WO2015041304A1 - 記憶回路 - Google Patents
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- WO2015041304A1 WO2015041304A1 PCT/JP2014/074740 JP2014074740W WO2015041304A1 WO 2015041304 A1 WO2015041304 A1 WO 2015041304A1 JP 2014074740 W JP2014074740 W JP 2014074740W WO 2015041304 A1 WO2015041304 A1 WO 2015041304A1
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- control terminal
- effect transistor
- field effect
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- type mosfet
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- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements
- G11C11/16—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect
- G11C11/165—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C11/1673—Reading or sensing circuits or methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements
- G11C11/16—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect
- G11C11/161—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect details concerning the memory cell structure, e.g. the layers of the ferromagnetic memory cell
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements
- G11C11/16—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect
- G11C11/165—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C11/1659—Cell access
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements
- G11C11/16—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect
- G11C11/165—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C11/1675—Writing or programming circuits or methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements
- G11C11/16—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect
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- G11C11/1697—Power supply circuits
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- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
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- G11C14/00—Digital stores characterised by arrangements of cells having volatile and non-volatile storage properties for back-up when the power is down
- G11C14/0054—Digital stores characterised by arrangements of cells having volatile and non-volatile storage properties for back-up when the power is down in which the volatile element is a SRAM cell
- G11C14/0081—Digital stores characterised by arrangements of cells having volatile and non-volatile storage properties for back-up when the power is down in which the volatile element is a SRAM cell and the nonvolatile element is a magnetic RAM [MRAM] element or ferromagnetic cell
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- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
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- G11C2013/0071—Write using write potential applied to access device gate
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- G11C2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
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- G11C2213/79—Array wherein the access device being a transistor
Definitions
- This invention relates to a memory circuit.
- MTJ element Magnetic Tunneling Junction element
- an MTJ element When using an MTJ element as a memory element, it is necessary to use a combination of an MTJ element and a selection device for selecting the MTJ element.
- a selection device an N-type MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor field-effect transistor), P-type MOSFET, CMOS (Complementary MOS), or the like is used.
- FIG. 23 shows a circuit configuration of a unit cell when the N-type MOSFET 10a is a selection device.
- a bottom pin structure in which the N-type MOSFET 10a is connected to the pinned layer 53 of the MTJ element 50 is employed.
- a predetermined voltage is applied to one of the terminals 1 and 2, and the other terminal is grounded.
- the voltage Von is applied as a selection signal to the gate of the N-type MOSFET 10a and the N-type MOSFET 10a is turned on, a current flows through the MTJ element 50, and data corresponding to the direction of the current flowing through the MTJ element 50 is written.
- the N-type MOSFET 10a operates in the saturation region, so that a sufficient current for rewriting the MTJ element 50 is transferred from the pinned layer 53 to the free layer 51. It does not flow in the direction to go.
- the current required to flow from the pinned layer 53 to the free layer 51 in order to switch the MTJ element from the parallel state to the antiparallel state is a pin from the free layer 51 to switch from the antiparallel state to the parallel state. It is greater than the current required to flow through layer 53. Therefore, the above situation is very disadvantageous from the viewpoint of MTJ switching.
- top pin structure instead of a bottom pin structure, but it is difficult to make a top pin structure itself. For this reason, it is difficult to adopt the top pin structure in any of the N-type MOSFET 10a and the P-type MOSFET 10b.
- FIG. 24 shows a circuit configuration when the P-type MOSFET 10b is a selection device.
- a bottom pin structure is adopted.
- the gate of the P-type MOSFET 10b is grounded, and on / off of the gate of the P-type MOSFET 10b is switched, thereby switching whether or not current is supplied to the MTJ element 50.
- the P-type MOSFET 10b operates in the saturation region, so that the data stored in the MTJ element 50 is rewritten. Current sufficient to flow from the free layer 51 to the pinned layer 53 does not flow. This situation is different from the case of the N-type MOSFET, and the consistency between the asymmetry of the current required for switching the MTJ element and the asymmetry of the current that can be passed through the MOSFET is good.
