WO2015081758A1 - A high-power optical fiber head, collimator, isolator and frequency combiner - Google Patents

A high-power optical fiber head, collimator, isolator and frequency combiner Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015081758A1
WO2015081758A1 PCT/CN2014/088938 CN2014088938W WO2015081758A1 WO 2015081758 A1 WO2015081758 A1 WO 2015081758A1 CN 2014088938 W CN2014088938 W CN 2014088938W WO 2015081758 A1 WO2015081758 A1 WO 2015081758A1
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Prior art keywords
fiber
power
collimator
matching liquid
light
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PCT/CN2014/088938
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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方强
方笑尘
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方强
方笑尘
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Publication of WO2015081758A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015081758A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4296—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements coupling with sources of high radiant energy, e.g. high power lasers, high temperature light sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/262—Optical details of coupling light into, or out of, or between fibre ends, e.g. special fibre end shapes or associated optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
    • G02B6/4207—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms with optical elements reducing the sensitivity to optical feedback
    • G02B6/4208—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms with optical elements reducing the sensitivity to optical feedback using non-reciprocal elements or birefringent plates, i.e. quasi-isolators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
    • G02B6/4212—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical element being a coupling medium interposed therebetween, e.g. epoxy resin, refractive index matching material, index grease, matching liquid or gel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4249—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details comprising arrays of active devices and fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fiber optic passive device, in particular to a group of high power fiber passive components, including a high power fiber head, a high power fiber collimator, a high power fiber isolator and a high power frequency domain combiner, which can be widely applied.
  • High-power optical passive devices are functionally identical to low-power devices except for the high optical power they carry.
  • High-power optical passive components mainly include high-power fiber optic heads, high-power fiber collimators, high-power fiber optic isolators, and high-power fiber-frequency frequency domain combiners.
  • a high-power fiber-optic head is a fiber-optic output head that can withstand high power.
  • a high power fiber collimator is a device that converts light transmitted in an optical fiber into parallel light transmitted in free space.
  • High-power isolators are devices that only allow high-power light transmitted in the fiber to travel in one direction.
  • a high-power frequency domain combiner is a device that combines high-power light of different wavelengths into one fiber.
  • the threshold power intensity of the fiber is very high, the threshold power intensity at the fiber end face and the air interface is much lower, so in the high power fiber passive device, the end face of the fiber is most susceptible to damage.
  • the coating technology of fiber end faces is increasingly difficult to meet the power density requirements of devices, so In the sense, the core of high-power passive device technology is to solve the problem of fiber end face damage.
  • a fiber-free or large-core fiber is usually welded on the end face of the fiber, and the power density on the end face of the fiber is reduced by expanding the beam.
  • This coreless or large-core fiber is called For the fiber end cap.
  • the fiber end face can be subjected to large optical power after being processed by the fiber end cap, and the collimator, the isolator and the frequency domain combiner manufactured by the fiber end cap processed by the fiber end cap can work in a certain power range.
  • professional equipment is required for manufacturing, and manufacturing is difficult.
  • the optical power increases, the temperature at the end of the fiber will increase greatly, and the damage of the fiber end face cannot be fundamentally solved, which may result in damage of the corresponding fiber end face, collimator, isolator and frequency domain combiner.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an optical fiber end face processing solution capable of solving high power damage of an optical fiber end face, and a high power optical fiber head, a high power optical fiber collimator, a high power optical fiber isolator, and a high power optical fiber frequency domain based on the solution.
  • the combiner at the same time, reduces the manufacturing cost of these devices.
  • the high-power fiber head is composed of N (N is greater than or equal to 1) fiber, glass plate, casing, matching liquid and matching liquid circulation device, wherein: N fiber ends are optically bonded in parallel and pass through the shell
  • the hole seal on the body is disposed on the casing, the N fiber end faces are ground into a plane, and the plane normal is at an angle with the fiber axis;
  • the glass plate is sealed and fixed on the casing and disposed at a region intersecting the optical axis of the fiber a matching liquid is disposed in an area between the end of the optical fiber in the casing and the glass plate;
  • the matching liquid circulation device is internally provided with matching liquid, which is located outside the casing, and passes through the hole and the shell disposed on the casing near the matching liquid setting area The matching solution inside the body is circulated.
  • the high-power fiber collimator is composed of N (N is greater than or equal to 1) fibers, a glass plate, a casing, a matching liquid, a matching liquid circulation device, and a lens, wherein: the optical ends of the N fibers are bonded in parallel, And the hole is sealed on the casing through the hole in the casing, the end faces of the N fibers are ground into a plane, and the plane normal is at an angle with the axis of the fiber; the glass plate is dense
  • the sealing member is fixed on a hole disposed at a region of the housing intersecting the optical axis of the optical fiber;
  • the matching liquid is disposed in an area between the end of the optical fiber in the housing and the glass plate;
  • the matching liquid circulating device is internally provided with matching liquid, and is located outside the housing It circulates through the hole on the casing close to the matching liquid setting area and the matching liquid inside the casing; the lens is disposed outside the casing near the glass plate, and the light emitted by each optical fiber through the matching
  • the high-power fiber collimator is composed of N (N is greater than or equal to 1) fiber, lens, housing, matching liquid and matching liquid circulation device, wherein: N fiber ends are optically bonded in parallel and pass through
  • the hole seal on the casing is disposed on the casing, the N fiber end faces are ground to a plane, and the plane normal is at an angle with the fiber axis;
  • the lens seal is fixed on the casing and is disposed at a region intersecting the optical fiber axis a matching liquid is disposed in an area between the end of the fiber in the housing and the lens;
  • the matching liquid circulation device is internally provided with a matching liquid, which is located outside the housing, and passes through the hole and the casing disposed on the housing near the matching liquid setting area
  • the internal matching solution is circulated; the light output from each of the fibers is output to the free space in the form of parallel light through the matching liquid and the lens, or the parallel light from the free space is coupled to the corresponding fiber by the lens through the matching liquid.
  • the high-power fiber isolator consists of an input high-power collimator, a separator and an output high-power collimator, wherein the isolator is located between the high-power input collimator and the high-power output collimator, and the input is large. Light from the power collimator fiber passes through the isolator and is coupled to the fiber that outputs the high power collimator.
  • a high-power fiber-frequency frequency domain combiner consisting of N (N greater than or equal to 2) input single-tailed fiber collimators, (N-1) filters, and an output single-tailed fiber collimator, wherein: N The input single-tailed high-power collimator outputs N different wavelengths of collimated light ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ..., ⁇ N , the first single-tailed fiber high-power collimator and the second single-tail fiber high power
  • the light transmission direction of the collimator is at an angle, and a first filter is arranged at the intersection of the two beams, the filter transmits the light of the wavelength ⁇ 1 , and the light of ⁇ 2 is reflected and synthesized into a light beam ( ⁇ ) 1 + ⁇ 2 ), continuing to travel in the direction of ⁇ 1 ; a second filter is placed at the intersection of the beam and the light ⁇ 3 emitted by the third single pigtail collimator, the filter making the beam ( ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 2 ) transmission, reflecting
  • the high-power fiber-frequency frequency domain combiner consists of N (N greater than or equal to 2) pigtail fiber input high-power collimator, diffraction grating and single-tail fiber output high-power collimator, wherein: N-tail fiber input high-power collimation N different wavelengths of parallel light emitted by the device are irradiated on the diffraction grating, and are diffracted by the diffraction grating to form a bundle of parallel light, which is coupled into a single pigtail output high-power collimator.
  • the high-power fiber frequency domain combiner consists of a double-tailed high-power collimator, a filter and a single-tailed high-power collimator, among which: a double-tailed high-power collimator, a filter and a single-tail fiber high-power
  • the collimator is arranged in sequence; one fiber in the double-tailed high-power collimator is the incident fiber, and the other fiber is the outgoing fiber, and the parallel light of a certain wavelength emitted by the incident fiber is irradiated onto the filter, and is reflected.
  • the high-power fiber isolator consists of an input high-power collimator, a separator and an output high-power collimator, wherein the isolator is located between the high-power input collimator and the high-power output collimator, and the input is large. Light from the power collimator fiber passes through the isolator and is coupled to the fiber that outputs the high power collimator.
  • a high-power fiber-frequency frequency domain combiner consisting of N (N greater than or equal to 2) input single-tailed fiber collimators, (N-1) filters, and an output single-tailed fiber collimator, wherein: N The input single-tailed high-power collimator outputs N different wavelengths of collimated light ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ..., ⁇ N , the first single-tailed fiber high-power collimator and the second single-tail fiber high power
  • the light transmission direction of the collimator is at an angle, and a first filter is arranged at the intersection of the two beams, the filter transmits the light of the wavelength ⁇ 1 , and the light of ⁇ 2 is reflected and synthesized into a light beam ( ⁇ ) 1 + ⁇ 2 ), continuing to travel in the direction of ⁇ 1 ; a second filter is placed at the intersection of the beam and the light ⁇ 3 from the third single-fiber collimator, the filter making the beam ( ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 2 ) transmission, reflecting ⁇ 3
  • the high-power fiber-frequency frequency domain combiner consists of N (N greater than or equal to 2) pigtail fiber input high-power collimator, diffraction grating and single-tail fiber output high-power collimator, wherein: N-tail fiber input high-power collimation N different wavelengths of parallel light emitted by the device are irradiated on the diffraction grating, and the diffraction grating is diffracted and combined into a bundle of parallel light, which is coupled to a single pigtail output high-power collimator. .
  • the high-power fiber frequency domain combiner consists of a double-tailed high-power collimator, a filter and a single-tailed high-power collimator, among which: a double-tailed high-power collimator, a filter and a single-tail fiber high-power
  • the collimator is arranged in sequence; one fiber in the double-tailed high-power collimator is the incident fiber, and the other fiber is the outgoing fiber, and the parallel light of a certain wavelength emitted by the incident fiber is irradiated onto the filter, and is reflected.
  • the effect of the invention is that it can provide high power fiber heads with high power, reliable operation and low cost, high power fiber collimators, high power fiber isolators and high power fiber frequency domain combiners.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a high power optical fiber head according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a first high power fiber collimator according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second high power fiber collimator according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a high power fiber isolator according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first high power fiber frequency domain combiner according to the present invention.
  • 6A and 6B are respectively schematic diagrams showing two structures of a second high-power optical fiber frequency domain combiner according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a third high power fiber frequency domain combiner according to the present invention.
  • the core of the invention is to solve the problem of the loss of the end face of the fiber by the flow matching solution, and solve the heat problem caused by the end face loss light, thereby fundamentally eliminating the physical incentive of the fiber end face damage under high power, and stabilizing the high power fiber device. Reliable work is possible.
  • the principles of various high power fiber optic devices proposed by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a high power optical fiber head according to the present invention. It consists of N (N is greater than or equal to 1) fiber 2, glass plate 3, housing 1, matching liquid 4 and matching liquid circulation device 5, wherein: the optical ends of N fiber ends indicated by 2 are bonded in parallel Together, and fixed to the casing 1 through the hole in the casing, the end faces of the N optical fibers 2 are ground to a plane, and the plane normal is at an angle with the axis of the optical fiber; the glass plate 3 is sealed and fixed to the casing 1 a hole provided at an intersection with the optical axis of the optical fiber; the matching liquid 4 is filled in a region between the end of the optical fiber in the casing and the glass plate; the matching liquid circulation device 5 is internally provided with a matching liquid, which is located outside the casing 1, The hole provided in the casing 1 near the matching liquid setting area is circulated with the matching liquid inside the casing 1.
