WO2015064528A1 - Rembourrage d'absorption de chocs, vêtement comportant ce rembourrage fixé à celui-ci et procédé empêchant une fracture du fémur - Google Patents

Rembourrage d'absorption de chocs, vêtement comportant ce rembourrage fixé à celui-ci et procédé empêchant une fracture du fémur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015064528A1
WO2015064528A1 PCT/JP2014/078474 JP2014078474W WO2015064528A1 WO 2015064528 A1 WO2015064528 A1 WO 2015064528A1 JP 2014078474 W JP2014078474 W JP 2014078474W WO 2015064528 A1 WO2015064528 A1 WO 2015064528A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
impact
absorbing pad
pad
shock absorbing
main body
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2014/078474
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
未秋 柴谷
安藤　寛
創太 山本
雄一 高島
泰士 中村
翔太 伊藤
Original Assignee
株式会社カネカ
学校法人芝浦工業大学
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Application filed by 株式会社カネカ, 学校法人芝浦工業大学 filed Critical 株式会社カネカ
Priority to JP2015544981A priority Critical patent/JP6491104B2/ja
Publication of WO2015064528A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015064528A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
    • A41D13/0506—Hip
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/28—Shock absorbing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F5/00—Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
    • A61F5/01—Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces
    • A61F5/0102—Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces specially adapted for correcting deformities of the limbs or for supporting them; Ortheses, e.g. with articulations
    • A61F2005/0181—Protectors for articulations
    • A61F2005/0183—Hip protectors, e.g. for elderly people

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a shock absorbing pad that can be used for the purpose of preventing a fracture at the time of a fall, particularly a fracture when an elderly person falls, by attaching it to an appropriate part of the waistline of clothing, particularly underwear, and the like
  • the present invention relates to a garment equipped with the garment, in particular a garment such as pants, and a method for preventing a femoral fracture.
  • Non-patent Document 1 As one factor that makes elderly people bedridden, fractures caused by falls, especially femoral neck fractures are known (Non-patent Document 1). Elderly people, especially elderly women, are fragile due to osteoporosis and the like, and young people have a high risk of fractures caused by falls caused by light trips that do not cause fractures. In the survey of the estimation of the incidence of femoral neck fractures, the number of femoral neck fractures in one year has more than doubled from 53,200 in 1987 to 148,100 in 2007 reflecting the aging of the population. It is increasing (Non-patent Document 2), and from the viewpoint of an increase in medical expenses and QOL of elderly people, it is significant to prevent not only treatment but also its occurrence.
  • Prophylactic methods that have been demonstrated to be effective for femoral neck fractures include a method of administering a drug that increases bone density and a method of wearing a hip protector as a protective device (Non-patent Document 3). . Wearing a hip protector is intended for elderly people who have a high risk of falling, so it is necessary to use it all day.
  • a hip protector using a dome-shaped member made of a hard resin such as polypropylene foam as a hard pad has been proposed (Patent Document 1). Since the hard pad is an external force diffusion type that obtains external force attenuation by the elasticity of the material, the impact absorbing performance can be enhanced by increasing the area to which the external force is applied.
  • a hip protector using a hard pad has a poor feeling of wearing, and may be consciously or unconsciously removed at bedtime, for example, and may fall into the gap and fracture.
  • a soft pad made of an acrylic polymer has been proposed to improve the wearing feeling (Patent Document 2).
  • the hip protector using a soft pad has improved wearing feeling compared to the hip protector using a hard pad, but the soft pad is an external force absorption type that attenuates by converting the external force into its deformation.
  • the soft pad is an external force absorption type that attenuates by converting the external force into its deformation.
  • it is necessary to increase the thickness.
  • the shape of the pad is known from the appearance, and it is difficult for an elderly woman who cares about the appearance. Moreover, it cannot be said that air permeability is sufficient.
  • hip protectors are often underwear-type like pants because they need to be worn all day.
  • hard pads and pads that are soft but lack surface flexibility are often troublesome to put on and take off.
  • caregivers sometimes help with attachment / detachment in the toilet.
  • conventional hip protectors are still unpopular because it takes time to attach / detach.
  • the pad used for the hip protector has shock absorption performance to prevent femoral neck fracture, wearing feeling that does not give discomfort even if it is used all day, breathability, thinness that does not impair the appearance, and it does not take time when attaching and detaching, There is a demand for flexibility in the surface direction that does not give a sense of incongruity such as catching, but there is currently no one that satisfies all the conditions.
  • a waist protection device including a main chamber that is filled with a gel-like substance and an auxiliary chamber that is in contact with a portion corresponding to the front side of the human body with respect to the main chamber, and a porous body having deformation recovery properties
  • a human body shock absorber including a bag body that encloses a porous body in an airtight manner and a vent hole provided in the bag body.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high shock absorption performance for preventing a hip fracture, which is required for a shock absorption pad used in a hip protector, and an excellent wearing feeling and air permeability that do not cause discomfort even if used all day. It is another object of the present invention to provide an impact-absorbing pad excellent in appearance and detachability at the time of wearing, a garment equipped with the pad, and a femoral fracture prevention method.
  • the shock absorbing pad according to the present invention includes a pad main body having a shock absorbing action and an impact avoiding portion formed of a through hole or a concave portion formed in the pad main body, and the shock avoiding portion corresponds to the greater femoral trochanter portion.
  • the shock absorbing pad is worn along the human body and prevents the fracture of the femur so that the maximum length in the width direction is larger than the maximum length in the vertical direction in the impact avoidance portion. It is characterized by setting.
  • This shock absorbing pad is provided with an impact avoidance portion consisting of a through hole or a concave portion in a portion facing the femoral great trochanter portion, so that it seems that the femoral great trochanter portion is not sufficiently protected. Nevertheless, this shock absorption pad has a shape that the impact avoiding part is longer in the width direction than the up-down direction, so that it falls down in various walking postures that combine walking state and walking speed. It can prevent the shock caused by the femoral trochanter part from being directly transmitted to the femoral trochanter part, and can disperse and relieve the impact transmitted to the femoral trochanter part. be able to.
  • the pad main body is composed of a shock-absorbing material
  • the shock-absorbing pad has good flexibility and is provided with an impact avoiding portion including a through hole or a concave portion. Therefore, it can be deformed relatively easily.
  • this shock-absorbing pad is easy to adapt to the uneven shape of the human body surface, has an excellent wearing feeling that does not cause uncomfortable use throughout the day, has almost no change in appearance due to wearing, for example, the upper end of the pad main body and the impact It is easy to attach and detach by gripping the upper end of the avoidance part with a hand, and can be attached and detached without trouble and uncomfortable feeling such as catching.
  • the impact avoidance part which consists of a through-hole, it is remarkably excellent also in air permeability.
  • the impact avoiding portion has an oval shape that is long in the width direction.
  • an ellipse is a rounded rectangle in which the rectangular short sides or four corners of the rectangle are replaced with arcuate curves, and includes shapes such as oval and ellipse.
  • the sides (long sides) of the ellipse that face in the vertical direction are substantially parallel.
  • the length of the maximum portion in the width direction of the impact avoiding portion (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “maximum length in the width direction”) is 55 mm or more and 100 mm or less, more preferably 70 mm or more and 90 mm or less. Set to. If the maximum length in the width direction is less than 55 mm, the impact due to falling may be easily transmitted directly to the large femoral trochanter. If the maximum length in the width direction exceeds 100 mm, the greater femoral trochanter part protrudes from the impact avoiding part to the outside of the pad body, and the effect of dispersing and mitigating the impact caused by the fall, The effect of preventing direct transmission to the child part may be insufficient.
  • the distance from the upper end of the impact avoiding portion to the upper end of the pad body (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “upper end distance”) is set to 10 mm or more. If the upper end distance is less than 10 mm, the impact force absorbing action by the pad body and the impact force diffusing action by the pad body are reduced, and the impact absorbing effect may not be sufficiently secured.
  • the distance from the lower end of the impact avoiding portion to the lower end of the pad main body (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “lower end distance”) is set to 40 mm or more, more preferably 45 mm to 100 mm.
  • the lower end distance is less than 40 mm, the effect of preventing the direct transmission of the impact due to the fall to the greater trochanter of the femur and the effect of dispersing and mitigating the impact transmitted to the greater trochanter of the femur can be sufficiently exhibited.