- the P-type MOSFET originally has a problem that its current supply capability is lower than that of the N-type MOSFET.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a nonvolatile flip-flop circuit including an MTJ element. Since CMOS combines an N-type MOSFET and a P-type MOSFET, it is possible to pass a bidirectional symmetrical current to the MTJ element.
- the CMOS includes a total of two MOSFETs, an N-type MOSFET and a P-type MOSEFT. Further, the CMOS has a problem that the size of the unit cell cannot be made compact because the well needs to be formed, the occupation area is large, and high integration cannot be achieved.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a memory circuit using a magnetic tunnel junction element that is small and capable of flowing a write current bidirectionally.
- the memory circuit of the present invention includes: A magnetic tunnel junction element, a first field effect transistor, and a second field effect transistor; One end of the current path of the second field effect transistor is connected to the gate of the first field effect transistor, and one end of the magnetic tunnel junction element is connected to one end of the current path of the first field effect transistor, A first control terminal is connected to the other end of the current path of the first field effect transistor, a second control terminal is connected to the other end of the magnetic tunnel junction element, and the current of the second field effect transistor is A third control terminal is connected to the other end of the path;
- the current path of the first field effect transistor is configured such that when a constant voltage is applied to each of the first control terminal, the second control terminal, and the third control terminal, the first control terminal A steady state is reached in which a constant current flows in a direction corresponding to the magnitude relationship between the voltage applied to the terminal and the voltage applied to the second control terminal.
- a selection circuit connected to the third control terminal and a read / write circuit connected to the first control terminal and the second control terminal may be further included.
- a power supply voltage or a ground potential level voltage is applied to the gate of the second field effect transistor, and when the data is written to the magnetic tunnel junction element, the selection circuit has the third control terminal.
- a power supply voltage or a ground potential level voltage is applied to the read / write circuit, and a voltage for passing a write current is applied between the first control terminal and the second control terminal,
- the magnetic tunnel junction element is set to one of a low resistance state and a high resistance state, and when reading data from the magnetic tunnel junction element, the selection circuit supplies a power supply voltage or a voltage to the third control terminal.
- a voltage of a ground potential level is applied, and the read / write circuit directly or indirectly measures the resistance between the first control terminal and the second control terminal.
- the selection circuit applies a power supply voltage or a ground potential level voltage to the third control terminal, and then the read / write circuit is connected between the first control terminal and the second control terminal.
- the second field effect transistor is cut off.
- the first field effect transistor and the second field effect transistor are each composed of, for example, an N-type MOSFET or a P-type MOSFET.
- the first field effect transistor and the second field effect transistor have, for example, an element size of a generation after the technology node 90 nm, and a power supply voltage is 1.05 V or less.
- the first field effect transistor and the second field effect transistor are elements of the technology node 90 nm to 32 nm generation.
- a current required for the magnetic tunnel junction element can flow in both directions with a simple and small selection device.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a memory circuit (memory device) according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the switching of an MTJ element. It is a figure for demonstrating switching of MTJ. It is a figure which shows the resistance characteristic of an MTJ element. It is a figure which shows the switching characteristic of an MTJ element.
- 6 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the memory circuit (memory device) according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a change in voltage at each node of the memory circuit according to the first embodiment, and shows a change in voltage when the write current I1 shown in FIG. 5 is passed.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a change in voltage at each node of the memory circuit according to the first embodiment, and shows a change in voltage when the write current I2 shown in FIG. 5 is passed.
- 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a memory circuit according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a change in voltage at each node of the memory circuit according to the second embodiment, and a diagram illustrating a change in voltage when a write current is passed.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a change in voltage at each node of the memory circuit according to the second embodiment, and a diagram illustrating a change in voltage when a write current in a reverse direction is passed.