  • the matching solution reduces the loss caused by the Snell's reflection, and the fiber end face angle allows the Snell's reflection to leak out of the fiber and suppress the echo.
  • the structure greatly reduces the optical power density of the exit surface of the glass sheet, and the flowing matching liquid controls the temperature of the entire device. In combination, the possibility of damage of the high power laser to the film on the exit surface of the glass sheet is greatly reduced, and the The fiber optic head operates in a high power state for a long time.
  • the fiber may be a multi-mode fiber, a single-clad large mode field fiber, a double-clad fiber, or a variety of special fibers.
  • the flow of the matching solution can be achieved by a pump, and in order to control the temperature, the temperature and flow control of the matching liquid can also be performed.
  • High-power fiber optic heads are the basic components in high-power fiber optic passive devices, and we can see concrete examples in the various devices that follow.
  • high power fiber optic heads can be used directly as output terminals for fiber amplifiers, fiber lasers, and semiconductor direct coupled lasers.
  • the multi-tailed high-power fiber head can be used directly as a composite output of multiple lasers. The quality of the combined beam output from this application is much better than that of multiple lasers that traditionally use fiber caps.
  • N is greater than or equal to 1
  • fiber 2 glass plate 3
  • matching liquid 4 matching liquid circulation device 5 and lens 6
  • the N fiber ends of the optical axis indicated by 1 are parallel Bonded together, and sealed through the hole in the casing 1 on the casing 1, the N fiber end faces are ground into a plane, and the plane normal is at an angle with the fiber axis;
  • the glass plate 3 is sealed and fixed at a hole is provided in the housing 1 at a region intersecting the optical axis of the optical fiber;
  • the matching liquid 4 fills the region between the end face of the optical fiber 2 and the glass plate 3 in the casing 1;
  • the matching liquid circulation device 5 is internally provided with matching liquid, and is located Outside the casing 1, it circulates through the hole provided on the casing 1 near the matching liquid setting area and the matching liquid inside the casing 1;
  • the lens 6 is disposed outside the casing near the glass plate, and each fiber is passed through The light that
  • the light output from the fiber is usually converted into parallel light and then processed, so the collimator is the basis of other passive components.
  • the collimator proposed by the invention is actually developed on the basis of the high power fiber head proposed in the present invention, and the conversion of light and parallel light in the optical fiber is completed by adding a lens.
  • the idea of solving the problem is the same as that of the fiber optic head, and will not be described again.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second high power fiber collimator according to the present invention. It consists of N (N is greater than or equal to 1) fiber 2, lens 6, housing 1, matching liquid 4 and matching liquid circulation device 5, wherein: N fiber 2 end
  • N fiber 2 end The optical axes are bonded together in parallel and are sealed on the casing 1 through holes in the casing 1.
  • the N fiber ends are ground to a plane, and the plane normal is at an angle to the fiber axis; the lens 6 is sealed.
  • the matching liquid 4 is filled in the housing between the end face of the optical fiber and the lens;
  • the matching liquid circulation device 5 is internally provided with matching liquid, and is located in the housing 1 Externally, it circulates through the hole provided in the casing 1 near the matching liquid setting area and the matching liquid inside the casing 1.
  • light output from each of the two optical fibers passes through the matching liquid 4 and the lens 6 and is output as parallel light to the free space, or parallel light from the free space is passed through the matching liquid 4 by the lens 6. Coupled into the corresponding fiber in 2.
  • the high-power collimator is formed by replacing the glass plate in the high-power fiber head proposed by the present invention with a lens.
  • the structure is simpler.
  • the fiber end face and the surface of the lens that is in contact with the matching liquid do not need to be coated, and the matching liquid reduces the loss caused by the Snell reflection.
  • the fiber end angle can cause the Snell reflection to leak out of the fiber and suppress the echo.
  • the structure greatly reduces the optical power density of the exit surface of the lens, and the flowing matching liquid controls the temperature of the entire device. In combination, the probability of damage of the high power laser to the film on the exit surface of the lens can be greatly reduced, and the optical fiber can be made
  • the straightener works in a high power state for a long time.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a high power optical fiber isolator according to the present invention. It consists of an input high power collimator 71(1), a separator 8 and an output high power collimator 71(2), wherein the isolator 8 is located at the high power input collimator 71(1) and high power. Between the output collimators 71(2), the light from the fiber input into the high power collimator 71(1) passes through the isolator 8 and is coupled to the fiber of the output high power collimator 71(2).
  • High-power fiber collimators are mainly used in fiber lasers so that light on the entire optical transmission link cannot be fed into the cavity.
  • the high power fiber collimator can adopt either the structure shown in FIG. 2 or the structure shown in FIG. Isolators are available in a variety of forms and are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described here.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first high power fiber frequency domain combiner according to the present invention. It consists of N (N is greater than or equal to 2) input single pigtail collimator, (N-1) filter and 1 output single pigtail collimator, wherein: N input single pigtail high power collimation
  • the controller outputs N different wavelengths of collimated light ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ..., ⁇ N , the first single-tailed fiber high-power collimator 71 (1) and the second single-tailed fiber high-power collimator 71 (2)
  • the emitted light transmission direction is at a certain angle, and a first filter 7B(1) is disposed at the intersection of the two beams, the filter transmits the light of the wavelength ⁇ 1 , and the light of ⁇ 2 is reflected and synthesized.
  • a second filter 7B is placed at the intersection of the beam with the light ⁇ 3 emitted by the third single pigtail collimator 71 (3) (2)
  • the filter transmits the beam ( ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 2 ), reflects ⁇ 3 , and combines the two beams into a beam ( ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 2 + ⁇ 3 ), and so on, by the (N- 1)
  • the light output from the filter 7B (N-1) is ( ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 2 + ... + ⁇ N ), and its propagation direction is the same as the direction of ⁇ 1 , and the beam is outputted through a single-tailed high-power collimator.
  • 71 (N+1) is coupled into the fiber of the output collimator to achieve frequency domain combining.
  • the high power fiber frequency domain combiner is used in the frequency domain combining of the output light of the high power laser.
  • the high-power fiber collimator used therein can adopt either the structure shown in FIG. 2 or the structure shown in FIG.
  • the filter used may be a film type filter or a body grating type filter. The specific form of these filters is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second high power optical fiber frequency domain combiner according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6A shows a reflection structure
  • FIG. 6B shows a transmission structure.
  • N different wavelengths of parallel light emitted by the N-tail fiber collimator 7N are irradiated onto the reflective diffraction grating 9, and the diffraction grating 9 diffracts the N-beam light in the same direction.
  • the parallel light is merged into the same fiber through a single pigtail collimator 71.
  • N wavelengths of parallel light having a certain angle emitted by the N pigtail collimator 7N are irradiated onto the transmission diffraction grating 9, and the transmission grating 9 diffracts the N beams into the same direction.
  • the parallel light is merged into the same fiber by a single pigtail collimator 71.
  • the N fibers in the collimator with N pigtails are arranged in one dimension, and the structure shown in FIG. 2 or the structure shown in FIG. 3 can be used.
  • the diffraction gratings used may be either blazed gratings or bulk gratings, which are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described again here.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a third high power fiber frequency domain combiner according to the present invention.
  • the utility model is composed of a double pigtail high power collimator 72, a filter 7B and a single pigtail high power collimator 71, wherein: one fiber in the double pigtail high power collimator 72 is an incident fiber, and the other fiber is another fiber.
  • the parallel light of a certain wavelength emitted by the incident fiber is irradiated onto the filter 7B, and is reflected and coupled into the output fiber of the double-tailed high-power collimator 72;
  • the parallel light of another wavelength output by the straight unit 71 is irradiated onto the filter 7B, and is transmitted and coupled to the exit fiber of the twin pigtail high power collimator 72.
  • the twin-tailed collimator and the single-tailed fiber collimator can adopt either the structure shown in FIG. 2 or the structure shown in FIG.
  • the filter used is a thin film filter, which is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described here.
  • Example 1 We have fabricated a single-tail fiber optic head for fiber lasers and fiber amplifiers using the high power fiber tip scheme proposed by the present invention.
  • the fiber is a double-clad fiber with a core diameter of 20 ⁇ m, a numerical aperture of 0.08, an inner cladding diameter of 400 ⁇ m, a numerical aperture of 0.46, an optical fiber end face that is ground to an angle of 8 degrees, and a glass plate with a thickness of 1 mm.
  • the quartz plate has a high-strength film on the exit surface, and the distance between the glass plate and the matching liquid is about 5 mm.
  • the matching liquid can be a liquid having a refractive index close to that of quartz glass such as glycerin, turpentine, olive oil or water. This fiber tip can be used in fiber lasers larger than 1 kW.
  • Example 2 We fabricated a fiber optic head for a power combiner for fiber lasers and fiber amplifiers using the high power fiber tip scheme proposed by the present invention.
  • a simple method is to put the outputs of the fibers side by side.
  • the output fiber parameters of each laser are core diameter 20 ⁇ m, numerical aperture 0.08, inner cladding diameter 400 ⁇ m, numerical aperture 0.46, etched 4 fiber ends to 30 ⁇ m, arranged in a 60 ⁇ 60 ⁇ m square, and the end faces Grind into an 8 degree angle.
  • the glass plate is a quartz plate with a thickness of 1 mm, and the exit surface is plated with a high-strength film.
  • the distance between the glass plate and the matching liquid is about 10 mm.
  • the matching liquid can be made of glycerin, turpentine, olive oil or water with a refractive index close to that of quartz glass. liquid.
  • This fiber tip can be used in fiber lasers with a combined power of more than 5 kW.
  • Example 3 We made a collimator using the first high-power fiber collimator scheme proposed by the present invention.
  • the parameters are as follows: the fiber is a double-clad fiber with a core diameter of 20 ⁇ m, a numerical aperture of 0.08, and an inner cladding diameter. 400 micron, numerical aperture 0.46, the fiber end face is ground to 8 degrees; the glass plate is a quartz plate with a thickness of 1 mm, the exit surface is coated with a high-strength film, the distance between the glass plate and the matching liquid is about 5 mm, and the matching liquid can be used.
  • a liquid such as glycerin, turpentine, olive oil or water that has a refractive index close to that of quartz glass.
  • the focal length of the lens is 35 mm. This fiber collimator can be used in applications larger than 1 kW.
  • Example 4 We made a collimator using the second high-power fiber collimator scheme proposed by the present invention.
  • the parameters are as follows: the fiber adopts a single-clad large-mode field fiber with a core diameter of 20 ⁇ m and a numerical aperture of 0.08.
  • the cladding diameter is 125 microns, the fiber end face is ground to an angle of 8 degrees; the lens is made of quartz glass with a focal length of 10 mm, and the exit surface is coated with a high-strength film;
  • the matching solution can use refractive index and quartz such as glycerin, turpentine, olive oil or water. Glass close to the liquid.
  • This fiber collimator can be used in applications larger than 1 kW.
  • Example 5 We fabricated an isolator using the high power fiber optic isolator scheme proposed by the present invention.
  • the isolator uses the collimator given in Example 4, and the spacer uses two wedge angles plus one rotating piece. Its parameters are: insertion loss of 0.4dB, isolation of 50dB. Can be used in applications greater than 500 watts.
  • Example 6 We used the first high power fiber frequency domain combiner scheme proposed by the present invention to fabricate a combiner for combining the light output by three fiber lasers.