  • the number of walking postures may be reduced.
  • At least one first mitigation portion comprising a through hole or a recess having an upper end at a position of 5 mm or more and 50 mm or less from the lower end of the impact avoidance portion is provided below the impact avoidance portion in the pad body,
  • the length of the maximum part of the first reduction part is set to 5 mm or more and 50 mm or less. This maximum portion may be in the vertical direction or in the width direction, and further in the oblique direction.
  • the first mitigation part can prevent the impact caused by the fall from acting on the upper part of the femoral shaft and can more effectively prevent the femoral neck fracture.
  • the first mitigation part can further improve air permeability and reduce stuffiness, and the impact absorbing pad can be made lighter, and the pad body can be made even more flexible. Can be further reduced.
  • two first mitigation parts are provided side by side. If comprised in this way, since one impact avoidance part and two 1st mitigation parts are arrange
  • the flexibility of the pad main body can be improved, and the uncomfortable feeling at the time of attachment / detachment can be further effectively reduced.
  • the second mitigation portion including one or more through holes or recesses is provided in 50% or less of the total area other than the impact avoidance portion and the first mitigation portion in the pad main body.
  • the second mitigation part enables further reduction of stuffiness due to further improvement in air permeability, and further reduces the weight of the shock absorbing pad, and increases the flexibility of the pad main body for attachment / detachment. The feeling of strangeness at the time can be further reduced.
  • the thickness of the pad body is set to 13 mm or less, particularly preferably 3 mm to 13 mm.
  • the fit of the shock absorbing pad to the human body surface is improved, a good wearing feeling is obtained, and it is difficult for others to notice that the shock absorbing pad is mounted on the human body.
  • the thickness of the pad main body exceeds 13 mm, the shock absorbing pad line is exposed on the surface of the garment, which may impair the appearance of wearing the garment, and the impact absorbing pad has a flexibility in the surface direction. There is a risk that the feeling of wearing will decrease.
  • the pad main body is made of an elastomer, and the elastomer comprises a polymer block having isobutylene as a constituent monomer and a polymer block having an aromatic vinyl monomer as a constituent monomer.
  • This is an isobutylene block copolymer.
  • the elastomer contains a tackifying resin.
  • the impact-absorbing property of the elastomer near the body temperature can be enhanced by the tackifier resin.
  • the elastomer is a foam.
  • the impact absorption of the pad main body and the fit to the human body can be further improved, and further, the feeling of wearing can be improved by reducing the weight.
  • a garment according to the present invention comprises a garment main body, and any one of the above-described shock absorbing pads that is detachably attached to the garment main body so that the impact avoiding portion is disposed corresponding to the greater femoral trochanter portion.
  • the shock absorbing pad is attached to the garment body so that the shock avoiding portion of the shock absorbing pad is arranged corresponding to the large femoral trochanter portion.
  • the shock is dispersed and absorbed in the peripheral part of the pad main body and the large trochanter part facing it so that the impact avoiding part does not act directly on the large trochanter part by the impact avoidance part. By doing so, the fracture of the femoral neck can be effectively prevented.
  • the shock absorbing pad can be removed from the garment body and the garment body can be washed, making it possible to share the expensive shock absorbing pad with multiple clothes. , Can reduce the user's economic burden.
  • the clothing body is innerwear. If the garment is an inner wear to which the shock absorbing pad is attached, it is easy to adjust the shock avoiding part of the shock absorbing pad so that it is almost exactly at the position of the greater trochanter part of the femur, and the wearer The displacement of the shock absorbing pad due to the various operations can be reduced.
  • the shock absorbing pad is mounted so that the impact avoiding portion of any of the shock absorbing pads corresponds to the greater trochanter portion of the femur.
  • the shock absorbing pad is attached so that the shock avoiding portion of the shock absorbing pad corresponds to the large trochanter portion of the femoral fracture, a large shock due to falling from various postures is applied to the pad main body and It is absorbed and relaxed by dispersing it in the peripheral part of the greater trochanter part facing it, and the impact avoidance part prevents the impact force from acting directly on the greater trochanter part of the femur. Neck fractures can be effectively prevented.
  • the shock absorbing pad and the garment fitted with the shock absorbing pad and the femoral fracture prevention method according to the present invention by disposing the shock absorbing pad so that the shock avoiding portion includes a region corresponding to the greater femoral trochanter portion, While maintaining a good feeling of wearing, appearance at the time of wearing, and air permeability, it is possible to remarkably prevent a femoral neck fracture due to a fall of an elderly person or the like.
  • the vertical direction of the paper surface is the vertical direction of the shock absorbing pads 14 to 19, 40
  • the horizontal direction substantially perpendicular to the vertical direction of the paper surface is the shock absorbing pads 14 to 19,
  • the width direction is 40.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view schematically showing a configuration of an impact absorbing pad 14 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the shock absorbing pad 14 is formed on the pad main body 20 having a shock absorbing action, and the maximum length W in the width direction is the maximum length L in the vertical direction.
  • 22b formed below the impact avoiding portion 21 in the pad body 10 and at positions spaced in the width direction from both ends in the width direction of the first mitigating portion 22a.
  • 2nd mitigation part 23a, 23b which is a through-hole larger diameter than part 22a, 22b.
  • the shock absorbing pad 14 has its vertical direction along the vertical direction of the human body with the head in the upright posture of the human body with the head on the upper side and the foot on the lower side, and the impact avoiding portion 21 corresponds to the greater trochanter portion of the human body. (I.e., so that the impact avoiding portion 21 is located at the position of the greater trochanter of the femur and its surroundings), it is attached to one or both sides, preferably both sides of the human body, whereby the femoral neck It prevents fractures.
  • the shock absorbing pad 14 can be arranged so that the region of the human body surface that the impact avoiding portion 21 faces partially includes the femoral greater trochanter portion, but the femoral bone via the pad main body 20. From the viewpoint of reducing the impact force transmitted to the greater trochanter as much as possible, it is preferable that the region of the human body surface that the impact avoiding portion 21 faces is disposed so as to substantially include the greater femoral trochanter.
  • the pad main body 20 the impact avoiding unit 21, the first mitigating units 22a and 22b, and the second mitigating units 23a and 23b will be described in further detail in order.
  • the shape of the pad main body 20 is not limited to the shape of the present embodiment, and may be a circle, an ellipse, a polygon such as a rectangle or a rhombus. Further, the pad main body 20 has at least one selected from an arbitrarily shaped through hole and unevenness in an arbitrary position in addition to the impact avoiding portion 21, the first mitigating portions 22a and 22b, and the second mitigating portions 23a and 23b. You may do it. From the viewpoint of further improving the air permeability, a through hole is preferable.
  • the dimensions of the pad main body 20 are not particularly limited as long as the impact avoiding portion 21 can be mounted so as to be positioned at the femoral greater trochanter portion and its surroundings, but the feeling of mounting, the appearance change at the time of mounting, detachability, etc. Therefore, it is desirable that the vertical direction is preferably in the range of 100 mm to 200 mm, more preferably in the range of 130 mm to 195 mm, and the width direction is preferably in the range of 80 mm to 150 mm, more preferably in the range of 100 mm to 140 mm. In particular, by setting the vertical direction to 130 mm or more and 195 mm or less, the number of walking postures that can reduce the risk of femoral neck fracture due to falls can be further increased.
  • the dimension between one end of the pad main body 20 and the end of the impact avoiding portion 21 on the side close to the end in the width direction is not particularly limited, but preferably 5 mm or more. About 30 mm or less, more preferably about 10 mm or more and 20 mm or less. Thereby, the effect of the pad main body 20 and the impact avoidance part 21 is fully exhibited.
  • the thickness of the pad main body 20 is not particularly limited, it is possible to suppress a decrease in wearing feeling due to a decrease in flexibility in the surface direction of the pad main body 20, and the appearance that the shock absorbing pad 14 is easily noticed by other people. From the standpoint of preventing the deterioration of properties, it is preferably set to 13 mm or less, more preferably 10 mm or less, still more preferably 8 mm or less, particularly preferably 3 mm to 13 mm, from the viewpoint of eliminating the feeling of wearing and discomfort. Furthermore, it is set to 3 mm or more and 8 mm or less.
  • the thickness of the pad main body 20 means the thickness of the thickest portion of the pad main body 20.
