WO2015043477A1 - 十四面体积木 - Google Patents

十四面体积木 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015043477A1
WO2015043477A1 PCT/CN2014/087370 CN2014087370W WO2015043477A1 WO 2015043477 A1 WO2015043477 A1 WO 2015043477A1 CN 2014087370 W CN2014087370 W CN 2014087370W WO 2015043477 A1 WO2015043477 A1 WO 2015043477A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unit body
group
unit
row
bodies
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/087370
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张衡
Original Assignee
张衡
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=49788992&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO2015043477(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority to EP14847554.4A priority Critical patent/EP3050608B1/en
Priority to ES14847554T priority patent/ES2771573T3/es
Priority to KR1020167009880A priority patent/KR101844696B1/ko
Priority to US14/400,643 priority patent/US9687749B2/en
Priority to SG11201602435YA priority patent/SG11201602435YA/en
Priority to AU2014327989A priority patent/AU2014327989B2/en
Priority to EA201690691A priority patent/EA032595B1/ru
Priority to JP2015538289A priority patent/JP6063578B2/ja
Priority to BR112016006884-0A priority patent/BR112016006884B1/pt
Priority to CA2925689A priority patent/CA2925689C/en
Application filed by 张衡 filed Critical 张衡
Priority to DK14847554.4T priority patent/DK3050608T3/da
Priority to MX2016004015A priority patent/MX2016004015A/es
Priority to MYPI2016000748A priority patent/MY187594A/en
Publication of WO2015043477A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015043477A1/zh
Priority to ZA2016/02869A priority patent/ZA201602869B/en
Priority to PH12016500801A priority patent/PH12016500801A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H33/00—Other toys
    • A63H33/04—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts
    • A63H33/06—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements
    • A63H33/08—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements provided with complementary holes, grooves, or protuberances, e.g. dovetails
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H17/00—Toy vehicles, e.g. with self-drive; ; Cranes, winches or the like; Accessories therefor
    • A63H17/002—Toy vehicles, e.g. with self-drive; ; Cranes, winches or the like; Accessories therefor made of parts to be assembled
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H3/00—Dolls
    • A63H3/16—Dolls made of parts that can be put together
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H33/00—Other toys
    • A63H33/04—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts
    • A63H33/044—Buildings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H33/00—Other toys
    • A63H33/04—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts
    • A63H33/06—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements
    • A63H33/08—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements provided with complementary holes, grooves, or protuberances, e.g. dovetails
    • A63H33/084—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements provided with complementary holes, grooves, or protuberances, e.g. dovetails with grooves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H33/00—Other toys
    • A63H33/04—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts
    • A63H33/06—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements
    • A63H33/08—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements provided with complementary holes, grooves, or protuberances, e.g. dovetails
    • A63H33/086—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements provided with complementary holes, grooves, or protuberances, e.g. dovetails with primary projections fitting by friction in complementary spaces between secondary projections, e.g. sidewalls
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H33/00—Other toys
    • A63H33/04—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts
    • A63H33/06—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements
    • A63H33/08—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements provided with complementary holes, grooves, or protuberances, e.g. dovetails
    • A63H33/088—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements provided with complementary holes, grooves, or protuberances, e.g. dovetails with holes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a modular building block, in particular a fourteen-faceted volumetric wood.
  • a fourteen-faceted volumetric wood comprising a plurality of unit body bodies, the plurality of unit body bodies having the same structure, shape and volume, and the unit body body having six square faces and eight
  • the tetrahedron of the regular hexagonal surface, the six square faces are equally divided into three groups, the two square faces of the same group are parallel, and the eight regular hexagonal faces are equally divided into four groups, and the two regular hexagons of the same group Parallel faces, two or more unit body bodies are interposed or/and fixedly connected to form a group, and each unit body body is provided with at least one square surface on the square surface, and the other square surface on the same axis as the column head is opened.
  • the slot, the stud of any two unit body and the slot cooperate with each other, or the studs and slots of any two unit body main body cooperate; the two or more unit bodies of the same group are connected to the fixed component It is a consortium.
  • each four unit body bodies connected to each other is defined as a positioning groove, and a central portion of the positioning groove is A square hole, the square hole can cooperate with any square surface of the main body of the unit body to extend the fourteen-faced volume wood laterally or longitudinally.
  • a set of unit body and one or a group of unit body are locked and engaged by the third group or the third unit body: the first group or the first unit body body cooperates with the positioning groove of the second group unit body, The head direction of the unit body of one unit is perpendicular or parallel to the head direction of the body of the second group of unit bodies, and the third group or the third unit body and the second unit body are inserted and matched through the column head and the socket, so that The two sets of unit body and the third or third unit body respectively cooperate with the first group or the first unit body to lock the first group or the first unit body.
  • the fourth group or the fourth unit body is inserted and mated through the column head and the slot, and the fourth group or the fourth unit body and the third group or the third unit body are respectively located on both sides of the first unit body
  • the third group or the third unit body, the fourth group or the fourth unit body and the second unit body together cooperate with the first group or the first unit body, and the first group or the first group
  • the unit body is locked.
  • the first group of unit body and the second group of unit body are each a double row six complex composed of six unit bodies, and the third group unit body is a single row two unit composed of two unit bodies.
  • the two unit body bodies of the first group of unit body bodies are matched with the two positioning grooves of the second group unit body, the third group of unit body and the second group of unit body are inserted and matched, and the second group of unit bodies And the third group of unit body main body locks the first group unit body, the head direction of the first group unit body is perpendicular to the head end direction of the second group unit body.
  • the main body of the unit body is provided with a sub-column head, and the square surface of the sub-column head is perpendicular to the square surface where the column head is located.
  • the slot is a narrowing narrowing hole in the outer width.
  • the column head is composed of a square column, a frustum and a cylindrical connection.
  • the square column is perpendicularly connected with the square surface, and the square column is connected with the cylinder through the frustum.
  • the side length of the square column is larger than the diameter of the cylinder; the outer circumference of the frustum is installed with small particles and double rows.
  • the four-combined, small-particle double-row four-combined body is composed of four small unit bodies in two rows and two columns; the shape of the small unit body is the same as that of the unit body, and the size is one-half of the unit body.
  • the square hole surrounded by the main body of the four small unit bodies is matched with the frustum, and the diameter of the cylinder is equal to the diameter of the head of the small unit body.
  • One side of the main body of the unit body is provided with a connecting shaft, the axis of the connecting shaft is perpendicular to the axis of the stud head, a ball body is arranged on one side of the connecting shaft, a jack is arranged on the ball body, and the jack is located on the same side as the slot, and the bobbin of the connecting shaft is connected
  • the connecting shaft, the sphere and the unit body are connected to form a shaft, and the diameter of the sphere is less than or equal to the diameter of the inscribed circle of the body of the unit.