- FIG 3 is a diagram illustrating a change over time of a potential difference at each node of the memory circuit according to the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows the switching characteristic of a MTJ model. It is a figure which shows the simulation result of the channel width of multiple types of selection device. It is a figure which shows the simulation result of the switching of an MTJ element. It is a figure which shows the simulation result of the switching of an MTJ element. It is a figure which shows the layout of NFET used by simulation. It is a figure which shows the layout of PFET used by simulation. It is a figure which shows the layout of CMOS used by simulation. It is a figure which shows the layout of BoostedNFET used by simulation.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration of the memory circuit 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the memory circuit 100 includes a selection device 10 and a magnetic tunnel junction element (hereinafter, MTJ element) 50.
- the selection device 10 includes two N-type MOSFETs 11 and 12.
- the drain (one end of the current path) of the N-type MOSFET 12 is connected to the pinned layer 53 of the MTJ element 50.
- the free layer 51 (one end of the MTJ element 50) of the MTJ element 50 is connected to the control terminal 70a.
- the source of the N-type MOSFET 12 (the other end of the current path) is connected to the control terminal 70b.
- the gate of the N-type MOSFET 12 is connected to the drain (one end of the current path) of the N-type MOSFET 11.
- a positive power supply voltage Vdd is applied to the gate of the N-type MOSFET 11.
- the source (the other end of the current path) of the N-type MOSFET 11 is connected to the selection control terminal 70c.
- the N-type MOSFET 12 is a driver transistor that allows a relatively large write current to flow through the MTJ element 50.
- the N-type MOSFET 11 is a barrier transistor for controlling the N-type MOSFET 12, and almost no current flows through the N-type MOSFET 11.
- the channel width (element size) of the N-type MOSFET 11 is smaller than the channel width (element size) of the N-type MOSFET 12.
- the MTJ element 50 is composed of a free layer 51, an insulating layer 52, and a pinned layer 53.
- the insulating layer 52 is formed of a thin film of MgO or Al 2 O 3
- the free layer 51 and the pinned layer 53 are ferromagnetic layers such as iron (Fe) and cobalt (Co), or a single layer made of an alloy thereof. It is formed of multiple layers.
- an electrode 51 a is formed on the pinned layer 51, and an electrode 53 a is formed on the free layer 53.
- the magnetization direction indicated by the two-dot broken line arrow is not fixed, and when a current is supplied, the magnetization direction changes.
- the pinned layer 53 has a fixed magnetization direction. 2A shows a state where the magnetization directions of the free layer 51 and the pinned layer 53 are aligned (parallel state), and FIG. 2B shows a state where the magnetization directions of the free layer 51 and the pinned layer 53 are opposite (antiparallel). Status).
- the MTJ element 50 has a property that its resistance value differs between the parallel state and the antiparallel state.
- FIG. 3 shows current-resistance characteristics of the MTJ element 50.
- the vertical axis represents the resistance R
- the horizontal axis represents the current I supplied to the MTJ element 50.
- the resistance value of the MTJ element 50 changes depending on the relative directions of the magnetization directions of the free layer 51 and the pinned layer 53. This resistance change is called a tunnel magnetoresistance effect.
- R P low resistance state
- the magnetoresistance increases. This state is called a high resistance state RAP .
- the MTJ element 50 is injected from the pinned layer 53 into the free layer 51 when a current (forward current Ic0) is supplied in the direction from the free layer 51 to the pinned layer 53 in the antiparallel state as shown in FIG. 2B.
- the magnetization of the free layer 51 is reversed by the generated multi-spin electrons to be in a parallel state (low resistance state R P ).
- the MTJ element 50 is in a parallel state as shown in FIG. 2A and a current (reverse current Ic1) from the pinned layer 53 to the free layer 51 is supplied, spin electrons are transferred from the free layer 51 to the pinned layer. 53.
- the reverse current Ic1 for switching from the parallel state (low resistance state R P ) to the antiparallel state (high resistance state R AP ) is an antiparallel state (high resistance state R AP).