  • the pad main body 20 may be configured as a flat plate having a uniform thickness, may be configured such that the central portion is thick and the peripheral portion is thin, or the thickness may be different depending on the location.
  • Such a chamfered surface can be constituted by an inclined surface or an arc surface.
  • the chamfered surface is preferably formed over the entire circumference of the outer peripheral edge of the pad main body 20, but can also be formed partially.
  • the formation range of the chamfered surface with respect to the thickness direction of the pad main body 20 can be arbitrarily set, and can be formed to the entire thickness of the outer peripheral thickness of the pad main body 20, and the pad can be formed by the core back method.
  • the chamfered surface can be formed in a range of about 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the outer peripheral thickness of the pad main body 20.
  • a chamfered surface can be formed in the same manner as described above with respect to at least the corner portion of the opening edge on the outer surface side of the impact avoiding portion 21.
  • the impact avoiding portion 21 is a through hole having an oval shape that is long in the width direction, and the length W of the maximum portion in the width direction is greater than the length L of the maximum portion in the vertical direction. Is also configured to be long.
  • the pad main body 20 When the impact avoiding portion 21 is not provided, unless the pad main body 20 is sufficiently thick, the impact force due to the fall is easily transmitted to the large femoral trochanter part and then the femoral neck through the pad main body 20, due to the fall. Risk of developing femoral neck fractures may increase. On the other hand, if the thickness of the pad main body 20 is sufficiently thick so that the impact force is not transmitted to the greater trochanter part of the femur, the wearing feeling and the appearance at the time of wearing are impaired.
  • the impact avoidance portion 21 in the region corresponding to the greater femoral trochanter portion, the impact force is diffused to the soft tissue of the pad body 20 around the impact avoidance portion 21, and a large impact due to the fall is caused by It has succeeded in obtaining a thin shock absorbing pad 14 that avoids being directly applied to the child part and does not impair the feeling of wearing and the appearance when worn.
  • the shape of the impact avoiding portion 21 is not limited to the oval shape (including the rounded rectangle) of this embodiment.
  • an elliptical shape, a rectangular shape, a polygonal shape, a gourd shape, a cross shape, an arch shape, a moon shape (semicircular shape, a fan shape, a crescent shape, etc.), a rounded polygonal shape, and the like may be used.
  • an oval shape without a corner (including a rounded rectangle) or an elliptical shape is preferable.
  • an oval shape is more preferable.
  • the impact avoiding portion 21 has a maximum length W in the width direction of preferably 55 mm to 100 mm, more preferably 70 mm to 90 mm, and a maximum length L in the vertical direction of 40 mm to 80 mm.
  • the range is 45 mm or more and 60 mm or less
  • the length W of the maximum portion in the width direction is set to be larger than the length L of the maximum portion in the vertical direction.
  • the length W of the maximum portion in the width direction is a dimension between both end portions in the width direction of the impact avoiding portion 21 (the portion that protrudes most on both sides in the width direction), and the length L of the maximum portion in the vertical direction. Is a dimension between both ends in the vertical direction of the impact avoiding portion 21 (portions that protrude most on both sides in the vertical direction).
  • the length W of the maximum portion in the width direction of the impact avoiding portion 21 is set to 55 mm or more and 100 mm or less, and the length W of the maximum portion in the width direction is set to be larger than the length L of the maximum portion in the vertical direction.
  • the length W of the maximum portion in the width direction is less than 55 mm, the number of walking postures that can reduce the risk of fracture may decrease, whereas if the length W of the maximum portion in the width direction exceeds 100 mm, The top part of the greater trochanter part protrudes from the impact avoiding part 21 toward the outside of the human body, and the impact due to the fall can easily be transmitted directly to the greater femoral trochanter part, and the risk of fracture fracture cannot be reduced. There is.
  • the area of the impact avoiding portion 21 is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint that the impact absorbing pad 14 is disposed so that the impact avoiding portion 21 surrounds the greater femoral trochanter portion, it is preferably 600 mm 2 or more and 5000 mm 2 or less, more preferably the 700 mm 2 or more 4000 mm 2 or less, more preferably 700 mm 2 or more 2000 mm 2 or less.
  • the effect of not being directly transmitted to the large trochanter portion is increased, the effect of providing the impact avoiding portion 21 is reliably exhibited, the rigidity of the shock absorbing pad 14 is maintained as a whole, and good detachability can be obtained. it can.
  • the area of the impact avoiding portion 21 means the opening area of the through hole that is the impact avoiding portion 21 on the surface of the pad main body 20.
  • the impact force due to the fall is likely to be transmitted to the large femoral trochanter portion and thus the femoral neck through the pad body 20, and there is a risk that a femoral neck fracture due to the fall may occur. May increase.
  • the area of the impact avoiding portion 21 exceeds 5000 mm 2 , the top of the large femoral trochanter portion easily protrudes outward from the human body from the impact avoiding portion 21. The risk of femoral neck fractures may increase.
  • the rigidity of the shock absorbing pad 14 as a whole may be reduced, and it may be difficult to attach or detach it.
  • the distance L1 from the upper end of the impact avoiding portion 21 to the upper end of the pad main body 20 increases the rigidity of the pad main body 20 as a whole from the viewpoint of obtaining an effect of diffusing and / or mitigating the impact of falling by the pad main body 20, and From the viewpoint of further improving the long-term durability and detachability of the absorbent pad 14, it is preferably set to 10 mm or more, more preferably 20 mm or more, and further preferably 35 mm or more.
  • the distance L2 from the lower end of the impact avoiding portion 21 to the lower end of the pad main body 20 is preferably 40 mm or more, more preferably 45 mm or more, from the viewpoint of further increasing the walking posture that reduces the risk of fracture due to impact during a fall. More preferably, it is set to 50 mm or more. In particular, by setting the lower end distance L2 in the range of 50 mm or more and 100 mm or less, it is possible to remarkably increase the walking posture that reduces the risk of fracture due to impact at the time of falling, so the femoral neck of the shock absorbing pad 14 The effect which prevents a fracture can be heightened.
  • the impact avoiding portion 21 may be configured such that the inner peripheral surface of the through hole that is the impact avoiding portion 21 has a gradient in the tapered surface or the thickness direction.
  • the impact force can be configured to decrease continuously or stepwise as it goes to the greater trochanter part side.
  • the impact avoiding portion 21 is formed as a through hole in the present embodiment, but is not limited thereto, and may be formed as a concave portion.
  • the recess is formed such that the length W of the maximum portion in the width direction is larger than the length L of the maximum portion in the vertical direction, and the size and shape of the opening are the same as those of the through hole. It can be a dimension (maximum length W in the width direction, maximum length L in the vertical direction, etc.) and shape.
  • the concave portion can be formed on either the surface of the shock absorbing pad 14 facing the human body or the surface facing the outside of the human body.
  • the effect of preventing the direct transmission of the impact due to the fall to the greater trochanter part of the femur and the effect of mitigating the impact transmitted to the greater trochanter part of the femur are obtained.
  • Weight reduction can be achieved.
  • the depth of the recess is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of sufficiently exerting the above-described effect, the depth of the recess may be 20% or more and 90% or less of the thickness of the pad body 20 in the portion where the recess is formed. preferable.
  • a member softer than the pad main body and filled with a through hole or a recess corresponding to the impact avoiding portion can be used as the impact avoiding portion in the present invention.
  • first mitigating portion 22 (hereinafter, these may be collectively referred to as “first mitigating portion 22”) are below the impact avoiding portion 21 as described above, and are also shock absorbing pads.
  • 14 are through-holes arranged so as to be lined up and down along an imaginary line X that equally divides 14 into two in the width direction.
  • the first mitigating parts 22a and 22b are arranged as described above, but the number and arrangement of the first mitigating parts 22 are not limited to this, but one or more, preferably one or more and eight or less.
  • the first mitigating part 22 can be arranged at an arbitrary position away from the impact avoiding part 21.
  • the plurality of first mitigating parts 22 are also arranged so as to be separated from each other.
  • the 1st mitigation part 22 is arrange
  • the flexibility in the surface direction of the pad main body 20 is improved, the uncomfortable feeling at the time of attachment / detachment is further reduced, and the air permeability is improved to reduce stuffiness.
