WO2015042608A1 - Procédé et appareil pour isoler et commuter desimpulsions basse tension en impulsions haute tension dans des forets d'électro-broyage et électrohydrauliques - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour isoler et commuter desimpulsions basse tension en impulsions haute tension dans des forets d'électro-broyage et électrohydrauliques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015042608A1
WO2015042608A1 PCT/US2014/057060 US2014057060W WO2015042608A1 WO 2015042608 A1 WO2015042608 A1 WO 2015042608A1 US 2014057060 W US2014057060 W US 2014057060W WO 2015042608 A1 WO2015042608 A1 WO 2015042608A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transformer
high voltage
current
lower voltage
electrocrushing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2014/057060
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William M. Moeny
Josh GILBRECH
Richard Adler
Original Assignee
Sdg Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sdg Llc filed Critical Sdg Llc
Priority to CA2962002A priority Critical patent/CA2962002C/fr
Priority to BR112016006434-8A priority patent/BR112016006434B1/pt
Publication of WO2015042608A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015042608A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
    • E21B7/15—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling of electrically generated heat
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/04—Electric drives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/08—High-leakage transformers or inductances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/38—Impedance-matching networks

Definitions

  • the field of the present invention is the supply of high voltage pulses to a drill bit in an electrocrushing or electrohydraulic drill.
  • the present invention is a method of providing a high voltage pulse to an electrocrushing or electrohydraulic drill bit, the method comprising providing a transformer comprising a core comprising a saturating high relative permeability magnetic material, the transformer delivering a high voltage pulse to an electrocrushing or electrohydraulic drill bit to initiate arc formation in a substrate being drilled, isolating lower voltage electrical components from the high voltage pulse, saturating the transformer core, thereby lowering its relative permeability, and the lower voltage components delivering a lower voltage current through the transformer and to the electrocrushing or electrohydraulic drill bit for maintaining the arc in the substrate.
  • the method preferably further comprises substantially matching an impedance of the arc both during and after arc formation.
  • a pulse width of the high voltage pulse is preferably shorter than a saturation time of the transformer core.
  • the method preferably further comprises actively resetting the transformer by bringing the magnetic material out of saturation.
  • the magnetic material preferably comprises Metglas, Supermendur, or a ferrite.
  • the lower voltage components preferably comprise at least one switch and at least one capacitor and preferably comprise sufficient capacitance to absorb current that leaks through the transformer while the high voltage pulse is being delivered.
  • the method oprionaliy further comprises flowing a second current to a capacitor while the transformer delivers the high voltage pulse, integrating the second current over a desired time until a threshold charge level is reached, thereby initiating the saturating step, inverting the polarity of the capacitor, and initiating delivery of the lower voltage current.
  • a saturation time of the transformer core is preferably the time delay between initiation of delivering the high voltage pulse and initiation of delivering the lower voltage current.
  • the capacitor is preferably electrically connected in parallel to the transformer.
  • the present invention is also an apparatus for switching power for use in electrocrushing or electrohydraulic drilling, the apparatus comprising a transformer comprising a core, the core comprising a saturating high relative permeability magnetic material, a first circuit electrically connected to the transformer, the first circuit for delivering high voltage pulses to an electrocrushing or electrohydraulic drill bit, and a second circuit electrically connected to the transformer, the second circuit for delivering a lower voltage current to the drill bit.
  • the apparatus preferably further comprises a reset circuit for resetting the transform by bringing the magnetic materia! out of saturation.
  • the magnetic material preferably comprises Metglas, Supermendur, or ferrites.
  • the second circuit preferably comprises at least one switch and and least one capacitor and preferably comprises sufficient capacitance to absorb current that leaks through the transformer while the high voltage pulse is being delivered.
  • the apparatus preferably further comprises a capacitor for triggering the second circuit.
  • the capacitor is preferably electrically connected in parallel to the transformer.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of solenoid-configuration tinear inductor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2A is a diagram of a linear magnetic switch in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2B is a diagram of a toroidal magnetic switch in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an example e!ectrocrushing saturating transformer circuit diagram in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a picture of a high voltage pulse transformer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an embodiment of a schematic of a magnetic switch trigger for an electro-crushing drill switch.
  • Electro crushing is defined herein as the process of passing a pulsed electrical current through a mineral substrate so that the substrate is “crushed” or “broken".
  • One of the characteristics of the electro- crushing drilling process is very large disparity between the impedance of the bit before the arc is formed compared to the bit impedance after arc formation.
  • the impedance of the arc during formation can be between approximately 150 and 500 ohms or even greater.
  • the impedance of the arc after arc formation can be less than 10 ohms, and even lower with an electro-hydraulic system. If a single pulsed power system is used for the electro-crushing or electro-hydraulic system, then it will be significantly mismatched either during the arc formation stage or during the arc power loading stage.
  • a spiker sustainer circuit (as disclosed in, for example, commonly owned U.S. Patent No. 8,186,454, entitled “Apparatus and Method for Electrocrushing Rock") was adapted to the electro-crushing technology as a very important invention to resolve this issue.
  • the spiker sustainer technology two separate circuits are used to manage power flow into the arc.
  • the spiker circuit provides the high impedance high voltage pulse necessary to initiate arc formation inside the rock.
  • the term "high voltage” means greater than approximately 30 kV.
  • the sustainer circuit then provides a tow impedance high current pulse necessary to break the rock.
  • dl/dt the rate of change of current through the magnetic switch with time.
  • n number of turns per meter
  • A cross section area of the coil in square meters.
  • the magnetic material goes from a high relative permeability (defined as approximately 2000-10,000) to nearly approximately 1.0 (i.e. saturation), thus significantly reducing the inductance of the magnetic switch and facilitating separation of the high voltage input lead from the output lead.
  • the time for the magnetic switch to saturate is preferably longer than the pulse width of the high voltage pulse, thus isolating the lower voltage components from the high voltage pulse.
  • the current required to saturate the switch preferably does not flow until the arc connection through the rock has been made, except for some small current flow from stray capacitance plus leakage current from when L is high.
