WO2015039346A1 - 起爆安全装置 - Google Patents

起爆安全装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015039346A1
WO2015039346A1 PCT/CN2013/083992 CN2013083992W WO2015039346A1 WO 2015039346 A1 WO2015039346 A1 WO 2015039346A1 CN 2013083992 W CN2013083992 W CN 2013083992W WO 2015039346 A1 WO2015039346 A1 WO 2015039346A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
explosion
detonation
safety device
proof piston
perforation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/083992
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴志勇
张建军
韩宗正
丁晓
孟雪
尹剑峰
罗鹏飞
杨晓强
李玮
孙厚利
仲景儒
吕民
蔡玉川
刘影
侯庆军
方文
隋悦
孟庆菊
付宁
张军
陈楠
邵恒玉
袁博
张鑫
Original Assignee
中国石油天然气股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 filed Critical 中国石油天然气股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2013/083992 priority Critical patent/WO2015039346A1/zh
Publication of WO2015039346A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015039346A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/119—Details, e.g. for locating perforating place or direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/34—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by a blocking-member in the pyrotechnic or explosive train between primer and main charge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a detonation safety device, which is applied to the perforating field construction process, and prevents the perforating bomb explosion from causing damage to the wellhead operator when the detonator is accidentally ignited.
  • the composite perforating sand control gun when the composite perforating sand control gun is connected to the detonator and the anti-sand perforation column, it enters the detonation working state.
  • the traditional tubing delivery perforating process is to add a safety sandwich gun between the initiator and the perforating gun to prevent the perforating bomb from causing damage to the wellhead operator when the detonator is accidentally ignited, but if the detonator accidentally catches fire, even if there is
  • the protection of the safety mezzanine gun still has certain detonation wave and noise damage, and still has certain influence and threat to the wellhead operator. .
  • the safety mezzanine gun increases the distance between the wellhead operator and the perforating gun (the safety mezzanine gun has a length of at least 5 or 6 meters to provide effective safety), it still does not prevent the launcher from accidentally firing.
  • the hole bomb explosion does not prevent the explosion of the perforating bullet outside the set time and place. This type of perforating bomb explosion outside of the set time and location can damage downhole facilities with a low safety factor.
  • the safety interlayer gun is also provided with a detonating cord connecting the detonator and the composite perforating sand control gun
  • the length of the detonating cord in the safety laminated gun is also 5 or 6 meters, and the safety laminated gun is required to transmit the detonating device.
  • the perforating gun at least 3 ⁇ 4 to pass the 5, 6 meter long detonating cord or fuse, because the longer the detonating cord, the lower the success rate of the detonating, so the traditional safety mezzanine will lead to The problem of low burst success rate.
  • the present invention provides an initiating safety device for the purpose of solving the problem of the prior art not preventing the ejection of a perforating bullet outside of a set time and location.
  • the object of the present invention is to achieve reliable explosion in the downhole, and to eliminate safety hazards during the downhole process, and to ensure the safety of the wellsite construction personnel and equipment.
  • the present invention provides a detonation safety device, the detonation safety device comprising: a perforating detonation safety device body; a detonation passage disposed in the perforating detonation safety device body; an explosion-proof piston, capable of translating The perforating detonating safety device body switches the opening and closing of the detonating passage; and the explosion-proof piston is provided with a limiting structure for preventing the explosion-proof piston from being turned over in the perforating detonating safety device body; Device, set in The perforation detonates in the body of the safety device and connects the explosion-proof piston; the direction of movement of the explosion-proof piston is different from the direction of the detonation passage.
  • a pressure balance hole communicating with the explosion-proof piston is disposed in the body of the perforating safety device, and the pressure balance hole extends to an outer surface of the body of the perforating safety device.
  • the pressure balance hole and the elastic device are respectively located at two ends of the explosion-proof piston.
  • a sand control screen is arranged on the pressure balance hole.
  • the elastic device is a compression spring, the compression spring is pressed against the end of the explosion-proof piston, the first end of the explosion passage is connected to the initiator, and the detonation safety device further comprises: a detonating component, setting In the blasting passage; the explosion-proof piston is located between the initiator and the blasting assembly.
  • the moving direction of the explosion-proof piston and the direction of the explosion-proof passage are perpendicular to each other.
  • the explosion-proof piston is provided with a through hole, and the through hole has an elongated shape, and the through hole is along the cross section perpendicular to the explosion-proof passage The length of the direction of movement of the explosion-proof piston is greater than the width of the through hole.
  • an active space of an explosion-proof piston is disposed in the body of the perforating safety device, the explosion-proof piston is disposed in an active space of the explosion-proof piston, and an active space of the explosion-proof piston is a flat cavity,
  • the explosion-proof piston is flat, and the limit structure for preventing the explosion-proof piston from turning over comprises: a first limiting surface of the explosion-proof piston and a second limiting surface of the explosion-proof piston, the first limiting surface and the second limiting position The faces are parallel to each other and are all flat.
  • the first end of the detonation safety device is connected to the initiator, the initiator is connected to the screen, and the second end of the detonation safety device is connected to the composite perforating sand control gun.