  • the first mitigating unit 22 it is possible to change the path through which the impact force at the time of the fall is transmitted, and the impact force transmitted to the femoral neck can be further reduced.
  • the shape of the first mitigation unit 22 is substantially circular in the present embodiment, but is not limited to this.
  • an ellipse, a triangle, a rectangle, a polygon, a gourd, a cross, an arch, and a moon (Semicircle shape, fan shape, crescent shape, etc.), rounded square shape, rounded polygonal shape and the like can be mentioned.
  • a circular shape, an elliptical shape, a rectangular shape, a rounded square shape, and the like are preferable from the viewpoint of the strength of the end portion.
  • shock absorbing pad 14 Up and down direction
  • the distance L3 between the upper end of the first mitigating part 22a and the lower end of the impact avoiding part 21 is preferably 5 mm or more and 50 mm or less, more preferably from the viewpoint of further reducing the impact force directly transmitted to the femoral greater trochanter part. It is set to 10 mm or more and 40 mm or less, more preferably 10 mm or more and 30 mm or less.
  • the diameter (or maximum length) D of the first reduction portions 22a and 22b is preferably 5 mm or more and 50 mm or less, more preferably 5 mm or more and 40 mm or less, and further preferably 5 mm or more and 30 mm or less from the viewpoint of the strength of the pad body 20.
  • the diameter (or maximum length) D of the first mitigating parts 22a and 22b is set to be smaller than the maximum length W in the width direction of the impact avoiding part 21.
  • a circular first reduction part 22a having a diameter of about 20 mm having an upper end at a position 20 mm from the lower end of the impact avoidance part 21 is provided, and the upper end is further provided at a position 10 mm from the lower end of the first reduction part 22a.
  • a first reduction portion 22b having a diameter of about 20 mm is provided.
  • the first mitigation portion 22 of the present embodiment is formed as a through hole, but is not limited to this, and may be formed as a non-through recess. However, a through hole is preferable from the viewpoint of increasing the number of walking postures that reduce the risk of fracture, the fit to the human body surface, and the air permeability.
  • the recess is defined as a surface facing the human body of the shock absorbing pad 14 and the surface in the thickness direction, as in the case where the impact avoiding portion 21 is configured by a recess. It can be formed on any of the opposite surfaces (surfaces facing the outside of the human body).
  • the second mitigating parts 23a and 23b are located below the impact avoiding part 21 and in the first embodiment in the present embodiment.
  • a total of two holes are formed as through-holes, one each at a position facing the width direction via the reduction portion 22a. That is, the second mitigating parts 23a and 23b are provided at positions symmetrical to the virtual line X that bisects the shock absorbing pad 14 in the width direction so as to be separated from the first mitigating parts 22a and 22b. Yes.
  • the air permeability and the flexibility in the surface direction can be further improved without substantially reducing the strength of the shock absorbing pad 14.
  • the number, shape, and position of the second mitigating parts 23 are not limited to the present embodiment, and any position at which one or more arbitrary numbers of the second mitigating parts 23 are separated from the impact avoiding parts 21 and the first mitigating parts 22.
  • they can be formed at any position separated from other second mitigating parts 23.
  • shape of the second mitigation unit 23 any shape similar to that of the first mitigation unit 22 can be adopted.
  • the total area of the 2nd reduction part 23 is 50% or less of the total area except the impact avoidance part 21 and the 1st reduction part 22 in the pad main body 20.
  • FIG. If the total area of the second mitigating part 23 exceeds 50% of the total area, the rigidity of the shock absorbing pad 14 is lowered, and the detachability and wearing feeling may be lowered.
  • small holes can be provided at positions other than the impact avoiding portion 21 and the first mitigating portion 22 within 50% or less of the total area within a range that does not reduce the impact absorbability.
  • the shock avoidance section 21, the total area of the first relief portion 22 and the second relief portion 23 is preferably set to 600 mm 2 or more 5000 mm 2 or less.
  • the area of the impact avoiding portion 21, the first mitigating portion 22, and the second mitigating portion 23 means the opening area of each through hole or recess in the surface of the pad main body 20.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view schematically showing the configuration of the shock absorbing pad 15 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the shock absorbing pad 15 is a modification of the shock absorbing pad 14, and portions common to the shock absorbing pad 14 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 and description thereof is omitted.
  • the impact absorbing pad 15 has a distance from the lower end of the impact avoiding portion 21 to the lower end of the pad main body 20 (or a distance from the lower end of the first mitigating portion 22b to the lower end of the pad main body 20). Longer than. In this embodiment, the length is set to be 15 mm longer.
  • the dimension from the lower end of the first reduction part 22b to the lower end of the pad main body 20 is not limited to 15 mm, and the design dimensions of the pad main body 20, the dimensions of the impact avoidance part 21, the first reduction part 22 and the second reduction part 23, etc. Although it can select suitably according to, Preferably it is 10 mm or more and 30 mm or less, More preferably, it is 10 mm or more and 20 mm or less.
  • FIG. 3 is a front view schematically showing the configuration of the shock absorbing pad 16 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the shock absorbing pad 16 is a modification of the shock absorbing pads 14 and 15, and portions common to the shock absorbing pads 14 and 15 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 and 2 and description thereof is omitted.
  • the shock absorbing pad 16 includes a pad body 24 having a substantially semicircular upper portion projecting upward and a rounded quadrangular lower end, a center in the width direction of the pad body 24 and a center in the vertical direction.
  • FIG. 4 is a front view schematically showing the configuration of the shock absorbing pad 17 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the shock absorbing pad 17 is a modification of the shock absorbing pad 16, and portions common to the shock absorbing pad 16 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG.
  • the shock absorbing pad 17 has the same configuration as the shock absorbing pad 16 except that the shock absorbing pad 17 does not have the first mitigating part 22 and the second mitigating parts 23a and 23b. Even with this configuration, since the impact avoiding portion 21 is provided, while maintaining the same effect as the impact absorbing pads 14, 15 and 16 without significantly reducing the air permeability and the mounting property, It is possible to increase the number of walking postures that reduce the risk of fracture.
  • FIG. 5 is a front view schematically showing the configuration of the shock absorbing pad 18 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the shock absorbing pad 18 is a modification of the shock absorbing pads 14 to 17, and portions common to the shock absorbing pads 14 to 17 are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 1 to 4 and description thereof is omitted.
  • the shock absorbing pad 18 includes a pad body 25 having a substantially circular shape, an impact avoiding part 21 formed near the center of the pad body 25 in the vertical direction and the width direction, and an impact avoiding part below the impact avoiding part 21.
  • the first mitigating portion 26 is formed so as to be separated from the first hole 21 and is a through hole that is an arc-shaped slit. Even if comprised in this way, the effect by providing the impact avoidance part 21 is exhibited, and increasing the number of walking postures in which the risk of fracture is reduced while maintaining wearability, appearance when worn, and detachability. Can do.
  • FIG. 6 is a front view schematically showing the configuration of the shock absorbing pad 19 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the shock absorbing pad 19 is a modification of the shock absorbing pad 18, and portions common to the shock absorbing pad 18 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG.
  • the shock absorbing pad 19 has the same configuration as that of the shock absorbing pad 18 except that the shock absorbing pad 19 does not have the first mitigating portion 26 formed of a through hole that is an arc-shaped slit. Even with this configuration, since the impact avoiding part 21 is provided, the risk of fracture is particularly high while maintaining the same effect as the shock absorbing pads 14 to 18 without significantly reducing the air permeability and the wearability.
  • the number of walking postures whose degrees decrease can be increased.
  • shock absorbing pads 15 to 19 can include various modifications shown in the description of the shock absorbing pad 14.
  • the shock absorbing pads 15 to 19 can be attached to various clothes like the shock absorbing pad 14, but are particularly suitable for attaching to paper diapers or paper pants. Further, the shock absorbing pads 15 to 19 can be made of the same material as the shock absorbing pad 14.
  • the material constituting the shock-absorbing pad (pad body) of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a material having shock-absorbing properties, but the fit of the shock-absorbing pad to the human body, wearability, appearance when worn, From the standpoint of detachability (reducing resistance at the time of detachment), a resin or an elastomer having impact absorbability, flexibility, and a predetermined mechanical strength is preferable, having impact absorbability and flexibility, and conforming to JISK7171.
  • An elastomer having a measured and calculated flexural modulus of 100 MPa or less is more preferable.