  • the collimator uses the collimator given in Example 3.
  • the input wavelengths of the three collimators are 1046 nm, 1056 nm, and 1066 nm, respectively;
  • the filter can be a film-type cut-off filter or a photothermal Folding body grating, the first filter allows 1046 nm to pass, making the other two wavelengths Reflected, the second filter allows 1046 and 1056 to pass, causing 1066 to reflect.
  • the combiner can achieve the combination of three kilowatt lasers.
  • Example 7 We used the second high-power fiber-frequency frequency domain combiner scheme proposed by the present invention to fabricate a beam combiner for combining the light output by three fiber lasers.
  • the collimator with three pigtails uses the collimator given in Example 3.
  • the input wavelengths of the three fibers are 1046 nm, 1056 nm and 1066 nm, respectively; the diffraction grating reflective blazed grating.
  • the combiner can achieve the combination of three hundred-watt lasers.
  • Example 8 We used a third high power fiber frequency domain combiner scheme proposed by the present invention to fabricate a combiner for combining the light output by two fiber lasers.
  • the collimator with two pigtails uses the collimator given in Example 3.
  • the input wavelengths of the two fibers are 1046 nm and 1056 nm, respectively;
  • the filter uses a film-type cut-off filter, 1046 nm passes, 1056 Nano reflection.
  • the combiner can achieve the combination of two kilowatt lasers.
  • the high-power optical fiber passive device proposed by the invention can reduce the manufacturing cost and increase the competitiveness of the high-power fiber laser relative to other kinds of lasers.

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Abstract

A group of high-power optical fiber passive devices comprises a high-power optical fiber head, a high-power optical fiber collimator, a high-power optical fiber isolator and a high-power frequency combiner. The high-power optical fiber head is composed of N (N is greater than or equal to 1) optical fibers (2), a glass plate (3), a housing (1), matching liquid (4) and a matching liquid circulation device (5). The ends of the N optical fibers (2) are bonded together parallel to the optical axis, and sealed to the housing (1) through the hole on the housing (1). The end faces of the N fibers (2) are polished to planes, and the normal of the planes and the axis of the optical fibers (2) form a certain angle. The glass plate (3) is sealedly fixed to a hole arranged in the area of the housing (1) intersecting the axis of the optical fibers (2). The matching liquid (4) is arranged in the region between the ends of the optical fibers (2) and the glass plate (3) in the housing (1). The matching liquid circulation device (5) is provided with matching liquid (4) therein and arranged outside of the housing (1). The matching liquid (4) in the housing (1) is circulated through the hole arranged on the housing (1) close to the matching liquid (4) setting area by the matching liquid circulation device (5). An optical fiber end face processing solution for solving the high-power damage on the end of the optical fiber is provided. And a high-power optical fiber head, a high-power optical fiber collimator, a high-power optical fiber isolator and a high-power frequency combiner based on this technology are provided. In addition, the manufacturing cost of these devices is greatly reduced.

Description

大功率光纤头、准直器、隔离器及频域合束器High-power fiber optic head, collimator, isolator and frequency domain combiner 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及光纤无源器件，特别是一组大功率光纤无源器件，包括大功率光纤头、大功率光纤准直器、大功率光纤隔离器及大功率频域合束器，可广泛应用于大功率光纤激光器、光纤放大器及半导体直接耦合光纤激光器的制造中。The invention relates to a fiber optic passive device, in particular to a group of high power fiber passive components, including a high power fiber head, a high power fiber collimator, a high power fiber isolator and a high power frequency domain combiner, which can be widely applied. High-power fiber lasers, fiber amplifiers, and semiconductor direct-coupled fiber lasers.
背景技术Background technique
大功率光无源器件除了承载的光功率高外，在功能上与低功率器件完全相同。大功率光无源器件主要包括大功率光纤头、大功率光纤准直器、大功率光纤隔离器和大功率光纤频域合束器。大功率光纤头是指能承受高功率的光纤输出头。大功率光纤准直器是将光纤中传输的光变为自由空间中传输的平行光的器件。大功率隔离器是只允许光纤中传输的大功率光向一个方向传输的器件。大功率频域合束器是将不同波长的大功率光合成到一根光纤中的器件。High-power optical passive devices are functionally identical to low-power devices except for the high optical power they carry. High-power optical passive components mainly include high-power fiber optic heads, high-power fiber collimators, high-power fiber optic isolators, and high-power fiber-frequency frequency domain combiners. A high-power fiber-optic head is a fiber-optic output head that can withstand high power. A high power fiber collimator is a device that converts light transmitted in an optical fiber into parallel light transmitted in free space. High-power isolators are devices that only allow high-power light transmitted in the fiber to travel in one direction. A high-power frequency domain combiner is a device that combines high-power light of different wavelengths into one fiber.
尽管光纤的阈值功率强度很高，但光纤端面与空气界面处的阈值功率强度要低的多，因此在大功率光纤无源器件中，光纤的端面最容易损伤。随着光纤放大器、光纤激光器和半导体直接耦合光纤激光器功率的不断增加，在大功率光纤无源器件的制造中，光纤端面的镀膜技术越来越难以达到器件的功率密度要求，因此，从某种意义上讲，大功率无源器件技术的核心是解决光纤端面损伤问题。Although the threshold power intensity of the fiber is very high, the threshold power intensity at the fiber end face and the air interface is much lower, so in the high power fiber passive device, the end face of the fiber is most susceptible to damage. With the increasing power of fiber amplifiers, fiber lasers, and semiconductor direct-coupled fiber lasers, in the manufacture of high-power fiber optic passive devices, the coating technology of fiber end faces is increasingly difficult to meet the power density requirements of devices, so In the sense, the core of high-power passive device technology is to solve the problem of fiber end face damage.
目前，为了减低大功率光纤端面的损伤，通常在光纤的端面焊接一段无芯或大芯径光纤，通过扩束来减低光纤的端面上的功率密度，这段无芯或大芯径光纤被称为光纤端帽。光纤端面经光纤端帽处理后可以承受较大的光功率，采用这种被光纤端帽处理的光纤头制造的准直器、隔离器及频域合束器可以在一定的功率范围内工作，但制造时需要专业设备，且制造难度大。随着光功率的增加，光纤端部的温度会大幅增加，仍然不能从根本上解决光纤端面的损伤问题，会导致相应的光纤端面、准直器、隔离器和频域合束器损坏。At present, in order to reduce the damage of the end face of the high-power fiber, a fiber-free or large-core fiber is usually welded on the end face of the fiber, and the power density on the end face of the fiber is reduced by expanding the beam. This coreless or large-core fiber is called For the fiber end cap. The fiber end face can be subjected to large optical power after being processed by the fiber end cap, and the collimator, the isolator and the frequency domain combiner manufactured by the fiber end cap processed by the fiber end cap can work in a certain power range. However, professional equipment is required for manufacturing, and manufacturing is difficult. As the optical power increases, the temperature at the end of the fiber will increase greatly, and the damage of the fiber end face cannot be fundamentally solved, which may result in damage of the corresponding fiber end face, collimator, isolator and frequency domain combiner.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的主要是提供一种能解决光纤端面高功率损伤的光纤端面处理方案，及基于该方案的大功率光纤头、大功率光纤准直器、大功率光纤隔离器及大功率光纤频域合束器，同时，降低这些器件的制造成本。The object of the present invention is to provide an optical fiber end face processing solution capable of solving high power damage of an optical fiber end face, and a high power optical fiber head, a high power optical fiber collimator, a high power optical fiber isolator, and a high power optical fiber frequency domain based on the solution. The combiner, at the same time, reduces the manufacturing cost of these devices.
本发明的光纤头的技术方案概括如下：The technical solution of the optical fiber head of the present invention is summarized as follows:
大功率光纤头由N(N大于等于1)根光纤、玻璃板、壳体、匹配液及匹配液循环装置组成，其中：N根光纤端部光轴平行地粘接在一起，并穿过壳体上的孔密封设置在壳体上，N根光纤端面被磨成平面，且平面法线与光纤轴线成一定夹角；玻璃板密封固定在壳体上与光纤光轴相交区域处设置的一个孔上；匹配液设置在壳体内光纤端部和玻璃板之间的区域；匹配液循环装置内部装有匹配液，位于壳体外部，它通过壳体上靠近匹配液设置区域设置的孔与壳体内部的匹配液进行循环。The high-power fiber head is composed of N (N is greater than or equal to 1) fiber, glass plate, casing, matching liquid and matching liquid circulation device, wherein: N fiber ends are optically bonded in parallel and pass through the shell The hole seal on the body is disposed on the casing, the N fiber end faces are ground into a plane, and the plane normal is at an angle with the fiber axis; the glass plate is sealed and fixed on the casing and disposed at a region intersecting the optical axis of the fiber a matching liquid is disposed in an area between the end of the optical fiber in the casing and the glass plate; the matching liquid circulation device is internally provided with matching liquid, which is located outside the casing, and passes through the hole and the shell disposed on the casing near the matching liquid setting area The matching solution inside the body is circulated.
本发明的第一种大功率光纤准直器的技术方案概括如下：The technical scheme of the first high power fiber collimator of the present invention is summarized as follows:
大功率光纤准直器由N(N大于等于1)根光纤、玻璃板、壳体、匹配液、匹配液循环装置及透镜组成，其中：N根光纤端部光轴平行地粘接在一起，并穿过壳体上的孔密封设置在壳体上，N根光纤端面被磨成平面，且平面法线与光纤轴线成一定夹角；玻璃板密 封固定在壳体上与光纤光轴相交区域处设置的一个孔上；匹配液设置在壳体内光纤端部和玻璃板之间的区域；匹配液循环装置内部装有匹配液，位于壳体外部，它通过壳体上靠近匹配液设置区域设置的孔与壳体内部的匹配液进行循环；透镜设置在壳体外靠近玻璃板的地方，将每根光纤发出的、通过匹配液射出玻璃板的光变成平行光，或者，将平行光变为汇聚光透过玻璃和匹配液耦合进相应光纤中。The high-power fiber collimator is composed of N (N is greater than or equal to 1) fibers, a glass plate, a casing, a matching liquid, a matching liquid circulation device, and a lens, wherein: the optical ends of the N fibers are bonded in parallel, And the hole is sealed on the casing through the hole in the casing, the end faces of the N fibers are ground into a plane, and the plane normal is at an angle with the axis of the fiber; the glass plate is dense The sealing member is fixed on a hole disposed at a region of the housing intersecting the optical axis of the optical fiber; the matching liquid is disposed in an area between the end of the optical fiber in the housing and the glass plate; the matching liquid circulating device is internally provided with matching liquid, and is located outside the housing It circulates through the hole on the casing close to the matching liquid setting area and the matching liquid inside the casing; the lens is disposed outside the casing near the glass plate, and the light emitted by each optical fiber through the matching liquid is emitted from the glass plate. It becomes parallel light, or the parallel light is converted into concentrated light through the glass and the matching liquid is coupled into the corresponding fiber.
