WO2015054767A1 - Máquina térmica diferencial com ciclo de oito transformações termodinãmicas e processo de controle - Google Patents
Máquina térmica diferencial com ciclo de oito transformações termodinãmicas e processo de controle Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015054767A1 WO2015054767A1 PCT/BR2014/000381 BR2014000381W WO2015054767A1 WO 2015054767 A1 WO2015054767 A1 WO 2015054767A1 BR 2014000381 W BR2014000381 W BR 2014000381W WO 2015054767 A1 WO2015054767 A1 WO 2015054767A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- transformations
- thermodynamic
- chamber
- differential
- cycle
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
- F02G1/045—Controlling
- F02G1/05—Controlling by varying the rate of flow or quantity of the working gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
- F02G1/044—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines having at least two working members, e.g. pistons, delivering power output
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
- F02G1/053—Component parts or details
- F02G1/055—Heaters or coolers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2244/00—Machines having two pistons
- F02G2244/02—Single-acting two piston engines
- F02G2244/06—Single-acting two piston engines of stationary cylinder type
- F02G2244/10—Single-acting two piston engines of stationary cylinder type having cylinders in V-arrangement
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2250/00—Special cycles or special engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2250/00—Special cycles or special engines
- F02G2250/09—Carnot cycles in general
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2270/00—Constructional features
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2270/00—Constructional features
- F02G2270/90—Valves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the technical field of thermodynamic motors, more specifically to a differential-cycle closed-gas gas thermal machine which is characterized by performing an eight-transformation thermodynamic cycle, or otherwise to explain, it performs simultaneously two thermodynamic cycles, each with four complementary interdependent transformations, two of which are “isothermal” and two "adiabatic” with mass transfer.
- the present machine operates in accordance with the principles of thermodynamics, more specifically according to the foundations of Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot, or commonly “Carnot”, whose secular and accepted utterance in the scientific world does not change.
- a system must cycle between hot and cold sources continuously.In each cycle, a certain amount of heat is removed from the hot source (useful energy), which is partially converted to work, and the remainder is rejected for the cold source. (energy dissipated) "
- Rankine Cycle Machines created in 1859 by William John Macquorn Rankine, machines used in jays and also in energy generation operate by the Brayton Cycle, created in 1872 by George Brayton, proposed earlier in 1791 by John Barber, uses as a power source. , also derived from materials of fossil origin, kerosene, gas. Internal combustion engines used in automobiles operate on the Otto cycle, developed by Nikolaus Otto in 1876, also uses fossil fuels, gasoline, currently also of plant origin, alcohol.
- thermodynamic cycle are referenced to the neighborhood and this is the environment, which can be the atmosphere, the space they are in, for example:
- Internal combustion engines after working on a mechanical force element, piston, turbine, the gases are released into the environment, so the gas forces push the motive force elements towards their respective surroundings, ie the environment.
- their thermodynamic cycle of four transformations, two isothermal and two isochoric occurs with the gas always confined in the same environment and the driving force occurs through the displacement of an element, for example a piston, against its vicinity, the external environment or other pressurized or vacuum chamber.
- the technology described in the present description presents a closed-loop machine, but it is not composed of a four-transformation cycle but a new concept in a differential configuration so that it performs an eight-transformation cycle, always in pairs, two by two, with mass transfer, maintaining and following Carnot's concepts of thermodynamics, however, it requires considering the mass variation in the equations, providing a possibility not considered in the current thermal machines, that is, the The concept of the present technology offers a new condition that influences throughput, enabling the design of more efficient machines where the yield limit no longer requires the sole and exclusive dependence on temperature, but instead considers the mass transfer rate between the chambers. conversion so that the income equation has a new factor.
- the developed technology which is the subject of this patent text, is not an ideal lossless machine, but it is a machine capable of performing the eight thermodynamic cycle transformations with high precision from a thermal source of any kind, therefore, it has the main characteristics currently desired for powertrain machine designs or power generation plants. It has benefits of practical and economical application and depending on each project, power ranges and characteristics of heat sources, can perform very high yields, surpassing the performance of the vast majority of other machines considered high performance, because it does not have its efficiency. solely dependent on temperature.
