EP4150688A1 - Appareil d'alimentation en air pour systèmes de pile à combustible et système de pile à combustible - Google Patents

Appareil d'alimentation en air pour systèmes de pile à combustible et système de pile à combustible

Info

Publication number
EP4150688A1
EP4150688A1 EP21727091.7A EP21727091A EP4150688A1 EP 4150688 A1 EP4150688 A1 EP 4150688A1 EP 21727091 A EP21727091 A EP 21727091A EP 4150688 A1 EP4150688 A1 EP 4150688A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
air supply
air
compressor
supply device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21727091.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Philipp Hausmann
Oliver Harr
Benjamin Pieck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cellcentric GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Cellcentric GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cellcentric GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Cellcentric GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP4150688A1 publication Critical patent/EP4150688A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04761—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell exhausts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an air supply device for fuel cell systems according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a fuel cell system which is supplied via this.
  • Fuel cell systems are known so far from the prior art.
  • Flow compressors some of which are electrically driven, are often used for their air supply. It is very often the case that a turbine is arranged on one side of an electric motor and a compressor on the other.
  • This structure which is also referred to as an electric turbocharger or engine-assisted turbocharger, is often used because it is able to recover residual energy from the exhaust gases.
  • an electric turbocharger or engine-assisted turbocharger is often used because it is able to recover residual energy from the exhaust gases.
  • it has the disadvantage that an uneven load on the bearings occurs, since the forces acting in the area of the compressor and the forces acting in the area of the turbine differ greatly in some cases. This leads to increased friction in the area of the axial bearing.
  • quite complex and expensive axial bearings are necessary, in the area of which, nevertheless, undesirably high power losses can hardly be avoided.
  • Further structures can also be designed as two-stage compressors with an electric motor and two compressor wheels on the same shaft.
  • the load on the axial bearings is relatively high, as there are different pressure ratios and forces on the sides.
  • the generic WO 2019/096890 A2 solves this force imbalance in that two symmetrical compressor wheels are arranged on a common shaft with the electric drive motor. This allows the axial forces to be reduced significantly. Smaller axial bearings and much less friction in the area of these axial bearings are thus possible.
  • the object of the present invention is now to provide an improved air supply device for fuel cell systems according to the preamble of claim 1 and, moreover, an improved fuel cell system using this air supply device.
  • this object is achieved by an air supply device for fuel cell systems with the features in claim 1, and here in particular in the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • Advantageous refinements and developments of the air supply device result from the dependent claims.
  • a fuel cell system with the features in claim 7 solves the problem.
  • Advantageous refinements and developments of the fuel cell system result from the dependent claims.
  • the air supply device for fuel cell systems provides, in a manner comparable to that set out in the generic prior art, that a flow compressor is present, which is driven by an electric drive motor.
  • the flow compressor has two compressor wheels, which are designed essentially symmetrically and are arranged on a common shaft together with the electric drive motor arranged between them. According to the invention, it is now the case that the two compressor wheels are connected to two systems that are not pneumatically permanently connected.
  • This use of an electrically driven flow compressor with two essentially symmetrical compressor wheels of the type described in the prior art enables a significant relief of the axial bearings, which simplifies their construction and reduces friction. In the case of fuel cell applications in the vehicle sector and the power that is common there, up to 2 kW of power loss can be saved.
  • the air supply according to the invention can now be used in particular to, and so it is provided according to a very advantageous development of the air supply device, to supply two fuel cell systems separated from one another with air via the one common air supply device.
  • the fuel cell systems that are separate from one another can, for example, be two similar systems which are combined with one another as part of a modular structure, for example in order to provide the drive power required for a commercial vehicle. It would just as well be conceivable to jointly supply a fuel cell system and a further air-requiring system of any other type.
  • the two systems that are not pneumatically permanently connected to one another are a compressor side and a turbine side of a free-running turbocharger.
  • the air supply device with the two symmetrical compressor wheels thus supplies the compressor side of a freewheel via one compressor wheel, while the flow to its turbine is via the other compressor wheel.
  • This essentially creates a register charge, in which the electrically driven flow compressor, for example, turns on Provides a pressure level of 1.5 to 2.5 bar. This pressure then goes from the compressor wheel into the compressor side of the freewheel, which increases the pressure further, for example up to 4.5 bar to supply a fuel cell system.
  • the volume flow of the other compressor wheel reaches the turbine side of the freewheel and thus provides the energy that is required to drive the compressor side and to increase the pressure.
  • This structure is extremely simple and advantageous.
  • the freewheel can be designed in such a way that it can also freeze in the event that it can also freeze due to the very humid gases in a fuel cell system which can be supplied to it. Nevertheless, the air can now be blown through the compressor side of the freewheel to the fuel cell system via the one electrically driven compressor wheel, which is at least sufficient to start it and then thaw it.
  • the pneumatically not permanently connected systems can be controllably connected via a bypass line provided with a valve.
  • a controllable connection of the two otherwise not permanently connected systems makes it possible, for example, to provide a large volume flow at low pressure, in particular for the construction with the additional freewheel according to the embodiment variant described above.