- To a parallel state (low resistance state R P ) is known to be greater than the forward current Ic0.
- the MTJ element 50 can be used as a storage element by associating the parallel state and the antiparallel state with, for example, “0” and “1” and controlling the parallel state and the antiparallel state.
- FIG. 4 shows the switching characteristics of the MTJ element 50.
- the vertical axis represents the threshold current required for writing
- the horizontal axis represents the pulse width (time) of writing.
- Curve A shows the magnitude and time characteristics of reverse current Ic1 for switching from the parallel state (low resistance state R P ) to the antiparallel state (high resistance state R AP ).
- Curve B shows the magnitude and time characteristics of forward current Ic0 for switching from the anti-parallel state (high resistance state R AP ) to the parallel state (low resistance state R P ).
- the current required for writing increases as the writing pulse width decreases. That is, in order to switch the MTJ element 50 at high speed and to function as a high-speed device, it is necessary to pass a certain amount of current. Therefore, the N-type MOSFET 12 constituting the selection device 10 is also required to pass a certain amount of current.
- the operation of the memory circuit 100 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5, 6A and 6B.
- 90 nm is used as the technology node, and the power supply voltage of the memory circuit 100 is 1V.
- the threshold voltage Vth of the N-type MOSFETs 11 and 12 is set to 0.2V.
- the control terminals 70a and 70b are connected to the read / write circuit 101, and the selection control terminal 70c is connected to the selection circuit 102.
- a power supply voltage Vdd ( ⁇ 1 V) is applied to the gate of the N-type MOSFET 11.
- the selection circuit 102 applies a voltage Von of 0 V to the selection control terminal 70c as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, and the read / write circuit 101 applies to the control terminals 70a and 70b.
- Voltages Vin1 and Vin2 of 0V are applied.
- the N-type MOSFET 12 is off and no current flows through the N-type MOSFET 12. Therefore, no current flows through the MTJ element 50.
- the selection circuit 102 applies the on-voltage Von (1V) to the selection control terminal 70c as shown in FIG. 6A.
- the gate voltage Vg applied to the N-type MOSFET 12 via the N-type MOSFET 11 becomes Von ⁇ Vth ⁇ 1V ⁇ 0.2V ⁇ 0.8V.
- the read / write circuit 101 sets the voltage Vin1 to the high level ( ⁇ 1V) while maintaining the voltage Vin2 at the 0V level. Thereby, the current I1 starts to flow through the N-type MOSFET 12.
- the gate voltage Vg rises to approximately Vin1 + Von ⁇ Vth ⁇ 1.35V.
- the drain voltage Vd of the N-type MOSFET 12 also increased. Therefore, the current driving capability of the N-type MOSFET 12 is increased, and the MOSFET 12 can supply a sufficient current I1 necessary for switching the MTJ element 50 between the parallel state and the antiparallel state.
- the cut-off N-type MOSFET 11 is turned off by the rise of the gate voltage Vg. Thereby, the charge between the source and gate of the N-type MOSFET 12 is maintained, and the situation where the gate voltage Vg drops to the power supply voltage does not occur.
- the read / write circuit 101 lowers the voltage Vin1 to 0V, and then the selection circuit 102 sets the ON voltage Von to 0V.
- the selection circuit 102 first applies the ON voltage Von ( ⁇ 1V) to the selection control terminal 70c as shown in FIG. 6B.
- the gate voltage Vg ⁇ Von ⁇ Vth1 1V ⁇ 0.2V ⁇ 0.8V.
- the selection device 10 can cause a sufficient current to flow in both directions in the MTJ element 50 to switch the MTJ element 50 between the parallel state and the anti-parallel state.
- the selection circuit 102 sets Von to the high level to select the memory element 100, and then the read / write circuit 101 directly or indirectly directly selects the resistance value of the MTJ element 50 ( Measure high or low).