  • the length of the body of the perforating safety device is not more than 0.5 m.
  • the invention utilizes the prestressing of the elastic device, and when the explosion does not occur, the explosion-proof piston is disconnected from the explosion passage to avoid accidental explosion caused by external factors.
  • the explosion-proof piston When the device is on the ground, due to the absence of external pressure, the explosion-proof piston will block the explosion passage. At this time, even if there is an external force to cause the sand control initiator to accidentally ignite, it will not cause the explosion of the emission hole to ensure the safety of the wellsite operator.
  • the explosion-proof piston overcomes the spring pre-stress to generate displacement, and the detonation passage is opened.
  • the detonation After the detonator is ignited, the detonation generates a detonation sequence and a perforating projectile. . If the detonator refuses to explode, the string with the detonating safety device is lifted to the underground liquid level of 500m or more, and the explosion-proof piston is pushed by the spring prestress to generate displacement, which causes the detonation passage to be blocked, even if the detonator is accidentally ignited. The detonation was blocked by the explosion-proof piston and could not be detonated.
  • the invention replaces the safety interlayer gun used in the traditional tubing conveying perforating process.
  • the prior art safety interlayer gun only increases the safety distance between the operator and the composite perforating sand control gun, and cannot prevent the composite perforating sand control gun because
  • the explosion (perforation) caused by the accidental detonation of the detonator cannot guarantee the safety of the underground facilities, and this application can prevent the accidental explosion of the composite perforating sand control gun, which can ensure the safety of personnel and ensure the composite perforating sand control gun.
  • the explosion (perforation) at the time of the explosion should ensure the safety of the underground facilities.
  • the detonating safety device is a switch-type control device, or the detonating safety device forms a detonating switch
  • the detonation safety device does not need to be long, for example, within 0.5 m
  • the present invention is a safety mezzanine gun of the prior art, Compact structure, it can reduce the entire detonating pipe column (including a sieve of about 1 meter long, a detonator of about 0.3 meters and a safety sandwich gun of about 6 meters) by about 5 meters, and become the entire column (including 1
  • the length of the screen is about 2 meters, and the length of the blasting safety device is less than 2 meters.
  • the installation of the 0. 5 meter detonation safety device is 6 meters longer than the installation.
  • the mezzanine gun is more convenient, convenient for transportation, and can be installed by one person on site.
  • the construction is simple and the cost of perforation is saved (the detonation safety device of 0.5 m is cheaper than the 6 m long safety mezzanine), and the safety factor is high. , on-site construction is efficient.
  • the range of 0. 2 to 0. 3 meters, the range of the detonating cable (in the blasting assembly) is reduced from 5, 6 meters to 0.2 to 0.3 meters.
  • the utility model solves the problem that the traditional safety of the mezzanine gun has a low success rate, and the success rate of the detonation is increased by 20 to 30 times.
  • the device meets the safety requirements of oil well perforation sand control, can reliably detonate underground, and can eliminate safety hazards during the downhole process, and ensure the safety of wellsite construction personnel and equipment. Illustration
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the internal structure of the detonating safety device according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the explosion-proof piston disconnects the blasting passage;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of an initiating safety device according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein an explosion-proof piston is connected to a detonating passage;
  • FIG. 3 is a connection structure of a detonating safety device and a detonator and a composite perforating sand control gun according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of the explosion-proof piston according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a bottom view structure of an explosion-proof piston according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a plan view showing the structure of an explosion-proof piston according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an initiating safety device includes: a perforating detonating safety device body 1; a detonating passage 5 disposed in the perforating detonating safety device body 1; The first end 51 of the venting passage 5 is connected to the initiator 7 and the initiator 7 is fired by a thousand fires; the blasting assembly 4, the middle portion of which is the detonating cord, the inside of the two ends is a squib, and the outside of the squib is a fixing rubber plug, the blasting assembly 4 is disposed in the blasting passage for transmitting the igniting of the initiator to the composite perforating sandblasting gun or the perforating gun 9; the explosion-proof piston 3 is disposed in the perforating
  • the detonating safety device body is, for example, disposed in the movable space 13 of the explosion-
  • the perforating detonating safety device body 1 may be cylindrical and have an internal cavity for accommodating the blasting passage, the explosion-proof piston 3 and the elastic device 2.
  • the explosion-proof piston 3 is under the action of the prestressing of the elastic device and the working conditions required for the detonation, and the external force received by the explosion-proof piston 3 (from the outside of the perforating safety device body, for example, downhole pressure) , moving.
  • the explosion-proof piston When the prestress of the elastic device is greater than the external force of the explosion-proof piston 3 under the working conditions required for the detonation, the explosion-proof piston will disconnect the explosion passage to avoid accidental explosion due to external factors; The external force of the lower explosion-proof piston 3 is greater than the pre-stress of the elastic device, and the explosion-proof piston will drive the position of the elastic device to change, and the detonation passage is turned on, so that the detonation caused by the detonation causes the detonation sequence and the operation of the perforating projectile.
