WO2015058225A2 - Liaison d'assemblage et procédé de soudure par faisceau - Google Patents

Liaison d'assemblage et procédé de soudure par faisceau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015058225A2
WO2015058225A2 PCT/AT2014/050249 AT2014050249W WO2015058225A2 WO 2015058225 A2 WO2015058225 A2 WO 2015058225A2 AT 2014050249 W AT2014050249 W AT 2014050249W WO 2015058225 A2 WO2015058225 A2 WO 2015058225A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
weld
component
joint
weld seam
deflection
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2014/050249
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2015058225A3 (fr
Inventor
Dominik Berger
Peter STAUFER
Michael Thaler
Original Assignee
Automed Holding Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Automed Holding Gmbh filed Critical Automed Holding Gmbh
Priority to DE112014004811.9T priority Critical patent/DE112014004811A5/de
Publication of WO2015058225A2 publication Critical patent/WO2015058225A2/fr
Publication of WO2015058225A3 publication Critical patent/WO2015058225A3/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0046—Welding
    • B23K15/0053—Seam welding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a joint connection according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • first metallic component and a second metallic component of an assembly they form a joint at their mutually facing and substantially gap-free abutting joining surfaces.
  • the components are connected to one another in a material-locking manner via a weld produced by a welding beam, in particular a laser or electron beam. Due to the location of incidence of the center of the welding beam on the components, a weld seam path is defined, which runs essentially along the joint in a first weld seam section, and the weld has an approximately constant weld seam width. The end of the weld is formed in a subsequent second weld section.
  • a so-called keyhole which is filled with evaporating metal and surrounded by molten metal, is formed at the point of incidence of the welding beam.
  • a keyhole allows a deep penetration of the welding beam and is such a characteristic feature of so-called deep welding. If the power of the welding jet is now reduced or completely deactivated at one end of the weld, very rapid solidification processes take place due to the lack of energy input and rapid heat dissipation into the interior of the components, and these are often so fast that craters, notches or cracks remain at the weld seam end ,
  • a joining connection produced by a generic method is known, for example, from DE 20 2012 102 318 U1.
  • a weld end is formed as a hook or a loop made to avoid end crater cracks.
  • the appropriate choice of the dimensions of the weld end and the exact determination of the shape of the weld end depend on many factors and can be correspondingly expensive.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a joint connection which can be produced in a simple manner and has favorable properties with regard to the avoidance of end craters and end crater cracks.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by a generic joint connection, in which in the second weld section, the weld seam viewed in the direction of welding alternately has a deflection in the first component and a deflection in the second component, with two or more crossing points the weld seam track are formed with the joining joint and successive crossing points have a distance to one another that corresponds at most to the width of the weld seam in the first weld seam section.
  • a possible embodiment of the joint connection can consist in that the weld seam end formed from solidified melt bath has a corrugated edge with wave crests and wave troughs in plan view, where wave crests correspond to the local maximum deflections of the weld seam track in the respective component.
  • This outer shape of the weld favors transverse surface-aligned surface structures and avoids end craters with notches parallel to the joint.
  • a frequently applicable and advantageous embodiment of the joint connection in practice is that it is designed as a butt weld and in the second weld seam section a maximum deflection of the weld seam path measured transversely to the joint in the first Component substantially coincides with the maximum deflection of the weld seam in the second component.
  • a likewise often applicable in practice embodiment is formed in that the joint connection is formed as a fillet weld, wherein the joint is formed by the fact that an edge of the second component rests on the surface of the first component and the welding beam at an acute angle is guided to the surface of the first component to the joining, and that in the second weld section corresponds to the maximum deflection of the weld seam in the second component at least twice, preferably three times, in particular four times the maximum deflection of the weld seam in the first component.
  • An advantageous energy distribution with effective prevention of end craters in the weld end is achieved when the sum of the maximum deflection of the weld seam in the first component and the maximum deflection of the weld seam in the second component between 0.8 times and 2 times the weld width, preferably between 1.2 times and 1.5 times the width of the weld.
  • the weld seam path has a first deflection in the first component, a second deflection in the second component and a third deflection in the first component and then in succession in a welding end point where the welding beam is deactivated ends.
  • any welding defects at the weld end come to rest at a defined point and can be identified more easily or countermeasures can be taken.