  • the saturating magnetic switch is incorporated into the transformer that provides the high voltage pulse.
  • the transformer preferably comprises a saturating magnetic material such that after the transformer has delivered the high voltage pulse, the transformer core saturates, enabling lower voltage components to feed current into the arc.
  • the high permeability of the core prior to saturation provides the inductive isolation of the high voltage pulse from the lower voltage components.
  • An alternate embodiment is the toroidal configuration as shown in FIG. 2B, comprising a wire wrapped around a toroid comprising a high permeability saturable magnetic material.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example circuit comprising transformer windings around the core K1 to provide the high voltage pulse and output windings to provide inductive isolation for the lower voltage
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a typical high voltage pulse transformer, showing the black primary (lower voltage) windings and the secondary (high voltage) windings tapered for high voltage insulation and isolation.
  • the core preferably comprises magnetic materials that have the desired saturation properties.
  • a saturating transformer in accordance with the present invention enables the use of a high impedance high voltage spiker circuit to initially create conduction in the rock in conjunction with a lower voltage high current sustainer source to provide power into the arc to break the rock.
  • the saturating transformer preferably provides both functions.
  • the core of magnetic material preferably comprises the capability of moving from high permeability to low permeability with the correct application of the voltage-time product in order for the transformer to possess the desired saturation properties.
  • Magnetic materials suitable for the saturating transformer switch include ferrites, Metglas, Supermendur, and other similar magnetic materials with magnetic characteristics that facilitate saturation with the application of the correct voltage-time product.
  • Embodiments of the transformer magnetic switch of the present invention combine the functions of a pulse transformer and a high-voltage high current switch or diode that isolates the lower voltage components from the high voltage pulse.
  • the transformer magnetic switch replaces the high voltage solid state diode or switch or gas switches that would be used to isolate the lower voltage components from the high voltage pulse and control the flow of current from the sustainer capacitor bank into the arc after arc formation.
  • the switches require isolation from the high voltage pulse, said Isolation is provided by the inductance of the secondary windings of the magnetic transformer switch. This is advantageous in the e!ectro-crushing drill pulsed power circuit because such a switch is highly immune to damage from a fault in the circuit.
  • rock is very non-uniform, and the pulses delivered by the pulsed power system vary greatly from shot to shot during the drilling process. Occasionally a shot will produce very unusual current or voltage waveforms. If solid-state diodes were used for voltage isolation, they might be damaged by the unusual shot.
  • a magnetic switch which functions as a diode is very immune to damage from unusual events, in addition, the magnetic "diode" can be quite compact compared to high voltage solid-state diodes and their protection circuits.
  • One of the difficulties with the spiker-sustainer circuit is electrical noise generated in the circuit from the spiker pulse. This electrical noise is often sufficient to trigger the sustainer switch, thus preventing proper control of the sustainer switch timing by the control system. In addition, the electrical noise is sometimes sufficient to damage the solid state trigger switches often used. Thus it is desirable to provide a noise immune trigger for turning on the sustainer switch in such a spiker-sustainer circuit without upsetting timing from electrical noise and without damage from electrical noise.
  • An embodiment of such a trigger of the present invention is preferably configured for use with a saturating inductor, also known as a magnetic switch, as the switching element to trigger the sustainer switch.
  • the saturating inductor (magnetic switch) is connected to the spiker output and conducts a small amount of current from the spiker output pulse through the magnetic switch to a ballast capacitor during the spiker pulse. This current flow, integrated over the desired time delay for sustainer ignition, will cause the magnetic switch to saturate creating a trigger pulse to turn on the sustainer switch.
  • the time for the magnetic switch to saturate is preferably designed to be the correct time delay between onset of the high voltage pulse and turning on the sustainer switch .
  • a reset circuit is often used to bring the magnetic switch out of saturation and prepare it for the next pulse.
  • a magnetic switch in accordance with the present invention provides a trigger pulse to turn on the sustainer switch without susceptibility to electrical noise, either in timing upset or damage to components.
  • the timing of the sustainer trigger pulse is preferably determined by passive components, and is not subject to upset from electrical noise. Once the timing of the sustainer trigger pulse has been set by the design of the magnetic switch, it will always be the same for a given spiker output voltage pulse profile.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic of an embodiment of a magnetic switch trigger for an electro-crushing drill switch.
  • Negative voltage signal 2 preferably the spiker output voltage of the pulse sent to the rock during the drilling process, is preferably reduced in magnitude through resistor array 6 and charges capacitor 3 through diode 4 in parallel with magnetic switch 1.
  • magnetic switch 1 When magnetic switch 1 saturates, it inverts the polarity of capacitor 3 to provide the required positive polarity to trigger ⁇ i.e. turn on) switch 5 through diode 7.
  • Capacitor 8 is preferably used to manage the pulse shape going to switch 5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Magnetic Treatment Devices (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil pour isoler et commuter des impulsions basse tension en impulsions haute tension dans des forets d'électro-broyage et électrohydrauliques. Un transformateur pourvu d'un noyau de haute perméabilité agit comme commutateur magnétique ou inductance de saturation pour commuter des impulsions haute tension afin de déclencher un arc d'électro-broyage et des impulsions basse tension afin de maintenir l'arc. Le transformateur isole les composants basse tension des composants haute tension et change de position afin de délivrer le courant basse tension lorsque le noyau sature. Le transformateur permet l'adaptation d'impédance à l'arc au cours de toutes les étapes de forage. Le temps de saturation du noyau du transformateur est le retard temporel entre le déclenchement de la distribution de l'impulsion haute tension et le déclenchement de la distribution du courant basse tension.
PCT/US2014/057060 2013-09-23 2014-09-23 Procédé et appareil pour isoler et commuter desimpulsions basse tension en impulsions haute tension dans des forets d'électro-broyage et électrohydrauliques WO2015042608A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2962002A CA2962002C (fr) 2013-09-23 2014-09-23 Procede et appareil pour isoler et commuter desimpulsions-basse tension en impulsions haute tension dans des forets d'electro-broyage et electrohydrauliques
BR112016006434-8A BR112016006434B1 (pt) 2013-09-23 2014-09-23 Método para fornecer um pulso de alta tensão a uma broca de perfuração eletrotrituradora ou eletrohidráulica, e, equipamento para chavear potência para uso em perfuração eletrotrituradora ou eletro-hidráulica

