WO2015081771A1 - 基于同步测量信息的电压安全稳定自适应紧急控制方法 - Google Patents

基于同步测量信息的电压安全稳定自适应紧急控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015081771A1
WO2015081771A1 PCT/CN2014/089402 CN2014089402W WO2015081771A1 WO 2015081771 A1 WO2015081771 A1 WO 2015081771A1 CN 2014089402 W CN2014089402 W CN 2014089402W WO 2015081771 A1 WO2015081771 A1 WO 2015081771A1
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Prior art keywords
voltage
bus
load
control
decision
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PCT/CN2014/089402
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐泰山
李颖毅
李碧君
孙维真
鲍颜红
王超
徐伟
李继红
郑亮
陈金
常勇
赵一琰
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State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
NARI Group Corp
NARI Technology Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
NARI Group Corp
NARI Technology Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/001—Arrangements for handling faults or abnormalities, e.g. emergencies or contingencies
    • H02J3/0014—Arrangements for handling faults or abnormalities, e.g. emergencies or contingencies for preventing or reducing power oscillations in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2105/00—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2105/50—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2105/54—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads according to a non-electrical condition, e.g. temperature
    • H02J2105/55—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads according to a non-electrical condition, e.g. temperature according to an economic condition, e.g. tariff-based load management
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S50/00—Market activities related to the operation of systems integrating technologies related to power network operation or related to communication or information technologies
    • Y04S50/10—Energy trading, including energy flowing from end-user application to grid

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of power system operation and control, and more particularly relates to a voltage safety and stability adaptive emergency control method based on synchronous measurement information.
  • the existing voltage safety and stability emergency control technologies include two types, one is emergency control based on a pre-established control strategy table, such as a regional security and stability control system; such technology has higher real-time and control accuracy, but whether it is an offline strategy
  • the table control or the online policy table control is difficult to avoid the over-control problem and the under-control problem caused by the excessive difference between the operation mode and the actual operation state for analysis, and the reliability is not high.
  • the other type is emergency control based on in-situ measurement of real-time information, such as low-voltage load shedding; such technology is highly reliable and real-time, but because of the local quantity, the control accuracy is difficult to guarantee.
  • the object of the present invention is: in order to comprehensively improve the reliability, real-time and accuracy of the voltage safety and stability emergency control, the present invention proposes that the bus voltage and the branch power flow synchronization measurement data of the load center substation based only on real-time aggregation are independent of the power system.
  • the operation mode of other plant stations does not depend on the power system model and parameters, and directly establishes the correlation equation between the bus voltage variation and the active and reactive power variations of each bus load.
  • the active and reactive power to the bus voltage The sensitivity of the sensor does not change much in a short period of time.
  • the optimization method is used to solve the equations that reflect the relationship between the multiple operating points of the measured trajectory, and the sensitivity of each bus load active and reactive to the bus voltage is obtained. Based on the sensitivity, consider the controllable measures and their priorities and costs, as well as the voltage safety and stability requirements of each busbar, to achieve coordinated and optimized emergency control to prevent the voltage from losing safety and stability. .
  • the present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions, including the following steps:
  • step 2 1) Combine the voltage and branch flow information of all bus bars in the voltage safety and stability monitoring device based on synchronous measurement, and store the information according to the set sampling storage period T 0 to obtain the measured information including the latest synchronous measurement time t 0 information. Historical information, proceed to step 2);
  • step 2 If the voltages at the time t 0 of the collection are safe and stable, the voltages of all the bus bars in the centralized control device are respectively greater than or equal to the calculated starting threshold of the corresponding bus voltage control or the fault state threshold in which at least one bus voltage is less than or equal to the corresponding bus voltage.
  • the value returns to step 1); if the collected voltages at time t 0 are safely and stably monitored, the voltages of all the bus bars are respectively greater than or equal to the emergency control start threshold of the corresponding bus voltage, and at least one of the bus bars has a voltage less than the corresponding bus bar.
  • step 3 If the calculation of the voltage control starts the threshold, the process proceeds to step 3); if the voltage at the time t 0 is collected, the voltages of all the bus bars in the centralized monitoring device are respectively greater than the fault state threshold of the corresponding bus voltage and at least one of the bus bars is included. If the voltage is less than the emergency control start threshold of the corresponding bus voltage, the bus bar whose voltage is less than the emergency control start threshold of the corresponding bus voltage is filtered out to form a voltage standby bus set, and proceeds to step 8);
  • the calculation threshold value of the bus voltage control is greater than the emergency control start threshold of the corresponding bus voltage, and the emergency control threshold of the bus voltage is greater than the safety stability threshold of the corresponding bus voltage, and the safety stability threshold of the bus voltage is greater than the corresponding bus voltage. Fault state threshold value;
  • step 3 If the ratio of the time length T corresponding to the collected measured history information to the set sensitivity calculation sampling period T s is less than 4, return to step 1), otherwise the time t 0 is taken as the first sampling time point, to T s samples the measured history information so that the second sampling time point is t 0 -T s time, the third sampling time point is t 0 -2T s time, and the fourth sampling time point is t 0 -3T s time , the fifth sampling time point is t 0 -4T s time, proceeds to step 4);
  • T s is set to an integer multiple of the sampling storage period T 0 of the measured historical information
  • the reactive power variation is related to the sensitivity of each busbar injection active to the bus voltage, the sensitivity of the injected reactive power to the bus voltage, and the related equations caused by other factors in the grid causing the variation of the bus voltage.
  • the sensitivity of each busbar to the active bus voltage is The sensitivity of the injected reactive power to the bus voltage, and the amount of change in the bus voltage caused by other factors in the T s as a variable, and assume that these variables are the same in the associated equations at two different sampling time points.
  • the optimization method is used to solve the four correlation equations that reflect the relationship between the two adjacent sampling time points. If there is an optimal solution and is the only solution, the optimal solution is taken as the latest solution of the corresponding variable. And step t ) as the time t r associated with the latest solution, proceeds to step 5), otherwise, proceeds to step 5);
  • the pre-decision control threshold value of the bus voltage is greater than an emergency control start threshold of the corresponding bus voltage
  • the sensitivity of the busbar injection active to the bus voltage is greater than the sensitivity threshold of the busbar injection active to the busbar voltage and the controllable busbar load is filtered out to form the busbar load control measure set, and the sensitivity of the busbar to the reactive busbar voltage is injected. Greater than the set busbar injection reactive power threshold voltage threshold and the control of the bus load is filtered out, added to the bus load control measures set, the busbar injection reactive power is more sensitive to the bus voltage than the set bus injection reactive bus to the bus The sensitivity threshold of the voltage and the resectable bus shunt reactor and the input bus shunt capacitor are filtered out to form the control set of the bus reactive power compensation device. If the bus load control measures are set, the non-empty or bus reactive power compensation device control measures are set. Non-empty, proceed to step 7), otherwise, return to step 1);
  • the controllable bus load refers to a controllable load branch connected to the bus bar
  • the load transfer measures, load shedding measures and retreat reactive power compensation equipment measures corresponding to any of the optimal solutions are taken as the latest voltage safety and stability pre-decision emergency control measures, and the voltage is pre-empted.
  • Decision control bus set and time t 0 as the latest voltage safety and stability pre-decision emergency control measures associated with the voltage pre-decision control bus set and time t c , then return to step 1), otherwise return to step 1);
  • the latest voltage safety and stability pre-decision emergency control measures have been obtained, and t 0 -t c is less than or equal to the effective time of the set pre-decision emergency control measures, it is associated with the latest voltage safety and stability pre-decision emergency control measures.