- the read / write circuit 101 specifies data corresponding to the measured resistance value.
- the selection device is composed of an N-type MOSFET.
- the selection device is composed of a P-type MOSFET, it is possible to supply current in both directions.
- FIG. 7 shows the configuration of the memory circuit 200 including the selection device 110 and the MTJ element 50 each composed of a P-type MOSFET.
- the difference from the first embodiment is that two P-type MOSFETs 111 and 112 are used as the selection device 110.
- the gate of the P-type MOSFET 111 is connected to the ground GND (0 V).
- FIGS. 8A and 8B a read / write circuit 101, a selection circuit 102, and the like are connected as in FIG.
- the voltage Von of 0 V is applied to the selection control terminal 70c, and the voltages Vin1 and Vin2 of 1 V are applied to the control terminals 70a and 70b.
- the P-type MOSFET 112 is off and no current flows through the P-type MOSFET 112. Therefore, no current flows through the MTJ element 50.
- Vth1 is a threshold voltage of the P-type MOSFET 111 and takes a negative value.
- the voltage Vin1 applied to the control terminal 70b is lowered from 1V to 0V.
- the potential of the control terminal 70a is 1V. Since the voltage applied to the node G exceeds the threshold voltage Vth2 of the P-type MOSFET 112, a channel is formed in the P-type MOSFET 112, and a current flows between the source and drain of the P-type MOSFET 112.
- the voltage applied to the node G further decreases due to capacitive coupling between the channel and the gate. Therefore, the P-type MOSFET 112 is biased in the linear region.
- the memory circuit 200 when a current is passed through the MTJ element 50 in the reverse direction, the memory circuit 200 operates as follows.
- a voltage of 0 V is applied as the on voltage Von from the selection control terminal 70c.
- the node G on the gate side of the MOSFET 111 drops from 1V to a voltage of
- the voltage Vin2 applied to the control terminal 70a is lowered from 1V to 0V. It is assumed that the potential of the control terminal 70b is 1V. At this time, since the voltage applied to the node G exceeds the threshold voltage Vth2 of the P-type MOSFET 112, a channel is formed in the P-type MOSFET 112. Accordingly, a current flows from the drain to the source of the P-type MOSFET 112. That is, a current in the reverse direction flows.
- the voltage applied to the node G further decreases due to capacitive coupling between the channel and the gate, and the P-type MOSFET 112 is reverse-biased in the linear region.
- a current path including the MTJ element 50 and the P-type MOSFET 112 is formed, and a current flows in a direction from the free layer 51 of the MTJ element 50 toward the pinned layer 53.
- the P-type MOSFET 112 is turned off via the P-type MOSFET 111, the current path including the MTJ element 50 and the P-type MOSFET 112 is disconnected, and the supply of current to the MTJ element 50 is stopped.
- the selection device 120 allows a sufficient current to flow in both directions in the MTJ element 50 to switch between the parallel state and the antiparallel state of the MTJ element 50. Can be made.
- the voltage Vg applied to the node G of the MOSFET 12 of the memory circuit 100 shown in FIG. 1 is a potential of 1 V or more as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B.
- FIG. 9 shows temporal changes in the potential difference between Vg and Vd, Vg and Vin1, and Vg and Vin2, corresponding to the voltage change waveforms at the nodes shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B.
- none of the potential differences between Vg and Vd, Vg and Vin1, and Vg and Vin2 exceed 1V. Therefore, there is no problem with the reliability of the insulating film of the MOSFET 12 of the memory circuit 100 shown in FIG.
- the channel width of the selection device will be considered.
- the selection device 10 (hereinafter, referred to as Boosted NFET) composed of the N-type MOSFET, the P-type MOSFET, the CMOS, and the two N-type MOSFETs described in the first embodiment is employed as the selection device. Compare Each circuit is configured so that bidirectional switching is completed within 10 nanoseconds.