本发明的第二种大功率光纤准直器的技术方案概括如下：The technical scheme of the second high power fiber collimator of the present invention is summarized as follows:
大功率光纤准直器由N(N大于等于1)根光纤、透镜、壳体、匹配液及匹配液循环装置组成，其中：N根光纤端部光轴平行地粘接在一起，并穿过壳体上的孔密封设置在壳体上，N根光纤端面被磨成平面，且平面法线与光纤轴线成一定夹角；透镜密封固定在壳体上与光纤光轴相交区域处设置的一个孔上；匹配液设置在壳体内光纤端部和透镜之间的区域；匹配液循环装置内部装有匹配液，位于壳体外部，它通过壳体上靠近匹配液设置区域设置的孔与壳体内部的匹配液进行循环；由每根光纤输出的光通过匹配液和透镜后以平行光的形式输出到自由空间中，或者，来自自由空间的平行光由透镜通过匹配液耦合到相应的光纤中。The high-power fiber collimator is composed of N (N is greater than or equal to 1) fiber, lens, housing, matching liquid and matching liquid circulation device, wherein: N fiber ends are optically bonded in parallel and pass through The hole seal on the casing is disposed on the casing, the N fiber end faces are ground to a plane, and the plane normal is at an angle with the fiber axis; the lens seal is fixed on the casing and is disposed at a region intersecting the optical fiber axis a matching liquid is disposed in an area between the end of the fiber in the housing and the lens; the matching liquid circulation device is internally provided with a matching liquid, which is located outside the housing, and passes through the hole and the casing disposed on the housing near the matching liquid setting area The internal matching solution is circulated; the light output from each of the fibers is output to the free space in the form of parallel light through the matching liquid and the lens, or the parallel light from the free space is coupled to the corresponding fiber by the lens through the matching liquid. .
本发明基于第一种大功率光纤准直器的大功率光纤隔离器的技术方案概括如下：The technical scheme of the high power fiber isolator based on the first high power fiber collimator of the present invention is summarized as follows:
大功率光纤隔离器由一个输入大功率准直器、一个隔离体和一个输出大功率准直器组成，其中：隔离体位于大功率输入准直器和大功率输出准直器之间，输入大功率准直器光纤发出的光通过隔离体后耦合到输出大功率准直器的光纤中。The high-power fiber isolator consists of an input high-power collimator, a separator and an output high-power collimator, wherein the isolator is located between the high-power input collimator and the high-power output collimator, and the input is large. Light from the power collimator fiber passes through the isolator and is coupled to the fiber that outputs the high power collimator.
本发明基于第一种大功率光纤准直器的第一种大功率光纤频域合束器的技术方案概括如下：The technical scheme of the first high-power optical fiber frequency domain combiner based on the first high-power optical fiber collimator is summarized as follows:
大功率光纤频域合束器，由N(N大于等于2)个输入单尾纤准直器、(N-1)个滤波片和1个输出单尾纤准直器组成，其中：N个输入单尾纤大功率准直器分别输出N个不同波长的准直光λ1、λ2、…、λN，第一个单尾纤大功率准直器和第二个单尾纤大功率准直器发出的光传输方向成一定夹角，在两束光的交会处设置第一个滤波片，该滤波片使波长λ1的光透射，使λ2的光反射并合成为光束(λ1+λ2)，继续沿λ1的方向传输；在该光束与第三个单尾纤准直器发出的光λ3的交会处设置第二个滤波片，该滤波片使光束(λ1+λ2)透射，使λ3反射，并将两束光合成为光束(λ1+λ2+λ3)，以此类推，由第(N-1)个滤波片输出的光为(λ1+λ2+…+λN)，其传播方向与λ1的方向相同，该光束经输出单尾纤大功率准直器耦合到输出准直器的光纤中，实现频域合束。A high-power fiber-frequency frequency domain combiner consisting of N (N greater than or equal to 2) input single-tailed fiber collimators, (N-1) filters, and an output single-tailed fiber collimator, wherein: N The input single-tailed high-power collimator outputs N different wavelengths of collimated light λ 1 , λ 2 , ..., λ N , the first single-tailed fiber high-power collimator and the second single-tail fiber high power The light transmission direction of the collimator is at an angle, and a first filter is arranged at the intersection of the two beams, the filter transmits the light of the wavelength λ 1 , and the light of λ 2 is reflected and synthesized into a light beam (λ) 1 + λ 2 ), continuing to travel in the direction of λ 1 ; a second filter is placed at the intersection of the beam and the light λ 3 emitted by the third single pigtail collimator, the filter making the beam (λ 1 +λ 2 ) transmission, reflecting λ 3 , and combining the two beams into a beam (λ 1 + λ 2 + λ 3 ), and so on, the light output by the (N-1)th filter is (λ 1 +λ 2 +...+λ N ), the propagation direction is the same as the direction of λ 1 , and the beam is coupled to the fiber of the output collimator through the output single-powder high-power collimator to achieve frequency domain combining.
本发明基于第一种大功率光纤准直器的第二种大功率光纤频域合束器的技术方案概括如下：The technical scheme of the second high-power optical fiber frequency domain combiner based on the first high-power optical fiber collimator is summarized as follows:
大功率光纤频域合束器由N(N大于等于2)根尾纤输入大功率准直器、衍射光栅和单尾纤输出大功率准直器组成，其中：由N根尾纤输入大功率准直器发出的N个不同波长的且有一定夹角的平行光照射在衍射光栅上，由衍射光栅衍射后合为一束平行光，耦合到单根尾纤输出大功率准直器中。The high-power fiber-frequency frequency domain combiner consists of N (N greater than or equal to 2) pigtail fiber input high-power collimator, diffraction grating and single-tail fiber output high-power collimator, wherein: N-tail fiber input high-power collimation N different wavelengths of parallel light emitted by the device are irradiated on the diffraction grating, and are diffracted by the diffraction grating to form a bundle of parallel light, which is coupled into a single pigtail output high-power collimator.
本发明基于第一种大功率光纤准直器的第三种大功率光纤频域合束器的技术方案概括如下：The technical scheme of the third high power fiber frequency domain combiner based on the first high power fiber collimator is summarized as follows:
大功率光纤频域合束器由双尾纤大功率准直器、滤波片及单尾纤大功率准直器组成，其中：双尾纤大功率准直器、滤波片及单尾纤大功率准直器依次设置；双尾纤大功率准直器中的一根光纤为入射光纤，另一根光纤为出射光纤，由入射光纤发出的某一波长的平行光照射到滤波片上，被反射后耦合到该双尾纤大功率准直器中的输出光纤中；由单尾纤大功率准直器输出的另一波长的平行光照射到滤波片上，透射后耦合到双尾纤大功率准直器的出射光纤中。 The high-power fiber frequency domain combiner consists of a double-tailed high-power collimator, a filter and a single-tailed high-power collimator, among which: a double-tailed high-power collimator, a filter and a single-tail fiber high-power The collimator is arranged in sequence; one fiber in the double-tailed high-power collimator is the incident fiber, and the other fiber is the outgoing fiber, and the parallel light of a certain wavelength emitted by the incident fiber is irradiated onto the filter, and is reflected. Coupling into the output fiber in the twin-tail fiber high-power collimator; parallel light of another wavelength output by the single-powder high-power collimator is irradiated onto the filter, and coupled to the twin-tail fiber high-power collimation after transmission The exiting fiber of the device.
本发明基于第二种大功率光纤准直器的大功率光纤隔离器的技术方案概括如下：The technical scheme of the high power fiber isolator based on the second high power fiber collimator of the present invention is summarized as follows:
大功率光纤隔离器由一个输入大功率准直器、一个隔离体和一个输出大功率准直器组成，其中：隔离体位于大功率输入准直器和大功率输出准直器之间，输入大功率准直器光纤发出的光通过隔离体后耦合到输出大功率准直器的光纤中。The high-power fiber isolator consists of an input high-power collimator, a separator and an output high-power collimator, wherein the isolator is located between the high-power input collimator and the high-power output collimator, and the input is large. Light from the power collimator fiber passes through the isolator and is coupled to the fiber that outputs the high power collimator.
本发明基于第二种大功率光纤准直器的第一种大功率光纤频域合束器的技术方案概括如下：The technical scheme of the first high-power optical fiber frequency domain combiner based on the second high-power optical fiber collimator of the present invention is summarized as follows:
大功率光纤频域合束器，由N(N大于等于2)个输入单尾纤准直器、(N-1)个滤波片和1个输出单尾纤准直器组成，其中：N个输入单尾纤大功率准直器分别输出N个不同波长的准直光λ1、λ2、…、λN，第一个单尾纤大功率准直器和第二个单尾纤大功率准直器发出的光传输方向成一定夹角，在两束光的交会处设置第一个滤波片，该滤波片使波长λ1的光透射，使λ2的光反射并合成为光束(λ1+λ2)，继续沿λ1的方向传输；在该光束与第三个单光纤准直器发出的光λ3的交会处设置第二个滤波片，该滤波片使光束(λ1+λ2)透射，使λ3反射，并将两束光合成为光束(λ1+λ2+λ3)，以此类推，由第(N-1)个滤波片输出的光为(λ1+λ2+…+λN)，其传播方向与λ1的方向相同，该光束经输出单尾纤大功率准直器耦合到输出准直器的光纤中，实现频域合束。A high-power fiber-frequency frequency domain combiner consisting of N (N greater than or equal to 2) input single-tailed fiber collimators, (N-1) filters, and an output single-tailed fiber collimator, wherein: N The input single-tailed high-power collimator outputs N different wavelengths of collimated light λ 1 , λ 2 , ..., λ N , the first single-tailed fiber high-power collimator and the second single-tail fiber high power The light transmission direction of the collimator is at an angle, and a first filter is arranged at the intersection of the two beams, the filter transmits the light of the wavelength λ 1 , and the light of λ 2 is reflected and synthesized into a light beam (λ) 1 + λ 2 ), continuing to travel in the direction of λ 1 ; a second filter is placed at the intersection of the beam and the light λ 3 from the third single-fiber collimator, the filter making the beam (λ 1 + λ 2 ) transmission, reflecting λ 3 , and combining the two beams into a beam (λ 1 + λ 2 + λ 3 ), and so on, the light output by the (N-1)th filter is (λ 1 + λ 2 +...+λ N ), the propagation direction is the same as the direction of λ 1 , and the beam is coupled to the fiber of the output collimator through the output single-powder high-power collimator to achieve frequency domain combining.
本发明基于第二种大功率光纤准直器的第二种大功率光纤频域合束器的技术方案概括如下：The technical scheme of the second high-power fiber-frequency frequency domain combiner based on the second high-power fiber collimator of the present invention is summarized as follows:
大功率光纤频域合束器由N(N大于等于2)根尾纤输入大功率准直器、衍射光栅和单尾纤输出大功率准直器组成，其中：由N根尾纤输入大功率准直器发出的N个不同波长的且有一定夹角的平行光照射在所述衍射光栅上，由所述衍射光栅衍射后合为一束平行光，耦合到单根尾纤输出大功率准直器中。The high-power fiber-frequency frequency domain combiner consists of N (N greater than or equal to 2) pigtail fiber input high-power collimator, diffraction grating and single-tail fiber output high-power collimator, wherein: N-tail fiber input high-power collimation N different wavelengths of parallel light emitted by the device are irradiated on the diffraction grating, and the diffraction grating is diffracted and combined into a bundle of parallel light, which is coupled to a single pigtail output high-power collimator. .