  • the step of locking the third double-row quadruple joint with another combined body is as follows: firstly, the positioning groove of the third double-row four-combined body is matched with one unit body on the other combined body; and then the second single row The two combined body and the third single row two combined body are respectively connected with the third double row four combined body through the stud head and the slot, and the second single row two combined body and the third single row two combined body are arranged side by side in the second combined body.
  • first single-row double-combined body is installed on the joint body, and the first single-row double-combined body is respectively inserted into the main body of the unit body on the same side of the second single-row two-combined body and the third single-row two-combined body.
  • each unit body member can be inserted and fixed, or can be staggered and spliced, and interlocked with each other, so that the asymmetric model, the upper and lower models can be more firm and not easily scattered. It allows the model to extend in two directions perpendicular to each other, making the model of the entire building block more diverse, and the locking structure ensures that the parts of the model are more secure, ensuring that the model is not easily scattered during moving or playing.
  • a sub-column head can be added to the unit body.
  • the sub-column head can increase the connection direction of the unit body parts, making the assembling method more diverse, and the shape of the assembled model is more varied and firmer.
  • the main body of the unit body can also be provided with a groove and an insert block, so that the main body of the unit body tends to be spliced, and a hollow three-dimensional model is assembled, which is more interesting. Its design is more user-friendly, and the design of the joint components for children under the age of three allows children to develop their sense of space and creativity earlier.
  • the invention also has the advantages of simple and compact structure, low manufacturing cost and convenient plugging.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the first embodiment of the fourteen-faced volume wood of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a bottom view of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a plan view of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective view of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 6 is a plan view of Fig. 5
  • Fig. 7 is a bottom view of Fig. 5
  • Fig. 8 is a perspective view of Fig. 5
  • FIG. 10 is a bottom view of FIG. 9
  • FIG. 11 is a top view of FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 10 is a bottom view of FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a top view of FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 10 is a bottom view of FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a top view of FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 10 is a bottom view of FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a top view of FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 10 is a bottom view of FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the single-row four-combined structure
  • 14 is a schematic structural view of two rows and two columns of double-row quadruple bodies composed of four unit body connections
  • FIG. 15 is a structure of two rows and three columns of double-row six-combined bodies composed of six unit body connections.
  • Schematic diagram Fig. 16 is an assembled blasting diagram of two double-row four-combined bodies and a single-row four-combined body. The figure shows the shape of the positioning groove, and the positioning groove is drawn by a dotted line
  • FIG. 17 is a double-row four. The assembly of the combined body and a single row of three complexes; the main plugs of the two combined bodies are opposite in direction, the main plug is coupled with the square hole;
  • FIG. 16 is an assembled blasting diagram of two double-row four-combined bodies and a single-row four-combined body. The figure shows the shape of the positioning groove, and the positioning groove is drawn by a dotted line;
  • FIG. 18 is a perspective view of FIG. 17;
  • FIG. 19 is a exploded view of FIG.
  • Figure 20 is a model of two double-row six-combined bodies, one single-row three-combined body and one single-row two-combined body;
  • Figure 21 is a perspective view of Figure 20;
  • Figure 22 is a exploded view of Figure 21;
  • Figure 21 is a schematic view of the structure of the same axis;
  • Figure 25 is a schematic view of the bottom view of Figure 24;
  • Figure 26 is a schematic view of the structure of Figure 24; Schematic diagram of the arrangement of the shaft 17 and the two single-row seven-combined bodies.
  • FIG. 28 is a perspective structural view of FIG. 27; 29 is a schematic perspective view of another perspective view of FIG. 27;
  • FIG. 30 is a schematic view showing the structure of another unit body, wherein the stud head is composed of a square column 18, a frustum 19 and a cylinder 20;
  • FIG. 31 is a view of FIG.
  • FIG. 32 is a exploded view of FIG. 31;
  • FIG. 33 is a schematic view of the locking connection method;
  • FIG. 34 is a exploded view of FIG. 33; FIG.
  • FIG. 36 is a perspective structural view of FIG. 35;
  • FIG. 37 is a perspective structural view of another angle of FIG. 35;
  • FIG. 38 is assembled into a positioning shaft mechanism which is formed by inserting and engaging a slot in a middle row;
  • FIG. Figure 39 is a state diagram of the use of the assembled house;
  • Figure 40 is a view of the state of use assembled into an eagle;
  • Figure 41 is a state of use assembled as a lizard;
  • Figure 42 is a view of the state of use assembled into a snake;
  • Figure 43 is a view showing a state of use of assembling a tractor;
  • Figure 44 is a view showing a state of use of assembling a blue-and-white porcelain bottle;
  • Figure 45 is a view showing a state of use assembled into a motorcycle;
  • Figure 46 is a view showing a state of use of assembling the robot;
  • Figure 48 is a view showing a state of use assembled
  • the fourteen-faceted volume wood of the present invention includes a plurality of unit body bodies 1.
  • the unit body 1 is usually two or more.
  • the structure, shape, and volume of the plurality of unit bodies 1 are the same.
  • the unit body 1 is a tetradecahedron having six square faces 8 and eight regular hexagon faces 9.
  • the six square faces 8 are equally divided into three groups, and the two square faces 8 of the same group are parallel.
  • the eight regular hexagonal faces 9 are equally divided into four groups, and the two regular hexagonal faces 9 of the same group are parallel.
  • Two or more unit body bodies 1 are inserted into each other or/and fixedly connected to form a group.
  • a stud head 3 is disposed on at least one of the square faces 8 of each of the unit body bodies 1, and a slot 2 is formed on the other square face 8 on the same axis as the stud heads 3.
  • the stud head 3 is collinear with the axis of the slot 2, and the axis of the stud head 3 is perpendicular to the square face 8 on which it is located.
  • the stud heads 3 of any two unit body bodies 1 are mated with the slots 2, or the stud heads 3 and the slots 2 of any two sets of unit body bodies 1 are fitted to each other.
  • a plurality of unit body bodies 1 can be connected end to end through the column head 3 and the slot 2 to form a strip member. The number of unit body bodies 1 determines the length of the strip members.
  • a plurality of strip-shaped members can be arranged in parallel in the same layer, and the different layers are vertically arranged to assemble various three-dimensional models, and adjacent members between the different layers are interlocked and locked, so that the three-dimensional model can be more stable and stable.
  • the stud head 3 and the slot 2 are firmly inserted, and the slot 2 is a square hole or a round hole, and the stud head 3 may be a cylindrical plug or a square column plug.
