Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F136/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F136/02—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F136/04—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
  • C08F136/08—Isoprene
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
  • B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
  • B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
  • B01J19/127—Sunlight; Visible light
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F120/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
  • C08F120/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
  • C08F120/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
  • C08F120/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
  • C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
  • C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
  • B01J2219/0869—Feeding or evacuating the reactor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
  • B01J2219/12—Processes employing electromagnetic waves
  • B01J2219/1203—Incoherent waves

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for polymerizing hydrocarbons.
• Polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form linear chains or a three-dimensional network of polymer chains.
• Conventional processes for polymerization include radical polymerization, cationic polymerization, anionic polymerization, photo-irradiation polymerization and coordination catalytic polymerization
• photo-irradiation polymerization process utilizes UV light emitted by various sources such as a filament-based lamp, vapor/gas-based lamp and the like.
• the filament-based or vapor/gas-based lamp used as a source of UV light emits defused or multi-directional UV light that exhibits a high rate of intensity decay with distance. Therefore, these lamps are incapable of inducing effective reactions which further lead to consumption of high amount of electrical power. Additionally, these lamps are bulky and have a short life period (8000- 15000 hours).
• LEDs Light Emitting Diodes
• the present disclosure provides a process for polymerization of a hydrocarbon comprises reacting, under agitation, the hydrocarbon and a photo-initiator in an atmosphere containing oxygen less than 0.65% in a reaction vessel by passing visible light of wavelength ranging from 390 to 780nm emitted by at least one light source, into the reaction vessel for a predetermined time period to obtain a polymerized hydrocarbon.
• an apparatus for polymerization of a hydrocarbon comprises a reaction vessel, a purging means to purge fluids into said reaction vessel, a guiding means to guide the light to a reaction zone of the reaction vessel, a centrally mounted stirrer and at least one light source.
• Figure 1(a) and 1(b) illustrate schematic illustration of the apparatus used for polymerization of hydrocarbons with light source placed inside and outside the reaction vessel respectively.
• At least one hydrocarbon and at least one photo-initiator is introduced in an atmosphere containing oxygen less than 0.65% into a reaction vessel and the mixture is agitated for a predetermined period of time.
• Hydrocarbons used in accordance with the present disclosure include but are not limited to isoprene, acrylic acid alcohol, epoxide, hydroxyacid, lactum and vinyl monomers.
• the hydrocarbon can be introduced in the reaction vessel in the form of a slurry or a solution. In one embodiment of the present disclosure the hydrocarbon is in the form of slurry.
• the hydrocarbon is heated at a temperature of 40 to 90°C before passing visible light into the reaction vessel.
• the photo-initiator used the present disclosure includes but is not limited to one or more peroxides selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide t- butylhydroperoxide, perbenzoic acid and peracetic acid.
• the amount of photo-initiator used in the process of present disclosure ranges from 20 to 800ppm.
• a low oxygen level is maintained in the reaction vessel.
• the oxygen is less than 0.65% in the reaction vessel.
• Oxygen can be removed when introducing hydrocarbon in the reaction vessel or during the step of agitating the mixture of hydrocarbon and photo-initiator in the reaction vessel. The oxygen must be removed from the reaction vessel, as oxygen hinders the photo-initiated polymerization process.
• the method step of agitation is carried out with the help of a rotating stirrer at speeds ranging from 200 to 850 rpm for a time period of 5 to 60 minutes.
• an atmosphere containing oxygen less than 0.65% is established in the reaction vessel by purging an inert gas and subsequently visible light is passed for a period of 2 to 12 hours into the reaction vessel to obtain the polymerized hydrocarbon.
• the light source from which the visible light of wavelength 390 to 780 nm is emitted, is a bank of solid state light emitting devices.
• the solid state light emitting devices includes but not limited to Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), LASER, Organic Electroluminescence material, Inorganic Electroluminescence, Organic Light Emitting Diodes and Inorganic Light Emitting Diodes.
• the light source is placed on at least one location selected from the group consisting of outside the reaction vessel, inside the reaction vessel and embedded on the walls of the reaction vessel.
• the distance between the exterior wall of the reaction vessel and the light source, placed outside the reaction vessel is in the range of 0.2 to 12 cm, preferably at a distance of 0.5 to 4cm.
• the step of passing light from a light source placed outside the reaction vessel includes guiding the beam of light to a reaction zone of reaction vessel in which the process is taking place.
• the apparatus includes a reaction vessel 1, purging means 3 and 4 to purge fluids into the reaction vessel, a centrally mounted stirrer 2 and at least one light source 6 placed inside the reaction vessel.
• the temperature in the reaction vessel is measured and maintained using a thermometer and heating bath 8 and 5 respectively.
• the apparatus of the present discloser also includes guiding means to guide the light from the light source to a reaction zone in the reaction vessel.
• the guiding means includes but is not limited to waveguide, lens and set of lenses. The entire set-up is supported using a clamping arrangement 7.
• the light source 6 is placed outside the reaction vessel keeping rest of the elements of the apparatus same as in the first embodiment.
• the light source from which the visible light of wavelength 390 to 780 nm is emitted, is solid state light emitting devices which includes but not limited to Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), LASER, Organic Electroluminescence material, Inorganic Electroluminescence, Organic Light Emitting Diodes, Inorganic Light emitting Diodes and combinations thereof.
• LEDs Light Emitting Diodes
• LASER Organic Electroluminescence material
• Inorganic Electroluminescence Inorganic Electroluminescence
• Organic Light Emitting Diodes Inorganic Light emitting Diodes and combinations thereof.
• the light source is placed on at least one location selected from the group consisting of outside the reaction vessel, inside the reaction vessel and embedded on the walls of the reaction vessel.
• the distance between the exterior wall of the reaction vessel and the bank of LEDs placed outside the reaction vessel is in the range of 0.2 to 12 cm, preferably at a distance of 0.5 to 4cm.
• the reaction vessel is glass walled and transparent.
• Example 3 Radical-initiated Polymerization of an Unsaturated Hydrocarbon in the absence of inert gas purging:
• the present disclosure provides the process for polymerizing hydrocarbons that is carried out without addition of an additive.
• the process for polymerizing hydrocarbons is carried out in solid state light emitting devices.
• the process for the polymerizing hydrocarbons is simple and cost effective and environmentally safe.
• the present disclosure also provides an apparatus for polymerizing hydrocarbons.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
• Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=53180343

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Families Citing this family (1)

Family Cites Families (17)

• 2014
  • 2014-10-16 IN IN3272MU2013 patent/IN2013MU03272A/en unknown
  • 2014-10-16 WO PCT/IN2014/000655 patent/WO2015075733A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2014-10-16 CN CN201811130106.8A patent/CN109651535A/zh active Pending
  • 2014-10-16 EP EP14863811.7A patent/EP3058000A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2014-10-16 US US15/029,957 patent/US9969825B2/en active Active
  • 2014-10-16 CN CN201480057162.7A patent/CN105658680A/zh active Pending
  • 2014-10-16 JP JP2016524464A patent/JP6598770B2/ja active Active

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events