  • the voltage pre-decision control bus set and the voltage standby bus set intersection are not empty, the latest voltage safety and stability pre-decision emergency control measures are directly implemented, return to step 1), for the latest voltage safety and stability pre-decision emergency control measures If the intersection of the associated voltage pre-decision control bus set and the voltage standby bus set is an empty set, return to step 1); otherwise, return to step 1).
  • step 4 the voltage changes of the respective bus bars between the adjacent two sampling time points from the first sampling time point are respectively represented by the equations (1)-(4).
  • n is the number of busbars in the synchronous measurement information of the voltage
  • m is the number of busbars in the synchronous measurement information of the load
  • M is the number of busbars in the synchronous measurement information of reactive power
  • the measurement information need to synchronize all of the top surface of the bus load, no load, only the reactive power compensation device at the back of the bus
  • v 0.i, v 1.i, v 2.i, v 3 .i and v 4.i are the voltages of the i-th busbar in the voltage safety and stability monitoring equipment in the first to fifth sampling time points respectively
  • ⁇ Pij and ⁇ Qij are the injections of the jth busbar in the voltage safety and stability monitoring equipment.
  • the sensitivity of the active to the i-th bus voltage and the sensitivity of the injected reactive power to the i-th bus voltage, P 0.j , P 1.j , P 2.j , P 3.j and P 4.j are respectively the first
  • the total active power of the load in the jth bus synchronous measurement information in the voltage safety and stability monitoring equipment to the 5th sampling time point, Q 0.j , Q 1.j , Q 2.j , Q 3.j and Q 4.j The total reactive power of the load and reactive power compensation equipment in the j-th bus synchronous measurement information of the voltage safety and stability monitoring equipment in the 1st to 5th sampling time points respectively I [Delta] V due to voltage stability monitoring device for the safety grid and other factors change amount of the i-th focus bus voltage;
  • step 7 an emergency control measure for voltage safety and stability pre-decision is calculated by solving a 01 integer programming model in which the objective function is represented by the formula (6) and the constraint condition is represented by the formula (7).
  • Reactive power is positive in the incoming bus:
  • R is the priority number of the bus load control measures to cut off the load branch collectively
  • D r is the number of loadable branches with the priority of the bus load control measures being r.
  • x rd takes a value of 0 or 1, equal to 0 means not to remove the load, equal to 1 means to cut off the load, when x r+1.d is equal to 0, x rd can only be equal to 0, when x r+1.d When it is equal to 1, x rd can be equal to 0 or equal to 1, and P Er0.d and Q Er0.d are the active and non-active of the d-th load branch in the load- cutable branch with priority r at time t 0 respectively.
  • C r.0.d is the control cost of the d-th load branch in the load branch with the priority r being cut off at time t 0
  • K is the number of bus bars in the voltage pre-decision control bus bar.
  • Priority are safe and stable voltage centralized monitoring device of busbars k 0 r may be injected as a load shedding d th branch connected branches active load voltage control bus pre-centralized decision k-th bus voltage sensitivity And the sensitivity of the injected reactive power to the voltage of the kth bus voltage in the voltage pre-determination control bus set;
  • L is the number of load branches that can be transferred to the bus load control measures. Respectively, where k 1 -th centralized bus l-th injection can be transferred for a load branch is connected in turn supply voltage before the security and stability of the active monitoring device for voltage control bus pre-centralized decision k-th bus voltage sensitivity and without injection The sensitivity of the power to the voltage pre-decision control to the kth bus voltage in the bus set, Respectively, wherein the l th rotatable safe and stable supply voltage monitoring device for the load branch after the transfer of the connected busbars k 2 concentration of the injection of active voltage control bus pre-centralized decision k-th bus voltage sensitivity and without injection
  • the sensitivity of the work to the voltage pre-decision control bus bar voltage of the kth bus bar concentration, P F.0.l , Q F.0.l are the active and reactive power of the lth transferable load branch at time t 0 respectively.
  • the value of x l is 0 or 1, equal to 0 means no transfer to the
  • A is the busbar reactive power compensation device control measures, the number of shunt reactor branches that can be cut off, Wherein the sensitivity of the voltage monitoring device of a safe and stable parallel connected reactors k 3 concentration of the bus bars injecting reactive voltage control bus pre-decision on the k-th concentration bus voltage, Q G.0.a to t 0 At the moment, the reactive power of the a-th parallel reactor is cut off, y a takes a value of 0 or 1, equal to 0 means that the shunt reactor branch is not cut off, and equal to 1 means that the shunt reactor branch is cut off;
  • B is the number of shunt capacitor branches that can be invested in the control measures of the bus reactive power compensation equipment.
  • Voltage stability in which the security monitoring device b th capacitors connected in parallel to k 4 th concentration of injecting reactive bus voltage control bus pre-decision on the k-th concentration sensitivity bus voltage, Q H.0.b to time t 0 The reactive power after the input of the b-th parallel capacitor is calculated by the capacitive reactance of the parallel capacitor input and the voltage of the connected bus bar at time t 0.
  • the value of z b is 0 or 1, and equal to 0 means that the parallel capacitor branch is not input.
  • Road, equal to 1 means to input the shunt capacitor branch;
  • v sk and v ck are respectively the voltage safety stability threshold and the emergency control threshold of the kth bus in the voltage pre-decision control bus set at time t 0 .
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
  • the present invention proposes a bus voltage and branch current synchronization measurement data based only on real-time aggregation, does not depend on the operation mode of other power stations of the power system, does not depend on the power system model and parameters, and adopts the advance
  • the calculated control strategy table improves the reliability of the voltage safety and stability emergency control compared to the technology for emergency control.
  • the present invention improves the reliability, real-time performance and accuracy of the voltage safety and stability emergency control, and can realize coordinated and optimized emergency control to prevent the voltage from losing safety and stability.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of steps 1 through 6 of the method of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart of steps 7 through 8 of the method of the present invention.
  • Step 1 in FIG. 1 describes that the voltage and branch flow information of all the bus bars in the voltage safety and stability monitoring device based on the synchronous measurement are collected, and the information is stored according to the set sampling storage period T 0 to obtain the latest synchronous measurement time.
  • the measured historical information including the t 0 information proceeds to step 2).
  • the purpose of step 1) is to obtain new synchronization measurement information in preparation for the control decision calculation.
  • T 0 can be set to 0.02s.
  • Step 2 in Figure 1 describes that if the voltages at the time t 0 are collected, the voltages of all the bus bars in the centralized monitoring device are respectively greater than or equal to the calculated starting threshold of the corresponding bus voltage control or the voltage of at least one of the bus bars is less than or equal to The fault state threshold value of the corresponding bus voltage (usually set to 0.6 pu) returns to step 1); if the voltage at the time t 0 is collected, the voltage of all the bus bars in the centralized monitoring device is equal to or greater than the emergency control of the corresponding bus voltage.
  • step 3 if the voltage safe and stable monitoring device pooled time t 0 focus voltage of all buses are respectively greater than the corresponding The threshold value of the fault voltage of the bus voltage and wherein at least one bus voltage is less than the emergency control start threshold of the corresponding bus voltage, the bus bar whose voltage is less than the emergency control start threshold of the corresponding bus voltage is filtered out to form a voltage standby bus Set, go to step 8).
