RU2623159C1 - Hydraulic hammer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: hydraulic hammer contains a carcase with a pressure and drain channels and with a reciprocating motion of the gauging board mounted therein for transmitting a force pulse to the working tool. The gauging board has a pressure channel, an overflow channel, a drain channel and a control channel. At the top of the gauging board is a hole in which the control valve is located. The control valve contains control channels and forms a control cavity with a gauging board. The gauging board forms a pressure cavity, an overflow cavity and a drain cavity with the carcase. The pressure cavity is connected to the pressure line through the pressure channel of the carcase. Drain cavity is connected to a drain line through the drain channel of the carcase.

EFFECT: simplified hydraulic hammer's design and increased reliability of its work.

11 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining and construction industries, in particular to hydraulic percussion mechanisms, and is intended for use as replaceable equipment for road construction machines for breaking hard rocks, road surfaces, concrete structures and the like.

The prior art hydrovolume percussion mechanism of a drilling machine, consisting of a housing in which a tool, a composite sleeve and a piston-striker is located, including a striker with a sleeve pressed onto its rod part and a volume piston. In the central longitudinal bore of the striker, a spring-loaded double-lever double-position spool is placed. The device has a hydraulic accumulator. The striking piston forms an idle chamber with a sleeve, which is constantly connected to the pressure line of the hydraulic system, a working chamber and a drain cavity, which is constantly connected to the drain of the hydraulic system. Working channels, a drain channel, a control channel, and a pressure channel system are made in the piston striker. The spool has a notch chamber and a rod control chamber. Liquid is supplied to the percussion mechanism along the pressure line. The liquid is drained along the drain line. The spool is made with a one-sided stem and has end chambers (SU 899891, 01/23/1982).

The disadvantage of this hydrostatic shock mechanism is the design complexity, low production and operation of the hydraulic hammer.

A percussion device is known, including a housing that forms a cavity with a piston-striker, periodically communicated through a control unit with pressure or drain lines, and a tool. The control unit is made in the form of a spring-loaded spool located in the bore of the body with the first and second channels, a groove and two end bores, and two plungers of different diameters placed in the bores of the spool and forming control cavities with it, and a smaller spool is placed on the side of the spring the diameter of the plunger. The first channel and the groove of the spool periodically report the control cavity located on the spring side with a pressure or drain lines, and the second channel of the spool communicates another control cavity with a pressure line (SU 1372039, 02/07/1988).

However, in this design, the above disadvantages are not eliminated.

As the closest analogue (prototype) of the claimed invention, it is possible to take a hydraulic hammer, including a drill stand rotator with a hydraulic motor and a percussion mechanism, in which a piston-hammer is placed, forming a drain, pressure and accumulating chambers with it, made with an energy-supplying channel and installed in axial bore spring-loaded control spool. An auxiliary cavity is formed in the shock mechanism, formed by the annular bore of the body and the outer surface of the piston-striker and is constantly in communication with the hydraulic motor of the drill stand rotator and the hydraulic accumulator, which is mounted in the hydraulic motor line. Additional channels are made in the piston striker for periodic communication of its energy-supplying channel with the pressure chamber or auxiliary cavity, depending on the position of the control spool (SU 663831, 05.25.1979).

The disadvantages of this design of the hydraulic hammer are the complexity of the design, low efficiency of production and operation of the hydraulic hammer.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to create a hydraulic hammer that would eliminate the above disadvantages.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of this invention is to simplify the design, improve reliability, production efficiency and operation of the hydraulic hammer.

The specified technical result in a hydraulic hammer containing a housing with pressure and drain channels and installed in it with the possibility of reciprocating movement of the striker for transmitting a force impulse to a working tool having a pressure channel, overflow channel, drain channel and control channel, and in the upper part of which a hole is made in which the control spool is located, containing control channels and forming a control cavity with the striker, while the striker forms a pressure cavity, an overflow cavity and a drain a cavity, and the pressure cavity through the pressure channel of the body is connected to the pressure line, and the drain cavity through the drain channel of the body is connected to the drain line.

The hammer includes a lower stem, an upper stem and a piston.

The diameter of the lower rod is larger than the diameter of the upper rod.

The control spool is preloaded by a spring abutting against the plug installed in the upper stem of the striker.

The control valve under the action of the spring is pressed against the end face of the hole in the hammer from the side of the control cavity.

The working tool is installed in the lower part of the housing.

At the top of the case is an energy accumulator.

An energy accumulator is a pneumatic accumulator or a hydraulic accumulator.

One of the control channels in the control spool is made longitudinal and the other transverse.

The control spool is made with belts.

The hole in the striker, in which the control spool is located, is made with grooves.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a schematic diagram of a hydraulic hammer.

Accepted designations:

1 - Case

2 - Striker

3 - Spool control

4 - Work tool

5 - Pressure channel of the housing 1

6 - drain channel 1

7 - Lower stock

8 - Upper stem

9 - Piston

10 - Hole (longitudinal axial)

11, 12, 13 - Grooves in hole 10 of striker 2

14 - Pressure channel in striker 2

15 - Overflow channel in striker 2

16 - Drain channel in striker 2

17 - Control channel in striker 2

18 - Longitudinal groove

19, 20 - Control valve grooves

21 - Longitudinal control channel

22 - Transverse control channels

23 - Pressure cavity

24 - Overflow cavity

25 - Drain cavity

26 - Energy Battery

27, 28 - Control cavity

29 - Spring

30 - Cork

31 - Pressure line

32 - Drain line

The hydraulic hammer contains a housing 1, a hammer 2, a control valve 3 and a working tool 4.

