WO2010108606A1 - Système de piles à combustible présentant une ouverture de sortie côté anode - Google Patents

Système de piles à combustible présentant une ouverture de sortie côté anode Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010108606A1
WO2010108606A1 PCT/EP2010/001552 EP2010001552W WO2010108606A1 WO 2010108606 A1 WO2010108606 A1 WO 2010108606A1 EP 2010001552 W EP2010001552 W EP 2010001552W WO 2010108606 A1 WO2010108606 A1 WO 2010108606A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
cell system
region
anode
air
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2010/001552
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Cosimo Mazzotta
Thorsten Tüxen
Original Assignee
Daimler Ag
Ford Global Technologies, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler Ag, Ford Global Technologies, Llc filed Critical Daimler Ag
Publication of WO2010108606A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010108606A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel cell system with at least one fuel cell according to the type defined in greater detail in the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating such a fuel cell system, and to a use thereof.
  • Such a construction of a fuel cell system with a recirculation line for returning the anode exhaust gas into the anode inlet is known, for example, from DE 101 15 336 A1.
  • anode loop nitrogen and water accumulate in the recirculated anode exhaust gas over time. Therefore, it is known from the general state of the art and described in the above-mentioned document that in the region of the recirculation line valve devices are arranged, which are opened from time to time to the nitrogen from the area of the recirculation line and the area of the anode space to blow off accordingly.
  • the "disposal" of this waste gas from the region of the anode loop can take place in different regions which typically each have a catalytic surface or are in connection with another component which has such a catalytic surface is therefore common because together with the nitrogen there will always also be a small amount of hydrogen in the vented gas, which can be rendered harmless in this way ..
  • DE In order to be able to remove the product water of the fuel cell arising in the region of the anode exhaust gas, DE Furthermore, a water separator in the region of the recirculation line is described.
  • this structure can also be used to allow gas to flow from the region of the anode into the region of the cathode, namely whenever the pressure conditions are reversed (purge).
  • This is also used in the structure according to DE 103 11 785 A1, for example, to blow off the resulting carbon dioxide, or in the case of an anode loop, the nitrogen which accumulates, together with the carbon dioxide, into the region of the cathode.
  • the invention is designed as a component with a fixed opening in relation to an outlet region, resulting in an extremely simple structure, which allows a continuous outflow of media from the region of the recirculation line and / or the anode chamber.
  • a targeted design of this opening in terms of their flow factor or flow coefficient (kv value) therefore a suitable flow to the respective fuel cell system can be realized, so that accumulating water and accumulating nitrogen can flow continuously through one or two of the means.
  • kv value flow factor or flow coefficient
  • the structure is extremely simple and inexpensive, since it dispenses with one or typically two controllable valves and also makes a control of such valves unnecessary. In addition, then the sensors can be saved, which would provide the required measurement values for such a control, such as the level of a water separator, a hydrogen content or the like.
  • the structure of the fuel cell system with the agent according to the invention as the sole means for discharging media from the anode loop thus allows a very simple and inexpensive construction, which can also be implemented extremely light and compact.
  • the at least one means is integrated into a component.
  • the at least one means which essentially consists of the opening can, for example, be integrated into a component which is present in any case in the anode loop.
  • This component may, for example, a line element, a blower or the like which has as the means for discharging media, for example in a wall or its housing.
  • a water separator is arranged in the region of the coolant circulation, so that the medium is integrated as an outlet opening into the water separator.
  • This structure is particularly simple and low-priced, since a water separator in any case must have a corresponding discharge opening, which is typically located below in the direction of gravity. Instead of now closing the discharge opening with a valve, it is designed as a fixed opening, for example as a diaphragm, which has a suitable diameter for the respective fuel cell system in order to realize a suitable kv value. The separated water can then drain out of the water separator via this opening.
  • a corresponding area is provided as the exit region in which the or the outgoing media are discharged, which, for example, the environment of the fuel cell, a region of the supply air to the cathode, a region of the exhaust air Cathode, a cathode compartment, a catalytic component or an area which is in communication with at least one catalytic component may be.
  • the described construction according to the invention can be operated ideally by a method according to claim 9, in that media are dispensed in two different aggregate states via the at least one means.
  • the structure according to the invention therefore allows both water and gas to be discharged from the anode loop via a single or optionally also two separate means according to the invention with the fixed opening. This can be cost-effective, simple, easy and without additional during operation of the fuel cell system Control effort disposal of accumulating and not required in the anode loop materials are realized.
  • Fuel cell system is used or operated in a means of transport on land, in the water or in the air.
  • means of transport such as vehicles, ships, aircraft or the like
  • additional weight always in addition generally requires only little available space, and there additional weight always additional energy required for locomotion.