- FIG. 10 shows the switching characteristics of the MTJ element model (hereinafter referred to as the MTJ model) used in the comparative study.
- the MTJ model has a switching characteristic as shown in FIG. 10, the resistance value R P in the parallel state is 1.2k, resistance R AP in the anti-parallel state is 2.56Keiomega.
- Each of the selected devices is an N-type MOSFET (hereinafter referred to as NFET), a P-type MOSFET (hereinafter referred to as PFET as appropriate), and a CMOS, and a power source voltage Vdd of a circuit in which MTJ elements are connected in a bottom pin structure is 0.8V.
- the channel width of the selected device was measured for each power supply voltage in the case where the voltage was changed by 0.05 V up to 1.2 V. For CMOS and Boosted NFET, the total of the two channel widths was defined as the channel width.
- Figure 11 shows the simulation results.
- the vertical axis represents the channel width, and the horizontal axis represents the power supply voltage Vdd.
- the boosted NFET has the smallest total channel width. Therefore, it is advantageous for miniaturization and high integration.
- the applied voltage required for switching the MTJ element from the parallel state to the antiparallel state and the time required for switching were simulated.
- the selection devices were NFET, PFET, CMOS, Boosted NFET, and MTJ elements were connected in a bottom pin structure.
- the aforementioned MTJ model is used as the MTJ element.
- the voltage required for switching is 0.422 V, and the time required for switching is 6.5 nanoseconds.
- the voltage required for switching is 0.577 V, and the time required for switching is 2.6 nanoseconds.
- CMOS the voltage required for switching is 0.428 V, and the time required for switching is 6.3 nanoseconds.
- the Boosted NFET the voltage required for switching is 0.413 V, and the time required for switching is 7.9 nanoseconds. In either case, switching was possible in less than 10 nanoseconds.
- Figure 13 shows the simulation results.
- the voltage required for switching is 0.920 V, and the time required for switching is 0.9 nanoseconds.
- the voltage required for switching is 0.331 V, and the time required for switching is 8.7 nanoseconds.
- CMOS the voltage required for switching is 0.464 V, and the time required for switching is 1.3 nanoseconds.
- the Boosted NFET the voltage required for switching is 0.506 V, and the time required for switching is 1.2 nanoseconds. In either case, switching was possible in less than 10 nanoseconds.
- the Boosted NFET according to the first embodiment is used, a sufficient switching speed can be obtained.
- FIG. 14A, FIG. 14B, FIG. 14C, and FIG. 14D show the layout of each selected device used in these simulations.
- Each selection device is also 0.74 micrometers wide, but when using a Boosted NFET, the length of the selection device is 2.03 micrometers, which is smaller than the other devices. That is, when the Boosted NFET is used, the area of the selected device can be minimized.
- FIG. 15 shows the relationship between the power supply voltage and the device area at the technology node 90 nm. As shown in the figure, in the technology node 90 nm, when the power supply voltage is 1.05 V or less, the Boosted NFET is most excellent in terms of the occupied area.
- FIG. 16 shows how the device size and parameters change when scaling the MTJ element together with the MOSFET from 90 nm technology.
- the MTJ element can perform bidirectional switching in less than 10 ns.
- the film thickness of MgO (insulating layer) was constant.
- FIG. 17 shows the area occupied by the selected device for each technology node required to drive the scaled MTJ element at this time. From FIG. 17, it can be seen that Boosted NFET is the best in the 90 nm generation to 32 nm generation of technology nodes.
- FIG. 18 shows the ratio of the diameter of the MTJ element and the size of the selected device when the MTJ and the selected device are optimized in the 90 nm generation to the 32 nm generation of the technology node.
- MTJ ⁇ , Wn1 and Wn2 are the MTJ element diameter
- the channel width of the driver transistor of the proposed MTJ selection device larger transistor; MOSFET 12 in FIG. 1, MOSFET 112 in FIG. 7
- the channel widths of the device barrier transistors smaller transistors; MOSFET 11 in FIG. 1, MOSFET 111 in FIG. 7 are shown.