  • the calculation threshold value of the bus voltage control is greater than the emergency control start threshold of the corresponding bus voltage, and the emergency control threshold of the bus voltage is greater than the safety stability threshold of the corresponding bus voltage, and the safety stability threshold of the bus voltage is greater than the corresponding bus voltage.
  • the threshold value of the fault state; the safety and stability threshold of each bus voltage can be set by off-line analysis or can be determined by online calculation.
  • the calculation threshold of the i-th bus voltage control in the voltage safety and stability monitoring equipment can be set to 1.09v si (where v si is the safety stability threshold of the i-th bus voltage in the voltage safety and stability monitoring equipment), and the emergency control starts.
  • the threshold can be set to 1.04v si and the fault state threshold can be set to 0.5v si .
  • Step 3 in FIG. 1 describes that if the ratio of the time length T corresponding to the collected measured history information to the set sensitivity calculation sampling period T s is less than 4, the process returns to step 1), otherwise, the time t 0 is taken as the first At one sampling time point, the measured historical information is sampled by T s such that the second sampling time point is t 0 -T s time, the third sampling time point is t 0 -2T s time, and the fourth sampling time The point is t 0 -3T s , and the 5th sampling time point is t 0 -4T s , and the process proceeds to step 4).
  • T S is set to the measured sample history information storing integer multiple of the period T 0, T S can typically be set to 2T 0;
  • Step 4 in FIG. 1 describes that, based on the bus voltage and the branch current synchronization measurement information of two adjacent sampling time points, the voltage variation and the load active variation of each bus bar between the two sampling time points are established.
  • the total reactive power variation of the load and reactive power compensation equipment and the sensitivity of each busbar injection active to the bus voltage, the sensitivity of the injected reactive power to the bus voltage, and the related equations caused by other factors in the grid causing the variation of the bus voltage, and the respective busbars are injected.
  • the optimization method is used to solve the four correlation equations that reflect the relationship between the two adjacent sampling time points. If there is an optimal solution and is the only solution, the optimal solution will be obtained. the latest solutions as respective variables, and time t 0 as the time associated with the latest solutions t r, proceeds to step 5) otherwise, operation proceeds to step 5).
  • step 4 the equations (1)-(4) respectively indicate the voltage change amount, the load active change amount, and the load of each bus bar between the adjacent two sampling time points from the first sampling time point.
  • the busbar is positive:
  • n is the number of busbars in the synchronous measurement information of the voltage
  • m is the number of busbars in the synchronous measurement information of the load
  • M is the number of busbars in the synchronous measurement information of reactive power
  • the measurement information need to synchronize all of the top surface of the bus load, no load, only the reactive power compensation device at the back of the bus
  • v 0.i, v 1.i, v 2.i, v 3 .i and v 4.i are the voltages of the i-th busbar in the voltage safety and stability monitoring equipment in the first to fifth sampling time points respectively
  • ⁇ Pij and ⁇ Qij are the injections of the jth busbar in the voltage safety and stability monitoring equipment.
  • the sensitivity of the active to the i-th bus voltage and the sensitivity of the injected reactive power to the i-th bus voltage, P 0.j , P 1.j , P 2.j , P 3.j and P 4.j are respectively the first
  • the total active power of the load in the jth bus synchronous measurement information in the voltage safety and stability monitoring equipment to the 5th sampling time point, Q 0.j , Q 1.j , Q 2.j , Q 3.j and Q 4.j The total reactive power of the load and reactive power compensation equipment in the j-th bus synchronous measurement information of the voltage safety and stability monitoring equipment in the 1st to 5th sampling time points respectively Causing a voltage [Delta] V i centralized monitoring device safe and stable variation of the i-th grid bus voltage for other factors.
  • Step 5 in Figure 1 describes the sensitivity of the active bus to the bus voltage and the sensitivity of the injected reactive power to the bus voltage, and the solution of the change in the bus voltage caused by other factors in the grid within T s has been obtained, and If t 0 -t r is less than or equal to the set sensitivity effective time (usually set to 0.3s), the bus bars of all the bus bars at the time t 0 at which the voltage is less than the pre-decision control threshold of the corresponding bus voltage are filtered out.
  • the voltage pre-decision control bus set for the case where the voltage pre-decision control bus set is not empty, proceeds to step 6), and returns to step 1) if the voltage pre-decision control bus set is empty; otherwise, returns to step 1).
  • the pre-decision control threshold value of the bus voltage is greater than the emergency control start threshold of the corresponding bus voltage.
  • the pre-decision control threshold of the i-th bus voltage in the voltage safety and stability monitoring device can be set to 1.06v si (where v si is The voltage safety and stability monitoring equipment concentrates the safety stability threshold of the i-th bus voltage.
  • Step 6 in Figure 1 describes that the sensitivity of injecting the bus into active power to the bus voltage is greater than the setting.
  • the busbar injects the active threshold value of the busbar voltage and the controllable busbar load is filtered out to form a busbar load control measure set.
  • the sensitivity of the busbar injection reactive power to the busbar voltage is greater than the sensitivity of the set busbar injection reactive power to the busbar voltage.
  • the controllable bus load is filtered out and added to the bus load control measure set.
  • the sensitivity of the bus line injection reactive power to the bus voltage is greater than the sensitivity of the set bus bar injection reactive power to the bus voltage and the resectable bus shunt reactor and
  • the busbar shunt capacitors that can be input are filtered out to form a busbar reactive power compensation device control measure set. If the busbar load control measures set non-empty or busbar reactive power compensation device control measures are not empty, go to step 7), otherwise, return to step 1) .
  • the controllable bus load refers to a controllable load branch connected to the bus.
  • Step 7 in Figure 1 describes the establishment of the objective control function with the minimum control cost of the load shedding, considering the control priority of different load shedding measures, the active and reactive power in the load transfer and load shedding measures, and the load transfer.
  • load shedding and retreat reactive power compensation equipment meet the voltage pre-decision control bus bar concentration of each bus voltage increase is greater than or equal to the corresponding bus voltage emergency control threshold value and its voltage safety stability threshold value of the constraints of the 01 integer
  • the planning model calculates the voltage safety and stability pre-decision emergency control measures by solving the 01 integer programming model.
  • the load transfer measures, load shedding measures and retreats corresponding to any of the optimal solutions will be
  • the power compensation equipment measures as the latest voltage safety and stability pre-decision emergency control measures, and the voltage pre-decision control bus set and t 0 time as the latest voltage safety and stability pre-decision emergency control measures associated with the voltage pre-decision control bus set and time t c , return to step 1), otherwise, return to step 1).
  • step 7 the emergency control measures for voltage safety and stability pre-decision are calculated by solving the 01 integer programming model with the objective function represented by equation (6) and the constraint condition represented by formula (7).
  • the active and reactive powers are all flowed into the bus.
  • R is the priority number of the bus load control measures to cut off the load branch collectively
  • D r is the number of loadable branches with the priority of the bus load control measures being r.
  • x rd takes a value of 0 or 1, equal to 0 means not to remove the load, equal to 1 means to cut off the load, when x r+1.d is equal to 0, x rd can only be equal to 0, when x r+1.d When it is equal to 1, x rd can be equal to 0 or equal to 1, and P Er0.d and Q Er0.d are the active and non-active of the d-th load branch in the load- cutable branch with priority r at time t 0 respectively.
  • C r.0.d is the control cost of the d-th load branch in the load branch with the priority r being cut off at time t 0
  • K is the number of bus bars in the voltage pre-decision control bus bar.
