WO2015029631A1 - タングステン粉及びコンデンサの陽極体 - Google Patents
タングステン粉及びコンデンサの陽極体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015029631A1 WO2015029631A1 PCT/JP2014/068908 JP2014068908W WO2015029631A1 WO 2015029631 A1 WO2015029631 A1 WO 2015029631A1 JP 2014068908 W JP2014068908 W JP 2014068908W WO 2015029631 A1 WO2015029631 A1 WO 2015029631A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tungsten powder
- tungsten
- hafnium
- zirconium
- powder
- Prior art date
Links
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002363 hafnium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- SDTMFDGELKWGFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropan-2-olate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[O-] SDTMFDGELKWGFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- -1 tungsten halide Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- WQJQOUPTWCFRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disilicide Chemical compound [Si]#[W]#[Si] WQJQOUPTWCFRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910021342 tungsten silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960005235 piperonyl butoxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000682 scanning probe acoustic microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DZKDPOPGYFUOGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[W]=O DZKDPOPGYFUOGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100030343 Antigen peptide transporter 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101800000849 Tachykinin-associated peptide 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Natural products CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002490 anilino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- OJYBUGUSFDKJEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].[W].[W] OJYBUGUSFDKJEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L tungstic acid Chemical compound O[W](O)(=O)=O CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/042—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/09—Mixtures of metallic powders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/17—Metallic particles coated with metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/0029—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/048—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure
- H01G9/052—Sintered electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/048—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure
- H01G9/052—Sintered electrodes
- H01G9/0525—Powder therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/15—Solid electrolytic capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to tungsten powder, a capacitor anode body, a manufacturing method thereof, and an electrolytic capacitor having the anode body.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a tungsten powder or capacitor having a tungsten silicide on the particle surface and having a silicon content of 0.05 to 7% by mass, which gives good leakage current (LC) characteristics.
- An anode body, an electrolytic capacitor, a method for producing tungsten powder, and a method for producing an anode body of a capacitor are disclosed.
- tungsten-zirconium alloy powder is disclosed as an example in which good LC characteristics cannot be obtained.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-294875; US Pat. No. 7,362,541 discloses a capacitor having a small leakage current in a solid electrolytic capacitor including an anode, a cathode, and a dielectric layer formed by anodizing the anode.
- the anode includes a first metal layer made of niobium, aluminum, tantalum or an alloy mainly composed of niobium, aluminum, tantalum, and a part of the surface of the first metal layer. Is coated with a second metal layer containing any one of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium.
- a solid electrolytic capacitor is disclosed.
- an object of the invention is to provide tungsten powder capable of reducing variation in capacity in an electrolytic capacitor having a sintered body of tungsten powder as an anode body as a valve action metal, an anode body of a capacitor using the same, and the anode body as an electrode It is in providing the electrolytic capacitor used as.
- the present invention includes the following tungsten powder, capacitor anode body, electrolytic capacitor, tungsten powder manufacturing method, and capacitor anode body manufacturing method.
- the tungsten powder according to any one of items 1 to 4 wherein the tungsten particle surface layer has a compound of zirconium and tungsten or a compound of hafnium and tungsten.
- the tungsten powder according to any one of items 1 to 5 wherein the tungsten powder is a granulated powder.
- An electrolytic capacitor comprising the capacitor anode body according to the preceding item 7 as one electrode and a dielectric interposed between the counter electrode.
- a raw material tungsten powder is mixed with a zirconium compound and / or a hafnium compound and heated under vacuum to cause the surface of the tungsten powder to react with the mixed compound.
- a method for producing tungsten powder wherein the mixing amount of the compound is adjusted so that the content of the higher element of either the zirconium element or the hafnium element is 0.04 to 1% by mass.
- a zirconium element in the obtained tungsten powder comprising mixing a zirconium compound and a hafnium compound with the raw material tungsten powder, and heating the resultant in a vacuum to react the particle surface of the tungsten powder with the compound. 10.
- the method for producing tungsten powder according to 9 above wherein the mixing amount of the compounds is adjusted so that the total content of the hafnium element is 1% by mass or less.
- the tungsten powder of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by mixing a raw material tungsten powder, a zirconium compound and / or a hafnium compound, and heating the mixture under vacuum to react with the particle surface of the tungsten powder. Therefore, the zirconium element and hafnium element in the obtained tungsten powder are likely to be localized in the particle surface layer constituting the tungsten powder.