  • the invention utilizes the prestress of the elastic device, and when the explosion does not occur, the explosion-proof piston is disconnected from the explosion passage to avoid accidental explosion caused by external factors.
  • the explosion-proof piston will block the explosion passage because there is no external pressure. At this time, even if there is an external force to cause the sand control detonator to accidentally ignite, it will not lead to the launching hole bomb to ensure the safety of the wellsite operator.
  • the explosion-proof piston overcomes the spring pre-stress to generate displacement, and the detonation passage is opened. After the detonator is ignited, the generated detonation causes the detonation sequence and the perforating project to work.
  • the present invention provides a limiting structure to avoid the influence of the inversion of the explosion-proof piston 3 on the conduction area of the detonation passage.
  • the explosion-proof piston conducts the bleed passage through the through hole 31.
  • the explosion-proof piston 3 rotates during installation or down-going to the well, the through-hole 31 cannot be directly opposed to the detonation passage, affecting the detonation performance. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the explosion-proof piston is designed into a flat shape, and the cylinder having a round cross section is used, and the rotation of the cylinder is eliminated by its own structure.
  • the movable space 13 of the explosion-proof piston is a flat cavity, and the explosion-proof piston 3 is also flat.
  • the limit structure for preventing the explosion-proof piston from turning over includes: a first limiting surface 381 of the explosion-proof piston and a second limiting surface 382 of the explosion-proof piston, the first limiting surface 381 and the second limiting surface 382 are parallel to each other and are planar, so that the explosion-proof piston 3 passes through the first limiting surface 381 and the The limit of the second limiting surface 382, and limited by the flat shape of the movable space 13 of the explosion-proof piston, the explosion-proof piston 3 can only translate or slide in the perforating detonating safety device body 1 and cannot rotate, such a limit The method is simple to process and does not affect the sliding.
  • the blasting component 4 is rod-shaped or tubular or columnar, and the middle part is a detonating cord, the inside of the two ends is a squib, and the outer part of the squib is a fixed rubber plug.
  • Fixed rubber plug It plays the role of shock absorption and fixing. It prevents the explosion-producing component from being used. Because of vibration or other reasons, the squib is not centered and slides up and down, which affects the blasting performance.
  • the squib tube is equipped with a high-sensitivity high-sensitivity booster.
  • the squib tube is equipped with a booster or a squib that is more sensitive than the previous squib.
  • a more sensitive high-sensitivity booster accepting the detonation wave transmitted from the detonating cord of the upper section, and having a magnifying effect at this point (in the squib), which can solve the attenuation of the detonation wave by the assembly vacancy, so that the next section
  • the detonating cord is normally detonated.
  • the present invention considers the introduction of the squib tube when designing the blasting safety device. Thereby solving the above problems.
  • the elastic means 2 is a compression spring which is pressed against the end of the explosion-proof piston.
  • the compression spring is sleeved on the rod body 36 of the explosion-proof piston, and the explosion-proof piston 3 further has a spring support table 34.
  • the spring support table 34 is connected with the stalk body 36 of the explosion-proof piston to form a spring.
  • the structure is simple, the performance is stable, the cost is low, and the safety factor is high.
  • the default state of the explosion-proof piston is to disconnect the explosion passage, and the compression spring can make the explosion-proof piston stably open the explosion passage, and the compression spring has more stable performance and longer service life than other elastic devices.
  • the compression spring also has a shock absorbing effect, which can buffer the received shock during the downhole operation without causing the perforating bomb to explode due to accidental collision.
  • the length L of the through hole detonating safety device body is not more than 0.5 m, wherein the axial length of the through hole 31 (the length along the direction of the detonation path 5, or The depth of the through hole 31 is 0. 015 meters, the longitudinal length is 0. 02 meters, or 0. 015 meters or 0. 015 meters (the preferred value is; the axial length of the through hole 31 is 0. 015 meters, the longitudinal height 0. 007 m).
  • the length of the blasting component 4 (the length along the direction of the blasting path 5) is 0. 4 meters, for example, 0. 2 to 0. 3 meters (optional 0) 3 meters or 0.3 meters), reducing the length of the detonating cord, improving the success rate of detonation, making the overall structure compact and convenient for downhole operation.
  • the perforating detonation safety device body 1 is provided with a pressure balance hole 11 communicating with the explosion-proof piston, and the pressure balance hole 11 extends to the perforation detonation safety device body.
  • the pressure balance hole is, for example, a through hole, which communicates directly with the explosion-proof piston 3, and directly reflects the downhole pressure on the explosion-proof piston 3.
  • the change of the downhole pressure can be utilized to control the position of the explosion-proof piston 3.
  • the natural force is fully utilized, and no manual or intentional application of mechanical or driving force is required, and the working conditions required for the initiation are achieved.
  • the explosion-proof piston 3 will automatically turn on the explosion path, which is already in the working state of the well, and will not pose a threat to the safety of the wellsite construction personnel and equipment.
  • the pressure balance hole 11 and the elastic means 2 are respectively located at both ends of the explosion-proof piston 3.