- Another objective of singular importance is the use of this technology in flexible power generation plants in terms of thermal sources, economically viable yield in relation to generated energy versus thermal source and with minimal environmental impact, such as the use of clean thermal sources such as solar, thermosolar, low environmental impact as biofuels and economical as the use of waste and in pre-existing plants where it operates by heat loss, forming cogeneration systems, or combined with other technologies forming more complex processes called combined cycles such as forming Brayton-Differential Combined cycle systems, using as heat source the high temperature gases released by Brayton, Rankine-Differential cycle turbines, whose heat source is the steam outputs of the last stages of the steam turbines and chimney gases, Diesel-Differential, whose heat source comes from of the Otto-Differential diesel engine coolants, whose heat source comes from the Otto cycle machine coolants, among others, significantly enhancing performance as Brayton, Rankine, Diesel cycle thermal machine processes , Otto, have many thermal losses that cannot be harnessed by their own high temperature dependent thermodynamic cycles, requiring
- Figure 01 shows the original Carnot machine (1), the flow diagram of the Carnot machine and other thermal machines operating with four thermodynamic transformations cycle (2), the Carnot machine cycle graph with its four transformations. (3).
- Figure 02 shows the Differential Machine (4), composed of two thermodynamic transformation chambers (5) and (6), each chamber with three sections, respectively (8), (9), (10) and (11), (12), (13) each section has its movable, controllable piston, each chamber with a gas volume (18) and (19), working gas flow channels (20) and (21), gas mass transfer (17), control valve assembly (14) and (15), drive power element inertial operation release valve (16), driving force element (7), power element pistons (22) and (23), crankshaft shaft of the driving force element (24).
- Three-section chambers may be constituted in various forms, are already in the state of the art, may be by plungers, as exemplified, this model was used to facilitate understanding of the technology described herein, may be in the form of disks contained in a circular housing which provides advantages for the pressure balance, as contained in the state of the art, as well as actuators for moving pistons or three-section chambers, which may be electric by means of motors, servomotors, tires or even by direct mechanical means.
- the working gas never changes physical state in any of the eight transformations of the cycle, it will always be in the gaseous state and can be chosen according to project due to its properties, the main ones are Helium, Hydrogen, Neon, Nitrogen and dry air. of the atmosphere.
- Figure 03 shows again the differential machine (4), the heat flow diagram of the differential machine (25) and the comparative graph of the thermodynamic cycles of the differential machine and Carnot machine (26).
- Figure 4 shows the differential machine (4) with a chamber containing the working gas in the heated section performing its high temperature isothermal transformation shown in graph (27), while the other chamber also containing working gas in the cooled section performing its low temperature isothermal transformation, shown in graph (28). These transformations occur from one to the other, so it is called “Differential”.
- the mass transfer elements (17) and valve for releasing the inertial operation of the driving force element (16) are closed, the control valves
- figure 05 is shown the differential machine (4) with a chamber containing the working gas in the insulated section performing its mass transfer adiabatic transformation (29) to the second chamber, simultaneously to another chamber also containing working gas in the isolated section performing its transformation also adiabatic, but compression (30), receiving working gas from the first chamber.
- the mass transfer element (17) transfers gas particles from the first high temperature chamber to the second low temperature chamber, the valve for releasing the inertial operation of the driving force element (16). allowing the crankshaft (24) to continue to rotate from the driving force (7), the control valves (14) and
- figure 06 is shown the differential machine (4) now with the first chamber containing the working gas in the cooled section performing its low temperature isothermal transformation shown in graph (31), simultaneously to another chamber in turn, also containing gas of work in the heated section performing its high temperature isothermal transformation, shown in graph (32).
- the mass transfer elements (17) and valve for releasing the inertial operation of the driving force element (16) are closed, the control valves (14) and (15) are open allowing gas to work on the driving force element (7).
- FIG 07 is shown the differential machine (4) with a camera containing the working gas in the isolated section performing its adiabatic compression transformation (33) receiving gas mass from the second chamber, simultaneously to another chamber also containing working gas in the isolated section performing its also adiabatic but expanding transformation (34), with working gas transfer to the first chamber.
- the mass transfer element (17) transfers gas particles from the second chamber, now in the high temperature condition, to the first low temperature chamber, the valve for releasing the inertial operation of the driving force element (16) Open allowing the crankshaft (24) to continue to rotate from the driving force element (7), the control valves (14) and (15) are closed to perform adiabatic processes.
- Fig. 08 shows the graph of the yield of the "Eight Closed-Loop Differential Thermal Machine with Gas Mass Transfer between Chambers for different gas mass transfer rates, to be explained in the present patent text.