- the effect of the tungsten powder of the present invention is obtained by containing a predetermined amount of either zirconium element or hafnium element, but it is also possible to add a predetermined amount of both zirconium element and hafnium element in the tungsten powder. An effect is obtained.
- the zirconium powder or the hafnium element in the tungsten powder of the present invention preferably contains 0.04 to 1% by mass of the element having the higher content. Further, when the contents of both the zirconium element and the hafnium element are defined in the tungsten powder in total, it is preferable that the zirconium element and the hafnium element are included in a total of 1.2% by mass or less, and the total is 1% by mass or less. When it contains, LC becomes small and more preferable.
- the volume average primary particle diameter of the raw material tungsten powder is preferably from 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m, more preferably from 0.1 to 0.7 ⁇ m. Within this range, it is easy to produce a capacitor having a large capacity. What is marketed can be used as raw material tungsten powder.
- a method for easily obtaining a raw material tungsten powder having a relatively small particle size for example, a method of pulverizing tungsten trioxide powder in a hydrogen atmosphere can be mentioned.
- tungstic acid and its salts (such as ammonium tungstate) or tungsten halide powder can be obtained by using a reducing agent such as hydrogen or sodium and appropriately selecting the reducing conditions. Further, it can be obtained directly from the tungsten-containing mineral powder or by obtaining a plurality of steps and selecting reduction conditions.
- raw material tungsten powder having a desired particle size by classification can be used.
- the raw material tungsten powder may be granulated as described later (hereinafter, when distinguishing whether the tungsten powder is granulated, the ungranulated tungsten powder is referred to as “ungranulated”. "Powder” and granulated tungsten powder are called “granulated powder”.)
- Zirconium element and hafnium element can be contained in tungsten powder by mixing commercially available organic zirconium compound solution and organic hafnium compound solution with tungsten powder and heating under vacuum. This method may be performed simultaneously with the granulation described later. At high temperatures, zirconium and hafnium alkoxide compounds are decomposed into metals.
- an alkoxide solution such as a tetrapyrrole compound solution, an acetylacetone compound solution, an amide compound solution, or a 1-butanol solution of a butoxide compound can be used. Since the butoxide compound undergoes a hydrolysis reaction, it is preferably mixed in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon. If necessary, it is preferable to appropriately dilute with 1-butanol from which water and oxygen have been removed and mix with the tungsten powder.
- the zirconium element and the hafnium element are likely to be localized in the surface layer usually within 50 nm from the tungsten particle surface. When produced in this manner, it is expected that most of the zirconium element and the hafnium element are present as a solid solution in the tungsten particle surface layer.
- a part of the zirconium element may exist as a W 5 Zr 3 or W 2 Zr crystal, and a part of the hafnium element may exist as a W 2 Hf crystal.
- the tungsten powder When mixing at least one of a zirconium compound, a hafnium compound and a silicon powder described later with the raw material tungsten powder, the tungsten powder may be an ungranulated powder or a granulated powder. Powder is preferred.
- the leakage current of the obtained capacitor can be further reduced.
- the silicon element content in the tungsten powder of the present invention is preferably 7% by mass or less, more preferably 0.05 to 7% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.2 to 4% by mass.
- a raw material tungsten powder mixed with silicon powder is used and heated at a temperature of 1200 to 2000 ° C. with a vacuum of usually 10 ⁇ 1 Pa or less. It can be obtained by reacting.
- This method may be performed simultaneously with the granulation described later.
- the silicon powder reacts from the tungsten particle surface, and tungsten silicide such as W 5 Si 3 is likely to be localized and formed on the surface layer usually within 50 nm from the particle surface. Therefore, the central part of the primary particles remains as a metal having high conductivity, and when the anode body of the capacitor is manufactured, the equivalent series resistance of the anode body is preferably kept low.
- the silicon powder to be mixed with the raw material tungsten powder it is preferable to use a fine silicon powder to facilitate uniform mixing with the tungsten powder.
- the volume average particle size of the silicon powder is preferably 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 2 ⁇ m.
- the granulated powder is obtained, for example, by adding at least one kind of liquid such as ethanol or liquid resin to ungranulated powder to form a granule of an appropriate size, and then heating and sintering under vacuum. You can also.