  • the explosion-proof pistons 3 are respectively subjected to different directions of force at both ends, so that the structure is compact, the arrangement is uniform and reasonable, and the strength of the perforating detonation safety device body 1 is not affected, and the detonation in the body of the perforating detonation safety device 1 is not affected.
  • the pressure balance hole 11 is provided with a sand control screen 110 to prevent sand from entering the pressure balance hole 11 and affecting the force of the explosion-proof piston 3, for example, preventing the sand from entering the movable space of the explosion-proof piston communicating with the pressure balance hole 11. 13 in.
  • the movable space 13 of the explosion-proof piston is located in the body 1 of the safety device and communicates with the pressure balance hole 11.
  • the end of the explosion-proof piston near the pressure balance hole is limited by the reverse nut. At least one side of the upper and lower ends of the reverse nut is welded with a sand control screen.
  • the sand control screen 110 is located in the active space of the explosion-proof piston. 13 (the movable space 13 of the explosion-proof piston is a cavity or a hollow structure) or the sand control screen 110 is located at the bottom end of the pressure balance hole 1 1 .
  • a through hole 31 is provided in the explosion-proof piston along a direction perpendicular to the movement of the explosion-proof piston. That is to say, the explosion-proof piston conducts the explosion passage through the through hole, so that the explosion passage does not damage the pressure balance hole and the compression spring at both ends of the explosion-proof piston.
  • the explosion-proof piston 3 is a stepped shaft shape with internal through holes for easy processing and installation.
  • the through hole 31 of the explosion-proof piston 3 is disposed in the wall 30 of the explosion-proof piston 3.
  • the through hole 31 is elongated, for example, elliptical, and the bottom surface is elliptical.
  • the length of the through hole 31 in the moving direction of the explosion-proof piston is greater than the width W of the through-hole, for example, the length-to-width ratio is 2:1.