- thermodynamic cycle is a reference of four transformations shown in (3) still in figure 01, composed by two isothermal and two adiabatic transformations.
- T 2 is the cold source temperature and T (the hot source temperature, and the efficiency of this machine tends to 100% at the limit where T 2 tends to "zero".
- thermodynamic cycles no longer occur with reference to the environment, but with reference to another simultaneous and lagged thermodynamic cycle and all calculations become one with reference to the other, creating new possibilities.
- Figure 02 shows the "Eight Thermodynamic Transformation Closed-Loop Differential Thermal Machine with Mass Transfer between Chambers”.
- figure 02 indicates a chamber composed of three sections, one heated, one isolated and one cooled, the gas will always occupy only one of the sections in each of the tennodynamic transformations.
- this chamber four of the eight transformations that occur in the same cycle are processed, the gas during each transformation phase is transported to the sections through the pistons indicated in the same figure.
- the other chamber identical to the first one, which processes the other four transformations completing the thermodynamic cycle of eight transformations, both are connected to each other in a differential configuration by means of the ducts (20) and (21), including a driving force element (7), a gas mass transfer element (17), a control valve assembly (14) and (15), a valve for releasing inertial operation of the driving force element (16).
- the driving force element consists of pistons (22) and (23) and crankshaft shaft (24) which depending on the system characteristics, the driving force element may differ and even be known market shares such as turbines, diaphragms, rotors that operate by gas flow.
- the elements (8) and (11) show respectively the heated sections of the chambers (5) and (6)
- the elements (9) and (12) respectively show the isolated sections of the chambers (5) and (6)
- elements (10) and (13) show respectively the cooled sections of chambers (5) and (6)
- thermo-dynamic cycle the performance of a machine in the differential gas particle transfer configuration with a 8-transformation thermo-dynamic cycle.
- T 2 is the cold source temperature
- the hot source temperature and the particle transfer rate between chambers and the efficiency of this machine tends to 100% under two possible conditions, where T 2 tends to "zero" and at the limit where l / k tends to zero as can be seen in graph (35), specifically at point (36) shown in figure 08.
- the mass transfer differential cycle consists of the passage of a certain amount of gas particles from the chamber that has completed its high isothermal transformation to the chamber that has completed its low isothermal transformation, but this transfer occurs during adiabatic transformations. causing an extension of the curves as shown in graph (26) of figure 03. While one of the chambers suffers the effect of pressure drop, density reduction (volume increase) observed in (a) of graph (26), in the other pressure increases, density increases (volume reduction) observed in (c) of graph (26). This length of the curve increases the area of the cycle, ie the work done.
- Differential thermal machines perform simultaneous thermodynamic transformations, shown by the arrows on the high (cd) and low (ab) isotherms in the graph (26) of figure 03, as they are differential there are two chambers simultaneously performing their own thermodynamic cycle, but one with reference to the other. This property allows the transfer of matter between them in order to reduce the energy supplied to the cold source.
- the fundamentals of differential thermal machines are the same as other thermal machines, with the Carnot machine as a general reference.
- the Differential Machine with eight thermodynamic transformations cycle performed two by two simultaneously has a performance that can be demonstrated mathematically as follows:
- thermodynamic cycle with the particles it contains. It would therefore be an integrated system with two simultaneous thermodynamic cycles, lagged by 180 °, or a thermodynamic cycle with 8 transformations occurring in pairs, lagged and interdependent because they exchange mass with each other and the expansions are carried out alternately and not against each other. environment.
- Mass transfer occurs during adiabatic processes after one of the chambers performs work against the other in the high isotherm, the control system would enable particle passage through the high chamber element (17) to the low chamber, until the pressure balance is reached or forced. In this way a smaller number of gas particles will be available in the low isotherm, reducing energy loss to the cold source. This conserved energy will be circulating between the two chambers of the machine, shown in the flow diagram (25) of Fig. 03, providing increased efficiency and this energy fraction cannot be used to generate work.
- the total amount of energy associated with the job is:
- T 2 is the cold source temperature and Ti is the hot source temperature.
- this invention proposes substantial innovation for future power systems as it has the property of operating with any thermal source. Its objectives are its application in power generation plants having as its basic source, thermosolar energy and as complements, thermal sources of geological origin, biofuels and also in special cases or to complement fossil and even nuclear fuels. . Exemplifying the application fields of this technology follows:
- thermosolar sources with mirrors and concentrators
- these plants can be Large generating plants having as source of heat the use of the fall from the depths of the soil, obtained by passing a circulating thermal fluid to obtain the heat from the depths, transporting it to the surface and thus being used in the chambers. of conversion.