  • a decisive advantage can be seen in that the system according to the invention or the method for operating the same manages with minimal costs and minimal outlay with regard to the controller.
  • a very safe and reliable operation is possible because no control and no sensor is necessary, which under extreme conditions, shocks, vibrations, temperature fluctuations, as they occur very frequently in such means of transport could possibly fail.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a fuel cell system in a first
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a fuel cell system in a second
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a fuel cell system in a third embodiment
  • a fuel cell system 1 is indicated in highly schematic form in a section relevant to the present invention.
  • the most important component of the Brennstoffzellensvstems 1 is a fuel cell 2, which is typically formed as a stack of individual fuel cells, as a so-called fuel cell stack.
  • the fuel cell 2 has an anode space 3 and a cathode space 4, which in the exemplary embodiments illustrated here should each be separated from one another by a proton-conducting membrane.
  • PEM Breriristcffzeüenstsck In the fuel cell 2 is thus a so-called PEM Breriristcffzeüenstsck.
  • the anode compartment 3 of the fuel cell 2 is supplied with hydrogen from the hydrogen storage device 5 from a hydrogen storage device 5 via a metering valve 6 and a line element.
  • unreacted hydrogen passes via a recirculation line 7 back into the region in which the fresh hydrogen flows via the metering valve 6 to the anode chamber 3.
  • the recirculation line 7 thus leads in a manner known per se unused gas from the region of the anode chamber 3 back into the anode space, wherein the gas mixed with fresh hydrogen from the hydrogen storage device 5.
  • a recirculation conveyor 8 is arranged in the region of the recirculation line 7, which ensures the return of the unused gas from the anode chamber 3.
  • the recirculation conveyor 8 can be designed as a hydrogen recirculation fan, as indicated in FIG. Additionally or alternatively, a gas jet pump would be conceivable, which is driven by the hydrogen from the hydrogen storage device 5, and sucks the gas from the region of the recirculation line 7, mixed with the fresh hydrogen and the anode chamber 3 feeds.
  • the cathode compartment 4 of the fuel cell 2 is supplied with air in the exemplary embodiment shown here.
  • the oxygen contained in the air serves as an oxidizing agent for the chemical reaction in the interior of the fuel cell 2 and forms together with the hydrogen in a conventional manner water, wherein electric power is released, which can be tapped at the fuel cell 2 accordingly.
  • the air for the cathode compartment 4 is compressed accordingly via an air conveyor 9 and fed to the cathode compartment 4.
  • the air conveyor 9 may be formed as a flow compressor or compressor, for example as a screw compressor. This structure described so far corresponds to the corresponding part of a fuel cell system 1, as it is also known from the prior art.
  • the region of the recirculation line 7 and thus the region of the anode chamber 3 is connected to an outlet region in which a small amount of water and anode exhaust gas can continuously escape during operation of the fuel cell system 1.
  • the outlet region is the environment of the fuel cell 2 or of the fuel cell system 1.
  • the fixed opening 11 should have a reduced cross section with respect to the line cross section of the recirculation line 7. This results in a primary flow of the gas from the anode chamber 3 via the recirculation conveyor 8 back to the anode chamber 3, while only a very small part of the gas will flow through the fixed opening 11. Especially so !! the fixed opening 11 with respect to its flow coefficient (kv value) to the fuel cell system 1, and in particular to the volume flow in the anode loop be adapted accordingly so that only the necessary amount of water and gas passes through the fixed opening 11, while the largest part of the gas and thus of the hydrogen remains in the anode loop. Since with the gas and the water always a small amount of hydrogen will escape with, this is particularly important to minimize energy losses accordingly.
  • the structure with the component 10 and the fixed opening 11 is very simple. It can be implemented cost-effectively and works safely and reliably.
  • the advantages of the component 10 in contrast to a controlled valve, which is correspondingly complex and expensive and requires a large space and a power supply, the advantages of the component 10 as a means for discharging media from the anode loop in its simple and compact design.
  • a safe and reliable operation is guaranteed with the component 10, since there is no control and no moving parts, which could possibly fail.
  • the structure of the fuel cell system 1 according to FIG. 2 corresponds to the structure shown in FIG. Only the component 10 is not formed here as an independent component 10, but as part of a water separator 12.
  • Such water are commonly used in the prior art components in fuel cell systems 1. They serve to liquid water from the gas streams, in this case the gas flow of Anodenloop to separate, to prevent liquid water is returned to the area of the anode chamber 3, which could block there gas ducts, gas diffusion layers or the like. In the water separator 12 will therefore precipitate during operation liquid water.
  • This also known construction with an injection of the purge gas and the discharged water in the region of the cathode flow is particularly advantageous because of the in the cathode compartment 4 existing catalysts can react off any hydrogen before the exhaust gas from the cathode compartment 4 enters the environment.
  • the supply of the drain and the purge takes place before entering the area of the air supply 9.
  • the introduced into the supply air water is compressed together with the supply air in the air conveyor 9 and thereby cools the supply air in the compression area.
  • the efficiency of the compression can be increased accordingly, so that less energy is required for compression.
  • the present after the air conveyor 9 air air will not be heated as much as when no water is metered into this area.
  • further devices 13 such as a charge air cooler or a humidifier are provided, which in turn provide cooling of the compressed supply air flow and humidification thereof, both typically via the exhaust air flow from the cathode space 4.