- the ratio of the MTJ selection device driver transistor channel width to the MTJ diameter (Wn1 / MTJ ⁇ ) and the MTJ selection device driver transistor and barrier transistor preferably satisfies the following equation. 4 ⁇ Wn1 / MTJ ⁇ ⁇ 15, 2 ⁇ Wn1 / Wn2 ⁇ 5 Desirably, 6 ⁇ Wn1 / MTJ ⁇ ⁇ 12, 4 ⁇ Wn1 / Wn2 ⁇ 5. Outside this range, in the technology node from the 90 nm generation to the 32 nm generation, the balance of the size ratios of the devices constituting the memory element deteriorates, resulting in waste and a reduction in efficiency.
- Boosted NFET described in the above embodiment.
- 19 to 22 show examples of circuits to which Boosted NFET is applied. A portion surrounded by a broken line is a Boosted NFET.
- the circuit shown in FIG. 19 shows an example in which a Boosted NFET is used as a part of a non-volatile FPGA crossbar switch.
- the MTJ can be used as a memory cell of a nonvolatile FPGA.
- the MTJ free layer and the bit line BL are connected, and one terminal of the MOSFET connected to the MTJ pinned layer is connected to the source line SL, and not directly connected to the MTJ.
- One terminal of the other MOSFET and the word line WL are connected.
- the MTJ is selected by the word line WL, the stored data is read from the resistance value between the bit line BL and the source line SL, and the voltage applied to the bit line BL and the source line SL is adjusted to flow to the MTJ. Current is controlled and data is written.
- the circuit shown in FIG. 21 has two inverters composed of one MTJ and one MTJ driving MOSFET, and each inverter output terminal and bit line (or bit line bar) BL, A Boosted NFET is provided between / BL.
- FIG. 22 shows an example in which a Boosted NFET is adopted as the nonvolatile latch circuit. 19 to 22 are functionally connected to portions that operate as the selection circuit 102 and the read / write circuit 101 illustrated in FIG.
- a selection device that is small and has a small occupation area that allows a sufficient write current to flow through the MTJ element, and can be used as a selection device for technology nodes of 90 nm and later.
- the present invention can be applied to a memory circuit using a magnetic tunnel junction element.
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Abstract
Description