- Small and medium sized generating plants for distributed generation having as source of heat small solar concentrators or small boilers for burning agro-industrial waste or garbage waste.
- high power generation is included to meet the needs of space propulsion ion motors.
- AIP submarine power generation systems "Air Independent Propulsion", using heat source as fuel cells.
- Machines for generating mechanical force of vehicular traction are Machines for generating mechanical force of vehicular traction.
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2926567A CA2926567C (en) | 2013-10-16 | 2014-10-16 | Thermal differential machine with eight changes of thermodynamic cycle and process control |
JP2016523313A JP2016535192A (ja) | 2013-10-16 | 2014-10-16 | 過程制御及び熱力学サイクルの八つの変化を有する差動熱機械 |
EP14854290.5A EP3059428B1 (en) | 2013-10-16 | 2014-10-16 | Differential thermodynamic machine with a cycle of eight thermodynamic transformations, and control method |
CN201480056715.7A CN105793548B (zh) | 2013-10-16 | 2014-10-16 | 具有热力学循环的八次转换的热差速机 |
US15/030,080 US10018149B2 (en) | 2013-10-16 | 2014-10-16 | Differential thermodynamic machine with a cycle of eight thermodynamic transformations, and control method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRBR1020130266345 | 2013-10-16 | ||
BRBR102013026634-5A BR102013026634A2 (pt) | 2013-10-16 | 2013-10-16 | Máquina térmica diferencial com ciclo de oito transformações termodinâmicas e processo de controle |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2015054767A1 true WO2015054767A1 (pt) | 2015-04-23 |
Family
ID=52827485
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/BR2014/000381 WO2015054767A1 (pt) | 2013-10-16 | 2014-10-16 | Máquina térmica diferencial com ciclo de oito transformações termodinãmicas e processo de controle |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10018149B2 (pt) |
EP (1) | EP3059428B1 (pt) |
JP (1) | JP2016535192A (pt) |
CN (1) | CN105793548B (pt) |
BR (1) | BR102013026634A2 (pt) |
CA (1) | CA2926567C (pt) |
WO (1) | WO2015054767A1 (pt) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018035588A1 (pt) * | 2016-08-26 | 2018-03-01 | Associaos Paranaense De Cultura - Apc | Motor térmico de ciclo diferencial composto por quatro processos isotérmicos, quatro processos isocóricos com regenerador ativo e processo de controle para o ciclo termodinâmico do motor trémico |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018152603A1 (pt) * | 2017-02-23 | 2018-08-30 | Associacao Paranaense De Cultura - Apc | Motor térmico de ciclo diferencial composto por dois processos !socóricos, quatro processos isotérmicos e dois processos adiabáticos e processo de controle para o ciclo termodinâmico do motor térmico |
FR3105303B1 (fr) * | 2019-12-21 | 2022-06-17 | Pierre Lecanu | Moteur Stirling à double tours |
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2013
- 2013-10-16 BR BRBR102013026634-5A patent/BR102013026634A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2014
- 2014-10-16 EP EP14854290.5A patent/EP3059428B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2014-10-16 CA CA2926567A patent/CA2926567C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-10-16 JP JP2016523313A patent/JP2016535192A/ja active Pending
- 2014-10-16 CN CN201480056715.7A patent/CN105793548B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-10-16 US US15/030,080 patent/US10018149B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-10-16 WO PCT/BR2014/000381 patent/WO2015054767A1/pt active Application Filing
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WO2018035588A1 (pt) * | 2016-08-26 | 2018-03-01 | Associaos Paranaense De Cultura - Apc | Motor térmico de ciclo diferencial composto por quatro processos isotérmicos, quatro processos isocóricos com regenerador ativo e processo de controle para o ciclo termodinâmico do motor trémico |
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US10018149B2 (en) | 2018-07-10 |
EP3059428B1 (en) | 2021-01-27 |
US20160252047A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
JP2016535192A (ja) | 2016-11-10 |
EP3059428A1 (en) | 2016-08-24 |
CA2926567A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
BR102013026634A2 (pt) | 2015-08-25 |
CA2926567C (en) | 2019-11-26 |
CN105793548B (zh) | 2018-03-16 |
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