  • the explosion-proof piston has to achieve normal explosion under the condition of ensuring abnormal handling and realizing the detonation.
  • the through hole 31 of the explosion-proof piston is elongated (the bottom is elliptical). The large explosion area, the explosion energy loss is small, the explosion-proof ability is ensured, and the explosion performance is improved.
  • the elastic device has a prestress value of 5 MPa. That is, when the underground liquid level is below 500m (pressure is about 5MPa), the explosion-proof piston overcomes the spring pre-stress to generate displacement, which makes the explosion passage clear, which provides sufficient guarantee for the safety of the ground.

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Abstract

一种起爆安全装置，所述起爆安全装置包括：射孔起爆安全装置本体（1）；传爆通路（5），设置在所述射孔起爆安全装置本体（1）中；防爆活塞（3），能移动的设置在所述射孔起爆安全装置本体（1）中，切换所述传爆通路（5）的通断；弹性装置（2），设置在所述射孔起爆安全装置本体（1）中，并且连接所述防爆活塞（3）；所述防爆活塞（3）的移动方向与所述传爆通路（5）的方向不相同。该装置代替了传统油管输送射孔工艺中所使用的安全夹层枪，其施工简单，节约射孔成本，安全系数高，现场施工有效率高。

Description

技术领域
本发明涉及一种起爆安全装置， 应用于射孔现场施工过程中， 防止起爆器意外发 火时射孔弹爆炸对井口操作人员造成伤害。 背景技术
在现场施工中， 当复合射孔防砂枪连接起爆器 、 防砂射孔管柱即进入起爆工作状 态。传统的油管输送射孔工艺是在起爆器与射孔枪之间加入一段安全夹层枪以防止起爆 器意外发火时射孔弹爆炸对井口操作人员造成伤害， 但如果起爆器意外发火时， 即使有 安全夹层枪的保护， 仍存在一定的爆轰波和噪声的伤害， 对井口操作人员仍有一定的影 响和威胁。 。 虽然安全夹层枪使得井口操作人员与射孔枪的距离增加了 （安全夹层枪的 长度至少为 5、 6米左右才能起到有效的安全作用） ， 但是仍然不能防止起爆器意外发 火而导致的射孔弹爆炸， 不能防止在设定的时间和地点之外的射孔弹爆炸。 这种在设定 的时间和地点之外的射孔弹爆炸会损坏井下设施， 安全系数低。
另外， 由于安全夹层枪还要设置连接起爆器和复合射孔防砂枪的导爆索， 安全夹层 枪中的导爆索的长度也为 5或 6米， 安全夹层枪要将起爆器的起爆传到射孔枪， 至少 ¾ 要经过这 5、 6米长的导爆索或导火索， 由于导爆索越长， 导爆的成功率越低， 所以， 传统的安全夹层枪还会导致导爆成功率低的问题。 发明内容
本发明提供一种起爆安全装置， 目的是解决现有技术不能防止在设定的时间和地点 之外的射孔弹爆炸的问题。 本发明的目的是实现既能在井下可靠传爆， 又能消除下井过 程中的安全隐患， 保障井场施工人员及设备的安全。
为此， 本发明提出一种起爆安全装置， 所述起爆安全装置包括： 射孔起爆安全装置 本体； 传爆通路， 设置在所述射孔起爆安全装置本体中； 防爆活塞， 能平移的设置在所 述射孔起爆安全装置本体中， 切换所述传爆通路的通断； 并 所述防爆活塞上设有防 止所述防爆活塞在所述射孔起爆安全装置本体中翻转的限位结构； 弹性装置， 设置在 所述射孔起爆安全装置本体中， 并且连接所述防爆活塞； 所述防爆活塞的移动方向与所 述传爆通路的方向不相同。
进一步地， 所述射孔起爆安全装置本体中开设有与所述防爆活塞连通的压力平衡 孔， 所述压力平衡孔延伸到所述射孔起爆安全装置本体的外表面。
进一步地， 所述压力平衡孔与弹性装置分别位千所述防爆活塞的两端。
进一步地， 所述压力平衡孔上设有防砂筛网。
进一步地， 所述弹性装置为压缩弹簧， 所述压缩弹簧抵压在防爆活塞的端部， 所述 传爆通路的第一端连接起爆器， 所述起爆安全装置还包括： 传爆组件， 设置在所述传爆 通路中； 所述防爆活塞位于所述起爆器与所述传爆组件之间。
进一步地， 所述防爆活塞的移动方向与所述传爆通路的方向相互垂直。
进一步地， 沿垂直所述防爆活塞的移动方向， 所述防爆活塞中设有通孔， 所述通孔 为长条形， 在垂直所述传爆通路的截面上， 所述通孔沿所述防爆活塞的移动方向的长度 大于所述通孔的宽度。
进一步地， 所述射孔起爆安全装置本体中设有防爆活塞的活动空间， 所述防爆活塞 设置在所述防爆活塞的活动空间中， 所述防爆活塞的活动空间为扁平的空腔， 所述防爆 活塞为扁平的， 所述防止防爆活塞翻转的限位结构包括： 防爆活塞的第一限位面和防爆 活塞的第二限位面， 所述第一限位面和所述第二限位面相互平行并且均为平面。