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201361881127P 2013-09-23 2013-09-23
US61/881,127 2013-09-23
US201361900695P 2013-11-06 2013-11-06
US61/900,695 2013-11-06
US201361904268P 2013-11-14 2013-11-14
US61/904,268 2013-11-14

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WO2015042608A1 true WO2015042608A1 (fr) 2015-03-26

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US (1) US10113364B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR112016006434B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2962002C (fr)
WO (1) WO2015042608A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US9700893B2 (en) 2004-08-20 2017-07-11 Sdg, Llc Virtual electrode mineral particle disintegrator
US10060195B2 (en) 2006-06-29 2018-08-28 Sdg Llc Repetitive pulsed electric discharge apparatuses and methods of use
US10113364B2 (en) 2013-09-23 2018-10-30 Sdg Llc Method and apparatus for isolating and switching lower voltage pulses from high voltage pulses in electrocrushing and electrohydraulic drills
US10407995B2 (en) 2012-07-05 2019-09-10 Sdg Llc Repetitive pulsed electric discharge drills including downhole formation evaluation
US11624239B1 (en) 2021-11-04 2023-04-11 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Pulse power drilling assembly transformer with a core having insulative and electrically conductive materials
US11873715B2 (en) 2021-11-04 2024-01-16 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Pulse power drilling assembly transformer with a core having a non-conductive material

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US20150083491A1 (en) 2015-03-26
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