- the tungsten powder of the present invention may be obtained at the same time that the granulated powder is obtained using an ungranulated powder mixed with a zirconium compound and / or a hafnium compound. More specifically, it can be produced as follows.
- Tungsten non-granulated powder (which may be mixed with zirconium element, hafnium element and / or silicon element) is allowed to stand at a temperature of 160 to 500 ° C. for 20 minutes to 10 hours at a vacuum of 10 4 Pa or less, Return to the atmosphere at room temperature, mix, leave at a vacuum of 10 2 Pa or less at 1200 to 2000 ° C., preferably 1200 to 1500 ° C. for 20 minutes to 10 hours. If necessary, classification is performed to adjust the particle size distribution to obtain granulated powder.
- the volume average particle size of the granulated powder is preferably 50 to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 100 to 200 ⁇ m. If it is this range, it is convenient to flow smoothly from the hopper of the molding machine to the mold.
- the obtained tungsten powder of the present invention is molded.
- the tungsten powder may be mixed with a molding binder resin (acrylic resin or the like), and a molded body may be produced using a molding machine.
- the tungsten powder of the present invention to be molded may be any of ungranulated powder, granulated powder, and mixed powder of ungranulated powder and granulated powder (partially granulated powder).
- the granulated powder is preferable to obtain good pores as the capacitor anode.
- the obtained molded body can be vacuum-sintered to obtain a sintered body.
- Preferable sintering conditions include, for example, a vacuum degree of 10 2 Pa or less, 1300 to 2000 ° C., more preferably 1300 to 1700 ° C., further preferably 1400 to 1600 ° C., 10 to 50 minutes, more preferably 15 to 30 minutes.
- a dielectric layer can be formed on the surface of the anode body (including the surface in the pores and the outer surface).
- a capacitor element can be obtained by forming a cathode on the dielectric layer. From such a capacitor element, a capacitor comprising an anode body as one electrode and a dielectric interposed between the counter electrode is obtained. In addition, the capacitor thus manufactured is usually an electrolytic capacitor.
- the cathode can be composed of an electrolytic solution or a semiconductor layer.
- a solid electrolytic capacitor element is obtained.
- a conductive polymer is obtained by polymerizing a semiconductor precursor (for example, at least one selected from pyrrole, thiophene, a monomer compound having an aniline skeleton, and various derivatives of these compounds) on the dielectric layer a plurality of times.
- a capacitor element can be obtained by forming a semiconductor layer having a desired thickness.
- the volume average particle diameter was measured by laser diffraction scattering method using HRA9320-X100 manufactured by Microtrac Co., Ltd., and the cumulative volume% was a particle diameter value (D 50 ; ⁇ m) corresponding to 50 volume%. The average particle size was taken.
- the volume average particle diameter measured by this method can be regarded as the volume average primary particle diameter.
- the amount of element in the tungsten powder was measured by ICP emission analysis using ICPS-8000E (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). The crystalline state in the tungsten powder was analyzed using an X-ray diffraction apparatus (manufactured by X'pert PRO PANalytical).
- Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 Commercially available zirconium t-butoxide (80% 1-butanol solution) is added to the raw material tungsten powder having a volume average particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m obtained by hydrogen reduction of tungsten dioxide to the Zr amount (mass%) shown in Table 1. Then, the mixture was mixed, and left at 300 ° C. for 30 minutes under a nitrogen gas atmosphere of 10 3 Pa. The mixture was returned to room temperature and atmospheric pressure, mixed again, and allowed to stand at 1360 ° C. for 30 minutes under 10 Pa. After returning to the atmosphere at room temperature, it was crushed with a hammer mill and sieved to a particle size of 26 to 130 ⁇ m to produce granulated powder (volume average particle size 105 ⁇ m).
- Examples 4-7 and Comparative Examples 4-5 The raw material tungsten powder of Example 1 is classified to obtain the raw material tungsten powder used in the present example and comparative examples having a volume average particle size of 0.3 ⁇ m, and is commercially available instead of zirconium t-butoxide (80% 1-butanol solution).
- 500 sintered bodies were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the hafnium t-butoxide (80% 1-butanol solution) was added so as to have the Hf amount (mass%) shown in Table 2.