  • An alternative embodiment of the joint which also has a spatially very short weld end, but without an increased risk of end craters, is that the welding end point, in which the welding beam is deactivated or falls below a certain lower power limit, by reversing the welding direction before outermost weld endpoint is located.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing a joint connection according to the preamble of claim 11.
  • the weld seam path in the second weld seam section, is alternately guided in a deflection into the first component and in a deflection into the second component in the manner of an oscillation aligned transversely to the joint, wherein the weld seam track is guided so that it has two or more points of intersection has the joint and successive crossing points to each other have a distance which corresponds at most to the weld seam width.
  • the region of the weld seam end, in which the keyhole collapses when the welding beam is deactivated, is pretreated by the measures according to the invention in such a way that no sharp-edged surface topographies result, as usually occur in the known end craters.
  • the advantageous effects of the invention can be achieved in particular if the weld seam path in the second weld section has deflections with respect to the joint in a shape selected from a group comprising sinusoidal, zigzag-shaped, sawtooth-shaped, rectangular, trapezoidal, wavy.
  • These forms can be easily programmed in a modern CNC control of a welding device and easily realized by corresponding CNC axes.
  • a weld end with a low risk of forming a terminal crater is created when power from the welding beam is reduced from a substantially constant output in the first weld section in the second weld section to less than 20% of the output power until a weld end point in which the weld beam is deactivated ,
  • a machine variant of advantage is a method variant in which the movements of the welding beam relative to the assembly in the first weld section by a welding head moving CNC axes are performed and arranged in the second weld section at least the deflections of the welding beam across the joint by means of a in or on the welding head and of the CNC axes are performed independently adjustable optical deflection system.
  • the movements of the welding beam relative to the assembly in the first weld section by a welding head moving CNC axes are performed and arranged in the second weld section at least the deflections of the welding beam across the joint by means of a in or on the welding head and of the CNC axes are performed independently adjustable optical deflection system.
  • the movements of the welding beam relative to the assembly in the first weld section by a welding head moving CNC axes are performed and arranged in the second weld section at least the deflections of the welding beam across the joint by means of a in or on the welding head and of the CNC axes are performed independently adjustable optical
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a weld end of a joint connection with Endkrater and Endkraterriss.
  • FIG. 2 is a view of the weld end of a joint according to the invention.
  • 3 shows a cross section through a weld end of a joint connection according to the invention
  • 4 shows a view of a further possible embodiment of a joint connection according to the invention
  • 5 shows a section through a further possible embodiment of a joint connection according to the invention
  • Fig. 6 is a view of another possible embodiment of a joint connection according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross section through an assembly of a first metallic component 1 and a second metallic component 2, which are interconnected by means of a joint connection.
  • the joint connection is formed by a weld seam 3, whereby it bridges a joining joint 4 which is formed on the components 1 and 2 by facing joining surfaces 5 and 6 which face one another and are substantially gap-free.
  • the components 1, 2 with flat joining surfaces 5, 6 butt against each other and the weld 3 can be referred to in this embodiment as butt weld 7.
  • the weld seam 3 is produced by directing a high-energy welding beam 8, which is indicated in FIG. 1 by a dashed ray bundle, in the region of the joining joint 4 onto the components 1, 2.
  • the welding beam 8 is usually moved along the joint 4 and is thereby generated a substantially constant weld 3 with largely consistent properties.
  • the welding beam 8 is deactivated and thereby a weld end is formed.
  • defects in the produced weld seam 3 may occur for the following reasons.
  • a so-called keyhole which is filled with evaporating metal and surrounded by molten metal, is formed at the point of incidence of the welding beam 8.
  • a keyhole allows for a deep penetrate the welding beam 8 and is such a characteristic feature of so-called deep welding.
  • the keyhole also moves accordingly, while the back of the keyhole is closed by solidifying molten metal.
  • Endkraterrisse 10 For assemblies with high demands on the mechanical strength, especially in dynamic stress, such vulnerabilities are to be avoided by Endkraterrisse 10 and therefore beam welding methods have been developed that should avoid the occurrence of such Endkrater 9 and such Endkraterrisse 10.
  • FIG. 2 shows a view of a possible embodiment of a joint connection according to the invention between a first metallic component 1 and a second metallic component 2.
  • the joint connection in the form of a weld 3 is formed by a welding beam 8, wherein in FIG. 2 an impact location 11 of the welding beam 8 during the production of the weld 3 is indicated by a dashed circle.
  • the point of incidence 11 of the welding beam 8 can also be referred to as the welding beam focus and typically has a diameter of a few tenths of a millimeter up to a millimeter or even more.
  • the center of the welding beam is moved and define the Auftrefforte 11 on the components 1, 2, a weld seam 13.