  • Priority are safe and stable voltage centralized monitoring device of busbars k 0 r may be injected as a load shedding d th branch connected branches active load voltage control bus pre-centralized decision k-th bus voltage sensitivity And the sensitivity of the injected reactive power to the voltage of the kth bus voltage in the voltage pre-determination control bus set;
  • L is the number of load branches that can be transferred to the bus load control measures. Respectively, where k 1 -th centralized bus l-th injection can be transferred for a load branch is connected in turn supply voltage before the security and stability of the active monitoring device for voltage control bus pre-centralized decision k-th bus voltage sensitivity and without injection The sensitivity of the power to the voltage pre-decision control to the kth bus voltage in the bus set, Respectively, wherein the l th rotatable safe and stable supply voltage monitoring device for the load branch after the transfer of the connected busbars k 2 concentration of the injection of active voltage control bus pre-centralized decision k-th bus voltage sensitivity and without injection
  • the sensitivity of the work to the voltage pre-decision control bus bar voltage of the kth bus bar concentration, P F.0.l , Q F.0.l are the active and reactive power of the lth transferable load branch at time t 0 respectively.
  • the value of x l is 0 or 1, equal to 0 means no transfer to the
  • A is the busbar reactive power compensation device control measures, the number of shunt reactor branches that can be cut off, Wherein the sensitivity of the voltage monitoring device of a safe and stable parallel connected reactors k 3 concentration of the bus bars injecting reactive voltage control bus pre-decision on the k-th concentration bus voltage, Q G.0.a to t 0 At the moment, the reactive power of the a-th parallel reactor is cut off, y a takes a value of 0 or 1, equal to 0 means that the shunt reactor branch is not cut off, and equal to 1 means that the shunt reactor branch is cut off;
  • B is the number of shunt capacitor branches that can be invested in the control measures of the bus reactive power compensation equipment.
  • Voltage stability in which the security monitoring device b th capacitors connected in parallel to k 4 th concentration of injecting reactive bus voltage control bus pre-decision on the k-th concentration sensitivity bus voltage, Q H.0.b to time t 0 The reactive power after the input of the b-th parallel capacitor is calculated by the capacitive reactance of the parallel capacitor input and the voltage of the connected bus bar at time t 0.
  • the value of z b is 0 or 1, and equal to 0 means that the parallel capacitor branch is not input.
  • Road, equal to 1 means to input the shunt capacitor branch;
  • v sk and v ck are respectively the voltage safety stability threshold and the emergency control threshold of the kth bus in the voltage pre-decision control bus set at time t 0 .
  • Step 8 in Figure 1 describes if the latest voltage safety and stability pre-decision emergency control measures have been obtained, and t 0 -t c is less than or equal to the effective time of the set pre-decision emergency control measures (usually set to 0.3s)
  • the intersection of the voltage pre-decision control bus set and the voltage pending bus set is not empty, and the latest voltage safety and stability pre-decision emergency control measures are directly implemented and returned.
  • Step 1) for the case where the intersection of the voltage pre-decision control bus set and the voltage standby bus set associated with the latest voltage safety and stability pre-decision emergency control measure is an empty set, return to step 1); otherwise, return to step 1).

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Abstract

一种基于同步测量信息的电压安全稳定自适应紧急控制方法，该方法基于实时汇集的母线电压和支路潮流同步测量数据，建立反映母线电压变化量与各个母线负荷有功和无功变化量之间的关联方程，采用优化方法联立求解反映实测运行轨迹的多个运行点之间关联关系的方程组，得到各个母线注入有功和注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度，考虑负荷控制的优先级和代价，在可控的无功设备投切和负荷控制措施空间中，搜索满足各个母线电压安全稳定要求且控制代价最小的无功设备投切和负荷控制措施。该方法能够实现防止电压失去安全稳定的协调优化紧急控制。

Description

基于同步测量信息的电压安全稳定自适应紧急控制方法 技术领域
本发明属于电力系统运行与控制领域，更准确地说本发明涉及一种基于同步测量信息的电压安全稳定自适应紧急控制方法。
背景技术