  • the flexural modulus is more preferably 50 MPa or less, particularly preferably 20 MPa or less.
  • the elastomer is preferably a block copolymer comprising a polymer block having an aromatic vinyl compound as a constituent monomer and a polymer block having an aliphatic hydrocarbon compound as a constituent monomer. More preferred is an isobutylene block copolymer comprising a polymer block containing a compound as a constituent monomer and a polymer block using an aliphatic hydrocarbon compound containing isobutylene as a constituent monomer.
  • the polymer block is composed of a polymer block containing an aromatic vinyl compound as a constituent monomer-a polymer block containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon compound as a constituent monomer-a single monomer constituting an aromatic vinyl compound.
  • a triblock copolymer comprising a polymer block as a polymer and a polymer block comprising an aromatic vinyl compound as a constituent monomer and a polymer block comprising an aliphatic hydrocarbon compound as a constituent monomer.
  • the aromatic vinyl compound is not particularly limited.
  • alkylstyrene compounds such as styrene, p-methylstyrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, and indene is desirable from the viewpoint of availability and physical property balance.
  • the polymer block containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon compound as a constituent monomer is preferably a polymer block containing a conjugated diene as a main component, and the conjugated diene is not particularly limited.
  • the conjugated diene is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include butadiene, isobutylene, isoprene, chloroprene and 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, at least one selected from the group consisting of 1,3-butadiene, isobutylene, and isoprene is desirable from the viewpoint of easy availability and physical property balance.
  • hydrogenation or copolymerization of vinyl compounds other than conjugated diene may be performed as necessary.
  • polymer blocks mainly composed of conjugated dienes blocks in which conjugated dienes are polymerized so as to contain many 3, 4 or 1, 2 bonds, hydrogenated blocks of the conjugated diene polymers, heavy polymers mainly composed of isobutylene.
  • One of the combined blocks is preferable because it is excellent in shock absorption near room temperature.
  • a polymer block mainly composed of a conjugated diene containing a large number of 3, 4 or 1, 2 bonds tends to have a reduced impact absorbency at a temperature deviating from a specific temperature.
  • a polymer block containing isobutylene as a main component is particularly preferable because it can be said to have excellent shock absorption in a wide temperature range.
  • polymer block mainly composed of isobutylene other vinyl compounds may be copolymerized as necessary.
  • the method for producing the elastomer is not particularly limited.
  • the following general formula (1) In the presence of the compound represented by the formula, an elastomer can be obtained by polymerizing a monomer component mainly composed of isobutylene and a monomer component mainly composed of an aromatic vinyl monomer.
  • R 1 R 2 X represents a halogen atom, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an acyloxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • R 1 and R 2 each represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different.
  • R 3 represents a polyvalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or a polyvalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and n represents a natural number of 1 to 6.
  • the compound represented by the above general formula (1) serves as an initiator, and is considered to generate a carbon cation in the presence of a Lewis acid or the like and serve as a starting point for cationic polymerization.
  • Specific examples of the compound of the general formula (1) include, for example, (1-chloro-1-methylethyl) benzene, 1,4-bis (1-chloro-1-methylethyl) benzene, 1,3-bis ( 1-chloro-1-methylethyl) benzene, 1,3,5-tris (1-chloro-1-methylethyl) benzene, 1,3-bis (1-chloro-1-methylethyl) -5- (tert -Butyl) benzene and the like.
  • 1,4-bis (1-chloro-1-methylethyl) benzene, 1,3,5-tris (1-chloro-1-methylethyl) benzene and the like are preferable.
  • a Lewis acid catalyst can coexist. Any Lewis acid catalyst may be used as long as it can be used for cationic polymerization.
  • TiCl 4 , BCl 3 , and SnCl 4 are preferable in view of the ability as a catalyst and industrial availability.
  • the amount of Lewis acid used is not particularly limited, but can be set in view of the polymerization characteristics or polymerization concentration of the monomer used.
  • the compound represented by the general formula (1) is preferably used in an amount of 0.1 to 100 molar equivalents, and more preferably 1 to 50 molar equivalents.
  • an electron donor component can be present together.
  • the electron donor component is believed to have the effect of stabilizing the polymerizing cation during cation polymerization, and the addition of the electron donor component yields a polymer with a narrow molecular weight distribution and a controlled structure. be able to.
  • the electron donor component is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include pyridines, amines, amides, sulfoxides, esters, and metal compounds having an oxygen atom bonded to a metal atom.
  • the polymerization can be carried out in an organic solvent as required, and the organic solvent can be used without any particular limitation as long as it does not substantially inhibit cationic polymerization.
  • organic solvents include halogenated hydrocarbons such as methyl chloride, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl chloride, dichloroethane, n-propyl chloride, n-butyl chloride, chlorobenzene; benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, butyl Alkylbenzenes such as benzene; linear aliphatic hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane; 2-methylpropane, 2-methylbutane, 2,3,3-trimethyl Branched aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane and 2,2,5-trimethylhe
  • solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more in consideration of the balance of the polymerization characteristics of the monomers constituting the block copolymer and the solubility of the resulting polymer.
  • the amount of the solvent used is preferably from 1% by weight to 50% by weight, more preferably from 5% by weight to 35% by weight in consideration of the viscosity of the resulting polymer solution and the ease of heat removal. It can be determined to be:
  • each component under cooling, for example, at a temperature of ⁇ 100 ° C. or more and 0 ° C. or less.
  • a particularly preferred temperature range is ⁇ 80 ° C. or higher and ⁇ 30 ° C. or lower.
  • an elastomer in which a polymer block containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon compound as a constituent monomer is a polymer block containing a conjugated diene as a main component is available from Kuraray Co., Ltd.
  • HYBRAR trade name
  • SEBSTAR trade name of Kaneka Corporation can be exemplified as an elastomer which is a polymer block mainly composed of isobutylene.
  • the elastomer can contain a tackifying resin.
  • the tackifying resin used in the present invention is a low molecular weight resin having a number average molecular weight of 300 or more and 3000 or less and a softening point based on the ring and ball method defined in JIS K-2207 of 60 ° C. or more and 150 ° C. or less. By containing the tackifying resin in the elastomer, it becomes easy to increase the impact absorbency near body temperature.
  • tackifying resin in the present invention examples include rosin and rosin derivatives, polyterpene resins, aromatic modified terpene resins and their hydrides, terpene phenol resins, coumarone / indene resins, aliphatic petroleum resins, and alicyclic petroleum oils.
  • the compounding amount of the tackifier resin is preferably 0 parts by weight or more and 100 parts by weight or less, more preferably 10 parts by weight or more and 70 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the elastomer. If the amount of the tackifying resin exceeds 100 parts by weight, the viscosity at the time of kneading is too low, so that a sufficient kneaded state cannot be obtained, and it may be difficult to obtain a good foam.
  • a plasticizer may be blended with the elastomer as necessary.
  • a liquid or liquid material is used suitably at room temperature. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic plasticizers can be used. Examples of such plasticizers include plasticizers for various rubbers and resins such as mineral oils, vegetable oils, and synthetics.
  • Mineral oil plasticizers include naphthenic and paraffinic process oils
  • vegetable oil plasticizers include castor oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, palm oil, palm oil, peanut oil, wood
  • the synthetic plasticizer include wax, pine oil and olive oil, and polybutene, low molecular weight polybutadiene and the like.
  • paraffinic process oil or polybutene is preferably used from the viewpoint of compatibility with the elastomer.
  • These plasticizers can be used in appropriate combination of two or more in order to obtain desired viscosity and physical properties.
  • the elastomer may be filled with a filler, an antioxidant, a flame retardant, an antibacterial agent, a light stabilizer, an ultraviolet absorber, a colorant, a fluidity improver, a lubricant, an antiblocking agent, and an antistatic agent.
  • a filler an antioxidant, a flame retardant, an antibacterial agent, a light stabilizer, an ultraviolet absorber, a colorant, a fluidity improver, a lubricant, an antiblocking agent, and an antistatic agent.
  • Various additives such as a crosslinking agent and a crosslinking aid may be blended, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • other various thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, thermoplastic elastomers and the like may be blended.
  • the impact absorbing pad of the present invention may be made of an elastomer foam.