  • the slot 2 of the square hole is inserted into the cylindrical column head, or the slot 2 of the round hole is inserted into the column head of the square column, and the plugging effect is better, which is convenient for the plug and the connection is not too tight and the child is Not easy to disassemble.
  • the components of the same group of two or more unit body bodies 1 that are connected and fixed by a square face 8 or a regular hexagon face are a combination.
  • the slots 2 of all the unit body bodies 1 on the joint body may face the same.
  • the four unit body bodies 1 are connected to form a single row of four complexes.
  • the four unit body bodies 1 are connected to form a combination of two rows and two columns.
  • the two connected unit body bodies 1 are connected by a square face 8.
  • the orientation of the stud head 3 and the slot 2 of all the unit body 1 is the same, facilitating the plug-in assembly.
  • the adjacent four unit body bodies 1 define a positioning groove 6, and the center of the positioning groove 6 is a square hole 10.
  • the square hole 10 can provide a storage space for the stud 3 of the connected component during assembly, thereby making the assembled model more compact.
  • the combination of the stud head 3 and the square hole 10 also allows the two unit body main bodies 1 to be connected and fixed integrally. Because of its large size, it can prevent swallowing by younger children, and it is easy to assemble quickly, and the stitching idea is clearer. Therefore, it is more suitable for children aged 3-8.
  • the positioning groove 6 is a groove surrounded by a square face and four regular hexagon faces 9.
  • the positioning groove 6 can completely conform to the outer shape of the unit body body 1, as shown in FIG. 16, the first double row four complex 11 and the first
  • the two positioning grooves 6 of the two double-row four-combined body 12 can be vertically matched to form a cavity which is identical to the outer shape of the main body 1 of the unit body, thereby
  • the unit body 1 on the single row quadruplet 13 is snap-locked so that the single row quadruplet 13 does not need to be plugged with the first double row quad complex 11 and the second double row quad unit 12, and the first pair can be
  • the row four joint 11 and the second double row four joint 12 are firmly locked in one body, which can effectively improve the efficiency of disassembly.
  • the outline of the positioning groove 6 is drawn by a broken line in FIG.
  • six unit body main bodies 1 are connected to form a combination of two rows and three columns, and two connected unit body main bodies 1 are connected by a square face 8, and the stigma 3 and the slot 2 of all the unit body 1 are connected.
  • the orientations are the same; the adjacent four unit body bodies 1 define a positioning groove 6, and the center of the positioning groove 6 is a square hole 10.
  • each of the four unit body bodies 1 is connected to form a positioning groove 6, and the central portion of the positioning groove 6 is a square hole 10.
  • the square hole 10 can be fitted to any square face 8 of the unit body 1 such that the fourteen-faced volume wood extends laterally or longitudinally.
  • the three unit body main bodies 1 are locked and fitted.
  • the first group of unit body 1 and the second group unit body 1 are each a double row hexa complex composed of six unit body bodies 1, and the third group unit body 1 is a unit composed of two unit body bodies 1.
  • the two unit body bodies 1 of the first group of unit body bodies 1 cooperate with the two positioning grooves 6 of the second group of unit body bodies 1, that is, the two unit body bodies 1 designated c are engaged with the two positioning grooves 6.
  • the unit body 1 denoted by b is a member constituting the positioning groove 6.
  • the unit body body 1 labeled a in the third group unit body 1 and the unit body body 1 labeled b in the second group unit body 1 are mated through the stud and the socket, thereby making the second group unit
  • the body main body 1 and the third group unit body 1 lock the first group unit body 1.
  • the direction of the stigma 3 of the first unit body 1 is perpendicular to the direction of the stigma 3 of the unit body 1 of the second group, so that the blocks can be extended both forward and backward in the upper and lower directions, so that the model formed by the entire block is more diverse and locked.
  • the structure ensures a stronger bond between the various parts of the model, ensuring that the model is not easily scattered during movement or during play.
  • the fourth group unit body 1 is a single row of three complexes composed of three unit body bodies 1; the fourth group of unit body bodies 1 and the third group of unit body bodies 1 are respectively located on both sides of the first group of unit body bodies 1, Both of them are mated with the second group unit body 1; the third group unit body 1 and the fourth unit body 1 together with the second group unit body 1 lock the first unit body 1.
  • the unit body main body 1 is provided with a sub-column head 7, and the square surface 8 on which the sub-column head 7 is located is perpendicular to the square surface 8 on which the stud head 3 is located.
  • the unit body 1 provided with the sub-column head 7 can be used as a bent connecting member, so that the assembled model can realize relative rotation between the plurality of parts.
  • the unit body 1 provided with the sub-column head 7 can be used as an assembly robot joint to realize multi-directional rotation of the arm or the leg, thereby making the model more vivid.
  • the stud 3 is inserted into the slot 2, as shown in FIG. 2, the slot 2 is a narrowing narrow hole in the outer width.
  • the slot 2 of the solution can guide the stud 3, making the insertion more convenient and quick.
  • a groove 5 may be formed in each of the four regular hexagonal faces 9 of the unit body 1 adjacent to the stud 3 .
  • An insert block 4 can be provided on each of the four regular hexagonal faces 9 adjacent to the slot 2.
  • the four grooves 5 and the four insert blocks 4 correspond one-to-one, that is, one groove 5 on each adjacent two regular hexagon faces 9 corresponds to one insert block 4.
  • the two unit body bodies 1 can be directly spliced not only through the slot 2 and the column head 3 but also obliquely spliced by the insert block 4 and the groove 5, so that only the unit body 1 of the solution can be used. Assembled various types of hollow three-dimensional models, and the stability is better.
  • the unit body with the groove 5 and the insert block 4 as shown in FIGS. 5 to 8 can be mated with the joint body through the stud head and the socket, and can have the groove 5 and the insert block 4 as a connecting piece, so that The model can be spliced in an oblique direction, thereby further increasing the shape change of the model while ensuring the robustness of the model.
  • Two or more unit body bodies 1 may also be connected and fixed by a regular hexagonal surface 9 to form a combined body.
  • the insert 4 can also be cylindrical.
  • the groove 5 may be a circular hole.
  • two recessed surfaces 5 are formed in each of the four regular hexagonal faces 9 of the unit body main body 1 adjacent to the stud head 3.
  • Two quadrangular faces 9 adjacent to the slot 2 are respectively provided with two insert blocks 4; eight grooves 5 and eight insert blocks 4 are in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the stud head 3 is composed of a square column 18 and a frustum 19 is connected to the cylinder 20 to form.
  • the square column 18 is perpendicularly connected to the square face 8, and the square column 18 is connected to the cylinder 20 by a frustum 19 having a side length greater than the diameter of the cylinder 20, the diameter of the cylinder 20 being equal to the diameter of the stud head of the small unit body.
