WO2015072955A1

WO2015072955A1 - Hydraulic percussion device

Info

Publication number: WO2015072955A1
Application number: PCT/UA2014/000039
Authority: WO
Inventors: Иван Кириллович СЕДЛЕР
Original assignee: Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Украинская Импульсная Индустрия"
Priority date: 2013-11-14
Filing date: 2014-04-03
Publication date: 2015-05-21
Also published as: UA87002U

Abstract

A hydraulic percussion device intended for the impact-fracturing of rock and synthetic materials. The present invention contains a housing, in which are installed centering bushings, sealing bushings, a sleeve and a piston-striker, forming, within the housing, working-stroke and return-stroke chambers, and also high-pressure and low-pressure hydraulic accumulators. The working stroke chamber communicates periodically by means of a piston valve distributor with a pressure line or with a low-pressure hydraulic accumulator which, in turn, communicates with a drain line. The return-stroke chamber is in constant communication with a high-pressure hydraulic accumulator and with a pressure line. A compression ring is installed on the piston of the striker. Drainage chambers and channels are provided between the centering and sealing bushings. A wall of the sleeve is provided with a start channel, which puts into communication, by means of the distributor, the working stroke chamber and the pressure line. The present invention decreases hydraulic resistance and the likelihood of leakages of liquid between chambers. The present invention allows for guaranteeing the initiation of the device at any initial position of the piston-striker.

Description

HYDRAULIC SHOCK DEVICE

Technical field

The invention relates to the mining industry and is intended for impact destruction of rocks and artificial materials. It can also be used to generate vibrations in boreholes that are transformed into power shock waves for exposure to rocks through a fluid waveguide.

State of the art

Known [A.S. W 1 187529 A, SU, application NL> 3732407 / 22-03 from 04/26/1984, not publ., IPC E2 1 C 3/20] hydraulic shock mechanism, the housing of which contains working cavities that form, together with the bushings, a direct (working) chamber ) and reverse (idle) stroke, as well as high and low pressure hydraulic accumulators. The working and return cameras are made with the possibility of their communication with the corresponding accumulators. The hammer is made in the form of a piston with two rods (rods) of different diameters, with the help of which it is installed in the housing on the centering bushings. The described hydraulic percussion mechanism has an additional brake chamber, in which a device for braking and starting the striking piston is integrated. This device is made in the form of an annular valve with throttle openings. The disadvantages of this shock mechanism include the low reliability of its device for braking and starting the striking piston, as well as the high probability of leakage of the working fluid through the gaps between the parts of the mechanism and the inability to automatically remove it from the mechanism during its operation.

Also known [a.s. 1 804169 A, SU, application J \ T ° 4881018/03 from 1 1 .1 1 .1990, registered 9. 10. 1992, not publ., MP K E21 C 3/20] hydraulic shock mechanism, the body of which is made with working cavities and channels, a sleeve with channels and centering sleeves with seals are installed in it. A striker (piston-hammer) is mounted on these bushings with its rods of different diameters. The sleeve, centering sleeves and the body of the piston striker form the chamber working and idle. In this case, the idle chamber is made with the possibility of its constant communication with the pressure hydraulic line, and the working chamber is made with the possibility of its periodic communication through the distributor with the pressure and drain line. Pressure accumulators are not described in this shock mechanism.

The disadvantages of this analogue are the high probability of leakage (leakage) of the working fluid between the chambers, due to the design features of the percussion mechanism. Therefore, to reduce hydraulic losses, this mechanism provides for a bore on the inner surface of the sleeve and a high pressure stabilizer, which is hydraulically connected to the idle chamber. Also, a significant drawback of this analogue is the difficulty of starting the shock mechanism when, at the time of starting, the piston closes the channel for pumping the working fluid into the working chamber. The closest [a.s. M> 1293328 A1, SU, publ. 02/28/1987, bull. No. 8, IPC E21 C 3/20], based on the set of essential features for the claimed utility model, is a percussion device that contains a housing with cavities, a sleeve with channels and centering sleeves with seals. A piston-striker is installed on the bushings with its own rods of different diameters. The sleeve, centering sleeves and the body of the piston striker form the chamber working and idle. In this case, the idle chamber is made with the possibility of its communication with the pressure line, and the working chamber is made with the possibility of its periodic communication through a distributor with pressure and drain lines. Pressure accumulators and / or gas pressure stabilizers are not described in this device.