本发明基于第二种大功率光纤准直器的第三种大功率光纤频域合束器的技术方案概括如下：The technical scheme of the third high power fiber frequency domain combiner based on the second high power fiber collimator of the present invention is summarized as follows:
大功率光纤频域合束器由双尾纤大功率准直器、滤波片及单尾纤大功率准直器组成，其中：双尾纤大功率准直器、滤波片及单尾纤大功率准直器依次设置；双尾纤大功率准直器中的一根光纤为入射光纤，另一根光纤为出射光纤，由入射光纤发出的某一波长的平行光照射到滤波片上，被反射后耦合到该双尾纤大功率准直器中的输出光纤中；由单尾纤大功率准直器输出的另一波长的平行光照射到滤波片上，透射后耦合到双尾纤大功率准直器的出射光纤中。The high-power fiber frequency domain combiner consists of a double-tailed high-power collimator, a filter and a single-tailed high-power collimator, among which: a double-tailed high-power collimator, a filter and a single-tail fiber high-power The collimator is arranged in sequence; one fiber in the double-tailed high-power collimator is the incident fiber, and the other fiber is the outgoing fiber, and the parallel light of a certain wavelength emitted by the incident fiber is irradiated onto the filter, and is reflected. Coupling into the output fiber in the twin-tail fiber high-power collimator; parallel light of another wavelength output by the single-powder high-power collimator is irradiated onto the filter, and coupled to the twin-tail fiber high-power collimation after transmission The exiting fiber of the device.
本发明的效果在于：可以提供耐高功率、工作可靠及成本低的大功率光纤头、大功率光纤准直器、大功率光纤隔离器和大功率光纤频域合束器。The effect of the invention is that it can provide high power fiber heads with high power, reliable operation and low cost, high power fiber collimators, high power fiber isolators and high power fiber frequency domain combiners.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1为本发明提出的大功率光纤头的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a high power optical fiber head according to the present invention.
图2为本发明提出的第一种大功率光纤准直器的结构示意图。2 is a schematic structural view of a first high power fiber collimator according to the present invention.
图3为本发明提出的第二种大功率光纤准直器的结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second high power fiber collimator according to the present invention.
图4为本发明提出的大功率光纤隔离器结构示意图。4 is a schematic structural view of a high power fiber isolator according to the present invention.
图5为本发明提出的第一种大功率光纤频域合束器的结构示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first high power fiber frequency domain combiner according to the present invention.
图6A、图6B分别为本发明提出的第二种大功率光纤频域合束器的两种结构示意图。6A and 6B are respectively schematic diagrams showing two structures of a second high-power optical fiber frequency domain combiner according to the present invention.
图7为本发明提出的第三种大功率光纤频域合束器的结构示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a third high power fiber frequency domain combiner according to the present invention.
其中：1表示壳体；2表示粘接在一起的N根光纤；3表示玻璃板；4表示匹配液；5表示匹配液循环装置；6表示透镜；71、71(1)、71(2)、71(3)、…、71(N)表示单 尾纤大功率准直器，72表示双尾纤大功率准直器，7N表示带N个尾纤的大功率准直器；7B、7B(1)、7B(2)、7B(3)、…、7B(N-1)表示滤波片；8表示隔离体；9表示衍射光栅。Wherein: 1 indicates a casing; 2 indicates N fibers bonded together; 3 indicates a glass plate; 4 indicates a matching liquid; 5 indicates a matching liquid circulation device; 6 indicates a lens; 71, 71 (1), 71 (2) , 71 (3), ..., 71 (N) means single Pigtail high-power collimator, 72 represents double-tailed high-power collimator, 7N represents high-power collimator with N pigtails; 7B, 7B(1), 7B(2), 7B(3), ..., 7B(N-1) denotes a filter; 8 denotes a spacer; and 9 denotes a diffraction grating.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明的核心是通过流动的匹配液，既解决光纤端面的损耗问题，又解决端面损耗光产生的热量问题，从根本上消除了大功率下光纤端面损伤的物理诱因，使得大功率光纤器件稳定可靠的工作成为可能。下面结合附图和实施例详细说明本发明提出的各种大功率光纤器件的原理。The core of the invention is to solve the problem of the loss of the end face of the fiber by the flow matching solution, and solve the heat problem caused by the end face loss light, thereby fundamentally eliminating the physical incentive of the fiber end face damage under high power, and stabilizing the high power fiber device. Reliable work is possible. The principles of various high power fiber optic devices proposed by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
图1为本发明提出的大功率光纤头的结构示意图。它由N(N大于等于1)根光纤2、玻璃板3、壳体1、匹配液4及匹配液循环装置5组成，其中：由2表示的N根光纤端部光轴平行地粘接在一起，并穿过壳体上的孔密封固定在壳体1上，N根光纤2的端面被磨成平面，且平面法线与光纤轴线成一定夹角；玻璃板3密封固定在壳体1上与光纤光轴相交区域处设置的一个孔上；匹配液4充满在壳体内光纤端部和玻璃板之间的区域；匹配液循环装置5内部装有匹配液，位于壳体1外部，它通过壳体1上靠近匹配液设置区域设置的孔与壳体1内部的匹配液进行循环。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a high power optical fiber head according to the present invention. It consists of N (N is greater than or equal to 1) fiber 2, glass plate 3, housing 1, matching liquid 4 and matching liquid circulation device 5, wherein: the optical ends of N fiber ends indicated by 2 are bonded in parallel Together, and fixed to the casing 1 through the hole in the casing, the end faces of the N optical fibers 2 are ground to a plane, and the plane normal is at an angle with the axis of the optical fiber; the glass plate 3 is sealed and fixed to the casing 1 a hole provided at an intersection with the optical axis of the optical fiber; the matching liquid 4 is filled in a region between the end of the optical fiber in the casing and the glass plate; the matching liquid circulation device 5 is internally provided with a matching liquid, which is located outside the casing 1, The hole provided in the casing 1 near the matching liquid setting area is circulated with the matching liquid inside the casing 1.
在该大功率光纤头中，匹配液降低了斯涅尔反射产生的损耗，光纤端面角度可使斯涅尔反射泄露出光纤，抑制回波。该结构使玻璃板出射面的光功率密度大幅减低，同时流动的匹配液控制了整个装置的温度，综合起来，使大功率激光对玻璃板出射面的膜的损伤的可能性大幅降低，可以使该光纤头长期工作在大功率状态。In the high-power fiber head, the matching solution reduces the loss caused by the Snell's reflection, and the fiber end face angle allows the Snell's reflection to leak out of the fiber and suppress the echo. The structure greatly reduces the optical power density of the exit surface of the glass sheet, and the flowing matching liquid controls the temperature of the entire device. In combination, the possibility of damage of the high power laser to the film on the exit surface of the glass sheet is greatly reduced, and the The fiber optic head operates in a high power state for a long time.
在该大功率光纤头中，光纤可以是多模光纤，也可以是单包层大模场光纤，也可以是双包层光纤，还可以是各种特种光纤。匹配液的流动可以用泵来实现，为了控制温度，还可以对匹配液进行温度和流量控制。In the high-power fiber head, the fiber may be a multi-mode fiber, a single-clad large mode field fiber, a double-clad fiber, or a variety of special fibers. The flow of the matching solution can be achieved by a pump, and in order to control the temperature, the temperature and flow control of the matching liquid can also be performed.
大功率光纤头是大功率光纤无源器件中的基础器件，我们在后面的各种器件中可以看到具体的例子。此外，大功率光纤头可以直接作为光纤放大器、光纤激光器和半导体直接耦合激光器的输出端。特别是，这种多尾纤的大功率光纤头可以直接作为多个激光器的合成输出端，这种应用输出的合成光束的质量要远好于传统上采用光纤帽的多个激光器的合成效果。High-power fiber optic heads are the basic components in high-power fiber optic passive devices, and we can see concrete examples in the various devices that follow. In addition, high power fiber optic heads can be used directly as output terminals for fiber amplifiers, fiber lasers, and semiconductor direct coupled lasers. In particular, the multi-tailed high-power fiber head can be used directly as a composite output of multiple lasers. The quality of the combined beam output from this application is much better than that of multiple lasers that traditionally use fiber caps.
图2为本发明提出的第一种大功率光纤准直器的结构示意图。它由N(N大于等于1)根光纤2、玻璃板3、壳体1、匹配液4、匹配液循环装置5及透镜6组成，其中：由1表示的N根光纤端部光轴平行地粘接在一起，并穿过壳体1上的孔密封设置在壳体1上，N根光纤端面被磨成平面，且平面法线与光纤轴线成一定夹角；玻璃板3被密封固定在壳体1上与光纤光轴相交区域处设置的一个孔上；匹配液4在壳体1内充满光纤2端面和玻璃板3之间的区域；匹配液循环装置5内部装有匹配液，位于壳体1外部，它通过壳体1上靠近匹配液设置区域设置的孔与壳体1内部的匹配液进行循环；透镜6设置在壳体外靠近玻璃板的地方，将每根光纤发出的、通过匹配液射出玻璃板的光变成平行光，或者，将平行光变为汇聚光透过玻璃和匹配液耦合进相应光纤中。2 is a schematic structural view of a first high power fiber collimator according to the present invention. It consists of N (N is greater than or equal to 1) fiber 2, glass plate 3, housing 1, matching liquid 4, matching liquid circulation device 5 and lens 6, wherein: the N fiber ends of the optical axis indicated by 1 are parallel Bonded together, and sealed through the hole in the casing 1 on the casing 1, the N fiber end faces are ground into a plane, and the plane normal is at an angle with the fiber axis; the glass plate 3 is sealed and fixed at a hole is provided in the housing 1 at a region intersecting the optical axis of the optical fiber; the matching liquid 4 fills the region between the end face of the optical fiber 2 and the glass plate 3 in the casing 1; the matching liquid circulation device 5 is internally provided with matching liquid, and is located Outside the casing 1, it circulates through the hole provided on the casing 1 near the matching liquid setting area and the matching liquid inside the casing 1; the lens 6 is disposed outside the casing near the glass plate, and each fiber is passed through The light that the matching liquid exits the glass plate becomes parallel light, or the parallel light is converted into the concentrated light through the glass and the matching liquid is coupled into the corresponding optical fiber.
在实际应用中，通常都是将光纤中输出的光先变为平行光，然后再进行处理，因此准直器是其它无源器件的基础。该发明提出的准直器实际上是在本发明前面提出的大功率光纤头的基础上发展出来的，通过增加一个透镜完成光纤中的光与平行光的变换。其中解决问题的思路与光纤头相同，不再赘述。In practical applications, the light output from the fiber is usually converted into parallel light and then processed, so the collimator is the basis of other passive components. The collimator proposed by the invention is actually developed on the basis of the high power fiber head proposed in the present invention, and the conversion of light and parallel light in the optical fiber is completed by adding a lens. The idea of solving the problem is the same as that of the fiber optic head, and will not be described again.
图3为本发明提出的第二种大功率光纤准直器的结构示意图。它由N(N大于等于1)根光纤2、透镜6、壳体1、匹配液4及匹配液循环装置5组成，其中：N根光纤2端部 光轴平行地粘接在一起，并穿过壳体1上的孔密封设置在壳体1上，N根光纤端面被磨成平面，且平面法线与光纤轴线成一定夹角；透镜6密封固定在壳体1上与光纤光轴相交区域处设置的一个孔上；匹配液4在壳体内充满光纤端面和透镜之间的区域；匹配液循环装置5内部装有匹配液，位于壳体1外部，它通过壳体1上靠近匹配液设置区域设置的孔与壳体1内部的匹配液进行循环。在该准直器中，由2中每根光纤输出的光通过匹配液4和透镜6后以平行光的形式输出到自由空间中，或者，来自自由空间的平行光由透镜6通过匹配液4耦合到2中的相应的光纤中。FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second high power fiber collimator according to the present invention. It consists of N (N is greater than or equal to 1) fiber 2, lens 6, housing 1, matching liquid 4 and matching liquid circulation device 5, wherein: N fiber 2 end The optical axes are bonded together in parallel and are sealed on the casing 1 through holes in the casing 1. The N fiber ends are ground to a plane, and the plane normal is at an angle to the fiber axis; the lens 6 is sealed. Fixed to a hole provided on the housing 1 at an intersection area with the optical axis of the optical fiber; the matching liquid 4 is filled in the housing between the end face of the optical fiber and the lens; the matching liquid circulation device 5 is internally provided with matching liquid, and is located in the housing 1 Externally, it circulates through the hole provided in the casing 1 near the matching liquid setting area and the matching liquid inside the casing 1. In the collimator, light output from each of the two optical fibers passes through the matching liquid 4 and the lens 6 and is output as parallel light to the free space, or parallel light from the free space is passed through the matching liquid 4 by the lens 6. Coupled into the corresponding fiber in 2.