  • the outer periphery of the frustum 19 is provided with a small-particle double-row quadruplex 21, and the small-particle double-row quadruplex 21 is composed of four small unit bodies connected in two rows and two columns; the shape and structure of the small unit body and the unit body 1 is the same, and the size is one-half of the unit body 1.
  • the square hole 10 surrounded by the four small unit main bodies is matched with the frustum 19, so that the small-particle double-row quadruple assembly 21 can be inserted and fixed with the unit body main body 1, and the square column 18 and the cylinder 20 can be combined with the small particles.
  • the 6-fitted combination of the four-combined body 21 makes the small-particle double-row quadruple assembly 21 and the unit body main body 1 less likely to oscillate relative to each other.
  • a connecting shaft 14 is provided on one side of the unit body 1.
  • the axis of the connecting shaft 14 is perpendicular to the axis of the stud 3.
  • One side of the connecting shaft 14 is provided with a ball body 15.
  • the ball body 15 is provided with a socket 16, and the jack 16 is located on the same side as the slot 2, so that the ball body 15 and the unit body body 1 can be synchronously mated with the other unit body 1.
  • the bobbins of the connecting shaft 14 pass through the center of the sphere 15 and the unit body 1, respectively.
  • the connecting shaft 14, the ball 15 and the unit main body 1 are connected to constitute a Chad music shaft 17, that is, the Chad music shaft 17 is connected by the connecting shaft 14, the ball 15, and the unit main body 1.
  • the Crest axis 17 can also be connected by a unit body 1 and at least two balls 15, and any two adjacent balls 15 are connected by a connecting shaft 14.
  • the diameter of the sphere 15 is smaller than or equal to the inscribed circle diameter of the tetradecahedron of the unit body 1.
  • At least two spheres 15 and a unit body body 1 are arranged on the axis of the shaft, and the adjacent two spheres 15 are connected by a connecting shaft 14, and the adjacent two unit bodies 1 are Connected by corresponding square faces 8, the spheres 15 of the same Chad music shaft 17 and the center of the unit body 1 are collinear; at least two joints are mounted on the Chad shaft 17, and at least two joints are fixedly connected to each other.
  • the square hole 10 formed between the two complexes cooperates with the connecting shaft 14 between the two balls 15, and the combined body can rotate about the axis of the Chad music shaft 17, and at the same time cannot slide along the length of the axis of the shaft.
  • the Chad music shaft 17 can be used as an axle of a model such as a windmill, a ferris wheel, or a car.
  • the step of locking the third double-row quadruplet 26 to another combination is as follows: first, the positioning groove 6 of the third double-row quadrature 26 and one of the other complexes The unit body body 1 is matched; the second single row two combined body 24 and the third single row two combined body 25 are respectively connected with the third double row four-combined body 26 through the column head and the slot, and the second single row two combined body 24 and the third single row two complexes 25 are juxtaposed on both sides of the second complex, and the second single row two combined body 24, the third single row two combined body 25 and the third double row four combined body 26 will be the second joint
  • the body is stuck; finally, the first single row double complex 22 is mounted on the second single row two combined body 24 and the third single row two combined body 25, and the first single row double combined body 22 and the second single row two respectively
  • the unit body 1 and the unit body 1 on the same side of the third unit of the second unit are inserted.
  • the locking connection method can make the joints between the joints more compact, and
  • the first single row triple complex 23 and the third double row quad complex 26 are passed through the first single row double complex 22, the second single row two combined body 24, and the third single row two.
  • the joint body 25 is locked and connected, and the connecting step is as follows: firstly, the first single-row triple-combined body 23 is vertically matched with the horizontal third double-row four-combined body 26, so that a unit body at the lower end of the first single-row triple-combined body 23
  • the main body 1 is matched with the square hole 10 of the third double-row four-combined body 26; the second single-row two-combined body 24 and the third single-row two-combined body 25 are respectively shown in FIG.
  • 26 is connected through the column head and the slot, that is, the unit body bodies g and h of the second single-row two-combined body 24 are respectively mated with the unit body bodies g1 and h1 of the third double-row quadruplet 26, and the third single row two
  • the unit body bodies e and f of the unit body 25 are respectively mated with the e1 and f1 of the third double-row quadruplet 26, the second single-row two-combined body 24, the third single-row two-combined body 25 and the third double
  • the row four complex 26 catches the first single row triple complex 23, in order to ensure a firmer connection, the 22 and the second single row two combined body 24 and the third single row two combined
  • the locking plug 25 with the realization of the unit main body 22, i.e., h2 and f2, respectively, and second single-row two Commonwealth unit main body h 24, and a third row of two single consortium F unit main body 25 of the mating plug.