大规模电力的远距离输送、负荷中心电压支撑能力不足使得电压安全稳定成为电力系统运行与控制中需要重点解决的问题之一。现有的电压安全稳定紧急控制技术包括两类，一类是基于预先制定控制策略表的紧急控制，例如区域安全稳定控制系统；这类技术实时性和控制精度比较高，但无论是按离线策略表控制，还是按在线策略表控制，都难以避免因用于分析的运行方式与实际运行状态的差异过大而带来的过控问题和欠控问题，可靠性不高。另一类是基于就地测量实时信息的紧急控制，例如低压减载；该类技术可靠性和实时性比较高，但由于只有就地量，其控制精度很难保证。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：为了综合提高电压安全稳定紧急控制的可靠性、实时性和精度，本发明提出只基于实时汇集的负荷中心变电站的母线电压和支路潮流同步测量数据，不依赖于电力系统其它厂站的运行方式，不依赖于电力系统模型和参数，直接建立反映母线电压变化量与各个母线负荷有功和无功变化量之间的关联方程，依据各个母线负荷有功和无功对母线电压的灵敏度在短时间内变化不大的特性，采用优化方法联立求解反映实测运行轨迹的多个运行点之间关联关系的方程组，得到各个母线负荷有功和无功对母线电压的灵敏度，再基于灵敏度，考虑可控措施及其优先级和代价，以及各母线的电压安全稳定要求，实现防止电压失去安全稳定的协调优化紧急控制。。
具体地说，本发明是采用以下的技术方案来实现的，包括以下步骤：
1)汇集基于同步测量的电压安全稳定监控设备集中所有母线的电压和支路潮流信息，并按设定的采样存储周期T0存储这些信息，得到包括最新同步测量时刻t0信息在内的实测历史信息，进入步骤2)；
2)若汇集的t0时刻的电压安全稳定监控设备集中所有母线的电压都分别大于等于相应母线电压控制的计算启动门槛值或其中至少有1个母线的电压小于等于相应母线电压的故障状态门槛值，则返回步骤1)；若汇集的t0时刻的电压安全稳定监控设备集中所有母线的电压都分别大于等于相应母线电压的紧急控制启动门槛值且其中至少有1个母线的电压小于相应母线电压控制的计算启动门槛值，则进入步骤3)；若汇集的t0时刻的电压安全稳定监控设备集中所有母线的电压都分别大于相应母线电压的故障状态门槛值且其中至少有1个母线的电压小于相应母线电压的紧急控制启动门槛值，则将电压小于相应母线电压的紧急控制启动门槛值的母线过滤出来，构成电压待控母线集，进入步骤8)；
所述母线电压控制的计算启动门槛值大于相应母线电压的紧急控制启动门槛值，母线电压的紧急控制启动门槛值大于相应母线电压的安全稳定临界值，母线电压的安全稳定临界值大于相应母线电压的故障状态门槛值；
3)若汇集的实测历史信息所对应的时间长度T与设定的灵敏度计算采样周期Ts之比小于4，则返回步骤1)，否则将t0时刻作为第1个采样时刻点，以Ts对实测历史信息进行采样，使得第2个采样时刻点为t0-Ts时刻，第3个采样时刻点为t0-2Ts时刻，第4个采样时刻点为t0-3Ts时刻，第5个采样时刻点为t0-4Ts时刻，进入步骤4)；
其中，Ts设置为实测历史信息的采样存储周期T0的整数倍；
4)基于相邻的两个采样时刻点的母线电压和支路潮流同步测量信息，建立反映两个采样时刻点之间各个母线的电压变化量、负荷有功变化量、负荷及无功补偿设备总无功变化量与各个母线注入有功对母线电压的灵敏度、注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度以及电网中其它因素引起母线电压的变化量的关联方程组， 将各个母线注入有功对母线电压的灵敏度和注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度，以及在Ts内电网中其它因素引起母线电压的变化量作为变量，并假设在不同的两个相邻采样时刻点的关联方程组中，这些变量是相同的，采用优化方法联立求解4个反映相邻的两个采样时刻点运行状态之间关系的关联方程组；若有最优解且是唯一解，则将最优解作为相应的变量的最新解，并将t0时刻作为最新解所关联的时刻tr，进入步骤5)，否则，进入步骤5)；
5)若各个母线注入有功对母线电压的灵敏度和注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度，以及在Ts内电网中其它因素引起母线电压的变化量的解已获得、且t0-tr小于等于设定的灵敏度有效时间，则将汇集的t0时刻的所有母线中电压小于相应母线电压的预决策控制门槛值的母线过滤出来，构成电压预决策控制母线集，对于电压预决策控制母线集非空的情况，进入步骤6)，对于电压预决策控制母线集为空的情况，返回步骤1)；
否则，返回步骤1)；
所述母线电压的预决策控制门槛值大于相应母线电压的紧急控制启动门槛值；
6)将母线注入有功对母线电压的灵敏度大于设置的母线注入有功对母线电压的灵敏度门槛值且可控的母线负荷过滤出来，构成母线负荷控制措施集，将母线注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度大于设置的母线注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度门槛值且可控的母线负荷过滤出来，加入到母线负荷控制措施集，将母线注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度大于设置的母线注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度门槛值且可切除的母线并联电抗器和可投入的母线并联电容器过滤出来，构成母线无功补偿设备控制措施集，若母线负荷控制措施集非空或母线无功补偿设备控制措施集非空，进入步骤7)，否则，返回步骤1)；
所述可控的母线负荷是指连接到该母线的可控的负荷支路；
7)建立以切负荷的控制代价最小为目标函数，考虑不同切负荷措施的控制 优先级、负荷转供和切负荷措施中有功与无功是一体的、以及负荷转供、切负荷和投退无功补偿设备后满足电压预决策控制母线集中各个母线电压的增量大于等于相应母线电压的紧急控制启动门槛值与其电压安全稳定临界值之差的约束条件的01整数规划模型，通过求解01整数规划模型来计算电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施；
若能够得到最优解，则将与其中任一最优解相应的负荷转供措施、切负荷措施与投退无功补偿设备措施作为最新的电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施，并将电压预决策控制母线集和t0时刻作为最新的电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施所关联的电压预决策控制母线集和时刻tc，再返回步骤1)，否则返回步骤1)；
8)若最新的电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施已获得、且t0-tc小于等于设定的预决策紧急控制措施的有效时间，则对于最新的电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施所关联的电压预决策控制母线集与电压待控母线集的交集非空的情况，将最新的电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施直接实施，返回步骤1)，对于最新的电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施所关联的电压预决策控制母线集与电压待控母线集的交集是空集的情况，返回步骤1)；否则，返回步骤1)。
上述技术方案的进一步特征在于，在步骤4)中分别通过方程组(1)-(4)来表示从第1个采样时刻点开始，相邻的2个采样时刻点之间各个母线的电压变化量、负荷有功变化量、负荷及无功补偿设备总无功变化量与各个母线注入有功对母线电压的灵敏度、注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度以及电网中其它因素引起母线电压的变化量的关系，有功、无功都以流入母线为正：
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000004
其中，n为电压的同步测量信息中母线的个数，m为负荷的同步测量信息中母线的个数，M为无功的同步测量信息中母线的个数，在求解方程组(1)-(4)之前，需要将同步测量信息中所有负荷的母线排在前面，没有负荷、只有无功补偿设备的母线排在后面，v0.i、v1.i、v2.i、v3.i和v4.i分别为第1至第5个采样时刻点电压安全稳定监控设备集中第i个母线的电压，λP.i.j、λQ.i.j分别为电压安全稳定监控设备集中第j个母线的注入有功对第i个母线电压的灵敏度和注入无功对第i个母线电压的灵敏度，P0.j、P1.j、P2.j、P3.j和P4.j分别为第1至第5个采样时刻点电压安全稳定监控设备集中第j个母线同步测量信息中负荷的总有功，Q0.j、Q1.j、Q2.j、Q3.j和Q4.j分别为第1至第5个采样时刻点电压安全稳定监控设备集中第j个母线同步测量信息中负荷与无功补偿设备的总无功，ΔVi为电网中其它因素引起电压安全稳定监控设备集中第i个母线电压的变化量；
通过优化方法求解公式(5)来计算λP.i.j、λQ.i.j和ΔVi：
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000005
上述技术方案的进一步特征在于，在步骤7)中通过求解以公式(6)表示目标函数、以公式(7)表示约束条件的01整数规划模型，来计算电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施，有功、无功都以流入母线为正：
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000007
其中，R为母线负荷控制措施集中切除负荷支路的优先级数，Dr为母线负荷控制措施集中优先级为r的可切负荷支路数，r越大，优先级越高，越优先切除，xr.d取值为0或1，等于0表示不切除该负荷，等于1表示切除该负荷，当xr+1.d 等于0时，xr.d只能等于0，当xr+1.d等于1时，xr.d可以等于0，也可以等于1，PE.r.0.d、QE.r.0.d分别为t0时刻优先级为r的可切负荷支路中第d个负荷支路的有功和无功，Cr.0.d为t0时刻切除优先级为r的负荷支路中第d个负荷支路的控制代价，K为电压预决策控制母线集中母线数，
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000008
分别为优先级为r的可切负荷支路中第d个负荷支路所连接的电压安全稳定监控设备集中第k0个母线的注入有功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度和注入无功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度；