  • the elastomer foam include a thermoplastic elastomer foam obtained by injection foaming a foamable composition composed of a thermoplastic elastomer and a thermally expandable microcapsule.
  • the heat-expandable microcapsule is obtained by microencapsulating a volatile liquid expansion agent with a polymer, and generally contains at least an expansion agent and a polymerizable monomer in an aqueous medium. Can be produced by a suspension polymerization method. As the polymerization reaction proceeds, a heat-expandable microcapsule having a structure in which an outer shell is formed by the produced polymer and an expansion agent is encapsulated in the outer shell is obtained.
  • any polymer containing a thermoplastic resin having a good gas barrier property may be used.
  • the polymer forming the outer shell softens when heated.
  • the liquid expansion agent to be included in the polymer forming the outer shell it is only necessary to select a liquid expander that is gaseous at a temperature below the softening point of the polymer.
  • the proportion of the thermally expandable microcapsule used in the present invention is 0.000 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the foamable composition composed of an elastomer and a tackifier resin, a plasticizer, other resins, and the like blended as necessary.
  • the amount is preferably 5 parts by weight or more and 10 parts by weight or less, more preferably 1 part by weight or more and 5 parts by weight or less. If the usage ratio is less than 0.5 parts by weight, it tends to be difficult to obtain an injection-foamed molded article having a light weight of 700 kg / m 3 or less. Is saturated at about 350 kg / m 3 and is unlikely to lead to further reduction in density.
  • heat-expandable microcapsules are in the form of fine powder, it is often difficult to mix uniformly, and there is a risk of dust explosion. It is preferable to mix in the state of a master batch dispersed in a concentration. In this case, a value obtained by multiplying the blending amount of the master batch by the content (% by weight) of the thermally expandable microcapsules in the master batch is the blending amount of the thermally expandable microcapsules.
  • a known method can be applied to the injection foam molding method itself, and the molding conditions may be appropriately adjusted depending on the fluidity of the foamable composition, the type of molding machine, or the shape of the mold.
  • it is preferable to carry out under conditions such as a resin temperature of 170 to 250 ° C., a mold temperature of 10 to 100 ° C., a molding cycle of 1 to 120 minutes, an injection speed of 10 to 300 mm / second, and an injection pressure of 10 to 200 MPa.
  • foaming in the mold There are various methods for foaming in the mold. Among them, a mold composed of a fixed mold and a movable mold capable of moving forward and backward at an arbitrary position is used.
  • the so-called core back method (Moving Cavity method), which causes the foam to recede, has a non-foamed layer formed on the surface, and the foamed inner layer tends to be uniform fine bubbles, resulting in an injection foam molded article with excellent lightness. It is preferable because it is easy.
  • the elastomer foam that constitutes the shock absorbing pad when the expandable microcapsule is used as a foaming agent as described above, it is characterized by a high closed cell ratio. It is difficult and the load due to impact is difficult to increase, and therefore exhibits excellent shock absorption.
  • the closed cell ratio of the elastomer foam in the present invention is 80% or more, preferably 90% or more.
  • the density of the elastomer foam constituting the impact absorbing pad is preferably 100 kg / m 3 or more, more preferably 200 kg / m 3 or more.
  • the density may be uniform within the pad body 20 or may be non-uniform. When the density is less than 100 kg / m 3 , it is necessary to increase the thickness of the pad main body 20 in order to ensure shock absorption, and the feeling of wearing and the uncomfortable appearance are increased.
  • FIG. 7 is a drawing schematically showing the configuration of the garment 30 according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • (A) shows a front view and (b) shows a side view.
  • the garment 30 includes a garment body 31 and a shock absorbing pad 14 attached to the garment body 31.
  • the shock absorbing pad 14 faces the upper femoral trochanter portion 51 and the upper part of the femur 53, and the impact avoiding portion 21 is just the femoral trochanter portion 51.
  • the garment body 31 is attached so as to face the femoral neck 52.
  • the garment body 31 is not particularly limited as long as the garment body 31 is in direct or indirect contact with the femoral greater trochanter portion 51, but is preferably innerwear, trousers, short bread, skirt, jersey, etc. Inner wear is more preferable from the viewpoint that it is necessary to wear time, the positioning and detachment of the shock absorbing pad 14 are relatively easy, and the displacement of the shock absorbing pad 14 is easily corrected. Examples of the inner wear include monkey crotch, trousers, briefs, pants, shorts, paper pants, and paper diapers.
  • the garment body 31 of the present invention includes a corset (particularly a lumbar corset), a belt, various sports pants and trousers.
  • the fabric used for the clothing main body 31 is not particularly limited, such as a material and a woven / knitting method.
  • a fabric with an uneven surface is used to improve air permeability and shock absorption. It is preferable to use a knitting structure or a pile knitting in which uneven shapes appear on the surface.
  • the effect of the shock absorbing pad 14 can be further enhanced.
  • the impact absorbing pad 14 can be further improved in adhesion and fit to the human body, and the shock caused by the fall can be more efficiently mitigated.
  • the shock absorbing pad 14 can be attached to the clothing main body 31 so as to directly touch the human body or indirectly touch the human body through the cloth.
  • the shock absorbing pad 14 can be attached to either the inside or the outside of the garment body 31 from the viewpoint of improving the wearing feeling and air permeability and reducing stuffiness. It is preferable to attach to the outside.
  • the shock absorbing pad 14 may be attached to the outside of the clothing body 31, Considering the appearance and the like, it is preferable to attach inside.
  • a method for attaching the shock absorbing pad 14 to the clothing main body 31 is not particularly limited, but considering that the position of the shock absorbing pad 14 does not shift when worn, a pocket is provided in the clothing main body 31, and the shock absorbing pad 14 is placed in the pocket.
  • the shock absorbing pad 14 is sewn to a predetermined portion of the clothing body 31 with a thread or fixed with Velcro (registered trademark) or the like, the shock absorbing pad 14 is stored in a bag, and the bag is threaded. Examples thereof include a method of attaching to a predetermined portion of the clothing main body 31 with sewing, Velcro tape (registered trademark), metal fittings, or the like.
  • the shock absorbing pad 14 may be enclosed in the pocket so that the shock absorbing pad 14 cannot be taken out, or may be configured so that it can be taken in and out of the pocket.
  • the clothing main body 31 is a waist corset or a belt, it is preferable to attach a pocket capable of storing the shock absorbing pad 14 to a predetermined location of the clothing main body 31.
  • the shock absorber pad 14 of the present invention is used for the femoral greater trochanter part 51 and its periphery, and further, where impact is relatively relaxed,
  • Other pads may be used. Examples of other pads include resin foams such as urethane foam, polyethylene foam, and acrylic foam, or elastomer foams, non-woven fabrics, and textile products such as three-dimensional fabrics.
  • Example 1 A shock absorbing pad 14 shown in FIG. 1 having a thickness of 12 mm, a maximum length of 140 mm in the vertical direction and a maximum length of 120 mm in the width direction is used as a silicone foam gel (trade name: NP gel, (Made by Taika Co., Ltd.).
  • the pad is provided with an impact avoiding portion 21 which is an oval (rounded rectangle) -shaped through-hole having a maximum length in the width direction (W) of 80 mm and a maximum length in the vertical direction (L) of 50 mm.
  • the distance from the upper end to the upper end of the pad (L1) is 40 mm
  • the distance from the lower end to the lower end of the pad (L2) is 50 mm
  • the distance from both ends in the width direction to both ends in the width direction of the pad is 20 mm. Formed.
  • first reduction portions 22a and 22b that are two substantially circular through holes (diameter (D) 10 mm) spaced apart from each other in the vertical direction are formed.
  • the distance (L3) between the lower end of the impact avoiding unit 21 and the upper end of the first mitigating unit 22a, the distance between the first mitigating units 22a and 22b, and the distance between the lower end of the first mitigating unit 22b and the lower end of the pad are each 10 mm. It was.
  • the second reduction portions 23a and 23b which are substantially circular through holes (diameter 20 mm), were formed.
  • Example 2 Similar to Example 1, except that the maximum length in the vertical direction of the pad is 155 mm and the distance (L2) from the lower end of the impact avoiding portion 21 to the lower end of the pad is 65 mm, the thickness is 12 mm and the vertical direction
  • the shock absorbing pad 15 shown in FIG. 2 which is an ellipse (rounded rectangle) having a maximum length of 155 mm and a maximum length in the width direction of 120 mm was produced.