磁気トンネル接合素子と、第1の電界効果トランジスタと、第2の電界効果トランジスタとを備え、
前記第1の電界効果トランジスタのゲートに前記第2の電界効果トランジスタの電流路の一端が接続され、前記第1の電界効果トランジスタの電流路の一端に前記磁気トンネル接合素子の一端が接続され、前記第1の電界効果トランジスタの電流路の他端に第1の制御端子が接続され、前記磁気トンネル接合素子の他端に第2の制御端子が接続され、前記第2の電界効果トランジスタの電流路の他端に第3の制御端子が接続され、
前記第1の電界効果トランジスタの電流路は、前記第1の制御端子と前記第2の制御端子と前記第3の制御端子とのそれぞれに一定の電圧が印加されると、前記第1の制御端子に印加される電圧と前記第2の制御端子に印加される電圧との大小関係に応じた方向に一定の電流が流れる定常状態に達する。
4≦Wn1/MTJΦ≦15、2≦Wn1/Wn2≦5
を満たすことが望ましい。
(実施形態1)
図1に、実施形態1に係る記憶回路100の構成を示す。
上記実施形態1では、選択デバイスをN形MOSFETから構成したが、選択デバイスをP型MOSFETから構成した場合であっても、両方向の電流を供給することが可能である。
4≦Wn1/MTJΦ≦15、2≦Wn1/Wn2≦5
なお、望ましくは、6≦Wn1/MTJΦ≦12、4≦Wn1/Wn2≦5 である。この範囲を外れると、テクノロジーノードの90nm世代から32nm世代において、メモリ素子を構成する各デバイスのサイズ比のバランスが悪化し、無駄が生し、効率が低下する。
なお、図19~図22の回路は何れも、機能的には、図5に例示した選択回路102とリード/ライト回路101として動作する部分に接続されている。
10a N型のMOSFET
10b P型のMOSFET
11、12 N型MOSFET
50 MTJ素子
51 フリー層
51a 電極
52 絶縁層
53 ピン層
53a 電極
70a、70b、70c 制御端子
100、200 記憶回路
111、112 P型MOSFET
Claims (7)
- 磁気トンネル接合素子と、第1の電界効果トランジスタと、第2の電界効果トランジスタとを備え、
前記第1の電界効果トランジスタのゲートに前記第2の電界効果トランジスタの電流路の一端が接続され、前記第1の電界効果トランジスタの電流路の一端に前記磁気トンネル接合素子の一端が接続され、前記第1の電界効果トランジスタの電流路の他端に第1の制御端子が接続され、前記磁気トンネル接合素子の他端に第2の制御端子が接続され、前記第2の電界効果トランジスタの電流路の他端に第3の制御端子が接続され、
前記第1の電界効果トランジスタの電流路は、前記第1の制御端子と前記第2の制御端子と前記第3の制御端子とのそれぞれに一定の電圧が印加されると、前記第1の制御端子に印加される電圧と前記第2の制御端子に印加される電圧との大小関係に応じた方向に一定の電流が流れる定常状態に達する、
記憶回路。 - 前記第3の制御端子に接続された選択回路と、
前記第1の制御端子と前記第2の制御端子とに接続されたリード/ライト回路と、を備え、
前記第2の電界効果トランジスタのゲートには、電源電圧あるいはグランド電位レベルの電圧が印加され、
前記磁気トンネル接合素子へのデータの書き込み時に、前記選択回路は、前記第3の制御端子に電源電圧あるいはグランド電位レベルの電圧を印加し、前記リード/ライト回路は、前記第1の制御端子と前記第2の制御端子との間に、書き込み電流を流すための電圧を印加して、前記磁気トンネル接合素子を低抵抗状態と高抵抗状態とのうちのいずれかに設定し、
前記磁気トンネル接合素子からのデータの読み出し時に、前記選択回路は、前記第3の制御端子に電源電圧あるいはグランド電位レベルの電圧を印加し、前記リード/ライト回路は、前記第1の制御端子と前記第2の制御端子との間の抵抗を直接又は間接的に測定する、
請求項1に記載の記憶回路。 - 前記選択回路が前記第3の制御端子に電源電圧あるいはグランド電位レベルの電圧を印加し、続いて、前記リード/ライト回路が前記第1の制御端子と前記第2の制御端子との間に電圧をかけることにより、前記第2の電界効果トランジスタをカットオフさせる、
請求項2に記載の記憶回路。 - 前記第1の電界効果トランジスタと前記第2の電界効果トランジスタとが、それぞれN型MOSFET又はP型MOSFETから構成される、
請求項1から3の何れか1項に記載の記憶回路。 - 前記第1の電界効果トランジスタと前記第2の電界効果トランジスタとは、テクノロジーノード90nm以降の世代の素子サイズを有し、
電源電圧は、1.05V以下である、
請求項1から4の何れか1項に記載の記憶回路。 - 前記第1の電界効果トランジスタと前記第2の電界効果トランジスタとは、テクノロジーノード90nmから32nm世代の素子である、
請求項1から5の何れか1項に記載の記憶回路。 - 前記第1の電界効果トランジスタのチャンネル幅と前記磁気トンネル接合素子の直径の比(Wn1/MTJΦ)および前記第1の電界効果トランジスタと前記第2の電界効果トランジスタのチャンネル幅の比(Wn1/Wn2)は、
4≦Wn1/MTJΦ≦15、2≦Wn1/Wn2≦5
を満たす、
請求項1から6の何れか1項に記載の記憶回路。
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