  • a relatively high pressure can be achieved with a correspondingly lower volume flow. If the valve in the bypass line is opened more and more, more air gets to the compressor side and less to the turbine side. This enables a higher volume flow at lower pressure.
  • a very favorable development of the air supply device according to the invention can also provide that the free-running turbocharger is hydrodynamically supported.
  • Such a hydrodynamic bearing can be extremely simple and efficient and reduce the friction that arises in the high-speed turbocharger. It is particularly advantageous if water, for example the water that is already carried along or recovered from the system in the embodiment described above, is used to realize the hydrodynamic mounting of the free-running turbocharger.
  • the free-running turbocharger is particularly well suited to implement this hydrodynamic bearing. Even if there is a leak between the bearings and the exhaust air or the compressed air, this is relatively uncritical because this air, in the case of the exhaust air, is no longer used, so that the humidity does not interfere here, and in the case of the supply air is then moistened anyway, so that the moisture here is also not disturbing, but rather beneficial. There is thus a decisive difference to an electrically driven compressor, for example, which in the case of hydrodynamic storage above water in the event of a leak in the area of the electrics or electronics could get damp, which can lead to a massive risk of short circuits and is a serious disadvantage.
  • a fuel cell system with at least one fuel cell can provide that the air supply of the fuel cell takes place with at least part of the air from an air supply device according to the invention.
  • a fuel cell system can use the air supply device alone or together with another fuel cell system or some other system in order to receive its compressed and, ideally, already humidified supply air.
  • the cathode exhaust gas carries with it as a product of the reaction in the fuel cell is also introduced into the compressed supply air.
  • the recirculation rate of the oxygen-depleted exhaust air from the cathode side can be used to lower the oxygen content in the cathode, for example when there is little load.
  • Another very favorable embodiment of the fuel cell system can, in addition or as an alternative to this, provide that anode exhaust gas is recirculated, which occurs at least partially via a recirculation fan.
  • anode exhaust gas is recirculated, which occurs at least partially via a recirculation fan.
  • the variant of the fuel cell system according to the invention in this embodiment also provides that the recirculation fan has an exhaust air turbine which is driven by the exhaust gas of the fuel cell system, in particular the cathode exhaust air.
  • Such an exhaust air turbine which according to a very advantageous development of this idea is magnetically coupled to the recirculation fan, thus uses the residual energy in the exhaust gases of the fuel cell in order to drive the recirculation fan.
  • the pneumatic energy introduced is thus ideally used.
  • the hydrogen-carrying side of the structure also remains separated from the air-carrying side so that they can be reliably sealed against each other and there is no need to fear uncontrolled hydrogen leaks into the exhaust air.
  • FIG. 1 shows an air supply device according to the invention in a first possible embodiment
  • FIG. 2 shows an air supply device according to the invention in a second possible embodiment
  • FIG. 3 shows the air supply device according to the invention according to FIG. 2 in an alternative embodiment
  • FIG. 4 shows a possible embodiment of a fuel cell system with the air supply device according to FIG. 2 or 3;
  • FIG. 5 shows a fuel cell system analogous to that in FIG. 4 in an alternative development
  • FIG. 6 shows a detail from the illustration according to FIG. 5 with an exemplary system for using water in the fuel cell system.
  • an air supply device 1 for fuel cell systems 2, 3 is shown.
  • the air supply device essentially consists of an electric drive motor 4, which is arranged on a common shaft 5 with two compressor wheels 6, 7.
  • the compressor wheels 6, 7 are driven by the electric drive motor 4 arranged centrally between them on the shaft 5 and are designed essentially symmetrically. In this way, forces which act on the common shaft 5 in the axial direction are minimized. On the one hand, this helps to reduce friction losses and, on the other hand, allows a simple and efficient design of axial bearings. Air is sucked in by the compressor wheels 6, 7 via two separate or, optionally, as shown in dashed lines, a common suction path 8 and made available to the fuel cell system 2 by the compressor wheel 6 and to the fuel cell system 3 by the compressor wheel 7.
  • the fuel cell systems 2, 3 are designed independently of one another and can be, for example, identically designed fuel cell systems 2, 3 which are used to provide drive power in a commercial vehicle. For example, they can be designed in the way that a fuel cell system would be used alone to drive a passenger car, so that this fuel cell system is used twice for a commercial vehicle and is supplied with air via one and the same air supply device 1.
  • a common suction line 8 can be provided in which a common air filter (not shown here) is sufficient. It would just as well be conceivable to provide two separate air filters and suction lines 8.
  • the air supply device 1 is essentially constructed as described in the context of FIG. 1. It comprises the electric drive motor 4 and the two compressor wheels 6, 7. These are connected to the environment via two separate air supply lines 8 and suck in air accordingly. Driven by the electric drive motor 4, air is compressed in both compressor wheels 6, 7. From the compressor wheel 6, the compressed air arrives via a register line 9 to a compressor side 10 of a free-running turbocharger 11, which is also referred to as a free-wheel 11. In This freewheel 11 connects a common shaft 12 the compressor side 10 with a turbine side 13, which is connected to the pressure side of the compressor wheel 7 of the air supply device 1 and is accordingly driven by the air flow from this compressor wheel 7. After the turbine side 13 or its turbine, the expanded air flows, which was previously via a turbine line
  • FIG. 3 A further variant is shown in the illustration in FIG. 3, which is to be understood essentially analogously to the illustration in FIG.
  • a bypass line 15 with a valve 16 is provided, which enables part of the air that has been compressed via the compressor wheel 7 of the air supply device 1 to be conducted from the turbine line 14 into the register line 9.
  • a higher volume flow of air to the fuel cell system 2, 3 can be achieved, for example when the valve 16 is completely or partially open.
  • the air flow through the turbine side 13 of the freewheel 11 is correspondingly reduced, so that there is a higher volume flow but a lower pressure in the fuel cell system 2, 3.