  • the joint connection according to the invention comprises a first weld seam section 15, in which the weld seam web 13 extends substantially along the joining joint 4 between the components 1 and 2 and a uniform weld seam 3 is produced due to a substantially constant welding speed and constant welding power, which in particular is approximately constant Weld seam width 14 has.
  • the first weld seam section 15 is adjoined by a second weld seam section 16, in which a weld end 17 is formed.
  • a welding direction 18 is indicated by a pointing to the right arrow. That is, the welding beam 8 is moved in the production of the weld 3 from left to right.
  • the weld seam track 13 as connection of the centers 12 of the impact locations 11 of the welding beam 8 is also the track along which the keyhole moves during the welding process.
  • the weld end 17 is embodied in the second weld seam section 16 in such a way that the weld seam web 13 alternately has a deflection 19 in the first component 1 and a deflection 20 in the second component 2 in the manner of an oscillation aligned transversely to the joint 4.
  • the weld seam track 13 in the weld end 17 has two deflections 19 in the first component 1 and a deflection 20 in the second component 2.
  • the center 12 of the welding beam 8 becomes different from the first weld seam portion during the production of the weld seam end 17 15 is moved in the second weld section 16 not only in the welding direction 18 along the joint 4, but also transversely thereto and thereby crosses the weld seam 13 between a Deflection 19 in the first component 1 and a deflection 20 in the second component 2, the joint 4 and also between a deflection 20 in the second component 2 and a subsequent deflection 19 in the first component 1. This results in a first intersection point 21 and a second subsequent crossing point 22 of the weld seam web 13 with the joint 4.
  • FIG. 2 which runs
  • weld seam path 13 similar to a sinusoidal oscillation, wherein the deflections 19, 20 are each half-wave-like. Deviating from this, however, deflections 19, 20 are also possible, which run in a zigzag, sawtooth, rectangular, trapezoidal, wavy manner.
  • the weld seam path 13 ends after the second deflection 19 in the first component 1 at a welding path end point 23, which is approximately in Fig. 2 on the joint 4. Between the first weld section 15 and the weld end point 23, in which the
  • Welding beam 8 is deactivated, the power of the welding beam is reduced.
  • two consecutive crossing points 21, 22 have a distance 24 from each other which corresponds at most to the width of the weld seam 14 in the first weld seam section 15.
  • Alternate deflections 19, 20 in the first component 1 and the second component 2 are thereby not stretched long, but take place relatively short in a row. Since the distance between the points of intersection 21, 22 to each other is smaller than the weld seam width 14, overlap or overlap the resulting when passing through the deflection 20 by the welding beam 8 at its points of incidence 11 molten metal.
  • This multiple transverse movement of the welding beam 8 in the region of the weld end 17 results in an enlarged melt bath, which cools slower due to its larger volume than the straight weld 3 in the first weld section 15.
  • the molten metal has thereby longer time, a largely closed surface of the weld 3 form, which in particular the formation of deep, sharp-edged or notched Endkratern is largely avoided. Likewise, the associated end crater cracks are largely avoided.
  • the deflections 19, 20 of the weld seam track 13 each have local maximum deflections 25 and 26 transversely to the joint 4 in the first component 1.
  • the welded seam end 17 formed from solidified molten metal has a corrugated edge with wave crests 27 in plan view and troughs 28 on.
  • deflections 19, 20, in which the welding beam 8 still with comparatively high power is operated correspond to the wave peaks 27 with the local maximum deflections 25, 26 of the weld seam 13 in the respective component 1, 2, which also results in a characteristic edge in a weld seam 17 according to the invention.
  • the joint connection is designed as a butt seam 7, it is advantageous if in
  • FIG. 3 shows, in an enlarged detail, a section through a joint according to the invention along the line III-III in FIG. 2. It can be seen that at the weld seam surface 29 an end crater 9 or end crater tear 10 shown in FIG joining compound according to the invention is not present.
  • the mechanical strength of the joint connection is significantly improved by the lower notch effect of this weld seam surface 29.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the joint connection, which may be independent of itself, wherein the same reference numerals or component designations are again used for the same parts as in the preceding FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • reference numerals or component designations are again used for the same parts as in the preceding FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • FIG. 4 shows features which differ from the embodiment according to FIG. 2, but can be features of further embodiments individually or in combination with each other.
  • the weld seam 13 in the second weld section 16 is not symmetrical with respect to the joint 4, but are the deflections 19 in the first component 1 with executed a smaller deflection 25 and the deflections 20 are executed in the second component 2 with a larger maximum deflection 26.
  • the maximum deflection 26 of the weld seam track 3 corresponds to at least twice, preferably three times, in particular four times, the maximum deflection 25 of the weld seam track 3 into the first component 1, that is to say a ratio of the maximum deflections 25, 26 of 20% and 80%.
