WO2015036100A1 - Procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de pile à combustible - Google Patents

Procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de pile à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015036100A1
WO2015036100A1 PCT/EP2014/002390 EP2014002390W WO2015036100A1 WO 2015036100 A1 WO2015036100 A1 WO 2015036100A1 EP 2014002390 W EP2014002390 W EP 2014002390W WO 2015036100 A1 WO2015036100 A1 WO 2015036100A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
cell stack
average voltage
bypass valve
air
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/002390
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Björn LIPPOTH
Sven Schmalzriedt
Original Assignee
Daimler Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler Ag filed Critical Daimler Ag
Publication of WO2015036100A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015036100A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
    • B60L50/72—Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04544—Voltage
    • H01M8/04552—Voltage of the individual fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04544—Voltage
    • H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04865—Voltage
    • H01M8/04873—Voltage of the individual fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04865—Voltage
    • H01M8/0488—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a fuel cell system according to the closer defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to the use of such a method.
  • Fuel cell systems in particular fuel cell systems for providing electric drive power for vehicles, are known from the general state of the art. Frequently, flow machines or flow compressors are used in such fuel cell systems for supplying air to supply the fuel cell on the cathode side with air as an oxygen supplier.
  • the flow compressors can be coupled in a preferred manner with a turbine, as described for example in DE 101 20 947 A1. In addition to the freewheel described there with an upstream second electric motor driven
  • the object of the present invention is now to provide a method for operating a fuel cell system in the construction specified in the preamble of claim 1, which efficiently counteracts this problem of degradation.
  • control or regulation is such that the system bypass valve is always opened or closed so far that a predetermined limit of the average
  • the system bypass valve or blow-off valve which is typically present anyway, is now controlled in a voltage-dependent manner.
  • the amount of air necessarily conveyed due to the minimum rotational speed of the flow compressor can at least partially flow through the system bypass and the system bypass valve. This arrives on the cathode side of the
  • Fuel cell stack no or only a much smaller amount of air.
  • the process control can be designed as a control, so that the degree of opening of the system bypass valve depending on the detected average voltage is constantly adjusted. On the other hand, it is also conceivable that a pure control is realized, that is, depending on the measured voltage, a degree of opening of the system bypass valve matching this voltage is set. On a concrete feedback, as it is characteristic of the scheme, can then be omitted to simplify the structure.
  • the control allows in contrast to the control of a higher accuracy, but is also associated with the corresponding higher cost.
  • the average voltage per individual cell is kept below the predetermined limit value first by loading the fuel cell stack with an electrical load, after which the system bypass valve is not activated until there is no or too little decrease in power Dependence of the average voltage per single cell the fuel cell stack is controlled.
  • the system bypass valve is not activated until there is no or too little decrease in power Dependence of the average voltage per single cell the fuel cell stack is controlled.
  • the fuel cell stack is first loaded with an electrical load to keep the average voltage per single cell below a critical limit.
  • Fuel cell system or a vehicle equipped with him useful can be stored in a battery, this is done. Only if no
  • control according to the invention does not start until the fuel cell system is idle in order to save unnecessary expenditure with regard to the acquisition of measured values or the like.
  • variables which are electrically related to the voltage such as the current or the average current or the power or the average power as input variables. These can either be used directly or can be related by their relationship to the voltage
  • the flow compressor can be a
  • Actuate flow compressor of a turbocharger which is constructed for example in the manner described in the aforementioned prior art as an idler, or which is part of a so-called electric turbocharger.
  • the flow compressor it would equally well be conceivable for the flow compressor to be used as the sole flow compressor, so that a turbine in the fuel cell system is completely dispensed with.
  • the method described provides a simple and efficient way to avoid the mechanisms of degradation and to allow a long life of the fuel cell stack.
  • Vehicles subjected to conventional driving. Vehicles are characterized, in particular when used for example in city traffic, the fact that they are often operated at idle, as they roll out, for example, stand at a traffic light or the like. All of these situations are potentially critical to the life of the fuel cell, as this can lead to the problems described in detail above. Since the inventive method with minimal effort is able to counteract these problems, it is particularly suitable for use in such fuel cell systems, which operated relatively dynamically be, and which often must be used in idle mode, of particular advantage.