- the size of the sintered body was 4.45 ⁇ 0.13 ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ 0.06 ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 0.06 mm.
- Table 2 summarizes the hafnium content (% by mass) in the granulated powder of each example.
- Examples 8 to 13 and Comparative Examples 6 to 7 The raw material tungsten powder of Example 1 is classified to obtain the raw material tungsten powder used in the present example and comparative example having a volume average particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m, and added to zirconium t-butoxide (80% 1-butanol solution) and hafnium.
- 500 sintered bodies were obtained for each example in the same manner as in Example 1 except that t-butoxide (80% 1-butanol solution) was added so as to have the amounts of Zr and Hf (mass%) shown in Table 3.
- the size of the sintered body was 4.44 ⁇ 0.08 ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ 0.08 ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 0.07 mm.
- the zirconium content and the hafnium content (mass%) in the granulated powder of each example are summarized in Table 3.
- Examples 14 to 16 and Comparative Examples 8 to 9 At the same time when zirconium t-butoxide (80% 1-butanol solution) was mixed in Example 1, the commercially available silicon powder (volume average particle diameter 1 ⁇ m) was adjusted to the Zr and Si amounts (mass%) shown in Table 4. Except for the addition, 500 sintered bodies were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 4 summarizes the zirconium content and silicon content (% by mass) in the granulated powder of each example.
- Examples 17 to 19 and Comparative Examples 10 to 11 When mixing hafnium t-butoxide (80% 1-butanol solution) in Example 4, the commercially available silicon powder (volume average particle diameter 1 ⁇ m) was simultaneously adjusted to the Hf and Si amounts (mass%) shown in Table 5. Except for the addition, 500 sintered bodies were obtained in the same manner as in Example 4. Table 5 summarizes the hafnium content and silicon content in the granulated powder of each example.
- Examples 20 to 26 and Comparative Examples 12 to 13 Table 6 shows commercially available silicon powder (volume average particle diameter 1 ⁇ m) at the same time when zirconium t-butoxide (80% 1-butanol solution) and hafnium t-butoxide (80% 1-butanol solution) were mixed in Example 8. 500 sintered bodies were obtained for each example in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the Zr, Hf, and Si amounts (mass%) were added. Table 6 summarizes the zirconium content, hafnium content, and silicon content (mass%) in the granulated powder of each example.
- W 5 Zr 3 was a reactant from the particle surface of the granulated powder of Example 3, and particles of the granulated powder of Example 7 Some amount of W 2 Hf was detected as a reaction product from the surface. It is considered that at least a compound of zirconium and tungsten or a compound of hafnium and tungsten, such as crystals of the reactant, is present in the particle surface layer of the tungsten powder of the present invention.
- tungsten silicide was present in the range from the particle surface of the granulated powder to 30 nm. I understood. Furthermore, from the X-ray diffraction analysis, tungsten silicide was detected as a reactant from the particle surface of the granulated powder. Most of the tungsten silicide detected was W 5 Si 3 . That is, it was confirmed that silicon is present as tungsten silicide in at least a part of the particle surface of the granulated powder.
- the sintered bodies of Examples 1 to 26 and Comparative Examples 1 to 13 were used as anode bodies for electrolytic capacitors, and the capacity and LC value were determined.
- the anode body was formed in a 0.1% by mass nitric acid aqueous solution at 10 V for 5 hours to form a dielectric layer on the anode body surface.
- the anode body on which the dielectric layer was formed was immersed in a 30% aqueous sulfuric acid solution using platinum black as a cathode to form an electrolytic capacitor, and the capacitance and LC value were measured.
- the capacity was measured at room temperature, 120 Hz, and a bias value of 2.5 V using an Agilent LCR meter.
- the LC value was measured 30 seconds after applying 2.5 V at room temperature.
- Tables 1-6 The results of each Example and each Comparative Example are shown in Tables 1-6. In addition, a numerical value is an average value of 32 examples.
- the electrolytic capacitors of Examples 1 to 13 made from a sintered body of tungsten powder containing a predetermined amount of zirconium (Zr) element and / or hafnium (Hf) element are provided with Zr element and / or Hf element. It can be seen that the variation in capacitance is small compared to the electrolytic capacitors of Comparative Examples 1 to 7 that do not include fixed amounts. It can be seen that Examples 1 to 12 in which the total of the zirconium element and the hafnium element is 1 mass% or less have a smaller LC.