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Abstract

一种十四面体积木，包括数个单元体主体（1），数个单元体主体（1）的结构、形状及体积均相同。单元体主体（1）是具有六个正方形面（8）和八个正六边形面（9）的十四面体。六个正方形面（8）平均分为三组，同组的两个正方形面（8）平行。八个正六边形面（9）平均分为四组，同组的两个正六边形面（9）平行。两个以上单元体主体（1）相互插接和/或固定连接构成一组。每个单元体主体（1）上至少有一个正方形面（8）上设置有柱头（3），与柱头（3）位于同一轴线的另一个正方形面（8）上均开设插槽（2）。任意两个或两组单元体主体（1）的柱头（3）与插槽（2）相互配合。同组的两个或两个以上的单元体主体（1）连接构成的部件是联合体。

Description

十四面体积木 技术领域
本发明涉及一种拼装积木，确切地说是一种十四面体积木。
背景技术
现有的积木为了能够拼装出各种形状的模型，例如楼房、机器人等都必须制作出多种尺寸不同形状各异的单元体部件。其主要原因是：1、若仅用现有的单元体部件，则仅能堆放或拼出下宽上窄的模型，例如金字塔，因此，现有积木能拼装模型种类过少，使儿童的创造力受到局限；2、若仅用现有单元体部件，则拼装出的模型的稳定性较差，拼装后的模型稍有倾斜或晃动便会散落崩塌，趣味性不高，易给儿童带来挫败感，从而，失去拼装的兴趣。但是，多种形状的部件其加工成本较高，而且，拼装方式过于复杂繁琐，不易上手，趣味性不强。另外，各种形状不同的部件之间都有特定的插接方式，造成有些部件之间无法有效拼接。上述因素都会限制儿童的创造性思维，同时，也不利于儿童的智利发展和三维空间感的建立。
发明内容
本发明的目的，是提供一种十四面体积木，它可仅有一种颗粒状的单元体部件组成。任两个单元体部件之间均可拼装固定，而且，拼装方式简单易学，可有效激发儿童的兴趣和创造欲望。数个相同单元体部件便可拼装成各种形状的三维模型，而且，可确保无论是上大下小的模型，还是不对称的模型都更加牢固稳定，并可使儿童在拼装建模的过程中获得成就感，兴趣更加浓厚，从而，可大幅提高儿童的空间感和创造力。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：十四面体积木，包括数个单元体主体，数个单元体主体的结构、形状及体积均相同，单元体主体是具有六个正方形面和八个正六边形面的十四面体，六个正方形面平均分为三组，同组的两个正方形面平行，八个正六边形面平均分为四组，同组的两个正六边形面平行，两个以上单元体主体相互插接或/和固定连接构成一组，每个单元体主体上至少有一个正方形面上设置柱头，与柱头位于同一轴线上的另一个正方形面上均开设插槽，任意两个单元体主体的柱头与插槽相互配合，或任意两组单元体主体的柱头和插槽相互配合；同组的两个或两个以上的单元体主体连接固定构成的部件是联合体。
为进一步实现本发明的目的，还可以采用以下技术方案实现：四个以上单元体主体连接为一组，其中每四个单元体主体相互连接的中心部位围成一个定位槽，定位槽的中部为一个方形孔，方形孔能与单元体主体的任一正方形面配合，使十四面体积木向横向或纵向延伸。一组单元体主体与一个或一组单元体主体通过第三组或第三个单元体主体锁定配合：第一组或第一个单元体主体与第二组单元体主体的定位槽配合，第一组单元体主体的柱头方向与第二组单元体主体的柱头方向垂直或平行，第三组或第三个单元体主体与第二组单元体主体通过柱头和插槽插接配合，使第二组单元体主体和第三组或第三个单元体主体分别与第一组或第一个单元体主体配合，将第一组或第一个单元体主体锁定。第四组或第四个单元体主体通过柱头和插槽插接配合，第四组或第四个单元体主体与第三组或第三个单元体主体分别位于第一组单元体主体两侧，第三组或第三个单元体主体、第四组或第四个单元体主体和第二组单元体主体共同与第一组或第一个单元体主体配合，将第一组或第一个单元体主体锁定。第一组单元体主体和第二组单元体主体均是由六个单元体主体构成的双排六联合体，第三组单元体主体是由两个单元体主体构成的单排二联合体，第一组单元体主体中的两个单元体主体与第二组单元体主体的两个定位槽配合，第三组单元体主体与第二组单元体主体插接配合，第二组单元体主体和第三组单元体主体将第一组单元体主体锁定，第一组单元体主体的柱头方向与第二组单元体主体的柱头方向垂直。所述单元体主体的同组的正方形面之间的距离为H1，H1＝8mm，16mm、24mm或32mm。所述单元体主体上设有副柱头，副柱头所在的正方形面与柱头所在的正方形面垂直。所述插槽是外宽内窄的渐缩孔。所述柱头由方柱、锥台和圆柱连接构成，方柱与正方形面垂直连接，方柱通过锥台与圆柱连接，方柱的边长大于圆柱的直径；锥台的外周安装小颗粒双排四联合体，小颗粒双排四联合体是由四个小单元体主体呈两排两列连接构成；小单元体主体的形状结构与单元体主体相同，尺寸是单元体主体的二分之一；四个小单元体主体围成的方形孔与锥台配合，圆柱的直径等于小单元体主体的柱头直径。所述单元体主体的一侧设置连接轴，连接轴的轴线与柱头的轴线垂直，连接轴的一侧设置球体，球体上设有插孔，插孔与插槽位于同一侧，连接轴的线轴分别经过球体和单元体主体的中心，连接轴、球体和单元体主体连接构成咔得乐轴，球体的直径小于等于单元体主体的内切圆直径。所述咔得乐轴上至少有两个球体和单元体主体，相邻的两个球体之间由连接轴连 接，相邻的两单元体主体之间通过对应的正方形面连接，同一咔得乐轴的球体和单元体主体的中心共线；咔得乐轴上安装至少两个联合体，至少两个联合体连接固定成组合体，两联合体之间构成的方形孔与两个球体之间的连接轴配合，组合体能以咔得乐轴为轴转动，同时又不能沿咔得乐轴长度方向滑动。第三双排四联合体与另一联合体的锁定连接的步骤如下：先将第三双排四联合体的定位槽与另一联合体上的一个单元体主体配合；再将第二单排两联合体和第三单排两联合体分别与第三双排四联合体通过柱头和插槽配合连接，第二单排两联合体和第三单排两联合体并排于第二联合体两侧，第二单排两联合体、第三单排两联合体和第三双排四联合体将第二个联合体卡住；最后，在第二单排两联合体和第三单排两联合体上安装第一单排双联合体，第一单排双联合体分别与第二单排两联合体和第三单排两联合体同侧的单元体主体插接。