该大功率准直器是将本发明提出的大功率光纤头中的玻璃板换成透镜后形成的。与前面提出的准直器比，结构更简单。光纤端面和透镜与匹配液接触的面都不需镀膜，匹配液降低了斯涅尔反射产生的损耗，光纤端角度可使斯涅尔反射泄露出光纤，抑制回波。该结构使透镜出射面的光功率密度大幅减低，同时流动的匹配液控制了整个装置的温度，综合起来，大功率激光对透镜出射面的膜的损伤概率就可大幅降低，可以使该光纤准直器长期工作在大功率状态。The high-power collimator is formed by replacing the glass plate in the high-power fiber head proposed by the present invention with a lens. Compared with the collimator proposed above, the structure is simpler. The fiber end face and the surface of the lens that is in contact with the matching liquid do not need to be coated, and the matching liquid reduces the loss caused by the Snell reflection. The fiber end angle can cause the Snell reflection to leak out of the fiber and suppress the echo. The structure greatly reduces the optical power density of the exit surface of the lens, and the flowing matching liquid controls the temperature of the entire device. In combination, the probability of damage of the high power laser to the film on the exit surface of the lens can be greatly reduced, and the optical fiber can be made The straightener works in a high power state for a long time.
图4为本发明提出的大功率光纤隔离器的结构示意图。由一个输入大功率准直器71(1)、一个隔离体8和一个输出大功率准直器71(2)组成，其中：隔离体8位于大功率输入准直器71(1)和大功率输出准直器71(2)之间，输入大功率准直器71(1)中光纤发出的光通过隔离体8后耦合到输出大功率准直器71(2)的光纤中。4 is a schematic structural view of a high power optical fiber isolator according to the present invention. It consists of an input high power collimator 71(1), a separator 8 and an output high power collimator 71(2), wherein the isolator 8 is located at the high power input collimator 71(1) and high power. Between the output collimators 71(2), the light from the fiber input into the high power collimator 71(1) passes through the isolator 8 and is coupled to the fiber of the output high power collimator 71(2).
大功率光纤准直器主要用在光纤激光器中，使整个光传输链路上的光不能馈送到谐振腔中。在图4所示光隔离器中，大功率光纤准直器既可以采用图2所示结构，又可以采用图3所示结构。隔离体有多种形式，本领域的工程技术人员都熟知，在这里就不赘述。High-power fiber collimators are mainly used in fiber lasers so that light on the entire optical transmission link cannot be fed into the cavity. In the optical isolator shown in FIG. 4, the high power fiber collimator can adopt either the structure shown in FIG. 2 or the structure shown in FIG. Isolators are available in a variety of forms and are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described here.
图5为本发明提出的第一种大功率光纤频域合束器的结构示意图。它由N(N大于等于2)个输入单尾纤准直器、(N-1)个滤波片和1个输出单尾纤准直器组成，其中：N个输入单尾纤大功率准直器分别输出N个不同波长的准直光λ1、λ2、…、λN，第一个单尾纤大功率准直器71(1)和第二个单尾纤大功率准直器71(2)发出的光传输方向成一定夹角，在两束光的交会处设置第一个滤波片7B(1)，该滤波片使波长λ1的光透射，使λ2的光反射并合成为光束(λ1+λ2)，继续沿λ1的方向传输；在该光束与第三个单尾纤准直器71(3)发出的光λ3的交会处设置第二个滤波片7B(2)，该滤波片使光束(λ1+λ2)透射，使λ3反射，并将两束光合成为光束(λ1+λ2+λ3)，以此类推，由第(N-1)个滤波片7B(N-1)输出的光为(λ1+λ2+…+λN)，其传播方向与λ1的方向相同，该光束经输出单尾纤大功率准直器71(N+1)耦合到输出准直器的光纤中，实现频域合束。FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first high power fiber frequency domain combiner according to the present invention. It consists of N (N is greater than or equal to 2) input single pigtail collimator, (N-1) filter and 1 output single pigtail collimator, wherein: N input single pigtail high power collimation The controller outputs N different wavelengths of collimated light λ 1 , λ 2 , ..., λ N , the first single-tailed fiber high-power collimator 71 (1) and the second single-tailed fiber high-power collimator 71 (2) The emitted light transmission direction is at a certain angle, and a first filter 7B(1) is disposed at the intersection of the two beams, the filter transmits the light of the wavelength λ 1 , and the light of λ 2 is reflected and synthesized. For the beam (λ 1 + λ 2 ), continue to travel in the direction of λ 1 ; a second filter 7B is placed at the intersection of the beam with the light λ 3 emitted by the third single pigtail collimator 71 (3) (2) The filter transmits the beam (λ 1 + λ 2 ), reflects λ 3 , and combines the two beams into a beam (λ 1 + λ 2 + λ 3 ), and so on, by the (N- 1) The light output from the filter 7B (N-1) is (λ 1 + λ 2 + ... + λ N ), and its propagation direction is the same as the direction of λ 1 , and the beam is outputted through a single-tailed high-power collimator. 71 (N+1) is coupled into the fiber of the output collimator to achieve frequency domain combining.
大功率光纤频域合束器用于大功率激光器输出光的频域合束中。其中使用的大功率光纤准直器既可以采用图2所示结构，又可以采用图3所示结构。所用滤波片可以是薄膜型滤波片，也可以是体光栅型滤波片，这些滤波片的具体形式为本领域的工程技术人员熟知，在这里不再赘述。The high power fiber frequency domain combiner is used in the frequency domain combining of the output light of the high power laser. The high-power fiber collimator used therein can adopt either the structure shown in FIG. 2 or the structure shown in FIG. The filter used may be a film type filter or a body grating type filter. The specific form of these filters is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein.
图6为本发明提出的第二种大功率光纤频域合束器的结构示意图。其中，图6A给出的是反射结构，图6B给出的是透射结构。在图6A中，由N根尾纤准直器7N发出的N个不同波长的且有一定夹角的平行光照射到反射式衍射光栅9上，衍射光栅9将这N束光衍射到相同方向上的平行光，通过单尾纤准直器71，合到同一根光纤中。在图6B中，由N根尾纤准直器7N发出的N个波长的且有一定夹角的平行光照射到透射式衍射光栅9上，透射光栅9将这N束光衍射到相同方向上的平行光，通过单尾纤准直器71，合到同一根光纤中。FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second high power optical fiber frequency domain combiner according to the present invention. Among them, FIG. 6A shows a reflection structure, and FIG. 6B shows a transmission structure. In FIG. 6A, N different wavelengths of parallel light emitted by the N-tail fiber collimator 7N are irradiated onto the reflective diffraction grating 9, and the diffraction grating 9 diffracts the N-beam light in the same direction. The parallel light is merged into the same fiber through a single pigtail collimator 71. In FIG. 6B, N wavelengths of parallel light having a certain angle emitted by the N pigtail collimator 7N are irradiated onto the transmission diffraction grating 9, and the transmission grating 9 diffracts the N beams into the same direction. The parallel light is merged into the same fiber by a single pigtail collimator 71.
在该种大功率频域合束器中，带N根尾纤的准直器中的N根光纤沿一维排列，既可以采用图2所示结构，又可以采用图3所示结构。所采用的衍射光栅可以是闪耀光栅，也可以是体光栅，这些光栅被本领域工程技术人员熟知，在这里不再赘述。 In the high-power frequency domain combiner, the N fibers in the collimator with N pigtails are arranged in one dimension, and the structure shown in FIG. 2 or the structure shown in FIG. 3 can be used. The diffraction gratings used may be either blazed gratings or bulk gratings, which are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described again here.
图7为本发明提出的第三种大功率光纤频域合束器的结构示意图。由双尾纤大功率准直器72、滤波片7B及单尾纤大功率准直器71组成，其中：双尾纤大功率准直器72中的一根光纤为入射光纤，另一根光纤为出射光纤，由入射光纤发出的某一波长的平行光照射到滤波片7B上，被反射后耦合到该双尾纤大功率准直器72中的输出光纤中；由单尾纤大功率准直器71输出的另一波长的平行光照射到滤波片7B上，透射后耦合到双尾纤大功率准直器72的出射光纤中。FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a third high power fiber frequency domain combiner according to the present invention. The utility model is composed of a double pigtail high power collimator 72, a filter 7B and a single pigtail high power collimator 71, wherein: one fiber in the double pigtail high power collimator 72 is an incident fiber, and the other fiber is another fiber. For the outgoing fiber, the parallel light of a certain wavelength emitted by the incident fiber is irradiated onto the filter 7B, and is reflected and coupled into the output fiber of the double-tailed high-power collimator 72; The parallel light of another wavelength output by the straight unit 71 is irradiated onto the filter 7B, and is transmitted and coupled to the exit fiber of the twin pigtail high power collimator 72.
在该种大功率频域合束器中，双尾纤的准直器和单尾纤准直器既可以采用图2所示结构，又可以采用图3所示结构。所采用的滤波片为薄膜滤波片，这种滤波片被本领域工程技术人员熟知，在这里不再赘述。In the high-power frequency domain combiner, the twin-tailed collimator and the single-tailed fiber collimator can adopt either the structure shown in FIG. 2 or the structure shown in FIG. The filter used is a thin film filter, which is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described here.
下面结合实际的例子对本发明提出各种大功率光纤器件进行进一步说明。Various high power fiber optic devices proposed by the present invention are further described below in conjunction with actual examples.
例1：我们采用本发明提出的大功率光纤头方案制作了一种用于光纤激光器和光纤放大器的单尾纤光纤头。在该光纤头中：光纤采用双包层光纤，其参数为芯径20微米，数值孔径0.08，内包层直径400微米，数值孔径0.46，光纤端面被磨成8度角；玻璃板为厚度1毫米的石英板，出射面镀高强度膜，玻璃板与匹配液之间的距离约5毫米，匹配液可以采用甘油、松节油、橄榄油或者水等折射率与石英玻璃接近的液体。这种光纤头可用于大于1千瓦的光纤激光器中。Example 1: We have fabricated a single-tail fiber optic head for fiber lasers and fiber amplifiers using the high power fiber tip scheme proposed by the present invention. In the fiber head: the fiber is a double-clad fiber with a core diameter of 20 μm, a numerical aperture of 0.08, an inner cladding diameter of 400 μm, a numerical aperture of 0.46, an optical fiber end face that is ground to an angle of 8 degrees, and a glass plate with a thickness of 1 mm. The quartz plate has a high-strength film on the exit surface, and the distance between the glass plate and the matching liquid is about 5 mm. The matching liquid can be a liquid having a refractive index close to that of quartz glass such as glycerin, turpentine, olive oil or water. This fiber tip can be used in fiber lasers larger than 1 kW.