  • This structure is shown by way of example by the component 13 in the representation of FIG.
  • the prior art knows various variants, which should all be encompassed by the representation of the component 13. For example, superstructures in which a charge air cooler and a humidifier as their own Components are formed successively, or structures in which charge air cooling and humidification are integrated in a single unit.
  • FIG. 3 now shows a further embodiment of the fuel cell system 1.
  • the essential difference lies in a turbine 14, which is driven by the exhaust air out of the region of the cathode space 4.
  • the air conveyor 9 and an electric machine 15 are on a common shaft. If energy is now provided via the turbine 14, then it can drive the air delivery device 9 accordingly, wherein the air delivery device 9 should preferably be designed as a flow compressor in this exemplary embodiment. If the energy of the turbine 14 is insufficient, additional energy for the air conveyor 9 can be provided via the electric machine 15. If so much energy is released at the turbine 14 that there is an energy surplus, then the electric machine 15 can be operated as a generator.
  • ETC Electric Turbo Charger
  • the further structure essentially corresponds to the figures already shown above, whereby here too the optional component 13 in the form of an integrated component or one or two separate components would be conceivable, although for simplicity it was dispensed with.
  • two corresponding means for discharging media are now provided.
  • One consists in a separate component 10a with a first fixed opening 11
  • the second consists in the integrated into the water separator 12 component 10b with the fixed opening 11, which should be formed in this case again as a diaphragm.
  • These structures are essentially a combination of the two already described above each alone existing structures in the anode loop. For example, gas can be removed via the fixed opening 11 via the first component 10a.
  • This gas which contains a small amount of hydrogen, is supplied to a corresponding outlet region, which in the case shown here is the region of the exhaust air from the cathode chamber 4. Since in this gas on the one hand pressure energy is present and on the other hand residues of hydrogen present, this energy can be used in the turbine 14 accordingly.
  • a catalytic component 16 can be arranged, in FIG which reacts the residual hydrogen together with residual oxygen in the exhaust air from the cathode compartment 4 accordingly. The heat released thereby can then be beneficially converted into mechanical energy in the turbine 14.
  • the catalytic component 16 could also directly a fuel, for example hydrogen from the area of the hydrogen storage device 5 are supplied, for example when starting the system or when a large amount of electrical power and thus a large amount of air is required. In such a boost operation, additional energy could then be generated via the turbine 14. While such a high amount of energy reaches the area of the air conveyor 9 and thus a correspondingly large amount of air can be conveyed to the fuel cell 2, electric power is generated simultaneously via the energy provided in the region of the electric machine 15, which is then operated in generator mode , With this power, the time could be bridged until the fuel cell 2 responds and in turn supplies the electrical power corresponding to the high amount of air supplied.
  • a fuel for example hydrogen from the area of the hydrogen storage device 5 are supplied, for example when starting the system or when a large amount of electrical power and thus a large amount of air is required.
  • additional energy could then be generated via the turbine 14. While such a high amount of energy reaches the area of the air conveyor 9 and thus a correspondingly large amount of
  • Water is discharged via the water separator 12 and the component 10b integrated there with the fixed opening 11 in the exemplary embodiment shown here, while the primary discharge of gases takes place via the component 10a.
  • This can be achieved by adapting the corresponding flow coefficients of the fixed openings 11 in the area of one component 10a and the area of the other component 10b to the respective tasks.
  • the exit region for the fixed opening 11 in the region of the component 10b in the water separator 12 is in turn the supply air to the cathode compartment 4. Unlike the embodiment shown above, however, this should be the supply air after the air conveyor 9, which of course also described in example above conceivable would.
  • the structure chosen here has the advantage that no droplets get into the flow compressor, which could possibly damage it due to its very high speeds.
  • the water has the advantage that it cools and humidifies the air, which after the compression in the air conveyor 9 is comparatively hot and dry.
  • the three embodiments illustrated here describe corresponding variants and aspects of the idea of realizing the drain and the purge via one or two passive elements, for example diaphragms or the like.
  • the individual embodiments and the corresponding structures and the use of the corresponding components are arbitrarily combined with each other, without this would leave the scope of the present invention.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système (1) de piles à combustible qui comprend au moins une pile à combustible (2) comportant une chambre anodique (3) et une chambre cathodique (4), un conduit de recirculation (7) étant prévu pour permettre le renvoi de gaz d'échappement sortant de la chambre anodique (3) dans une zone située en amont de la chambre anodique (3). Dans la zone du conduit de recirculation (7) et/ou de la chambre anodique (3) se trouve au moins un moyen d'évacuation de substances. Selon l'invention, ledit moyen est conçu comme un élément structural (10) présentant une ouverture fixe (11) par rapport à une zone de sortie.
PCT/EP2010/001552 2009-03-24 2010-03-11 Système de piles à combustible présentant une ouverture de sortie côté anode WO2010108606A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009014592.3 2009-03-24
DE102009014592A DE102009014592A1 (de) 2009-03-24 2009-03-24 Brennstoffzellensystem mit wenigstens einer Brennstoffzelle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010108606A1 true WO2010108606A1 (fr) 2010-09-30