本发明的积极效果在于：它可仅由单一的单元体部件拼装成各种形状的模型。并且，各单元体部件之间既可插接固定，又可交错拼接，相互咬合锁定，从而，可使不对称模型、上大下小的模型更加牢固，不易散落。它可使模型同时向相互垂直的两个方向延伸，使整个积木构成的模型更加多样化，并且，锁定结构可确保模型各部件间更加牢固，保证模型在移动或把玩过程中不易散落。它的单元体上可加设副柱头。副柱头可增加单元体部件的连接方向，使拼装方式更加多样，拼装出的模型的形状更富于变化，且更加牢固。单元体主体上还可设有凹槽和插块，可使单元体主体之间倾向拼接，并拼装出镂空的三维模型，兴味性更强。它的设计更加人性化，根据三岁以下的儿童设计了联合体部件，可使儿童更早的开发自身的空间感和创造力。本发明还具有结构简单紧凑、制造成本低廉和插接方便的优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明所述十四面体积木的第一种方案的结构示意图；图2是图1的仰视图；图3是图1的俯视图；图4是图1的立体图；图5是本发明所述十四面体积木的第二种方案的结构示意图；图6是图5的俯视图；图7是图5的仰视图；图8是图5的立体图；图9是本发明所述十四面体积木的第二种方案的结构示意图；图10是图9的仰视图；图11是图9的俯视图；图12是图9的立体图；图13是单排四联合体结构示意图；图14是由四个单元体连接构成的两排两列的双排四联合体的结构示意图；图15是由六个单元体连接构成的两排三列的双排六联合体的结构 示意图；图16是两个双排四联合体与一个单排四联合体的拼装炸开图，图中为看清定位槽的形状，将定位槽由虚线绘出；图17是一个双排四联合体与一个单排三联合体的拼装；图中两个联合体的主插头方向相反，主插头与方孔连接配合；图18是图17的立体图；图19是图18的炸开图；图20是两个双排六联合体、一个单排三联合体和一个单排两联合体拼接构成的模型；图21是图20的立体图；图22是图21的炸开图；图23是图21另一角度的炸开图；图24是所述咔得乐轴17的结构示意图；图25是图24的仰视结构示意图；图26是图24的立体结构示意图；图27所述咔得乐轴17与两个单排七联合体配合的结构示意图，两个单排七联合体配合的结构示意图通过柱头和插槽插接为组合体，两个单排七联合体之间构成的方形孔与咔得乐轴17的连接轴14配合；图28是图27的立体结构示意图；图29是图27另一角度的立体结构示意图；图30是另一种单元体主体结构示意图，图中的柱头由方柱18、锥台19和圆柱20连接构成；图31是图30所示的单元体主体与小颗粒双排四联合体21配合结构示意图；图32是图31的炸开图；图33是锁定连接方法的示意图；图34是图33的炸开图；图35是两个单排七联合体通过中部的插槽和柱头插接配合后构成的定位轴机构；图36是图35的立体结构示意图；图37是图35另一角度的立体结构示意图；图38是拼装成坦克的使用状态图；图39是拼装成房子的使用状态图；图40是拼装成鹰的使用状态图；图41是拼装成蜥蜴的使用状态图；图42是拼装成蛇的使用状态图；图43是拼装成拖拉机的使用状态图；图44是拼装成青花瓷瓶的使用状态图；图45是拼装成摩托车的使用状态图；图46是拼装成机器人的使用状态图；图47是拼装成海盗船的使用状态图；图48是拼装成自行车的使用状态图；图49是拼装成直升飞机的使用状态图；图50是拼装成风车的使用状态图；图51是拼装成摩天轮的使用状态图；图52是拼装成手枪的使用状态图。
附图标记：1单元体主体 2插槽 3柱头 4插块 5凹槽 6定位槽 7副柱头 8正方形面 9正六边形面 10方形孔 11第一双排四联合体 12第二双排四联合体 13单排四联合体 14连接轴 15球体 16插孔 17咔得乐轴 18方柱19锥台 20圆柱 21小颗粒双排四联合体 22第一单排双联合体 23第一单排三联合体 24第二单排两联合体 25第三单排两联合体 26第三双排四联合体。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明所述的十四面体积木包括数个单元体主体1。单元体主体1通常为两个或两个以上。数个单元体主体1的结构、形状及体积均相同。单元体主体1是具有六个正方形面8和八个正六边形面9的十四面体。六个正方形面8平均分为三组，同组的两个正方形面8平行。八个正六边形面9平均分为四组，同组的两个正六边形面9平行。两个以上单元体主体1相互插接或/和固定连接构成一组。每个单元体主体1上至少有一个正方形面8上设置柱头3，与柱头3位于同一轴线上的另一个正方形面8上均开设插槽2。柱头3与插槽2的轴线共线，并且，柱头3的轴线与其所在的正方形面8垂直。任意两个单元体主体1的柱头3与插槽2相互配合，或任意两组单元体主体1的柱头3和插槽2相互配合。数个单元体主体1可通过柱头3和插槽2依次首尾连接构成条形部件。单元体主体1数量决定条形部件的长短。数条条形部件可按同层平行排列，异层垂直排列的方式拼装成各类三维模型，而且，异层之间的相邻部件相互咬合锁定，可使三维模型更加牢固稳定。为便于儿童将拆装，同时，又确保柱头3和插槽2插接牢固，插槽2为方形孔或圆孔，柱头3可为圆柱状插头，也可以为方柱状插头。方形孔的插槽2与圆柱状的柱头插接，或圆孔的插槽2与方柱状的柱头插接，插接效果更好，既便于插接牢固，又不会连接过紧而使儿童不易拆卸。同组的两个或两个以上的单元体主体1通过正方形面8或正六边形面连接固定构成的部件是联合体。联合体上的所有单元体主体1的插槽2可以朝向相同。
如图13所示，为四个单元体主体1连接构成的单排四联合体。如图14所示，四个所述单元体主体1连接构成两排两列的联合体。相连的两个单元体主体1通过正方形面8连接。所有单元体主体1的柱头3和插槽2的朝向相同，便于插接拼装。如图14和图15所示，相邻的四个单元体主体1之间围成一个定位槽6，定位槽6的中心是一个方形孔10。方形孔10可在拼装时，为相连部件的柱头3提供存放空间，从而，使拼装成的模型更加紧凑。柱头3和方形孔10配合也可使两组单元体主体1连接固定于一体。由于联合体的体积大、可防止被年龄较小的儿童吞咽，而且，其便于快速拼装，拼接思路更清晰，因此，更适合3-8岁的儿童使用。
定位槽6为由一个正方形面和四个正六边形面9围成的槽，定位槽6可与单元体主体1外形完全吻合，如图16所示，第一双排四联合体11和第二双排四联合体12的两个定位槽6可上下配合构成与单元体主体1外形完全相同的腔，从而，可将 单排四联合体13上的单元体主体1咬合锁定，使单排四联合体13无须与第一双排四联合体11和第二双排四联合体12插接，便可与第一双排四联合体11和第二双排四联合体12牢固锁定于一体，可有效提高拆卸的效率。为方便看清定位槽6的立体形状，图16中用虚线画出定位槽6轮廓。如图15所示，六个所述单元体主体1连接构成两排三列的联合体，相连的两个单元体主体1通过正方形面8连接，所有单元体主体1的柱头3和插槽2的朝向相同；相邻的四个单元体主体1之间围成一个定位槽6，定位槽6的中心是一个方形孔10。
四个以上单元体主体1连接为一组。其中每四个单元体主体1相互连接的中心部位围成一个定位槽6，定位槽6的中部为一个方形孔10。方形孔10能与单元体主体1的任一正方形面8配合，使十四面体积木向横向或纵向延伸。