L为母线负荷控制措施集中可转供负荷支路数，
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000009
分别为其中第l个可转供负荷支路在转供前所连接的电压安全稳定监控设备集中第k1个母线的注入有功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度和注入无功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度，
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000010
分别为其中第l个可转供负荷支路在转供后所连接的电压安全稳定监控设备集中第k2个母线的注入有功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度和注入无功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度，PF.0.l、QF.0.l分别为t0时刻其中第l个可转供负荷支路的有功和无功，xl取值为0或1，等于0表示不转供该负荷支路，等于1表示转供该负荷支路；
A为母线无功补偿设备控制措施集中可切除的并联电抗器支路数，
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000011
为其中第a个并联电抗器所连接的电压安全稳定监控设备集中第k3个母线的注入无功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度，QG.0.a为t0时刻其中第a个并联电抗器切除的无功，ya取值为0或1，等于0表示不切除该并联电抗器支路，等于1表示切除该并联电抗器支路；
B为母线无功补偿设备控制措施集中可投入的并联电容器支路数，
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000012
为其中第b个并联电容器所连接的电压安全稳定监控设备集中第k4个母线的注入无功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度，QH.0.b为t0时刻其中第 b个并联电容器投入后的无功，采用并联电容器投入的容抗及相连的母线在t0时刻的电压来计算，zb取值为0或1，等于0表示不投入该并联电容器支路，等于1表示投入该并联电容器支路；
vs.k、vc.k分别为t0时刻电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线的电压安全稳定临界值和紧急控制启动门槛值。
本发明的有益效果如下：本发明提出了只基于实时汇集的母线电压和支路潮流同步测量数据，不依赖于电力系统其它厂站的运行方式，不依赖于电力系统模型和参数，与采用预先计算的控制策略表进行紧急控制的技术相比，提高了电压安全稳定紧急控制的可靠性。通过建立反映母线电压变化量与各个母线负荷有功和无功变化量之间的关联方程，依据各个母线负荷有功和无功对母线电压的灵敏度在短时间内变化不大的特性，采用优化方法联立求解反映实测运行轨迹的多个运行点之间关联关系的方程组，得到各个母线负荷有功和无功对母线电压的灵敏度，考虑负荷控制的优先级和代价，在可控的无功设备投切和负荷控制措施空间中，搜索满足各个母线电压安全稳定要求且控制代价最小的无功设备投切和负荷控制措施，与基于就地量控制的技术相比，降低了电压安全稳定紧急控制的代价，提高了控制精度。本发明依据实时检测到的母线电压低于其电压安全稳定紧急控制启动门槛值，再通过对预决策控制措施的适应性校核后，对电力系统实施紧急控制，较好地实现可靠性和实时性之间的平衡。总之，本发明提高了电压安全稳定紧急控制的可靠性、实时性和精度的综合性能，可实现防止电压失去安全稳定的协调优化紧急控制。
附图说明
图1为本发明方法的步骤1至步骤6的流程图。
图2为本发明方法的步骤7至步骤8的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图并结合实例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
图1中步骤1描述的是，汇集基于同步测量的电压安全稳定监控设备集中所有母线的电压和支路潮流信息，并按设定的采样存储周期T0存储这些信息，得到包括最新同步测量时刻t0信息在内的实测历史信息，进入步骤2)。步骤1)的目的是用于获取新的同步测量信息，以备下述步骤进行控制决策计算。其中，T0可设置为0.02s。
图1中步骤2描述的是，若汇集的t0时刻的电压安全稳定监控设备集中所有母线的电压都分别大于等于相应母线电压控制的计算启动门槛值或其中至少有1个母线的电压小于等于相应母线电压的故障状态门槛值(通常可设置为0.6p.u)，则返回步骤1)；若汇集的t0时刻的电压安全稳定监控设备集中所有母线的电压都分别大于等于相应母线电压的紧急控制启动门槛值且其中至少有1个母线的电压小于相应母线电压控制的计算启动门槛值，则进入步骤3)；若汇集的t0时刻的电压安全稳定监控设备集中所有母线的电压都分别大于相应母线电压的故障状态门槛值且其中至少有1个母线的电压小于相应母线电压的紧急控制启动门槛值，则将电压小于相应母线电压的紧急控制启动门槛值的母线过滤出来，构成电压待控母线集，进入步骤8)。
所述母线电压控制的计算启动门槛值大于相应母线电压的紧急控制启动门槛值，母线电压的紧急控制启动门槛值大于相应母线电压的安全稳定临界值，母线电压的安全稳定临界值大于相应母线电压的故障状态门槛值；各个母线电压的安全稳定临界值可以通过离线分析整定，也可以通过在线计算整定。通常电压安全稳定监控设备集中第i个母线电压控制的计算启动门槛值可以设为1.09vs.i(其中vs.i为电压安全稳定监控设备集中第i个母线电压的安全稳定临界值)，紧急控制启动门槛值可以设为1.04vs.i，故障状态门槛值可以设为0.5vs.i。
图1中步骤3描述的是，若汇集的实测历史信息所对应的时间长度T与设定的灵敏度计算采样周期Ts之比小于4，则返回步骤1)，否则，将t0时刻作为第1个采样时刻点，以Ts对实测历史信息进行采样，使得第2个采样时刻点为t0-Ts时刻，第3个采样时刻点为t0-2Ts时刻，第4个采样时刻点为t0-3Ts时刻，第5个采样时刻点为t0-4Ts时刻，进入步骤4)。
其中，Ts设置为实测历史信息的采样存储周期T0的整数倍，通常可将Ts设置为2T0；
图1中步骤4描述的是，基于相邻的两个采样时刻点的母线电压和支路潮流同步测量信息，建立反映两个采样时刻点之间各个母线的电压变化量、负荷有功变化量、负荷及无功补偿设备总无功变化量与各个母线注入有功对母线电压的灵敏度、注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度以及电网中其它因素引起母线电压的变化量的关联方程组，将各个母线注入有功对母线电压的灵敏度和注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度，以及在Ts内电网中其它因素引起母线电压的变化量作为变量，并假设在不同的两个相邻采样时刻点的关联方程组中，这些变量是相同的，采用优化方法联立求解4个反映相邻的两个采样时刻点运行状态之间关系的关联方程组，若有最优解且是唯一解，则将最优解作为相应的变量的最新解，并将t0时刻作为最新解所关联的时刻tr，进入步骤5)，否则，进入步骤5)。
在步骤4)中分别通过方程组(1)-(4)来表示从第1个采样时刻点开始，相邻的2个采样时刻点之间各个母线的电压变化量、负荷有功变化量、负荷及无功补偿设备总无功变化量与各个母线注入有功对母线电压的灵敏度、注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度以及电网中其它因素引起母线电压的变化量的关系，有功、无功都以流入母线为正：
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000016
其中，n为电压的同步测量信息中母线的个数，m为负荷的同步测量信息中母线的个数，M为无功的同步测量信息中母线的个数，在求解方程组(1)-(4)之前，需要将同步测量信息中所有负荷的母线排在前面，没有负荷、只有无功补偿设备的母线排在后面，v0.i、v1.i、v2.i、v3.i和v4.i分别为第1至第5个采样时刻点电压安全稳定监控设备集中第i个母线的电压，λP.i.j、λQ.i.j分别为电压安全稳定监控设备集中第j个母线的注入有功对第i个母线电压的灵敏度和注入无功对第i个母线电压的灵敏度，P0.j、P1.j、P2.j、P3.j和P4.j分别为第1至第5个采样时刻点电压安全稳定监控设备集中第j个母线同步测量信息中负荷的总有功，Q0.j、Q1.j、Q2.j、Q3.j和Q4.j分别为第1至第5个采样时刻点电压安全稳定监控设备集中第j个母线同步测量信息中负荷与无功补偿设备的总无功，ΔVi为电网中其它因 素引起电压安全稳定监控设备集中第i个母线电压的变化量。
通过优化方法求解公式(5)来计算λP.i.j(其中，i＝1，2，…，n；j＝1，2，…，m)、λQ.i.j(其中，i＝1，2，…，n；j＝1，2，…，M)和ΔVi(其中，i＝1，2，…，n)。
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000017
图1中步骤5描述的是，若各个母线注入有功对母线电压的灵敏度和注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度，以及在Ts内电网中其它因素引起母线电压的变化量的解已获得、且t0-tr小于等于设定的灵敏度有效时间(通常可设为0.3s)，则将汇集的t0时刻的所有母线中电压小于相应母线电压的预决策控制门槛值的母线过滤出来，构成电压预决策控制母线集，对于电压预决策控制母线集非空的情况，进入步骤6)，对于电压预决策控制母线集为空的情况，返回步骤1)；否则，返回步骤1)。
所述母线电压的预决策控制门槛值大于相应母线电压的紧急控制启动门槛值，通常电压安全稳定监控设备集中第i个母线电压的预决策控制门槛值可以设为1.06vs.i(其中vs.i为电压安全稳定监控设备集中第i个母线电压的安全稳定临界值)。