  • the individual deflections 19, 20 are, for example, symmetrical with respect to a reference line 30 offset parallel to the joint 4.
  • the weld seam web 13 in the weld end 17 has a first deflection 19 in the first component 1, a subsequent second deflection 20 in the second component 2, a third deflection 19 again in the first component 1 and a fourth deflection 20 in the second component 2 and ends in a welding path end point 23, which lies in the first component 1.
  • a first deflection 19 in the first component 1 a subsequent second deflection 20 in the second component 2
  • a third deflection 19 again in the first component 1 and a fourth deflection 20 in the second component 2 ends in a welding path end point 23, which lies in the first component 1.
  • two further crossing points 31 and 32 of the weld seam track 13 with the joining joint 4 are present next to the crossing points 21, 22.
  • successive points of intersection 21, 22, 31, 32 are at a distance from one another, the maximum of the weld seam width 14 in the first weld section 15 corresponds.
  • the deflections 19 in the first component may have the same maximum deflections 25, as well as the deflections 20 in the second component; However, it is also possible that the deflections 19 in the first component 1 or the deflections 20 in the second component 2 different, in particular decreasing Maximalausschitch 25 and 26 has.
  • FIG. 5 shows a partial sectional view of a further embodiment of the joint connection according to the invention, in which the weld seam 3 is designed in the form of a fillet weld 33.
  • the joint 4 is formed in this joint connection such that an edge 34 of the second
  • Component 2 rests on a surface 35 substantially gap-free.
  • the second component 2 is arranged at a right angle to the first component 1, but also oblique arrangements of the component 2 are possible. Since the joint 4 coincides with a fillet weld 33 with the surface 35 of a component 1, the welding beam 8 can not be fed exactly in the direction of the joint 4, but its direction must deviate slightly from the direction of the joint 4. To achieve this, the welding beam 8 is guided at an acute angle 35 to the surface of the first component 1 to the joint 4. In the production of the joint connection according to the invention or in carrying out the method according to the invention, it is advantageous if the welding beam 8 in the second weld section 16 with respect to a position shown in dashed lines in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 could also be regarded as a view of a fillet weld 33 in the direction IV-IV in FIG. 5.
  • the weld seam 3 is thus oriented at a fillet weld 33 in the first weld section 15 approximately at the accessible end of the joint 4, while it is positioned in the second weld section 16 for the most part on the second component 2 and therefore the greater proportion of the weld end is located in the component 2.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of the joint connection, which is possibly independent of itself, again using the same reference numerals or component designations for the same parts as in the preceding FIGS. 1 to 5.
  • reference numerals or component designations for the same parts as in the preceding FIGS. 1 to 5.
  • an alternating sequence of deflections 19 in the first component and deflections 20 in the second component is again carried out in the weld end 17, wherein in this embodiment, the welding direction 18 after the second deflection 19 of the weld seam 13 in the first component 1 the
  • Welding direction 18 is changed to the left direction, whereby the third deflection 19 comes to rest in the first component 1 between the first and second deflection 19.
  • the weld end point 23 in this embodiment is closer to the beginning of the weld end than the outermost weld end 36.
  • Also by this embodiment is achieved by the multiple deflections 19, 20 of the weld seam 13 transverse to the joint 4, an enlarged melt pool having no end craters.
  • the embodiments show possible embodiments of the joint connection, it being noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof, but also various combinations of the individual embodiments are possible with each other and this variation possibility due to the teaching of technical action representational invention in the skill of those skilled in this technical field.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une liaison d'assemblage entre un premier élément métallique (1) et un second élément métallique (2) qui forment un bord d'assemblage (4) et sont reliés entre eux par un cordon de soudure (3) réalisé au moyen d'un faisceau de soudure (8). La bande de cordon de soudure (13) définie par les emplacements d'impact (11) du faisceau de soudure (8) sur les éléments (1, 2), s'étend dans une première section de cordon de soudure (15) le long du bord d'assemblage (4) et le cordon de soudure (3) présente une largeur (14) constante, et une extrémité de cordon de soudure (17) est formée dans la seconde section de cordon de soudure (16). Dans celle-ci, la bande de cordon de soudure (13) présente, transversalement au bord d'assemblage (4), en alternance une orientation (19) vers l'intérieur du premier élément (1) et une orientation (20) vers l'intérieur du second élément (2), au moins deux points de croisement (21, 22, 31, 32,...) de la bande de cordon de soudure (13) avec le bord d'assemblage (4) étant formés et des points de croisement (21, 22, 31, 32) successifs étant espacés d'une distance (24) qui correspond au maximum à la largeur (14) du cordon de soudure.
PCT/AT2014/050249 2013-10-21 2014-10-17 Liaison d'assemblage et procédé de soudure par faisceau WO2015058225A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112014004811.9T DE112014004811A5 (de) 2013-10-21 2014-10-17 Fügeverbindung und Strahlschweißverfahren