In the housing 1, a pressure channel 5 and a drain channel 6 are made.

The firing pin 2 comprises a lower rod 7, an upper rod 8 and a piston 9, the diameter of the lower rod 7 being larger than the diameter of the upper rod 8. In the upper part of the firing pin 2 there is a (longitudinal axial) hole 10 with grooves 11, 12 and 13. In addition, the firing pin 2 has a pressure channel 14, an overflow channel 15, a drain channel 16 and a control channel 17. On the outer surface of the upper rod 8 there is a longitudinal groove 18 connected to the control channel 17.

The control valve 3 has grooves 19 and 20 and control channels: a longitudinal control channel 21 and a transverse control channel 22.

The hammer 2 is installed in the housing 1 and forms with it a pressure cavity 23, an overflow cavity 24, a drain cavity 25 and a cavity of the energy accumulator 26.

The control valve 3 is installed in the hole 10 of the striker 2 and forms control cavities 27 and 28 with it. The control valve 3 is pressed by a spring 29 resting against the plug 30.

The pressure cavity 23 through the pressure channel 5 is connected to the pressure line 31. The drain cavity 25 through the drain channel 6 is connected to the drain line 32.

At the bottom of the hydraulic hammer, a working tool 4 is installed.

The energy accumulator 26 is a pneumatic accumulator (the cavity of the energy accumulator 26 is filled with compressed gas) or a hydraulic accumulator.

The hydraulic hammer works as follows.

In the initial position of the firing pin 2 under the influence of gas pressure in the cavity of the energy accumulator 26 is pressed against the working tool 4. The control valve 3 under the action of the spring 29 is pressed to the end of the hole 10 from the side of the control cavity 27.

The working fluid from the pressure line 31 through the pressure channel 5 of the housing 1 under pressure enters the pressure cavity 23. The pressure of the liquid, acting on the piston 9, causes the hammer 2 to move towards the energy accumulator 26, compressing, for example, the gas located there. There is a platoon striker. When this working fluid from the overflow cavity 24 through the overflow channel 15 in the striker 2, the grooves 12, 20 and 13, the drain channel 16 in the striker 2, the drain cavity 25, the drain channel 6 of the housing 1 goes into the drain line 32.

At the end of the platoon of the striker 2, the drain channel 16 in the striker 2 rises above the upper edge of the drain cavity 25. As a result, the overflow cavity 24 is disconnected from the drain line 32. With a further platoon of the striker 2, the liquid in the overflow cavity 24 through the control channels 22 and 21 3, is displaced into the control cavity 27 and, acting on the control spool 3, moves it up to the stop in the plug 30, compressing the spring 29. In this case, the liquid from the control cavity 28 through the channel 17 in the hammer 2 is displaced into the drain cavity 25. Thus , n PORN cavity 23 through the flow channel 14 in the striker 2, grooves 11, 19, 12, and an overflow channel 15 in striker 2 is connected to the overflow cavity 24. The pressure in the cavities 23 and 24 are aligned. The hammer 2 under the influence of gas pressure in the cavity of the energy accumulator 26 stops, and then accelerates in the opposite direction, making a working stroke before hitting the tool 4. During the working stroke, the liquid in the pressure cavity 23 and the liquid entering through the channel 5 of the housing 1 from the pressure line 31, is displaced into the overflow cavity 24. Moreover, due to the difference in the diameters of the lower rod 7 and the upper rod 8, the pressure of the fluid entering the overflow cavity 24 acts on the hammer 2, increasing the impact energy.

At the end of the stroke, the lower edge of the groove 18 falls below the upper edge of the overflow cavity 24. The control cavity 27 through the control channels 21 and 22 of the control spool 3, the groove 12, the overflow channel 15 in the hammer 2, the overflow cavity 24, the longitudinal groove 18 and the control channel 17 in the striker 2 it is connected to the control cavity 28. The fluid pressure in the control cavities 27 and 28 is equalized, and the control valve 3 under the action of the spring 29 moves to its original position.

Next, the cycle of work is repeated.

In the claimed invention, an increase in the efficiency of the hydraulic hammer is achieved.

Claims (11)

1. Hydrohammer, characterized in that it comprises a housing with pressure and drain channels and with a striker mounted therein with the possibility of reciprocating movement to transmit a force impulse to a working tool having a pressure channel, overflow channel, drain channel and control channel, and in the upper part of which a hole is made in which the control spool is located, containing control channels and forming a control cavity with the striker, while the striker forms a pressure cavity, an overflow cavity and a drain cavity with the housing, than the pressure cavity through the pressure channel of the body is connected to the pressure line, and the drain cavity through the drain channel of the body is connected to the drain line. 2. The hydraulic hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the hammer comprises a lower rod, an upper rod and a piston. 3. The hydraulic hammer according to claim 2, characterized in that the diameter of the lower rod is larger than the diameter of the upper rod. 4. The hydraulic hammer according to claim 2, characterized in that the control valve is pressed by a spring abutting against a plug installed in the upper rod of the hammer. 5. The hydraulic hammer according to claim 4, characterized in that the control valve under the action of the spring is pressed against the end face of the hole in the hammer from the side of the control cavity. 6. The hydraulic hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the working tool is installed in the lower part of the housing. 7. The hydraulic hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that an energy accumulator is located in the upper part of the housing. 8. The hydraulic hammer according to claim 7, characterized in that the energy accumulator is a pneumatic accumulator or a hydraulic accumulator. 9. The hydraulic hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the control channels in the control spool is made longitudinal and the other transverse. 10. The hydraulic hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the control valve is made with belts. 11. The hydraulic hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the hole in the hammer in which the control valve is located is made with grooves.

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