图1中步骤6描述的是，将母线注入有功对母线电压的灵敏度大于设置的 母线注入有功对母线电压的灵敏度门槛值且可控的母线负荷过滤出来，构成母线负荷控制措施集，将母线注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度大于设置的母线注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度门槛值且可控的母线负荷过滤出来，加入到母线负荷控制措施集，将母线注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度大于设置的母线注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度门槛值且可切除的母线并联电抗器和可投入的母线并联电容器过滤出来，构成母线无功补偿设备控制措施集，若母线负荷控制措施集非空或母线无功补偿设备控制措施集非空，进入步骤7)，否则，返回步骤1)。
所述可控的母线负荷是指连接到该母线的可控的负荷支路。
图1中步骤7描述的是，建立以切负荷的控制代价最小为目标函数，考虑不同切负荷措施的控制优先级、负荷转供和切负荷措施中有功与无功是一体的、以及负荷转供、切负荷和投退无功补偿设备后满足电压预决策控制母线集中各个母线电压的增量大于等于相应母线电压的紧急控制启动门槛值与其电压安全稳定临界值之差的约束条件的01整数规划模型，通过求解01整数规划模型来计算电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施，若能够得到最优解，则将与其中任一最优解相应的负荷转供措施、切负荷措施与投退无功补偿设备措施作为最新的电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施，并将电压预决策控制母线集和t0时刻作为最新的电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施所关联的电压预决策控制母线集和时刻tc，返回步骤1)，否则，返回步骤1)。
在步骤7)中通过求解以公式(6)表示目标函数、以公式(7)表示约束条件的01整数规划模型，来计算电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施，有功、无功都以流入母线为正：
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000018
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000019
其中，R为母线负荷控制措施集中切除负荷支路的优先级数，Dr为母线负荷控制措施集中优先级为r的可切负荷支路数，r越大，优先级越高，越优先切除，xr.d取值为0或1，等于0表示不切除该负荷，等于1表示切除该负荷，当xr+1.d等于0时，xr.d只能等于0，当xr+1.d等于1时，xr.d可以等于0，也可以等于1，PE.r.0.d、QE.r.0.d分别为t0时刻优先级为r的可切负荷支路中第d个负荷支路的有功和无功，Cr.0.d为t0时刻切除优先级为r的负荷支路中第d个负荷支路的控制代价，K为电压预决策控制母线集中母线数，
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000020
分别为优先级为r的可切负荷支路中第d个负荷支路所连接的电压安全稳定监控设备集中第k0个母线的注入有功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度和注入无功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度；
L为母线负荷控制措施集中可转供负荷支路数，
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000021
分别为其中第l个可转供负荷支路在转供前所连接的电压安全稳定监控设备集中第k1个母线的注入有功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度和注入无功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度，
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000022
分别为其中第l个可转供负荷支路在转供后所连接的电压安全稳定监控设备集中第k2个母线的注入 有功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度和注入无功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度，PF.0.l、QF.0.l分别为t0时刻其中第l个可转供负荷支路的有功和无功，xl取值为0或1，等于0表示不转供该负荷支路，等于1表示转供该负荷支路；
A为母线无功补偿设备控制措施集中可切除的并联电抗器支路数，
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000023
为其中第a个并联电抗器所连接的电压安全稳定监控设备集中第k3个母线的注入无功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度，QG.0.a为t0时刻其中第a个并联电抗器切除的无功，ya取值为0或1，等于0表示不切除该并联电抗器支路，等于1表示切除该并联电抗器支路；
B为母线无功补偿设备控制措施集中可投入的并联电容器支路数，
Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-000024
为其中第b个并联电容器所连接的电压安全稳定监控设备集中第k4个母线的注入无功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度，QH.0.b为t0时刻其中第b个并联电容器投入后的无功，采用并联电容器投入的容抗及相连的母线在t0时刻的电压来计算，zb取值为0或1，等于0表示不投入该并联电容器支路，等于1表示投入该并联电容器支路；
vs.k、vc.k分别为t0时刻电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线的电压安全稳定临界值和紧急控制启动门槛值。
图1中步骤8描述的是，若最新的电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施已获得、且t0-tc小于等于设定的预决策紧急控制措施的有效时间(通常可设为0.3s)，则对于最新的电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施所关联的电压预决策控制母线集与电压待控母线集的交集非空的情况，将最新的电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施直接实施，返回步骤1)，对于最新的电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施所关联的电压预决策控制母线集与电压待控母线集的交集是空集的情况，返回 步骤1)；否则，返回步骤1)。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上，但实施例并不是用来限定本发明的。在不脱离本发明之精神和范围内，所做的任何等效变化或润饰，同样属于本发明之保护范围。因此本发明的保护范围应当以本申请的权利要求所界定的内容为标准。

Claims (3)

  1. 基于同步测量信息的电压安全稳定自适应紧急控制方法，其特征在于：
    1)汇集基于同步测量的电压安全稳定监控设备集中所有母线的电压和支路潮流信息，并按设定的采样存储周期T0存储这些信息，得到包括最新同步测量时刻t0信息在内的实测历史信息，进入步骤2)；
    2)若汇集的t0时刻的电压安全稳定监控设备集中所有母线的电压都分别大于等于相应母线电压控制的计算启动门槛值或其中至少有1个母线的电压小于等于相应母线电压的故障状态门槛值，则返回步骤1)；若汇集的t0时刻的电压安全稳定监控设备集中所有母线的电压都分别大于等于相应母线电压的紧急控制启动门槛值且其中至少有1个母线的电压小于相应母线电压控制的计算启动门槛值，则进入步骤3)；若汇集的t0时刻的电压安全稳定监控设备集中所有母线的电压都分别大于相应母线电压的故障状态门槛值且其中至少有1个母线的电压小于相应母线电压的紧急控制启动门槛值，则将电压小于相应母线电压的紧急控制启动门槛值的母线过滤出来，构成电压待控母线集，进入步骤8)；
    所述母线电压控制的计算启动门槛值大于相应母线电压的紧急控制启动门槛值，母线电压的紧急控制启动门槛值大于相应母线电压的安全稳定临界值，母线电压的安全稳定临界值大于相应母线电压的故障状态门槛值；
    3)若汇集的实测历史信息所对应的时间长度T与设定的灵敏度计算采样周期Ts之比小于4，则返回步骤1)，否则将t0时刻作为第1个采样时刻点，以Ts对实测历史信息进行采样，使得第2个采样时刻点为t0-Ts时刻，第3个采样时刻点为t0-2Ts时刻，第4个采样时刻点为t0-3Ts时刻，第5个采样时刻点为t0-4Ts时刻，进入步骤4)；
    其中，Ts设置为实测历史信息的采样存储周期T0的整数倍；
    4)基于相邻的两个采样时刻点的母线电压和支路潮流同步测量信息，建立反映两个采样时刻点之间各个母线的电压变化量、负荷有功变化量、负荷及无功补偿设备总无功变化量与各个母线注入有功对母线电压的灵敏度、注入无功 对母线电压的灵敏度以及电网中其它因素引起母线电压的变化量的关联方程组，将各个母线注入有功对母线电压的灵敏度和注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度，以及在Ts内电网中其它因素引起母线电压的变化量作为变量，并假设在不同的两个相邻采样时刻点的关联方程组中，这些变量是相同的，采用优化方法联立求解4个反映相邻的两个采样时刻点运行状态之间关系的关联方程组；若有最优解且是唯一解，则将最优解作为相应的变量的最新解，并将t0时刻作为最新解所关联的时刻tr，进入步骤5)，否则，进入步骤5)；