  • a vehicle 1 can be seen. This is driven by an electric drive motor 2 indicated by way of example by wheels 4 of the vehicle 1 driven via an axle 3 being moved.
  • the electrical power for the electric drive motor 2 thereby supplies a fuel cell system 5, which is indicated by way of example in the vehicle 1. In essence, this exists
  • anode space 7 and a cathode space 8 in the fuel cell stack 6 are each shown
  • Hydrogen is supplied from a compressed gas reservoir 9 via a pressure regulating and metering unit 10 to the anode compartment 7. Unused hydrogen passes to the anode chamber 7 via a recirculation line 11 and a
  • Recirculation conveyor 12 back and is mixed with fresh hydrogen supplied to the anode compartment 7 again.
  • the recirculation conveyor 12 is shown here by way of example as a hydrogen recirculation fan. It could just as well be designed as a gas jet pump, or as a combination of a fan and a gas jet pump.
  • anode circuit around the anode compartment 7 water and nitrogen accumulate over time, which diffuses through the membranes of the fuel cell from the cathode compartment 8 into the anode compartment 7.
  • a water separator 13 can be seen in the illustration of the figure by way of example, which has a drain valve 14.
  • the cathode side is supplied with air as an oxygen supplier. The air is, for example, via an air filter, not shown here of a
  • Flow compressor 15 is possible, but this is not absolutely necessary and is known from the general state of the art, so that its illustration has been omitted here.
  • membranes which may be formed, for example, as flat membranes or hollow fiber membranes leave
  • a line 19 with a so-called system bypass valve 20 can now also be seen.
  • the system bypass valve 20 will typically be closed during normal operation.
  • hydrogen is metered into the anode circuit via the pressure regulating and metering unit 10, and according to the power requirement by the electric drive motor 2 of the vehicle 1, which is ultimately predetermined by an occupant of the vehicle 1, for example by an accelerator pedal position, electric power will be generated in the vehicle
  • Fuel cell stack 6 generated. About indicated electrical lines 21 passes this power in the range of power electronics 22, which this accordingly treated and passes on to the electric traction motor 2. About the power electronics 22, the electric machine 18 of the electric turbocharger is also supplied with power when needed. Surplus power, or during braking of the vehicle in the regenerative operation of the electric drive motor 2 resulting power can be stored in an electrical energy storage device 23, for example, a high-voltage battery, a plurality of high-performance capacitors or a combination thereof.
  • an electrical energy storage device 23 for example, a high-voltage battery, a plurality of high-performance capacitors or a combination thereof.
  • Fuel cell system 5 provide. Will he be idling the
  • flow compressor 15 with a predetermined minimum speed now ensures that in the corresponding operating situations, air in the cathode compartment 8 of the
  • Fuel cell stack 6 is promoted, although this is not really desirable. If a sufficient decrease in performance can be ensured, it can be achieved, for example, by a decrease in power consumption for auxiliary consumers in the vehicle 1 or
  • Storing the power in the electrical energy storage 23 can be prevented that the voltage potentials on the individual cells undesirably increase. If such a decrease in performance is not possible, for example, because insufficient
  • a mean voltage per individual cell is determined via the power electronics 22, which knows at least the voltage of the fuel cell stack 6 anyway. Ideally, this is done by dividing the total voltage of the fuel cell stack 6 by the number of installed
  • Fuel cell stack 6 now a critical value in terms of degradation, then via a control electronics, which in the illustrated here
  • Fuel cell system 5 minimal over its service life, but allows prevention of degradation and thus a very gentle handling of the fuel cell stack 6. This results in a significant increase in life achieved, which provides a significant additional advantage over the minimum loss of efficiency accepted in this.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de pile à combustible (5) comprenant au moins un empilage de piles à combustible (6), constitué d'éléments individuels, qui est alimenté côté cathode, par le biais d'un turbocompresseur (15), en air servant de fournisseur d'oxygène, et qui possède une conduite (19) équipée d'une vanne de dérivation du système (20) entre le côté admission d'air en aval du turbocompresseur (15) et le côté évacuation d'air. L'invention est caractérisée en ce que la vanne de dérivation du système (20) est commandée ou régulée en fonction de la tension moyenne aux bornes de chaque élément individuel de l'empilage de piles à combustible (6) de façon que cette tension moyenne ne dépasse pas une valeur limite prédéfinie.
PCT/EP2014/002390 2013-09-10 2014-09-03 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de pile à combustible WO2015036100A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013014959.2 2013-09-10
DE102013014959.2A DE102013014959A1 (de) 2013-09-10 2013-09-10 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015036100A1 true WO2015036100A1 (fr) 2015-03-19