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50677/2013 2013-10-21
ATA50677/2013A AT514970B1 (de) 2013-10-21 2013-10-21 Fügeverbindung und Strahlschweißverfahren

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WO2015058225A3 WO2015058225A3 (fr) 2015-08-06

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Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016206676A1 (de) * 2016-01-20 2017-07-20 Mahle International Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Schweißnaht mittels Laserschweißen
DE102016204556A1 (de) * 2016-03-18 2017-09-21 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Laserstrahlschweißen, Schweißnaht und Laserstrahlschweißvorrichtung
WO2017167520A1 (fr) * 2016-03-26 2017-10-05 Audi Ag Procédé de réalisation d'un assemblage par aboutement par soudage et assemblage par aboutement réalisé selon le procédé

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DE202012102318U1 (de) 2012-06-22 2012-07-12 Stiwa Holding Gmbh Fügeverbindung zwischen metallischen Bauteilen und Schweißvorrichtung

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US4376886A (en) * 1981-01-02 1983-03-15 Sciaky Bros., Inc. Method for electron beam welding
JP3453972B2 (ja) * 1995-12-27 2003-10-06 トヨタ自動車株式会社 レーザ溶接方法および装置
DE10349677B4 (de) * 2003-02-28 2009-05-14 Daimler Ag Verfahren zum Laserstrahlschweißen mit reduzierter Bildung von Endkratern
CN101716701A (zh) * 2009-12-10 2010-06-02 哈尔滨工业大学 利用激光-gma电弧复合焊接装置实现摆动焊接的方法

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DE202012102318U1 (de) 2012-06-22 2012-07-12 Stiwa Holding Gmbh Fügeverbindung zwischen metallischen Bauteilen und Schweißvorrichtung

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016206676A1 (de) * 2016-01-20 2017-07-20 Mahle International Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Schweißnaht mittels Laserschweißen
DE102016204556A1 (de) * 2016-03-18 2017-09-21 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Laserstrahlschweißen, Schweißnaht und Laserstrahlschweißvorrichtung
WO2017167520A1 (fr) * 2016-03-26 2017-10-05 Audi Ag Procédé de réalisation d'un assemblage par aboutement par soudage et assemblage par aboutement réalisé selon le procédé
CN108883504A (zh) * 2016-03-26 2018-11-23 奥迪股份公司 用于通过焊接制造接合连接的方法及根据该方法制造的接合连接
US11135678B2 (en) 2016-03-26 2021-10-05 Audi Ag Method for producing a joining connection via welding and joining connection produced according to said method

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AT514970A1 (de) 2015-05-15
DE112014004811A5 (de) 2016-09-01
WO2015058225A3 (fr) 2015-08-06
AT514970B1 (de) 2015-09-15

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