    5)若各个母线注入有功对母线电压的灵敏度和注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度，以及在Ts内电网中其它因素引起母线电压的变化量的解已获得、且t0-tr小于等于设定的灵敏度有效时间，则将汇集的t0时刻的所有母线中电压小于相应母线电压的预决策控制门槛值的母线过滤出来，构成电压预决策控制母线集，对于电压预决策控制母线集非空的情况，进入步骤6)，对于电压预决策控制母线集为空的情况，返回步骤1)；
    否则，返回步骤1)；
    所述母线电压的预决策控制门槛值大于相应母线电压的紧急控制启动门槛值；
    6)将母线注入有功对母线电压的灵敏度大于设置的母线注入有功对母线电压的灵敏度门槛值且可控的母线负荷过滤出来，构成母线负荷控制措施集，将母线注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度大于设置的母线注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度门槛值且可控的母线负荷过滤出来，加入到母线负荷控制措施集，将母线注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度大于设置的母线注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度门槛值且可切除的母线并联电抗器和可投入的母线并联电容器过滤出来，构成母线无功补偿设备控制措施集，若母线负荷控制措施集非空或母线无功补偿设备控制措施集非空，进入步骤7)，否则，返回步骤1)；
    所述可控的母线负荷是指连接到该母线的可控的负荷支路；
    7)建立以切负荷的控制代价最小为目标函数，考虑不同切负荷措施的控制优先级、负荷转供和切负荷措施中有功与无功是一体的、以及负荷转供、切负荷和投退无功补偿设备后满足电压预决策控制母线集中各个母线电压的增量大于等于相应母线电压的紧急控制启动门槛值与其电压安全稳定临界值之差的约束条件的01整数规划模型，通过求解01整数规划模型来计算电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施；
    若能够得到最优解，则将与其中任一最优解相应的负荷转供措施、切负荷措施与投退无功补偿设备措施作为最新的电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施，并将电压预决策控制母线集和t0时刻作为最新的电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施所关联的电压预决策控制母线集和时刻tc，再返回步骤1)，否则返回步骤1)；
    8)若最新的电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施已获得、且t0-tc小于等于设定的预决策紧急控制措施的有效时间，则对于最新的电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施所关联的电压预决策控制母线集与电压待控母线集的交集非空的情况，将最新的电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施直接实施，返回步骤1)，对于最新的电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施所关联的电压预决策控制母线集与电压待控母线集的交集是空集的情况，返回步骤1)；
    否则，返回步骤1)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于同步测量信息的电压安全稳定自适应紧急控制方法，其特征在于，在步骤4)中分别通过方程组(1)-(4)来表示从第1个采样时刻点开始，相邻的2个采样时刻点之间各个母线的电压变化量、负荷有功变化量、负荷及无功补偿设备总无功变化量与各个母线注入有功对母线电压的灵敏度、注入无功对母线电压的灵敏度以及电网中其它因素引起母线电压的变化量的关系，有功、无功都以流入母线为正：
    Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-100004
    其中，n为电压的同步测量信息中母线的个数，m为负荷的同步测量信息中母线的个数，M为无功的同步测量信息中母线的个数，在求解方程组(1)-(4)之前，需要将同步测量信息中所有负荷的母线排在前面，没有负荷、只有无功补偿设备的母线排在后面，v0.i、v1.i、v2.i、v3.i和v4.i分别为第1至第5个采样时刻点电压安全稳定监控设备集中第i个母线的电压，λP.i.j、λQ.i.j分别为电压安全稳定监控设备集中第j个母线的注入有功对第i个母线电压的灵敏度和注入无功对第i个母线电压的灵敏度，P0.j、P1.j、P2.j、P3.j和P4.j分别为第1至第5个采样时刻点电压安全稳定监控设备集中第j个母线同步测量信息中负荷的总有功，Q0.j、Q1.j、Q2.j、Q3.j和Q4.j分别为第1至第5个采样时刻点电压安全稳定监控设备集中第j个母线同步测量信息中负荷与无功补偿设备的总无功，△Vi为电网中其它因素引起电压安全稳定监控设备集中第i个母线电压的变化量；
    通过优化方法求解公式(5)来计算λP.i.j、λQ.i.j和△Vi：
    Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-100005
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于同步测量信息的电压安全稳定自适应紧急控制方法，其特征在于，在步骤7)中通过求解以公式(6)表示目标函数、以公式(7)表示约束条件的01整数规划模型，来计算电压安全稳定预决策紧急控制措施，有功、无功都以流入母线为正：
    Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-100006
    Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-100007
    其中，R为母线负荷控制措施集中切除负荷支路的优先级数，Dr为母线负 荷控制措施集中优先级为r的可切负荷支路数，r越大，优先级越高，越优先切除，xr.d取值为0或1，等于0表示不切除该负荷，等于1表示切除该负荷，当xr+1.d等于0时，xr.d只能等于0，当xr+1.d等于1时，xr.d可以等于0，也可以等于1，PE.r.0.d、QE.r.0.d分别为t0时刻优先级为r的可切负荷支路中第d个负荷支路的有功和无功，Cr.0.d为t0时刻切除优先级为r的负荷支路中第d个负荷支路的控制代价，K为电压预决策控制母线集中母线数，
    Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-100008
    分别为优先级为r的可切负荷支路中第d个负荷支路所连接的电压安全稳定监控设备集中第k0个母线的注入有功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度和注入无功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度；
    L为母线负荷控制措施集中可转供负荷支路数，
    Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-100009
    分别为其中第l个可转供负荷支路在转供前所连接的电压安全稳定监控设备集中第k1个母线的注入有功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度和注入无功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度，
    Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-100010
    分别为其中第l个可转供负荷支路在转供后所连接的电压安全稳定监控设备集中第k2个母线的注入有功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度和注入无功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度，PF.0.l、QF.0.l分别为t0时刻其中第l个可转供负荷支路的有功和无功，xl取值为0或1，等于0表示不转供该负荷支路，等于1表示转供该负荷支路；
    A为母线无功补偿设备控制措施集中可切除的并联电抗器支路数，
    Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-100011
    为其中第a个并联电抗器所连接的电压安全稳定监控设备集中第k3个母线的注入无功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度，QG.0.a为t0时刻其中第a个并联电抗器切除的无功，ya取值为0或1，等于0表示不切除该并联电抗器支路，等于1表示切除该并联电抗器支路；
    B为母线无功补偿设备控制措施集中可投入的并联电容器支路数，
    Figure PCTCN2014089402-appb-100012
    为 其中第b个并联电容器所连接的电压安全稳定监控设备集中第k4个母线的注入无功对电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线电压的灵敏度，QH.0.b为t0时刻其中第b个并联电容器投入后的无功，采用并联电容器投入的容抗及相连的母线在t0时刻的电压来计算，zb取值为0或1，等于0表示不投入该并联电容器支路，等于1表示投入该并联电容器支路；
    vs.k、vc.k分别为t0时刻电压预决策控制母线集中第k个母线的电压安全稳定临界值和紧急控制启动门槛值。
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