如图20至23所示，三组单元体主体1锁定配合。第一组单元体主体1和第二组单元体主体1均是由六个单元体主体1构成的双排六联合体，第三组单元体主体1是由两个单元体主体1构成的单排二联合体。第一组单元体主体1中的两个单元体主体1与第二组单元体主体1的两个定位槽6配合，即标号为c的两个单元体主体1与两个定位槽6配合。标号为b的单元体主体1为构成上述定位槽6的部件。第三组单元体主体1中的标号为a的单元体主体1与第二组单元体主体1中标号为b的单元体主体1通过柱头和插槽插接配合，从而，使第二组单元体主体1和第三组单元体主体1将第一组单元体主体1锁定。第一组单元体主体1的柱头3方向与第二组单元体主体1的柱头3方向垂直，可使积木同时向前后上下四个方向延伸，使整个积木构成的模型更加多样化，并且，锁定结构可确保模型各部件间更加牢固，保证模型在移动或把玩过程中不易散落。
为使各组单元体主体1之间锁定更加紧密，可增加第四组单元体主体1。第四组单元体主体1是由三个单元体主体1构成的单排三联合体；第四组单元体主体1与第三组单元体主体1分别位于第一组单元体主体1两侧，并均与第二组单元体主体1插接配合；第三组单元体主体1和第四组单元体主体1共同与第二组单元体主体1将第一组单元体主体1锁定。
为使拼装的样式更加多样化，拼出的模型更加细腻，所述单元体主体1的同组的正方形面8之间的距离为H1，H1＝8mm，16mm、24mm或32mm。三种尺寸的单元体主体1可配合使用。
为确保柱头3与插槽2插接牢固，同时，又便于儿童拆卸，所述柱头3的高度为H2，H2＝2mm－10mm。
如图1和图13所示，所述单元体主体1上设有副柱头7，副柱头7所在的正方形面8与柱头3所在的正方形面8垂直。设有副柱头7的单元体主体1可作为弯向连接件，能使拼装出的模型实现多部件间的相对转动。例如，设有副柱头7的单元体主体1可作为拼装机器人关节，以实现手臂或腿部的多向转动，从而，使模型更形象逼真。
为进一步使插槽2与柱头3配合牢固，同时，又为了方便儿童将柱头3插入插槽2内，如图2所示，所述插槽2是外宽内窄的渐缩孔。该方案的插槽2可对柱头3起引导作用，使插装更加方便快捷。
如图5至图8所示，所述单元体主体1的靠近柱头3的四个正六边形面9上可各开设一个凹槽5。靠近插槽2的四个正六边形面9上可各设有一个插块4。四个凹槽5和四个插块4一一对应，即每相邻两个正六边形面9上的一个凹槽5和一个插块4对应。两个单元体主体1之间不仅可通过插槽2和柱头3直向拼接，还可通过插块4和凹槽5进行斜向拼接，因此，仅用该方案的单元体主体1，便可拼装出各类镂空的三维模型，并且，稳定性更好。如图5至图8所示的带有凹槽5和插块4的单元体可与联合体通过柱头和插槽插接配合，并可以带有凹槽5和插块4为连接件，使模型能够向倾斜方向拼接，从而，进一步增加了模型的形状变化，同时确保模型的牢固性。两个或两个以上的单元体主体1也可通过正六边形面9连接固定构成的联合体。插块4也可为圆柱形。凹槽5可以是圆孔。
为进一步增强两单元体主体1之间斜向的牢固性，如图9至12所示，所述单元体主体1的靠近柱头3的四个正六边形面9上各开设两个凹槽5，靠近插槽2的四个正六边形面9上各设有两个插块4；八个凹槽5和八个插块4一一对应。
为实现不同尺寸的单元体主体之间配合连接，增加更多的拼装方法，以便拼接出更多种类、更加形象的模形，如图30所示，所述柱头3由方柱18、锥台19和圆柱20连接构成。方柱18与正方形面8垂直连接，方柱18通过锥台19与圆柱20连接，方柱18的边长大于圆柱20的直径，圆柱20的直径等于小单元体主体的柱头直径，。锥台19的外周安装小颗粒双排四联合体21，小颗粒双排四联合体21是由四个小单元体主体呈两排两列连接构成；小单元体主体的形状结构与单元体主体 1相同，尺寸是单元体主体1的二分之一。四个小单元体主体围成的方形孔10与锥台19配合，可使小颗粒双排四联合体21与单元体主体1插接固定，同时，方柱18和圆柱20可与小颗粒双排四联合体21的6配合，使小颗粒双排四联合体21与单元体主体1不易发生相对摆动。
如图24所示，所述单元体主体1的一侧设置连接轴14。连接轴14的轴线与柱头3的轴线垂直。连接轴14的一侧设置球体15，球体15上设有插孔16，插孔16与插槽2位于同一侧，以便球体15与单元体主体1能与其他单元体主体1同步插接配合。连接轴14的线轴分别经过球体15和单元体主体1的中心。连接轴14、球体15和单元体主体1连接构成咔得乐轴17，即咔得乐轴17由连接轴14、球体15和单元体主体1连接构成。咔得乐轴17也可由一个单元体主体1和至少两个球体15连接构成，任两个相邻的球体15之间通过连接轴14连接。球体15的直径小于等于单元体主体1的十四面体的内切圆直径。
如图27所示，所述咔得乐轴17上至少有两个球体15和单元体主体1，相邻的两个球体15之间由连接轴14连接，相邻的两单元体主体1之间通过对应的正方形面8连接，同一咔得乐轴17的球体15和单元体主体1的中心共线；咔得乐轴17上安装至少两个联合体，至少两个联合体连接固定成组合体，两联合体之间构成的方形孔10与两个球体15之间的连接轴14配合，组合体能以咔得乐轴17为轴转动，同时又不能沿咔得乐轴17长度方向滑动。咔得乐轴17可当作风车、摩天轮、汽车等模型的轮轴。
如图33和34所示，第三双排四联合体26与另一联合体的锁定连接的步骤如下：先将第三双排四联合体26的定位槽6与另一联合体上的一个单元体主体1配合；再将第二单排两联合体24和第三单排两联合体25分别与第三双排四联合体26通过柱头和插槽配合连接，第二单排两联合体24和第三单排两联合体25并排于第二联合体两侧，第二单排两联合体24、第三单排两联合体25和第三双排四联合体26将第二个联合体卡住；最后，在第二单排两联合体24和第三单排两联合体25上安装第一单排双联合体22，第一单排双联合体22分别与第二单排两联合体24和第三单排两联合体25同侧的单元体主体1插接。锁定连接方法，可使各联合体之间连接更加紧密，同时，又可使联合体的柱头方向垂直，以便实现模型向横向和竖向两个方向延伸。
如图33和34所示，第一单排三联合体23和第三双排四联合体26是通过第一单排双联合体22、第二单排两联合体24和第三单排两联合体25锁定连接，连接步骤如下：先将第一单排三联合体23竖向与水平状的第三双排四联合体26配合，使第一单排三联合体23下端的一个单元体主体1与第三双排四联合体26的方形孔10配合；再将第二单排两联合体24与第三单排两联合体25如图34所示分别与第三双排四联合体26通过柱头和插槽连接，即第二单排两联合体24的单元体主体g和h分别与第三双排四联合体26的单元体主体g1和h1插接配合，第三单排两联合体25的单元体主体e和f，分别与第三双排四联合体26的e1和f1插接配合，第二单排两联合体24、第三单排两联合体25和第三双排四联合体26将第一单排三联合体23卡住，为确保连接更加牢固，利用22与第二单排两联合体24和第三单排两联合体25插接配合实现锁定，即22的单元体主体h2和f2分别与第二单排两联合体24的单元体主体h和第三单排两联合体25的单元体主体f插接配合。
本发明所述的技术方案并不限制于本发明所述的实施例的范围内。本发明未详尽描述的技术内容均为公知技术。

Claims (12)

