type of dye, pigment, colorant or filter material; in particular, to printing inks or pastes for any known printing techniques, such as inkjet or toner for laser printing, as well as conventional opaque or transparent lakes or conventional filter materials for making holographic filters.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un objet (10) qui possède au moins une surface (15) dotée d'une caractéristique de sécurité (5). La surface (15) comprend une première zone de surface (11) et une deuxième zone de surface (12). La première zone de surface (11) possède une première couleur (1) au voisinage de la deuxième zone de surface (12) et la deuxième zone de surface (12) possède une deuxième couleur (2). La première couleur (1) et la deuxième couleur (2) sont adaptées à la sensibilité chromatique de l'œil humain de telle sorte qu'une différence de couleur est perceptible lorsqu'elles sont observées par l'œil humain le long de sa direction de visée, tandis qu'aucune différence de couleur ou seulement une différence de couleur minime est perceptible entre la première couleur (1) et la deuxième couleur (2) lorsqu'elles sont observées par l'œil humain en dehors de sa direction de visée.
PCT/EP2014/077430 2013-12-12 2014-12-11 Objet possédant au moins une surface dotée d'une caractéristique de sécurité WO2015086766A1 (fr)

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DE102013113938.8A DE102013113938A1 (de) 2013-12-12 2013-12-12 Gegenstand mit mindestens einer ein Sicherheitsmerkmal aufweisenden Oberfläche
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT349884B (de) * 1973-09-22 1979-04-25 Siegwerk Druckfarben Gmbh & Co Vor faelschungen geschuetztes wertpapier und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
WO2006029431A2 (fr) * 2004-09-14 2006-03-23 Oesterreichische Banknoten- Und Sicherheitsdruck Gmbh Signe de securite pour documents de securite
US7922209B1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2011-04-12 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Metamerism-based security patterns
EP2602119A1 (fr) * 2010-08-04 2013-06-12 Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. Milieu lumineux et procédé d'authentification d'un milieu lumineux

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1407065A (en) * 1972-11-30 1975-09-24 Rue Co Ltd Thomas De Production of security documents
DE102006038270A1 (de) * 2006-08-10 2008-02-14 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Sicherheits- und/oder Wertdokument mit einem Muster aus strahlungsmodifizierten Komponenten

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT349884B (de) * 1973-09-22 1979-04-25 Siegwerk Druckfarben Gmbh & Co Vor faelschungen geschuetztes wertpapier und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
WO2006029431A2 (fr) * 2004-09-14 2006-03-23 Oesterreichische Banknoten- Und Sicherheitsdruck Gmbh Signe de securite pour documents de securite
US7922209B1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2011-04-12 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Metamerism-based security patterns
EP2602119A1 (fr) * 2010-08-04 2013-06-12 Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. Milieu lumineux et procédé d'authentification d'un milieu lumineux

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