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PCT/EP2010/001552 WO2010108606A1 (fr) 2009-03-24 2010-03-11 Système de piles à combustible présentant une ouverture de sortie côté anode

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DE (1) DE102009014592A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010108606A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013107492A1 (fr) * 2012-01-21 2013-07-25 Daimler Ag Système de pile à combustible
US11035628B2 (en) 2018-05-30 2021-06-15 Fuelcell Energy, Inc. System for fast draining of an airfan heat exchanger and methods of using the same

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009048247A1 (de) 2009-10-05 2011-04-07 Daimler Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems
DE102011108598A1 (de) 2011-07-26 2013-01-31 Daimler Ag Brennstoffzellensystem
DE102011109644A1 (de) * 2011-08-05 2013-02-07 Daimler Ag Brennstoffzellensystem mit wenigstens einer Brennstoffzelle

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5059494A (en) * 1990-05-10 1991-10-22 International Fuel Cells Fuel cell power plant
DE10115336A1 (de) 2001-03-28 2002-10-31 Gen Motors Corp Intellectual P Brennstoffzellensystem sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brennstoffzellensystems
DE10311785A1 (de) 2003-03-18 2004-09-30 Daimlerchrysler Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung von zu reduzierendem Reaktionsstoff für einen Anodenbereich einer Brennstoffzelle
WO2008052578A1 (fr) 2006-10-31 2008-05-08 Daimler Ag Circuit de combustible pour système de piles à combustible et procédé d'utilisation d'un système de piles à combustible
US20080233445A1 (en) * 2005-07-21 2008-09-25 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Fuel Cell System

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5059494A (en) * 1990-05-10 1991-10-22 International Fuel Cells Fuel cell power plant
DE10115336A1 (de) 2001-03-28 2002-10-31 Gen Motors Corp Intellectual P Brennstoffzellensystem sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brennstoffzellensystems
DE10311785A1 (de) 2003-03-18 2004-09-30 Daimlerchrysler Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung von zu reduzierendem Reaktionsstoff für einen Anodenbereich einer Brennstoffzelle
US20080233445A1 (en) * 2005-07-21 2008-09-25 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Fuel Cell System
WO2008052578A1 (fr) 2006-10-31 2008-05-08 Daimler Ag Circuit de combustible pour système de piles à combustible et procédé d'utilisation d'un système de piles à combustible

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013107492A1 (fr) * 2012-01-21 2013-07-25 Daimler Ag Système de pile à combustible
US11035628B2 (en) 2018-05-30 2021-06-15 Fuelcell Energy, Inc. System for fast draining of an airfan heat exchanger and methods of using the same

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