The disadvantages of the closest analogue include a high probability of leakage (leakage) of the working fluid between the working and idle chambers, due to the design features of the percussion mechanism. Therefore, to ensure the possibility of collecting leaking fluid, an annular groove is made in the sleeve, which forms a control cavity with the housing. Automatic removal (drainage) of leaked working fluid from the control cavity is carried out using an additional outlet in the distributor. This tap is made with the possibility of communication of the control cavity with the pressure line during the idle piston-striker and with the drain line during the working stroke of the piston-striker. A significant drawback of the closest analogue is also the difficulty of starting the shock mechanism in the case when the piston blocks the communication of the working chamber with the pressure line. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The basis of the invention is the task to improve the hydraulic shock device by equipping it with additional sealing and starting elements, as well as simple and effective means for collecting and automatically removing the working fluid from the mechanism, which seeps through the gaps of the rubbing surfaces. These improvements reduce the likelihood of fluid overflow between the chambers, reduce hydraulic resistance, and increase the efficiency, reliability, and service life of the device.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known hydraulic shock device, which contains a housing with working cavities and channels installed in the housing of the sleeve with channels and bushings, together forming a high-pressure accumulator with the housing, which is made with the possibility of constant communication with the pressure hydraulic line, and low pressure hydraulic accumulator, which is made with the possibility of continuous communication with the drain line and periodic communication through a distributor with a pressure head an idler mounted on the centering bushings with its rods of different diameters by a piston-striker, formed by a sleeve, centering sleeves and piston-striker, an idle chamber with the possibility of its communication with a high-pressure accumulator, and a working chamber with the possibility of its communication through a distributor with a low-pressure accumulator or with a pressure line, according to the invention, a compression ring is installed on the piston of the striker with the possibility of its sliding inside the sleeve, the sleeve and centering sleeves are installed claimed in use the housing of sealing sleeves, drainage chambers are made between centering and sealing sleeves with the possibility of their communication with drainage and drain lines, and a launch channel is made in the sleeve wall, which communicates a working chamber with a pressure line through the distributor.

At the same time, a recess is made on the end surface of the centering sleeve forming the working chamber, the cavity of which is constantly in communication with the cavity of the launch channel.

The proposed installation on the piston of the striker of the compression ring with the possibility of its sliding inside the sleeve reduces the likelihood of rapid wear of the sleeve and piston, and as a result, the leakage of the working fluid between the chambers of working and idling. At the same time, the compression ring is an additional centering support for the piston-hammer, which helps to reduce the loads on the seals of the centering sleeves and reduce their wear.

In addition, in the manufacture of the compression ring from an antifriction material (for example, from a modified fluoroplastic), the wear of the inner surface of the sleeve is also reduced.

The proposed placement of the sleeve and centering sleeves in the housing using the sealing sleeves provides the possibility of technologically simple implementation of the drainage chambers between the centering and sealing sleeves. The presence of these chambers provides the ability to collect the working fluid, which is squeezed out of the chambers of the working and idle through the gaps between the rods and centering sleeves. The communication of these chambers with drainage and drain lines provides automatic removing leaking working fluid from the percussion mechanism in the process of its operation.

The implementation of an additional launch channel in the sleeve wall, which constantly communicates the travel chamber with the pressure line through the distributor, ensures trouble-free start-up of the device in the event that in the initial position the striker piston completely blocks the radial channels of the working fluid supply to the stroke chamber made in the sleeve.

Performing on the end surface of the centering sleeve, forming the working chamber, an additional undercut with the possibility of a constant communication of its cavity with the cavity of the launch channel, provide the ability to start the device even if the piston is in its extreme (highest) initial position.

Description of the drawing

The essence of the invention is illustrated by the drawing, which shows a longitudinal section of the proposed hydraulic shock device. This section is combined with the circuit diagram of the power supply of the device with a liquid energy carrier (working fluid).

The hydraulic shock device comprises a housing 1 with cavities 2, 3, 4, 5 and channels 6, 7, 8. Channel 6 is used to connect the cavity 2 to the pressure (pumping working fluid) line 9, channel 7 to connect the cavity 3 through the spool the distributor 1 0 to the drain line 1 1, and the channel 8 for connecting the device to the drain line 12. The cavity 4 is connected through the distributor 10 to the pressure line 13 or to the drain line 14 (shown in dashed line in the drawing). The number 15 indicates the hydraulic motor (spool drive distributor 10). In the housing 1, a sleeve 16 with radial channels 17, 18 and centering sleeves 19, 20 are installed. The sleeve 16 and centering sleeves 19, 20 are installed in the housing 1 using sealing sleeves 21 and 22 with oil seals 23. The sleeve 22 is made in the form of a cover-cap . In the centering bushings 19 and 20, a piston-striker 26 is installed with its rods 24 and 25. The diameter of the rod 24 is made larger than the diameter of the rod 25. Due to the difference in the sizes of these diameters, the areas of the lateral (working) surfaces of the piston 26 are also different. A compression ring 27 is installed in the annular groove of the piston 26 with the possibility of its sliding inside the sleeve 16. The sleeve 16 with a cavity 2 form a high-pressure accumulator in the housing 1. The sleeve 16, the sealing sleeve 22 and the cavity 3 form in the housing 1 a hydraulic accumulator of low pressure. The inner wall of the sleeve 1 6, the end surface of the centering sleeve 20, the body of the rod 25 and the side surface of the piston 26 form a chamber 28 of the stroke. This chamber is configured to communicate through channels 17 and through a distributor 10 with a pressure line 13 or with a cavity 3 of a low pressure accumulator. An annular undercut 29 is made on the end surface of the centering sleeve 20. An inclined launch channel 30 is made in the wall of the sleeve 16 so that the entrance to this channel is in the cavity 4 of the housing, and the exit is in the cavity of the undercut 29. The inner wall of the sleeve 16, the end surface of the centering sleeves 1 9, the body of the rod 24 and the side surface of the piston 26 form an idle chamber 3 1. This camera is made with the possibility of its communication through channels 18 with a cavity 2 of the high pressure accumulator. On the end surfaces of the sealing sleeves 21 and 22, respectively facing the centering sleeves 19 and 20, ring grooves are made. So In this way, drainage chambers 32 and 33 are formed between the bushings 21 and 19, and also between the bushings 22 and 20. The chamber 32 is configured to communicate through the drainage channel 34 to the channel 8. The chamber 33 is configured to communicate through the drainage channels 35 of the sealing sleeve 22 with a cavity 3 low pressure accumulators. The shank of the device, which strikes the piston-striker 26, is indicated by the number 36. In the drawing, the position of the piston-striker 26 is shown at the time it strikes the shank 36. Description of the operation of the device.