进一步地， 所述起爆安全装置的第一端连接起爆器， 所述起爆器连接筛管， 所述起 爆安全装置的第二端连接复合射孔防砂枪。
进一步地， 所述射孔起爆安全装置本体的长度为不超过 0. 5米。
本发明利用弹性装置的预应力， 在不起爆时， 使防爆活塞断开传爆通路， 避免外 界因素引起意外传爆。 当该装置在地面咏 由于无外界压力， 防爆活塞将传爆通路堵塞， 此时即便有外力作用使防砂起爆器意外发火， 也不会引发射孔弹爆炸， 保障井场操作人 员的安全。 当射孔起爆安全装置下至井下液面 500m约 5MPa以下时， 防爆活塞克服弹簧 预应力产生位移， 使传爆通路打开， 在起爆器发火后， 产生的爆轰引发传爆序列及射孔 弹。 如果起爆器拒爆， 带有起爆安全装置的管串提至井下液面 500m约 5MPa以上 ， 防 爆活塞被弹簧预应力推动， 产生位移, 使传爆通路堵断， 即使起爆器意外发火， 产生的 爆轰被隔爆活塞阻断， 无法引爆。
本发明代替了传统油管输送射孔工艺中所使用的安全夹层枪，现有技术的安全夹层 枪只是起到增加操作人员与复合射孔防砂枪的安全距离，不能阻止复合射孔防砂枪因为 起爆器的意外引爆而发生的爆炸 （射孔）， 不能保证井下设施的安全， 而本申请则可以 阻止复合射孔防砂枪的意外爆炸， 既可以保证人员安全， 还可以保证复合射孔防砂枪在 不该爆炸的时候的爆炸 （射孔）， 保证井下设施的安全。
由于起爆安全装置属于开关式控制装置， 或者说起爆安全装置形成导爆的开关， 这 样， 起爆安全装置无需很长， 例如在 0. 5米之内， 本发明较现有技术的安全夹层枪， 结 构紧凑， 能够将整个导爆管柱 （包括 1米左右长的筛管、 0. 3米左右的起爆器和 6米左 右的安全夹层枪） 减少 5米左右， 变为整个管柱 （包括 1米左右长的筛管、 0. 3米左右 的起爆器和 0. 5米左右的射孔起爆安全装置） 的长度钗为 2米以内， 安装 0. 5米的起爆 安全装置比安装 6米长的夹层枪方便多了， 方便运输， 可以实现现场一个人安装， 其施 工简单， 节约射孔成本 （0. 5米的起爆安全装置比 6米长的安全夹层枪制造成本低） ， 安全系数高， 现场施工有效率高。
另外， 本发明无需设置较长的隔爆距离， 因而减少了导爆索的长度， 导爆索 （位于 传爆组件中） 由 5、 6米减少至 0. 2至 0. 3米的范围内， 解决了传统的安全夹层枪导爆 成功率低的问题， 将导爆的成功率提高了 20至 30倍。 该装置满足油井射孔防砂的安全 需求， 既能在井下可靠传爆， 又能消除下井过程中的安全隐患， 保障井场施工人员及设 备的安全。 图说明
本发明所采用的具体实施例， 将由以下的实施例及附图作进一步的说明， 其中： 图 1为本发明实施例的起爆安全装置的内部结构示意图， 其中， 防爆活塞断开传爆 通路；
图 2为本发明实施例的起爆安全装置的内部结构示意图， 其中， 防爆活塞接通传爆 通路；
图 3为本发明实施例的起爆安全装置与起爆器和复合射孔防砂枪的连接结构； 图 4为本发明实施例的防爆活塞的主视结构；
图 5为本发明实施例的防爆活塞的倒视结构；
图 6为本发明实施例的防爆活塞的俯视结构。
^图标号说明；
1 射孔起爆安全装置本体 2 弹性装置 3 防爆活塞 4传爆组件 5传爆通路 6起爆安全装置 7起爆器 8筛管 9射孔枪 （或复合射孔防砂枪） 11压力平衡孔 13防爆活塞的活动空间 30防爆活塞的壁体 31通孔 34弹簧的支持台 36 防 爆活塞的杆体 381、 第一限位面 382、 第二限位面 51传爆通路的第一端 52传爆 通路的第二端 1 10防砂筛网
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现对照附图说明本发明。 如图 1所示， 根据本发明实施例的一种起爆安全装置包括： 射孔起爆安全装置本体 1 ; 传爆通路 5， 设置在所述射孔起爆安全装置本体 1中； 如图 3， 所述传爆通路 5的第 一端 51连接起爆器 7, 起爆器 7用千发火； 传爆组件 4, 其中间的部分是导爆索， 两端 的内部是传爆管， 传爆管外面的是固定胶塞， 传爆组件 4设置在所述传爆通路中， 用于 将起爆器的发火传到复合射孔防砂枪或射孔枪 9; 防爆活塞 3 , 能平移的设置在所述射 孔起爆安全装置本体中， 例如， 设置在防爆活塞的活动空间 13 中， （防爆活塞的活动 空间 13例如为设置在射孔起爆安全装置本体 1中的空腔或通道或孔） 切换所述传爆通 路的通断， 形成传爆的开关， 起到控制开关的作用； 弹性装置 2, 设置在所述射孔起爆 安全装置本体 1中， 并且连接所述防爆活塞 3; 所述防爆活塞 3的移动方向与所述传爆 通路的方向不相同 （即不平行、 也不相反） 。
其中， 射孔起爆安全装置本体 1可以为圆筒状， 具有内部腔体， 以容纳传爆通路、 防爆活塞 3和弹性装置 2。 防爆活塞 3是通过弹性装置的预应力与起爆时所需的工作条 件下， 防爆活塞 3所受的外力 （来自射孔起爆安全装置本体以外， 例如为井下压力） 的 两方面力量综合的作用下， 进行移动的。 当弹性装置的预应力大于起爆时所需的工作条 件下防爆活塞 3所受的外力，防爆活塞则会断开传爆通路，避免外界因素引起意外传爆; 当起爆 ff†所需的工作条件下防爆活塞 3所受的外力大于弹性装置的预应力， 防爆活塞则 会驱使弹性装置位置变化， 导通传爆通路， 使起爆产生的爆轰引发传爆序列及射孔弹的 工作。