例2：我们采用本发明提出的大功率光纤头方案制作了一种用于光纤激光器和光纤放大器的功率合成器的光纤头。为了提高光纤激光器和光纤放大器的输出功率，有时需将多个激光器的输出功率合到一起。一种简单的方法是将光纤的输出端并排靠在一起。我们在这里给出将4个激光器输出的光合在一起的光纤头的参数。每个激光器的输出光纤参数为芯径20微米，数值孔径0.08，内包层直径400微米，数值孔径0.46，将4根光纤端部直径刻蚀到30微米，排列成60X60微米的方形，并将端面磨成8度角。玻璃板为厚度1毫米的石英板，出射面镀高强度膜，玻璃板与匹配液之间的距离约10毫米，匹配液可以采用甘油、松节油、橄榄油或者水等折射率与石英玻璃接近的液体。这种光纤头可用于合成功率大于5千瓦的光纤激光器中。Example 2: We fabricated a fiber optic head for a power combiner for fiber lasers and fiber amplifiers using the high power fiber tip scheme proposed by the present invention. In order to increase the output power of fiber lasers and fiber amplifiers, it is sometimes necessary to combine the output powers of multiple lasers. A simple method is to put the outputs of the fibers side by side. Here we give the parameters of the fiber head that combines the light output from the four lasers. The output fiber parameters of each laser are core diameter 20 μm, numerical aperture 0.08, inner cladding diameter 400 μm, numerical aperture 0.46, etched 4 fiber ends to 30 μm, arranged in a 60×60 μm square, and the end faces Grind into an 8 degree angle. The glass plate is a quartz plate with a thickness of 1 mm, and the exit surface is plated with a high-strength film. The distance between the glass plate and the matching liquid is about 10 mm. The matching liquid can be made of glycerin, turpentine, olive oil or water with a refractive index close to that of quartz glass. liquid. This fiber tip can be used in fiber lasers with a combined power of more than 5 kW.
例3：我们采用本发明提出的第一种大功率光纤准直器方案制作了一种准直器，其参数为：光纤采用双包层光纤，芯径20微米，数值孔径0.08，内包层直径400微米，数值孔径0.46，光纤端面被磨成8度角；玻璃板为厚度1毫米的石英板，出射面镀高强度膜，玻璃板与匹配液之间的距离约5毫米，匹配液可以采用甘油、松节油、橄榄油或者水等折射率与石英玻璃接近的液体。透镜焦距为35毫米。这种光纤准直器可用于大于1千瓦的应用中。Example 3: We made a collimator using the first high-power fiber collimator scheme proposed by the present invention. The parameters are as follows: the fiber is a double-clad fiber with a core diameter of 20 μm, a numerical aperture of 0.08, and an inner cladding diameter. 400 micron, numerical aperture 0.46, the fiber end face is ground to 8 degrees; the glass plate is a quartz plate with a thickness of 1 mm, the exit surface is coated with a high-strength film, the distance between the glass plate and the matching liquid is about 5 mm, and the matching liquid can be used. A liquid such as glycerin, turpentine, olive oil or water that has a refractive index close to that of quartz glass. The focal length of the lens is 35 mm. This fiber collimator can be used in applications larger than 1 kW.
例4：我们采用本发明提出的第二种大功率光纤准直器方案制作了一种准直器，其参数为：光纤采用单包层大模场光纤，芯径20微米，数值孔径0.08，包层直径125微米，光纤端面被磨成8度角；透镜采用石英玻璃制造，焦距为10毫米，出射面镀高强度膜；匹配液可以采用甘油、松节油、橄榄油或者水等折射率与石英玻璃接近的液体。这种光纤准直器可用于大于1千瓦的应用中。Example 4: We made a collimator using the second high-power fiber collimator scheme proposed by the present invention. The parameters are as follows: the fiber adopts a single-clad large-mode field fiber with a core diameter of 20 μm and a numerical aperture of 0.08. The cladding diameter is 125 microns, the fiber end face is ground to an angle of 8 degrees; the lens is made of quartz glass with a focal length of 10 mm, and the exit surface is coated with a high-strength film; the matching solution can use refractive index and quartz such as glycerin, turpentine, olive oil or water. Glass close to the liquid. This fiber collimator can be used in applications larger than 1 kW.
例5：我们采用本发明提出的大功率光纤隔离器方案制作了一种隔离器，该隔离器采用例4给出的准直器，隔离体采用两个楔角加一个旋转片的方案。其参数为：插入损耗0.4dB，隔离度50dB.可用于大于500瓦的应用中。Example 5: We fabricated an isolator using the high power fiber optic isolator scheme proposed by the present invention. The isolator uses the collimator given in Example 4, and the spacer uses two wedge angles plus one rotating piece. Its parameters are: insertion loss of 0.4dB, isolation of 50dB. Can be used in applications greater than 500 watts.
例6：我们采用本发明提出的第一种大功率光纤频域合束器方案制作了一种合束器，用于三个光纤激光器输出的光的合束。其中，准直器采用例3给出的准直器，三个准直器的输入光波长分别为1046纳米、1056纳米和1066纳米；滤波片可以采用薄膜型截止滤波片，也可以采用光热折变体光栅，第一个滤波片允许1046纳米通过，使其它两个波长 反射，第二个滤波片允许1046和1056通过，使1066反射。该合束器可以实现3个千瓦级激光器的合束。Example 6: We used the first high power fiber frequency domain combiner scheme proposed by the present invention to fabricate a combiner for combining the light output by three fiber lasers. The collimator uses the collimator given in Example 3. The input wavelengths of the three collimators are 1046 nm, 1056 nm, and 1066 nm, respectively; the filter can be a film-type cut-off filter or a photothermal Folding body grating, the first filter allows 1046 nm to pass, making the other two wavelengths Reflected, the second filter allows 1046 and 1056 to pass, causing 1066 to reflect. The combiner can achieve the combination of three kilowatt lasers.
例7：我们采用本发明提出的第二种大功率光纤频域合束器方案制作了一种合束器，用于三个光纤激光器输出的光的合束。其中，带3个尾纤的准直器采用例3给出的准直器，三个光纤的输入光波长分别为1046纳米、1056纳米和1066纳米；衍射光栅反射式闪耀光栅。该合束器可以实现3个百瓦级激光器的合束。Example 7: We used the second high-power fiber-frequency frequency domain combiner scheme proposed by the present invention to fabricate a beam combiner for combining the light output by three fiber lasers. Among them, the collimator with three pigtails uses the collimator given in Example 3. The input wavelengths of the three fibers are 1046 nm, 1056 nm and 1066 nm, respectively; the diffraction grating reflective blazed grating. The combiner can achieve the combination of three hundred-watt lasers.
例8：我们采用本发明提出的第三种大功率光纤频域合束器方案制作了一种合束器，用于二个光纤激光器输出的光的合束。其中，带2个尾纤的准直器采用例3给出的准直器，二个光纤的输入光波长分别为1046纳米、1056纳米；滤波片采用薄膜型截止滤波片，1046纳米通过，1056纳米反射。该合束器可以实现2个千瓦级激光器的合束。Example 8: We used a third high power fiber frequency domain combiner scheme proposed by the present invention to fabricate a combiner for combining the light output by two fiber lasers. Among them, the collimator with two pigtails uses the collimator given in Example 3. The input wavelengths of the two fibers are 1046 nm and 1056 nm, respectively; the filter uses a film-type cut-off filter, 1046 nm passes, 1056 Nano reflection. The combiner can achieve the combination of two kilowatt lasers.
本发明提出的大功率光纤无源器件可以降低制造成本降低，增加大功率光纤激光器相对其它种激光器的竞争力。 The high-power optical fiber passive device proposed by the invention can reduce the manufacturing cost and increase the competitiveness of the high-power fiber laser relative to other kinds of lasers.

Claims (11)

  1. 一种大功率光纤头，由N(N大于等于1)根光纤、玻璃板、壳体、匹配液及匹配液循环装置组成，其特征是：所述N根光纤端部光轴平行地粘接在一起，并穿过壳体上的孔密封设置在壳体上，N根光纤端面被磨成平面，且平面法线与光纤轴线成一定夹角；所述玻璃板密封固定在壳体上与光纤光轴相交区域处设置的一个孔上；所述匹配液设置在壳体内光纤端部和玻璃板之间的区域；所述匹配液循环装置内部装有匹配液，位于壳体外部，它通过壳体上靠近匹配液设置区域设置的孔与壳体内部的匹配液进行循环。A high-power optical fiber head comprising N (N greater than or equal to 1) optical fibers, a glass plate, a casing, a matching liquid and a matching liquid circulation device, wherein: the optical ends of the N optical fibers are bonded in parallel Together, and sealed through the hole in the casing, the N fiber end faces are ground into a plane, and the plane normal is at an angle with the fiber axis; the glass plate is sealed and fixed on the casing and a hole disposed at an intersection of the optical fiber axes; the matching liquid is disposed in an area between the end of the optical fiber in the casing and the glass plate; the matching liquid circulation device is internally provided with a matching liquid, which is located outside the casing and passes through The hole provided on the casing close to the matching liquid setting area circulates with the matching liquid inside the casing.
  2. 一种大功率光纤准直器，由N(N大于等于1)根光纤、玻璃板、壳体、匹配液、匹配液循环装置及透镜组成，其特征是：所述N根光纤端部光轴平行地粘接在一起，并穿过壳体上的孔密封设置在壳体上，N根光纤端面被磨成平面，且平面法线与光纤轴线成一定夹角；所述玻璃板密封固定在壳体上与光纤光轴相交区域处设置的一个孔上；所述匹配液设置在壳体内光纤端部和玻璃板之间的区域；所述匹配液循环装置内部装有匹配液，位于壳体外部，它通过壳体上靠近匹配液设置区域设置的孔与壳体内部的匹配液进行循环；所述透镜设置在壳体外靠近玻璃板的地方，将每根光纤发出的、通过匹配液射出玻璃板的光变成平行光，或者，将平行光变为汇聚光透过玻璃和匹配液耦合进相应光纤中。A high-power fiber collimator consisting of N (N is greater than or equal to 1) fiber, glass plate, casing, matching liquid, matching liquid circulation device and lens, characterized in that: N fiber end optical axis Bonded in parallel and sealed on the housing through holes in the housing, the N fiber ends are ground to a plane, and the plane normal is at an angle to the fiber axis; the glass plate is sealed and fixed at a hole disposed at a region intersecting the optical axis of the optical fiber; the matching liquid is disposed in an area between the end of the optical fiber and the glass plate in the casing; the matching liquid circulation device is internally provided with matching liquid, and is located in the casing Externally, it circulates through the hole provided on the casing near the matching liquid setting area and the matching liquid inside the casing; the lens is disposed outside the casing near the glass plate, and the glass is emitted from the matching liquid through the matching liquid. The light of the plate becomes parallel light, or the parallel light is converted into concentrated light through the glass and the matching liquid is coupled into the corresponding fiber.