  1. 十四面体积木，其特征在于：包括数个单元体主体(1)，数个单元体主体(1)的结构、形状及体积均相同，单元体主体(1)是具有六个正方形面(8)和八个正六边形面(9)的十四面体，六个正方形面(8)平均分为三组，同组的两个正方形面(8)平行，八个正六边形面(9)平均分为四组，同组的两个正六边形面(9)平行，两个以上单元体主体(1)相互插接或/和固定连接构成一组，每个单元体主体(1)上至少有一个正方形面(8)上设置柱头(3)，与柱头(3)位于同一轴线上的另一个正方形面(8)上均开设插槽(2)，任意两个单元体主体(1)的柱头(3)与插槽(2)相互配合，或任意两组单元体主体(1)的柱头(3)和插槽(2)相互配合；同组的两个或两个以上的单元体主体(1)连接固定构成的部件是联合体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的十四面体积木，其特征在于：四个以上单元体主体(1)连接为一组，其中每四个单元体主体(1)相互连接的中心部位围成一个定位槽(6)，定位槽(6)的中部为一个方形孔(10)，方形孔(10)能与单元体主体(1)的任一正方形面(8)配合，使十四面体积木向横向或纵向延伸。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的十四面体积木，其特征在于：一组单元体主体(1)与一个或一组单元体主体(1)通过第三组或第三个单元体主体(1)锁定配合：第一组或第一个单元体主体(1)与第二组单元体主体(1)的定位槽(6)配合，第一组单元体主体(1)的柱头(3)方向与第二组单元体主体(1)的柱头(3)方向垂直或平行，第三组或第三个单元体主体(1)与第二组单元体主体(1)通过柱头(3)和插槽(2)插接配合，使第二组单元体主体(1)和第三组或第三个单元体主体(1)分别与第一组或第一个单元体主体(1)配合，将第一组或第一个单元体主体(1)锁定。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的十四面体积木，其特征在于：第四组或第四个单元体主体(1)通过柱头(3)和插槽(2)插接配合，第四组或第四个单元体主体(1)与第三组或第三个单元体主体(1)分别位于第一组单元体主体(1)两侧，第三组或第三个单元体主体(1)、第四组或第四个单元体主体(1)和第二组单元体主体(1)共同与第一组或第一个单元体主体(1)配合，将第一组或第一个单元体主体(1)锁定。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的十四面体积木，其特征在于：第一组单元体主体(1) 和第二组单元体主体(1)均是由六个单元体主体(1)构成的双排六联合体，第三组单元体主体(1)是由两个单元体主体(1)构成的单排二联合体，第一组单元体主体(1)中的两个单元体主体(1)与第二组单元体主体(1)的两个定位槽(6)配合，第三组单元体主体(1)与第二组单元体主体(1)插接配合，第二组单元体主体(1)和第三组单元体主体(1)将第一组单元体主体(1)锁定，第一组单元体主体(1)的柱头(3)方向与第二组单元体主体(1)的柱头(3)方向垂直。
  6. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的十四面体积木，其特征在于：所述单元体主体(1)的同组的正方形面(8)之间的距离为H1，H1＝8mm，16mm、24mm或32mm。
  7. 据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的十四面体积木，其特征在于：所述单元体主体(1)上设有副柱头(7)，副柱头(7)所在的正方形面(8)与柱头(3)所在的正方形面(8)垂直。
  8. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的十四面体积木，其特征在于：所述插槽(2)是外宽内窄的渐缩孔。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的十四面体积木，其特征在于：所述柱头(3)由方柱(18)、锥台(19)和圆柱(20)连接构成，方柱(18)与正方形面(8)垂直连接，方柱(18)通过锥台(19)与圆柱(20)连接，方柱(18)的边长大于圆柱(20)的直径；锥台(19)的外周安装小颗粒双排四联合体(21)，小颗粒双排四联合体(21)是由四个小单元体主体呈两排两列连接构成；小单元体主体的形状结构与单元体主体(1)相同，尺寸是单元体主体(1)的二分之一；四个小单元体主体围成的方形孔(10)与锥台(19)配合，圆柱(20)的直径等于小单元体主体的柱头直径。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的十四面体积木，其特征在于：所述单元体主体(1)的一侧设置连接轴(14)，连接轴(14)的轴线与柱头(3)的轴线垂直，连接轴(14)的一侧设置球体(15)，球体(15)上设有插孔(16)，插孔(16)与插槽(2)位于同一侧，连接轴(14)的线轴分别经过球体(15)和单元体主体(1)的中心，连接轴(14)、球体(15)和单元体主体(1)连接构成咔得乐轴(17)，球体(15)的直径小于等于单元体主体(1)的内切圆直径。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的十四面体积木，其特征在于：所述咔得乐轴(17) 上至少有两个球体(15)和单元体主体(1)，相邻的两个球体(15)之间由连接轴(14)连接，相邻的两单元体主体(1)之间通过对应的正方形面(8)连接，同一咔得乐轴(17)的球体(15)和单元体主体(1)的中心共线；咔得乐轴(17)上安装至少两个联合体，至少两个联合体连接固定成组合体，两联合体之间构成的方形孔(10)与两个球体(15)之间的连接轴(14)配合，组合体能以咔得乐轴(17)为轴转动，同时又不能沿咔得乐轴(17)长度方向滑动。
  12. 权利要求1所述的十四面体积木的锁定连接方法，其特征在于：第三双排四联合体(26)与另一联合体的锁定连接的步骤如下：先将第三双排四联合体(26)的定位槽(6)与另一联合体上的一个单元体主体(1)配合；再将第二单排两联合体(24)和第三单排两联合体(25)分别与第三双排四联合体(26)通过柱头和插槽配合连接，第二单排两联合体(24)和第三单排两联合体(25)并排于第二联合体两侧，第二单排两联合体(24)、第三单排两联合体(25)和第三双排四联合体(26)将第二个联合体卡住；最后，在第二单排两联合体(24)和第三单排两联合体(25)上安装第一单排双联合体(22)，第一单排双联合体(22)分别与第二单排两联合体(24)和第三单排两联合体(25)同侧的单元体主体(1)插接。
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