本发明利用弹性装置的预应力， 在不起爆时， 使防爆活塞断开传爆通路， 避免外界 因素引起意外传爆。 当该装置在地面时， 由于无外界压力， 防爆活塞将传爆通路堵塞， 此时即便有外力作用使防砂起爆器意外发火， 也不会引发射孔弹， 保障井场操作人员的 安全。 当射孔起爆安全装置下至井下液面时， 防爆活塞克服弹簧预应力产生位移， 使传 爆通路打开， 在起爆器发火后， 产生的爆轰引发传爆序列及射孔弹工作。 如果起爆器拒 爆， 带有起爆安全装置的管串提至起来时， 防爆活塞被弹簧预应力推动， 产生位移， 使 传爆通路堵断， 即使起爆器意外发火， 产生的爆轰被隔爆活塞阻断， 无法引爆。 为了防止防爆活塞 3在所述射孔起爆安全装置本体 1 中翻转， 本发明设置了限位 结构， 以避免因防爆活塞 3的翻转所带来的影响传爆通路的导通面积的情况。 例如， 防 爆活塞通过通孔 31导通传爆通路。 如果防爆活塞 3在安装或下入到井下的过程中发生 转动， 会导致通孔 31 不能正对着传爆通路， 影响传爆性能。 所以本发明实施例中， 把 防爆活塞设计成扁平形， 截面为椀圆的柱体， 用自身的结构消除了旋转的可能。
如图 6, 所述防爆活塞的活动空间 13为扁平的空腔， 所述防爆活塞 3也为扁平的， 所述防止防爆活塞翻转的限位结构包括： 防爆活塞的第一限位面 381和防爆活塞的第二 限位面 382，所述第一限位面 381和所述第二限位面 382相互平行并 ϋ均为平面，这样， 防爆活塞 3通过第一限位面 381和所述第二限位面 382的限位， 并且受防爆活塞的活动 空间 13的扁平形状的限位， 防爆活塞 3只能在射孔起爆安全装置本体 1中平移或滑动, 不能转动， 这样的限位方式加工简单， 不影响滑动。
传爆组件 4,为杆状或管状或柱状，其中间的部分是导爆索，两端的内部是传爆管， 传爆管外面的是固定胶塞。
固定胶塞： 起到减震和固定的作用， 防止传爆组件在使用中， 因为震动或者别的 原因， 导致传爆管不居中， 上下滑动， 影响传爆性能。
传爆管： 传爆管装有耐高温的高感度传爆药， 例如， 传爆管装有比上节导爆索灵 敏度更高的传爆药或传爆管装有比上节导爆索更灵敏的高感度传爆药，接受上节导爆索 传递来的爆轰波， 并在该处（传爆管中）有放大作用， 可解决装配空位对爆轰波的衰减， 使下节导爆索正常引爆。
由于在传爆通路中加入的防爆活塞， 增加了传爆间距， 爆炸能量在传递过程中， 能量损耗增大， 为了克服上述困难， 所以本发明在设计起爆安全装置时考虑引入了传爆 管， 从而解决了上述难题。
进一步地， 所述弹性装置 2为压缩弹簧， 所述压缩弹簧抵压在防爆活塞的端部。 如 图 4、 图 5和图 6所示， 压缩弹簧套设在防爆活塞的杆体 36上， 防爆活塞 3还具有弹簧 的支持台 34, 弹簧的支持台 34与防爆活塞的秆体 36连接形成弹簧座， 支撑压缩弹簧。 这样， 结构简单， 性能稳定， 成本低， 安全系数高。 本发明中， 防爆活塞的默认状态是 断开传爆通路， 采用压缩弹簧能够使防爆活塞稳定的断开传爆通路， 相对于其他弹性装 置， 压缩弹簧性能更稳定， 使用寿命更长， 而 ϋ压缩弹簧还有减震作用， 能够在井下操 作的过程中， 缓冲收到的冲击， 不会因意外碰撞而导致射孔弹爆炸。
进一步地， 如图 1和图 2, 所述防爆活塞 3的移动方向与所述传爆通路的方向相互 垂直。 这样， 防爆活塞 3能够以最快捷的路径切换传爆通路的通断。 由于采用这种快捷 方式的隔爆， 所述射孔起爆安全装置本体的长度 L为不超过 0. 5米， 其中， 通孔 31的 轴向长度（沿传爆通路 5方向的长度， 或者为通孔 31的深度） 为 0. 03米以内， 例如为 0' 02米、 0. 025米或 0. 015米 （优选的数值为; 通孔 31的轴向长度为 0. 015米, 纵向 高度为 0. 007米） 。
为在有效距离内能够接受起爆器的爆轰， 传爆组件 4的长度（沿传爆通路 5方向的 长度） 为 0. 4米以内， 例如为 0. 2至 0. 3米（可以选择 0. 3米或 0. 3米） ， 减少了导爆 索的长度， 提高了导爆的成功率， 使得整体结构紧凑， 便于井下操作。
进一步地， 如图 1和图 2, 所述射孔起爆安全装置本体 1中开设有与所述防爆活塞 连通的压力平衡孔 11，所述压力平衡孔 11延伸到所述射孔起爆安全装置本体的外表面。 压力平衡孔例如为通孔，直接与防爆活塞 3连通，直接将井下压力体现在防爆活塞 3上。
通过压力平衡孔， 可以利用井下压力的变化， 来实现对防爆活塞 3位置的控制， 这 样， 充分利用了自然力， 无需人工刻意施加机械力或驱动力， 在达到起爆时所需的工作 条件下， 防爆活塞 3会自动导通传爆通路， 这时已处于井下的工作状态， 不会对井场施 工人员及设备的安全造成威胁。
进一步地，如图 1和图 2，所述压力平衡孔 11与弹性装置 2分别位千所述防爆活塞 3的两端。使防爆活塞 3分别在两端受不同方向的力， 这样， 结构紧凑， 布置均匀合理, 不影响射孔起爆安全装置本体 1的强度，不会影响位于射孔起爆安全装置本体 1中的传 爆组件、 起爆器的性能。
进一步地， 所述压力平衡孔 11上设有防砂筛网 110, 防止砂粒进入压力平衡孔 11 中影响防爆活塞 3的受力， 例如防止砂粒进入到与压力平衡孔 11连通的防爆活塞的活 动空间 13中。防爆活塞的活动空间 13位于安全装置本体 1中并与压力平衡孔 11连通。 防爆活塞靠近压力平衡孔的那端由反扣螺母限位， 反扣螺母的上下两端至少有一面焊接 有一层防砂筛网， 图 1和图 2中， 防砂筛网 110位于防爆活塞的活动空间 13 (防爆活塞 的活动空间 13为空腔或空槽结构）的顶端或者防砂筛网 110位于压力平衡孔 1 1的底端。