  • valve 15 offers particular advantages with the valve 16, it is to be understood here purely as an option and can in principle also be omitted, as has already been explained in the illustration of FIG. Independently of this bypass line 15, and thus also usable in the structure according to FIG.
  • a suitable device for supplying liquid water at the end of the water line 18 and / or 18 ' liquid water can thus be introduced into the compressed volume flow, preferably atomized therein.
  • the correspondingly hot volume flow of compressed air after the compressor wheel 6 or the compressor side 10 is thereby cooled on the one hand and humidified on the other hand. Both are advantageous for the operation of the fuel cell system 2, 3, since the supply air should flow to the fuel cell system 2, 3 at a temperature of essentially no more than approx.
  • the fuel cell system 2, 3 is now shown in greater detail by way of example with some of its components.
  • the structure of the air supply device 1 and the freewheel 11 corresponds essentially to that from FIG. 3.
  • the fuel cell system 2, 3 comprises a fuel cell 19, which is typically a stack of individual cells.
  • An anode side 20 and a cathode side 21 are shown by way of example around this fuel cell stack 19.
  • the cathode side 21 is now supplied with air via an air supply line 22 via the air supply device 1 and the free rotor 11.
  • Exhaust air arrives via an exhaust air line 23 to a valve device labeled 24, wherein this valve device could also be referred to as an exhaust gas recirculation valve 24.
  • the exhaust air from the exhaust air line 23 can be wholly or partially returned via an exhaust air return line 25 to the register line 9 via this valve device 24, or via the section of the exhaust air line 23 labeled 23 'into the environment.
  • the anode side 20 is supplied with hydrogen from a compressed gas store 26. This hydrogen reaches the anode side 20 via a pressure regulating and metering device 27 and an optional gas jet pump 28.
  • Exhaust gas from the anode side 20 returns to the gas jet pump 28, if available, via a recirculation line labeled 29 in which a water separator 30 can be arranged is.
  • a recirculation fan 31 can be arranged in the recirculation line 29 in a manner known per se as an alternative or in addition to the gas jet pump 28.
  • a so-called blow-off valve or purge valve is arranged in the water separator 30 or alternatively in another area of the recirculation line 29, via which gas from the recirculation line 29, for example, as a function of time, as a function of the hydrogen concentration in the recirculation line 29 or also as a function of other parameters , optionally together with water from the water separator 30, is drained. This gets into the exhaust air line 23, and here either in the area 23 'of the exhaust air line or, as is optionally indicated, also in the area of the exhaust air line 23 in the flow direction of the exhaust air upstream of the exhaust gas recirculation valve 24.
  • bypass line 15 can be dispensed with or, correspondingly, in the variant embodiments of FIGS. 2, 4 and 5, the water reservoir 17 with the water lines 18, 18 'can also be provided.
  • the structure as it is in the Representations of Figures 2 ff. Is particularly suitable for supplying air to a single fuel cell system 2, 3. In the case of the use of several fuel cell systems, the structure from Figure 1 would be more suitable or the structure shown in Figures 2 ff. would have to be multiple be like the fuel cell systems 2, 3 themselves.
  • the already mentioned water reservoir 17 can, for example, be filled with water which is recovered from the system.
  • the fuel cell system 2, 3 typically has water separators, for example in the recirculation line 29, as can be seen in the illustration in FIG.
  • the water from this water separator can feed the water reservoir 17.
  • this can now be designed in the form of an insulated water tank 170 or - as shown - connected to such a tank. This is shown in the illustration of FIG. 6 with a dashed line. The entire water system connected to this water tank 170 is shown in dashed lines. The water is heated in the water tank 170.
  • waste heat from the fuel cell system 2, 3 can be used for heating.
  • waste heat which is present in the exhaust air of the turbine 13 of the free-running turbocharger 11 can be used to heat the water tank 170 accordingly.
  • the water stored therein ideally has a temperature of approx. 80 ° C., the water tank 170 has thermal insulation 171.
  • the water from the water tank 170 is then fed via a water pump 172 to a pressurized water distributor 173, for example in the form of a so-called common rail , directed.
  • the individual water lines then branch off from this system, which is under the corresponding pressure, with the water lines 18 and 18 ', which are already known from FIG Two-substance nozzle, the volume flow in the register line 9 and / or the supply air line 22 can be moistened accordingly.
  • These humidifiers 34, 35 can be operated electrically.
  • Two hydrodynamic bearings 36, 37 of the free-running turbocharger 11 are supplied with water via two further water lines 174 and 175, so that the latter is, as it were, water-mounted.
  • the structure allows the use of components both in the water tank 170 and in the water pump 172 as well as in the humidifiers 34, 35, which are already known and customarily there from the field of conventional vehicles, and here in particular from the field of internal combustion engine technology are used, in particular to minimize pollutants and consumption in internal combustion engines with gasoline injection.
  • Such components are therefore simple, well-tested and available on the market at low cost.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil d'alimentation en air (1) pour des systèmes de pile à combustible (2, 3), comprenant un compresseur de flux et un moteur d'entraînement électrique (4) pour le compresseur de flux, le compresseur de flux comportant deux roues (6, 7) de compresseur qui sont de configuration sensiblement symétrique et qui sont agencées sur un arbre commun (5) conjointement avec le moteur d'entraînement électrique (4) disposé entre elles. L'appareil d'alimentation en air selon l'invention se caractérise par le fait que les deux roues (6, 7) de compresseur sont, sur un côté pression, reliées à deux systèmes (2, 3, 10, 13) qui ne sont pas reliés pneumatiquement de manière permanente. L'invention concerne également un système de pile à combustible (2, 3) qui utilise un appareil d'alimentation en air (1) dudit type.
EP21727091.7A 2020-05-15 2021-05-12 Appareil d'alimentation en air pour systèmes de pile à combustible et système de pile à combustible Pending EP4150688A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020206162.9A DE102020206162A1 (de) 2020-05-15 2020-05-15 Luftversorgungsvorrichtung für Brennstoffzellensysteme und Brennstoffzellensystem
PCT/EP2021/062565 WO2021228908A1 (fr) 2020-05-15 2021-05-12 Appareil d'alimentation en air pour systèmes de pile à combustible et système de pile à combustible