  3. 一种大功率光纤准直器，由N(N大于等于1)根光纤、透镜、壳体、匹配液及匹配液循环装置组成，其特征是：所述N根光纤端部光轴平行地粘接在一起，并穿过壳体上的孔密封设置在壳体上，N根光纤端面被磨成平面，且平面法线与光纤轴线成一定夹角；所述透镜密封固定在壳体上与光纤光轴相交区域处设置的一个孔上；匹配液设置在壳体内光纤端部和透镜之间的区域；匹配液循环装置内部装有匹配液，位于壳体外部，它通过壳体上靠近匹配液设置区域设置的孔与壳体内部的匹配液进行循环；由每根光纤输出的光通过匹配液和透镜后以平行光的形式输出到自由空间中，或者，来自自由空间的平行光由透镜通过匹配液耦合到相应的光纤中。A high-power fiber collimator consisting of N (N greater than or equal to 1) fiber, lens, housing, matching liquid and matching liquid circulation device, characterized in that: the optical ends of the N fibers are glued in parallel Connected together and sealed through the hole in the casing, the N fiber end faces are ground to a plane, and the plane normal is at an angle with the fiber axis; the lens seal is fixed on the casing and a hole is disposed at an intersection of the optical fiber axes; the matching liquid is disposed in an area between the end of the fiber in the housing and the lens; the matching liquid circulation device is internally provided with matching liquid, located outside the housing, and is closely matched through the housing The holes in the liquid setting area are circulated with the matching liquid inside the housing; the light output by each of the optical fibers is output to the free space in the form of parallel light through the matching liquid and the lens, or the parallel light from the free space is used by the lens Coupled to the corresponding fiber by a matching fluid.
  4. 一种基于权利要求2所述大功率准直器的大功率光纤隔离器，由一个输入大功率准直器、一个隔离体和一个输出大功率准直器组成，其特征是：隔离体位于大功率输入准直器和大功率输出准直器之间，输入大功率准直器光纤发出的光通过隔离体后耦合到输出大功率准直器的光纤中。A high power optical isolator based on the high power collimator of claim 2, comprising an input high power collimator, a spacer and an output high power collimator, wherein: the spacer is located at a large Between the power input collimator and the high power output collimator, the light from the input high power collimator fiber passes through the isolator and is coupled to the fiber that outputs the high power collimator.
  5. 一种基于权利要求2所述大功率准直器的大功率光纤频域合束器，由N(N大于等于2)个输入单尾纤准直器、(N-1)个滤波片和1个输出单尾纤准直器组成，其特征是：N个输入单尾纤大功率准直器分别输出N个不同波长的准直光λ1、λ2、…、λN，其中，第一个单尾纤大功率准直器和第二个单尾纤大功率准直器发出的光传输方向成一定夹角，在两束光的交会处设置第一个滤波片，该滤波片使波长λ1的光透射，使λ2的光反射并合成为光束(λ1+λ2)，继续沿λ1的方向传输；在该光束与第三个单光纤准直器发出的光λ3的交会处设置第二个滤波片，该滤波片使光束(λ1+λ2)透射，使λ3反射，并将两束光合成为光束(λ1+λ2+λ3)，以此类推，由第(N-1)个滤波片输出的光为(λ1+λ2+…+λN)，其传播方向与λ1的方向相同，该光束经输出单尾纤大功率准直器耦合到输出准直器的光纤中，实现频域合束。A high power fiber frequency domain combiner based on the high power collimator of claim 2, comprising N (N greater than or equal to 2) input single pigtail collimators, (N-1) filters and 1 The output single-tail fiber collimator is characterized in that: N input single-tail fiber high-power collimators respectively output N different wavelengths of collimated light λ 1 , λ 2 , ..., λ N , wherein, first The single-tailed high-power collimator and the second single-tailed high-power collimator form a certain angle of light transmission, and a first filter is set at the intersection of the two beams, the filter makes the wavelength The light transmission of λ 1 causes the light of λ 2 to be reflected and synthesized into a light beam (λ 1 + λ 2 ), which continues to be transmitted in the direction of λ 1 ; the light λ 3 emitted by the light beam and the third single-fiber collimator A second filter is provided at the intersection, which transmits the beam (λ 1 + λ 2 ), reflects λ 3 , and combines the two beams into a beam (λ 1 + λ 2 + λ 3 ), and so on. The light output by the (N-1)th filter is (λ 1 +λ 2 +...+λ N ), and its propagation direction is the same as the direction of λ 1 , and the beam is coupled via the output single-tailed high power collimator. To lose An optical fiber collimator, the beam combiner to achieve a frequency domain.
  6. 一种基于权利要求2所述大功率准直器的大功率光纤频域合束器，由N(N大于等于2)根尾纤输入大功率准直器、衍射光栅和单尾纤输出大功率准直器组成，其特征是：由所述N根尾纤输入大功率准直器发出的N个不同波长的且有一定夹角的平行光照射在所述衍射光栅上，由所述衍射光栅衍射后合为一束平行光，耦合到所述单根尾纤输 出大功率准直器中。A high-power optical fiber frequency domain combiner based on the high-power collimator of claim 2, which has a N (N greater than or equal to 2) stub fiber input high power collimator, a diffraction grating and a single pigtail output high power standard a straightener composition, characterized in that N different wavelengths of parallel light emitted by the N-pillar input high-power collimator are irradiated on the diffraction grating, and the diffraction grating is diffracted Combining a bundle of parallel light, coupled to the single pigtail Out of the high power collimator.
  7. 一种基于权利要求2所述大功率准直器的大功率光纤频域合束器，由双尾纤大功率准直器、滤波片及单尾纤大功率准直器组成，其特征是：双尾纤大功率准直器、滤波片及单尾纤大功率准直器依次设置；所述双尾纤大功率准直器中的一根光纤为入射光纤，另一根光纤为出射光纤，由入射光纤发出的某一波长的平行光照射到所述滤波片上，被反射后耦合到该双尾纤大功率准直器中的输出光纤中；由所述单尾纤大功率准直器输出的另一波长的平行光照射到所述滤波片上，透射后耦合到所述双尾纤大功率准直器的出射光纤中。A high-power optical fiber frequency domain combiner based on the high-power collimator of claim 2, comprising a double-tailed high-power collimator, a filter and a single-tailed high-power collimator, wherein: A double-tailed high-power collimator, a filter, and a single-tailed high-power collimator are sequentially disposed; one of the two-tailed high-power collimators is an incident optical fiber, and the other optical fiber is an outgoing optical fiber. Parallel light of a certain wavelength emitted by the incident fiber is irradiated onto the filter, reflected and coupled to an output fiber in the twin-fiber high-power collimator; output by the single-tail fiber high-power collimator The parallel light of another wavelength is incident on the filter and is coupled to the exiting fiber of the twin fiber high power collimator.
  8. 一种基于权利要求3所述大功率准直器的大功率光纤隔离器，由一个输入大功率准直器、一个隔离体和一个输出大功率准直器组成，其特征是：隔离体位于大功率输入准直器和大功率输出准直器之间，输入大功率准直器光纤发出的光通过隔离体后耦合到输出大功率准直器的光纤中。A high-power optical fiber isolator based on the high-power collimator of claim 3, comprising an input high-power collimator, a spacer and an output high-power collimator, wherein: the spacer is located at a large Between the power input collimator and the high power output collimator, the light from the input high power collimator fiber passes through the isolator and is coupled to the fiber that outputs the high power collimator.
  9. 一种基于权利要求3所述大功率准直器的大功率光纤频域合束器，由N(N大于等于2)个输入单尾纤准直器、(N-1)个滤波片和1个输出单尾纤准直器组成，其特征是：N个输入单尾纤大功率准直器分别输出N个不同波长的准直光λ1、λ2、…、λN，其中，第一个单尾纤大功率准直器和第二个单尾纤大功率准直器发出的光传输方向成一定夹角，在两束光的交会处设置第一个滤波片，该滤波片使波长λ1的光透射，使λ2的光反射并合成为光束(λ1+λ2)，继续沿λ1的方向传输；在该光束与第三个单光纤准直器发出的光λ3的交会处设置第二个滤波片，该滤波片使光束(λ1+λ2)透射，使λ3反射，并将两束光合成为光束(λ1+λ2+λ3)，以此类推，由第(N-1)个滤波片输出的光为(λ1+λ2+…+λN)，其传播方向与λ1的方向相同，该光束经输出单尾纤大功率准直器耦合到输出准直器的光纤中，实现频域合束。A high power fiber frequency domain combiner based on the high power collimator of claim 3, comprising N (N greater than or equal to 2) input single pigtail collimators, (N-1) filters and 1 The output single-tail fiber collimator is characterized in that: N input single-tail fiber high-power collimators respectively output N different wavelengths of collimated light λ 1 , λ 2 , ..., λ N , wherein, first The single-tailed high-power collimator and the second single-tailed high-power collimator form a certain angle of light transmission, and a first filter is set at the intersection of the two beams, the filter makes the wavelength The light transmission of λ 1 causes the light of λ 2 to be reflected and synthesized into a light beam (λ 1 + λ 2 ), which continues to be transmitted in the direction of λ 1 ; the light λ 3 emitted by the light beam and the third single-fiber collimator A second filter is provided at the intersection, which transmits the beam (λ 1 + λ 2 ), reflects λ 3 , and combines the two beams into a beam (λ 1 + λ 2 + λ 3 ), and so on. The light output by the (N-1)th filter is (λ 1 +λ 2 +...+λ N ), and its propagation direction is the same as the direction of λ 1 , and the beam is coupled via the output single-tailed high power collimator. To lose An optical fiber collimator, the beam combiner to achieve a frequency domain.
  10. 一种基于权利要求3所述大功率准直器的大功率光纤频域合束器，由N(N大于等于2)根尾纤输入大功率准直器、衍射光栅和单尾纤输出大功率准直器组成，其特征是：由所述N根尾纤输入大功率准直器发出的N个不同波长的且有一定夹角的平行光照射在所述衍射光栅上，由所述衍射光栅衍射后合为一束平行光，耦合到所述单根尾纤输出大功率准直器中。A high-power optical fiber frequency domain combiner based on the high-power collimator of claim 3, which has a N (N greater than or equal to 2) stub fiber input high power collimator, a diffraction grating and a single pigtail output high power standard a straightener composition, characterized in that N different wavelengths of parallel light emitted by the N-pillar input high-power collimator are irradiated on the diffraction grating, and the diffraction grating is diffracted Combined into a bundle of parallel light, coupled to the single pigtail output high power collimator.
  11. 一种基于权利要求3所述大功率准直器的大功率光纤频域合束器，由双尾纤大功率准直器、滤波片及单尾纤大功率准直器组成，其特征是：双尾纤大功率准直器、滤波片及单尾纤大功率准直器依次设置；所述双尾纤大功率准直器中的一根光纤为入射光纤，另一根光纤为出射光纤，由入射光纤发出的某一波长的平行光照射到所述滤波片上，被反射后耦合到该双尾纤大功率准直器中的输出光纤中；由所述单尾纤大功率准直器输出的另一波长的平行光照射到所述滤波片上，透射后耦合到所述双尾纤大功率准直器的出射光纤中。 A high-power optical fiber frequency domain combiner based on the high-power collimator of claim 3, comprising a double-tailed high-power collimator, a filter and a single-tailed high-power collimator, wherein: A double-tailed high-power collimator, a filter, and a single-tailed high-power collimator are sequentially disposed; one of the two-tailed high-power collimators is an incident optical fiber, and the other optical fiber is an outgoing optical fiber. Parallel light of a certain wavelength emitted by the incident fiber is irradiated onto the filter, reflected and coupled to an output fiber in the twin-fiber high-power collimator; output by the single-tail fiber high-power collimator The parallel light of another wavelength is incident on the filter and is coupled to the exiting fiber of the twin fiber high power collimator.
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