The proposed hydraulic shock device operates as follows. The working fluid along the pressure line 9, through the channel 6 in the housing 1, the cavity 2 of the high pressure accumulator and through the channel 18 in the sleeve 16 is pumped into the idle chamber 3 1. At the same time, through the distributor 10, the cavity 4 and the radial channels 17, the working fluid is pumped into the chamber 28 of the stroke. Due to the fact that the area of the lateral (working) surface of the piston 26 in the working stroke chamber 28 is larger than the lateral surface of the piston 26 in the idle chamber 3, the striking piston 26 makes its working stroke (downward in the drawing) and strikes the end of the shank 36. During the working stroke, the chamber 28 and the cavity 3 of the low pressure accumulator are disconnected. After striking, the distributor 1 0 switches, communicating the working chamber 28 through the distributor 10 with a low-pressure accumulator and with a drain line 14. The pressure in the working chamber 28 decreases. Therefore, under the action of the pressure of the working fluid pumped from the line 9 into the idle chamber 31, the striking piston 26 idles (upwards in the drawing). The flow of working fluid between the chambers 28 and 3 1 is prevented by the compression ring 27. After completion of idling, the distributor 1 0 switches, reporting the working stroke chamber 28 to the pressure line 13. Again, due to the difference in the area of the lateral surfaces of the piston 26, the striking piston makes a working stroke (down). Further cycles are repeated.

When making the stroke, the piston body 26 overlaps the radial channel 18, and when idling, the radial channel 17. Thus, in the chambers 28 and 3 1 the working fluid pressure is created, which is necessary to brake the piston-hammer 26 and prevent impacts of the lateral surfaces of the piston 26 о end surfaces of the centering sleeves 19 and 20.

In the event that before starting the device, the body of its piston 26 completely blocks the radial channels 17, the working fluid is pumped into the chamber 28 through the start channel 30 directly, or through the channel 30 and additionally through the recess 29.

The working fluid leaked through the gaps is collected in the drainage chambers 32 and 33. From the chamber 32 it is discharged into the drainage line 12 through channels 34 and 8, and to the drain line 1 1 from the chamber 33 through channels 35.

Industrial applicability

The invention can find wide application in the mining industry and is intended for impact destruction of rocks and artificial materials. Also, the invention can be used to generate vibrations in boreholes that are converted into power shock waves for exposure to rocks through a liquid waveguide.

Claims

CLAIM

one . A hydraulic shock device, consisting of a housing with working cavities and channels installed in the housing of the sleeve with channels and bushings, together forming with the housing a high-pressure accumulator, which is made with the possibility of constant communication with the pressure hydraulic line, and a low-pressure accumulator, which is made with the possibility continuous communication with the drain line and periodic communication through a distributor with a pressure line installed on its centering bushings currents of different diameters of the piston-striker formed by the sleeve, centering bushings and the piston-striker of the idle chamber with the possibility of its communication with the high-pressure accumulator, and the working chamber with the possibility of its communication through a distributor with a low-pressure accumulator or with a pressure line, characterized in that a compression ring is installed on the piston of the striker with the possibility of sliding inside the sleeve, the sleeve and centering sleeves are installed in the housing using sealing sleeves, between the prices Directional chambers are made with rubbing and sealing bushings with the possibility of their communication with the drainage and drain lines, and a launch channel is made in the sleeve wall, which communicates the working chamber with the pressure line through the distributor.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a recess is made on the end surface of the centering sleeve forming the working chamber, the cavity of which is constantly in communication with the cavity of the launch channel.