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4150688A1 true EP4150688A1 (fr) 2023-03-22

Family

ID=76059863

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21727091.7A Pending EP4150688A1 (fr) 2020-05-15 2021-05-12 Appareil d'alimentation en air pour systèmes de pile à combustible et système de pile à combustible

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20230178764A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4150688A1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20230009954A (fr)
CN (1) CN115552670A (fr)
DE (1) DE102020206162A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021228908A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022119876A1 (de) 2022-08-08 2024-02-08 Zf Cv Systems Global Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem und Fahrzeug, insbesondere Nutzfahrzeug

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10120947A1 (de) * 2001-04-22 2002-10-24 Daimler Chrysler Ag Brennstoffzellen-Luftversorgung
DE10312647A1 (de) * 2003-03-21 2004-09-30 Ballard Power Systems Ag Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems
JP2010510642A (ja) * 2006-11-20 2010-04-02 エーエーセーテー ベスローテン フェンノートシャップ 高温燃料電池を具備するシステム
DE102010035725A1 (de) 2010-08-28 2012-03-01 Daimler Ag Aufladeeinrichtung für eine Energieumwandlungseinrichtung
JP6944853B2 (ja) 2017-11-15 2021-10-06 株式会社マーレ フィルターシステムズ 電動コンプレッサ
DE102017220855A1 (de) * 2017-11-22 2019-05-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Turbokompressor, insbesondere für ein Brennstoffzellensystem
DE102021000329A1 (de) * 2021-01-22 2021-03-18 Daimler Ag Brennstoffzellenanlage mit zwei parallelen Brennstoffzellensystemen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2021228908A1 (fr) 2021-11-18
US20230178764A1 (en) 2023-06-08
KR20230009954A (ko) 2023-01-17
JP2023524852A (ja) 2023-06-13
DE102020206162A1 (de) 2021-11-18
CN115552670A (zh) 2022-12-30

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