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ID=51662036

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2014/002390 WO2015036100A1 (fr) 2013-09-10 2014-09-03 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de pile à combustible

Country Status (2)

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DE (1) DE102013014959A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015036100A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113428050A (zh) * 2021-06-24 2021-09-24 一汽解放汽车有限公司 一种氢燃料电池的主驱动架构及其响应控制方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017214974A1 (de) 2017-08-28 2019-02-28 Audi Ag Verfahren zum Schutz von Einzelzellen, Brennstoffzellensystem und Kraftfahrzeug
DE102017220135A1 (de) * 2017-11-13 2019-05-16 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Steuereinheit zum Betreiben einer Brennstoffzelle in einem Fahrzeug

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070269695A1 (en) * 2004-04-08 2007-11-22 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel Cell System
US20090269628A1 (en) * 2005-10-21 2009-10-29 Hiroyuki Imanishi Fuel cell system, estimation device of amount of anode gas to be generated and estimation method of amount of anode gas to be generated
US20100068575A1 (en) * 2007-03-12 2010-03-18 Kota Manabe Fuel cell system
US20100151288A1 (en) * 2008-12-16 2010-06-17 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Method of operating a fuel cell system in standby/regenerative mode
WO2011015282A1 (fr) * 2009-08-05 2011-02-10 Daimler Ag Procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de piles à combustible dans un véhicule
US20120015270A1 (en) * 2009-07-30 2012-01-19 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel cell system
DE102013100400A1 (de) * 2012-02-13 2013-08-14 Gm Global Technology Operations, Llc Reaktantenregelungsverfahren für ein Brennstoffzellensystem im Leerlauf-Stopp-Betrieb

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10120947A1 (de) 2001-04-22 2002-10-24 Daimler Chrysler Ag Brennstoffzellen-Luftversorgung

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070269695A1 (en) * 2004-04-08 2007-11-22 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel Cell System
US20090269628A1 (en) * 2005-10-21 2009-10-29 Hiroyuki Imanishi Fuel cell system, estimation device of amount of anode gas to be generated and estimation method of amount of anode gas to be generated
US20100068575A1 (en) * 2007-03-12 2010-03-18 Kota Manabe Fuel cell system
US20100151288A1 (en) * 2008-12-16 2010-06-17 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Method of operating a fuel cell system in standby/regenerative mode
US20120015270A1 (en) * 2009-07-30 2012-01-19 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel cell system
WO2011015282A1 (fr) * 2009-08-05 2011-02-10 Daimler Ag Procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de piles à combustible dans un véhicule
DE102013100400A1 (de) * 2012-02-13 2013-08-14 Gm Global Technology Operations, Llc Reaktantenregelungsverfahren für ein Brennstoffzellensystem im Leerlauf-Stopp-Betrieb

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113428050A (zh) * 2021-06-24 2021-09-24 一汽解放汽车有限公司 一种氢燃料电池的主驱动架构及其响应控制方法

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