  • the shock absorbing pad 15 of the second embodiment has a structure in which the lower end is extended by 15 mm from the shock absorbing pad 14 of the first embodiment.
  • Example 3 The shock absorbing pad shown in FIG. 3 having a thickness of 12 mm, a maximum length of 140 mm in the vertical direction and a maximum length of 130 mm in the width direction, the upper part being semicircular, and both corners of the lower end being replaced with arcuate curves 16 was produced using a silicone-based foamed gel (trade name: NP gel, manufactured by Taika Co., Ltd.).
  • the pad is provided with an impact avoiding portion 21 which is a rounded rectangular through hole having a length (W) of the maximum portion in the width direction of 80 mm and a length of the maximum portion of the vertical direction (L) of 50 mm from the upper end of the pad.
  • the distance from the lower end of the pad (L1) is 40 mm
  • the distance from the lower end to the lower end of the pad (L2) is 50 mm
  • the distance from both ends in the width direction to both ends in the width direction of the pad is 25 mm.
  • a substantially circular through hole (diameter (D) 20 mm) is provided below the impact avoiding portion 21 and spaced apart from the impact avoiding portion 21 along a virtual line X that bisects the pad in the width direction.
  • the 1st reduction part 22 was formed.
  • the distance (L3) between the lower end of the impact avoiding portion 21 and the upper end of the first mitigating portion 22 and the distance between the lower end of the first mitigating portion 22 and the lower end of the pad were each set to 15 mm.
  • a substantially circular through-hole (diameter 30 mm) is located below the impact avoiding portion 21 and opposed to the width direction via the phantom line X and spaced from the impact avoiding portion 21 and the first mitigating portion 22.
  • the second mitigation parts 23a and 23b are formed.
  • Example 4 An impact absorbing pad 15 was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the thickness was changed from 12 mm to 8 mm.
  • Example 5 An impact absorbing pad 14 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the material was changed from NP gel to the following elastomer foam (foam A).
  • This foamable composition was melt-kneaded at an injection molding machine (trade name: MD350S-IIIDP type, manufactured by Ube Industries Co., Ltd.) with a shut-off nozzle specification at a resin temperature of 200 ° C. and a back pressure of 15 MPa, and then 60 ° C.
  • the movable mold was retracted so that the clearance of the bottom surface portion was 6.5 mm, and the resin in the cavity was foamed. After the completion of foaming, the elastomer foam (foam A) was obtained after cooling for 60 seconds.
  • Example 6 An impact absorbing pad 15 was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the material was changed from the NP gel to the elastomer foam (foam A) produced in Example 5.
  • Example 7 An impact absorbing pad 16 was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the material was changed from the NP gel to the elastomer foam (foam A) produced in Example 5.
  • Example 8 An elastomer foam (foam B) obtained by changing an elastomer having a polystyrene block-polyisobutylene block-polystyrene block from SIBSTAR072T (trade name, manufactured by Kaneka Corporation) to SIBSTAR062T (trade name, manufactured by Kaneka Corporation).
  • SIBSTAR072T trade name, manufactured by Kaneka Corporation
  • SIBSTAR062T trade name, manufactured by Kaneka Corporation
  • Example 9 An impact absorbing pad 15 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the thickness was changed from 12 mm to 5 mm.
  • Example 10 An elastomer (trade name: SIBSTAR072T, manufactured by Kaneka Corporation) was press-molded at 200 ° C. to obtain an elastic plate having a thickness of 8 mm. This elastic plate was cut to produce an impact absorbing pad 15 having the same dimensions as in Example 2.
  • Table 1 shows the shape and dimensions of each part of the shock absorbing pads obtained in Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Example 1. Table 1 also shows the evaluation results of the wearing feelings of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Example 1.
  • the impact absorbing pads of Examples 1 to 10 are clearly improved in terms of one or more items selected from stuffiness, attachment / detachment, and appearance as compared with the impact absorbing pad of Comparative Example 1. I understand that.
  • Comparative Example 2 Commercially available femoral neck fracture prevention underwear was used as Comparative Example 2.
  • the shock absorbing pad (hip protector A) attached to this underwear is a type that covers the entire greater trochanter part of the femur, the planar shape is elliptical, and the three-dimensional shape is a turtle shell, with 16 small-diameter penetrating holes. It is an elastic body having a thickness of about 13 mm with holes.
  • the underwear has little uncomfortable feeling when worn or detached, but the elastic body has a turtle shell-like shape with a flat surface in contact with the human body, so it cannot deny the change in appearance when worn. .
  • the diameter of each through hole is small, the air permeability tends to be insufficient particularly at high temperatures such as in summer, and stuffiness is likely to occur.
  • Comparative Example 3 Commercially available femoral neck fracture prevention underwear was used as Comparative Example 3.
  • the shock absorbing pad (hip protector B) attached to this underwear is a type that covers the entire trochanter of the femur and has a through hole with an oval shape (rounded rectangle) and a thickness of 10 mm. Since it is an elastic body that does not, the attachment and detachment and air permeability are not sufficient, and since the flexibility is poor, the change in appearance due to wearing is large. That is, the hip protectors A and B of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 have room for further improvement in terms of wearing feeling.
  • the characteristics of the elastic body used for the hip protectors A and B of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 are shown in Table 2 below.
  • Test Example 1 In order to examine the respective impact absorbing performances of the impact absorbing pads of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1, the commercially available impact absorbing pads of Comparative Examples 2 to 3 and Comparative Example 4 not using the impact absorbing pad, the following is shown. An evaluation test was conducted. The results are shown in Table 8.
  • the entire body is placed on all 11 sites of the head 1, neck 2, chest 3, abdomen 4, pelvis 5, thigh 6, lower leg 7, foot 8, upper arm 9, forearm 10, and hand 11.
  • Each part is approximated to each part of the human body as a rigid body with mass and moment of inertia, and Yang's proposed torque-joint relationship (Jikuang Yang, Injury Biomechanics in Car-Pedestrian Collisions, Thesis for PhD, Department of Injury ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Prevention, Chalmers Univ. Tech., (1997), pp.v1-v17).
  • the model multibody model was made by incorporating the dimensions of each part of an elderly Japanese woman into this model.
  • the material of the femur is an isotropic elastic body for both cortical and cancellous bone, and the values of Lotz et al. Analysis, J. Biomech. Eng., 113, (1991), pp. 125-131) was used as the Poisson's ratio. Young's modulus is the CT value of each 62-year-old male specimen. Peacock et al. (M. Peacock, G.Liu, M.Carey, W.Ambrosius, CHTurner, S. Hip in Men and Women over the Age of 60 Years, Osteoporos Int, (1998), pp.8: 231-239).
  • the bone density ( ⁇ cor2 ) of the cancellous bone is calculated using the CT value (HU) of the cancellous bone according to the formula of Ford et al. (Catherine M. Ford, Tony M. Keaveny and Wilson C. Hayes, The Effect of Impact The Effect of Direction on the Structural Capacity of Proximal Femur During Falls, Journal of Bineand Mineral Resarch, vol., (1996), pp.377-383).
  • ⁇ cor2 0.0684 + (1.106 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 ) ⁇ (HU)
  • the femoral neck was divided into four regions, an upper head base, a lower head base, an upper neck base, and a lower neck base shown in FIG. Table 3 shows the Young's modulus and viscosity of the material constituting each region.
  • the soft tissue models were classified into muscle-fat elements, skin elements, femoral head and cartilage elements, acetabular elements, and ligament elements.
  • the muscle-fat element is approximated by an isotropic Maxwell model, and Rabih et al. (Rabih ET, Faris AB, Theodre GT, and Rolf HE, A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model of the Human Ankle: Development and Preliminary to Axial Impulsive Loading, SAE, (1996), 962427), the elastic modulus was set to 15 MPa, the Poisson's ratio was 0.49, the viscosity coefficient was 10 MPa ⁇ s, and the mass density was 1 g / cm 3 .
  • the skin element is approximated by an isotropic linear elastic body and is described by Egol et al. (KA Egol, KJ Koval, F. Kummer, VH Frankel, Stress Fracture of the femoral Neck, Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research 348, (1998), pp. .72-78), the elastic modulus was set to 230 MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.3, mass density 1 g / cm 3 , and thickness 1.0 mm.