进一步地， 如图 1和图 2, 沿垂直所述防爆活塞的移动方向， 所述防爆活塞中设有 通孔 31。也就是说， 防爆活塞通过该通孔导通传爆通路， 这样， 传爆通路不会对防爆活 塞两端的压力平衡孔和压缩弹簧产生破坏。 防爆活塞 3为具有内部通孔的阶梯轴形状， 便于加工和安装。 防爆活塞 3的通孔 31设置在防爆活塞 3的壁体 30中。
如图 4、 图 5和图 6所示， 所述通孔 31为长条形， 例如为椭圆形， （底面为椭圆的 柱体形孔） 在垂直所述传爆通路的截面上， 所述通孔 31 沿所述防爆活塞的移动方向的 长度 K大于所述通孔的宽度 W， 例如长宽比例为 2 : 1。 防爆活塞在保证处理异常情况， 实现阻爆的条件下， 还得实现正常传爆， 相对于圆形的传爆通路， 防爆活塞的通孔 31 为长条形 （底面为椭圆形） 是为了增大传爆面积， 爆炸能量损耗少， 保证传爆能力， 提 高了传爆性能。这样， 能够在满足井下压力的条件下充分实现导爆的功能， 即使通孔 31 没有对正起爆器， 或者通孔 31与起爆器错位， 只要通孔 31使传爆通路 5连通， 都会成 功的导爆。
进一步地， 所述弹性装置的预应力数值为 5MPa。 也就是， 在井下液面 500m (压力 大约 5MPa) 以下时， 防爆活塞克服弹簧预应力产生位移， 使传爆通路畅通， 这为地面的 安全提供了充足的保证。
以上所述钗为本发明示意性的具体实施方式， 并非用以限定本发明的范围。 为本发 明的各组成部分在不冲突的条件下可以相互组合， 任何本领域的技术人员， 在不脱离本 发明的构思和原则的前提下所作出的等同变化与修改， 均应属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims

权利要求书
一种起爆安全装置， 其特征在于， 所述起爆安全装置包括- 射孔起爆安全装置本体；
传爆通路， 设置在所述射孔起爆安全装置本体中；
防爆活塞， 能平移的设置在所述射孔起爆安全装置本体中， 切换所述传爆通路的 通断； 并且， 所述防爆活塞上设有防止所述防爆活塞在所述射孔起爆安全装置本体中翻 转的限位结构；
弹性装置， 设置在所述射孔起爆安全装置本体中， 并 ϋ连接所述防爆活塞； 所述防爆活塞的移动方向与所述传爆通路的方向不相同。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的起爆安全装置， 其特征在于， 所述射孔起爆安全装置本体 中开设有与所述防爆活塞连通的压力平衡孔，所述压力平衡孔延伸到所述射孔起爆安全 装置本体的外表面。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的起爆安全装置， 其特征在于， 所述压力平衡孔与弹性装置 分别位于所述防爆活塞的两端。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的起爆安全装置， 其特征在于， 所述压力平衡孔上设有防砂 筛网。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的起爆安全装置， 其特征在于， 所述弹性装置为压縮弹簧， 所述压缩弹簧抵压在防爆活塞的端部， 所述传爆通路的第一端连接起爆器， 所述起爆安 全装置还包括： 传爆组件， 设置在所述传爆通路中； 所述防爆活塞位于所述起爆器与所 述传爆组件之间。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的起爆安全装置， 其特征在于， 所述防爆活塞的移动方向与 所述传爆通路的方向相互垂直。
7、 如权利要求 1所述的起爆安全装置， 其特征在千， 沿垂直所述防爆活塞的移动 方向， 所述防爆活塞中设有通孔， 所述通孔为长条形， 在垂直所述传爆通路的截面上， 所述通孔沿所述防爆活塞的移动方向的长度大于所述通孔的宽度。
8、 如权利要求 1所述的起爆安全装置， 其特征在于， 所述射孔起爆安全装置本体 中设有防爆活塞的活动空间， 所述防爆活塞设置在所述防爆活塞的活动空间中， 所述防 爆活塞的活动空间为扁平的空腔， 所述防爆活塞为扁平的， 所述防止防爆活塞翻转的限 位结构包括： 防爆活塞的第一限位面和防爆活塞的第二限位面， 所述第一限位面和所述 第二限位面相互平行并 ϋ均为平面。
9、 如权利要求 5所述的起爆安全装置， 其特征在于， 起爆安全装置的第一端连接 起爆器， 所述起爆器连接筛管， 起爆安全装置的第二端连接复合射孔防砂检。
10、 如权利要求 1 所述的起爆安全装置， 其特征在于， 所述射孔起爆安全装置本 体的长度为不超过 0. 5米。
PCT/CN2013/083992 2013-09-23 2013-09-23 起爆安全装置 WO2015039346A1 (zh)

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CN2244095Y (zh) * 1995-12-08 1997-01-01 胜利石油管理局测井公司 自动控制导爆隔爆装置
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