  • the femoral head and cartilage element is approximated by an isotropic linear elastic body and is described by Hewitt et al. (John Hewitt, Farshid Guilak, Richard Glisson, T. Parler Vail, Regional material properties of the human hip joint capsule ligaments, 19, Journal of Orthopaedic. Research, (2001), pp. 359-364), the elastic modulus was set to 50 MPa, the Poisson's ratio was 0.3, and the mass density was 1 g / cm 3 .
  • the acetabular element has a two-layer structure to give the acetabulum no change when the whole body weight is received by the acetabulum, giving the same material properties as the cortical bone inside, and a rigid body outside It was.
  • the elastic modulus was 8400 MPa and the Poisson's ratio was 0.3.
  • the ligament element is approximated by an isotropic linear elastic body. Ide et al.'S literature (Takatoshi Ide, Yasuhiro Yamamoto, Shigeru Tachiki, Katsuya Akamatsu, Rigid Body-Spring Model (RBSM) 12, (1990), pp.
  • the elastic modulus was set to 285 MPa, the Poisson's ratio was 0.3, and the mass density was 1 g / cm 3 .
  • Table 4 shows the material properties of each element. In Table 4, the elastic modulus is shown as Young's modulus.
  • Table 5 shows the number of steps per minute and walking speed of a subject (76 years old, 149 cm, 51 kg) closest to the average physique of elderly women (66.9 years old, 149.3 cm, 55.3 kg). Since the data on the number of steps, step length, and walking speed shown in Table 5 were almost the same as those of the other three subjects, the data shown in Table 5 was incorporated into the elderly multibody model.
  • angles of the five elements of the waist, abdomen, chest, neck, and head are measured from the walking experiment video of the elderly, and the obtained values are incorporated into the elderly multibody model, and the walking posture shown in FIG. Gave.
  • the walking speed was set to three patterns of 66 cm / s (slow walking), 95 cm / s (parallel walking), and 121 cm / s (fast walking) based on a walking experiment of the elderly.
  • ⁇ C The compressive strength
  • ⁇ T tensile strength
  • the shock absorbing pad of Example 1 has a substantially circular impact avoiding part by comparing the shape of the impact avoiding part with an ellipse whose maximum part in the width direction is longer than the maximum part in the vertical direction. Compared with the shock absorbing pad, the effect of preventing fractures can be enhanced with 24 fall patterns, and the fall preventing effect of the other fall patterns is comparable to that of the shock absorbing pad of Comparative Example 1.
  • the shock absorbing pad of Example 2 has a risk of fracture with 20 fall patterns compared to the shock absorbing pad of Example 1 by extending the lower end portion of the pad body by 15 mm from the shock absorbing pad of Example 1.
  • the degree of reduction was 0.05 or more, and the effect of preventing fracture was further enhanced.
  • other fall patterns had the same fracture prevention effect as the shock absorbing pad of Example 1.
  • the fracture risk values are all less than 1 and the numerical values of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 The fracture prevention effect was equivalent.
  • the shock absorbing pad of Comparative Example 1 showed a fracture prevention effect with many fall patterns and high-risk fall patterns. However, when the fracture risk is over 1, the fracture risk is 0.8, 0.9, etc. There were also relatively many fall patterns close to 1, and some fall patterns did not show sufficient fracture prevention effects.
  • the impact absorption pad of Comparative Example 2 had a high fracture prevention effect in a fall pattern with a small impact, but it was the smallest of the shock absorption pads tested this time, so the range in which the impact could be received was narrow, and the fracture risk was low. In the case of a large fall pattern, fracture risk level 1 exceeded only 2 patterns, resulting in inferior fracture prevention effect compared to other shock absorbing pads.
  • the shock absorbing pad of Comparative Example 2 is designed to create a gap between the thigh and the pad by changing the diameters of the front surface and the back surface, and thereby designed to diffuse the impact, so that it is strong against the center of the pad. When stress is applied, the greater trochanter part of the femur comes into contact with the ground through the pad and the impact is easily transmitted to the neck of the femur, so that the effect of preventing fracture is considered to be insufficient.
  • the shock absorbing pad of Comparative Example 3 is composed of a mat-type elastic body that absorbs shock, and shows a stable fracture prevention effect equivalent to the shock absorbing pad of Examples 1 and 2 with many falling patterns, but the risk of fracture Also had over 1 falling pattern. Further, the impact absorbing pad of Comparative Example 3 was slightly larger in size and thickness than the impact absorbing pads of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 3, and heavier in weight.
  • FIG. 13 is a surface pressure distribution diagram showing the pressure applied to the thigh surface (particularly, the greater trochanter part and its peripheral region) in the fall due to loss of consciousness (mid-swinging leg, slow walking).
  • This surface pressure distribution diagram is obtained by computer simulation of compression deformation by the finite element method.
  • (a) shows the case of Comparative Example 4 (without mounting the shock absorbing pad)
  • (b) shows the case of mounting the shock absorbing pad of Example 1
  • (c) shows the shock of Example 2. This is a case where an absorption pad is attached.
  • FIG. 14 is a surface pressure distribution diagram showing the pressure applied to the thigh surface (particularly, the greater trochanter part and its surrounding area) in a fall due to loss of consciousness (mid-legged swing, slow walking).
  • FIG. 14 is obtained in the same manner as FIG. (A) is the case of the comparative example 4 (impact-absorbing pad non-wearing), (b) is the case where the impact-absorbing pad having the circular impact avoiding part of the comparative example 1 is attached.
  • FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 a relatively large pressure is applied to the dark and light portions, and a relatively small pressure is applied to the light portions.
  • the impact absorbing pad of the embodiment in the impact absorbing pad of the embodiment, the impact avoiding part which is an oval through hole having a maximum length W in the width direction larger than a length L in the maximum direction in the vertical direction. It is possible to bring the surface pressure distribution during the fall of the thigh surface closer to the surface pressure distribution during the fall when the shock absorbing pad is not worn, and as a result, the fall can reduce the risk of fracture It is considered that the number of patterns could be greatly increased.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Details Of Garments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un rembourrage d'absorption de chocs qui empêche une fracture du fémur et qui comprend un corps principal de rembourrage (20, 24, 25) qui a une action d'absorption des chocs et présente une partie de prévention des chocs (21, 21a) composée d'un trou traversant ou d'un évidement formé dans le corps principal de rembourrage, la longueur (W) de la partie la plus large dans le sens de la largeur de la partie de prévention des chocs (21, 21a) étant déterminée de sorte à être plus importante que la longueur (L) de la partie la plus large dans le sens vertical et est porté sur le corps humain de telle sorte que la partie de prévention des chocs (21, 21a) corresponde à la section tronchantérique du fémur (51). L'invention porte également sur un vêtement comportant le rembourrage d'absorption de chocs fixé à ce dernier et sur un procédé empêchant une fracture du fémur à l'aide du rembourrage d'absorption de chocs.
PCT/JP2014/078474 2013-10-31 2014-10-27 Rembourrage d'absorption de chocs, vêtement comportant ce rembourrage fixé à celui-ci et procédé empêchant une fracture du fémur WO2015064528A1 (fr)

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JP2015544981A JP6491104B2 (ja) 2013-10-31 2014-10-27 衝撃吸収パッドおよびそれを装着した衣類並びに大腿骨骨折予防方法

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110390797A (zh) * 2018-04-19 2019-10-29 上海市嘉定区安亭医院 一种防跌倒压力传感呼叫器及其方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6421839B1 (en) * 2001-07-23 2002-07-23 Danny Van Vo Work pant with kneeling cushioning pocket
WO2012029917A1 (fr) * 2010-09-03 2012-03-08 株式会社カネカ Coussinet absorbant les chocs, vêtement garni de celui-ci et procédé de prévention des fractures du fémur

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6421839B1 (en) * 2001-07-23 2002-07-23 Danny Van Vo Work pant with kneeling cushioning pocket
WO2012029917A1 (fr) * 2010-09-03 2012-03-08 株式会社カネカ Coussinet absorbant les chocs, vêtement garni de celui-ci et procédé de prévention des fractures du fémur

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110390797A (zh) * 2018-04-19 2019-10-29 上海市嘉定区安亭医院 一种防跌倒压力传感呼叫器及其方法

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