- electrolytic capacitors obtained by chemical conversion of sintered tungsten powders (Examples 14 to 26) containing a predetermined amount of silicon element shown in Tables 4 to 6 have a small variation in capacitance. It can be seen that Examples 14 to 24, in which the total of the zirconium element and the hafnium element is 1 mass% or less, have a smaller LC. Although the mechanism of action of zirconium and hafnium elements is not clear, zirconium and hafnium have a more uniform and dense dielectric film because the change in density when converting from metal to oxide by chemical conversion is smaller than that of tungsten. It is conceivable that there is some relationship with the fact that the variation in capacity is small and the LC tends to be small.
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Abstract
Description
従って、発明の目的は、弁作用金属としてタングステン粉の焼結体を陽極体とする電解コンデンサにおける容量のばらつきを低減し得るタングステン粉、それを用いたコンデンサの陽極体、及びその陽極体を電極として用いた電解コンデンサを提供することにある。
(2)ジルコニウム元素及び/またはハフニウム元素は、粒子表面から50nm以内に局在する前項1に記載のタングステン粉。
(3)ジルコニウム元素及びハフニウム元素の合計が1質量%以下である前項1または2に記載のタングステン粉。
(4)さらにケイ素元素を7質量%以下含む前項1~3のいずれかに記載のタングステン粉。
(5)タングステン粒子表層にジルコニウムとタングステンとの化合物またはハフニウムとタングステンとの化合物を有する前項1~4のいずれかに記載のタングステン粉。
(6)タングステン粉が造粒粉である前項1~5のいずれかに記載のタングステン粉。
(7)前項1~6のいずれかに記載のタングステン粉を焼結してなるコンデンサ陽極体。
(8)前項7に記載のコンデンサ陽極体を一方の電極とし、対電極との間に介在する誘電体とから構成された電解コンデンサ。
(9)原料タングステン粉にジルコニウム化合物及び/またはハフニウム化合物を混合し、真空下で加熱して該タングステン粉の粒子表面と前記混合した化合物とを反応させる工程を有し、得られるタングステン粉中のジルコニウム元素またはハフニウム元素のうちのいずれか含有量の多い方の元素の含有量として0.04~1質量%となるように前記化合物の混合量が調整されるタングステン粉の製造方法。
(10)原料タングステン粉にジルコニウム化合物及びハフニウムの化合物を混合し、真空下で加熱して該タングステン粉の粒子表面と前記化応物とを反応させる工程を有し、得られるタングステン粉中のジルコニウム元素及びハフニウム元素の含有量として合計が1質量%以下となるように前記化合物の混合量が調整される前項9に記載のタングステン粉の製造方法。
(11)さらに、タングステン粉を造粒する工程を含む前項9または10に記載のタングステン粉の製造方法。
(12)前項1~6のいずれかに記載のタングステン粉を焼結することを特徴とするコンデンサの陽極体の製造方法。
原料タングステン粉としては市販されているものを使用することができる。
比較的粒径の小さい原料タングステン粉を得やすい方法としては、例えば、三酸化タングステン粉を水素雰囲気下で粉砕する方法が挙げられる。また、タングステン酸及びその塩(タングステン酸アンモニウム等)やハロゲン化タングステンの粉を水素やナトリウム等の還元剤を使用し、還元条件を適宜選択することによって得ることができる。
さらに、タングステン含有鉱物粉から直接または複数の工程を得て、還元条件を選択することによっても得ることができる。
さらに、分級して所望の粒径とした原料タングステン粉を使用することができる。
次に、得られた成形体を真空焼結して焼結体を得ることができる。好ましい焼結条件としては、例えば、102Pa以下の真空度で、1300~2000℃、より好ましくは1300~1700℃、さらに好ましくは1400~1600℃で、10~50分、より好ましくは15~30分である。
陰極を半導体層で構成する場合、固体電解コンデンサ素子が得られる。例えば、半導体前駆体(例えば、ピロール、チオフェン、アニリン骨格を有するモノマー化合物、及びこれら化合物の各種誘導体から選択される少なくとも1種)を複数回、誘電体層上で重合反応させて導電性高分子からなる所望厚みの半導体層を形成し、コンデンサ素子を得ることができる。さらに、半導体層の上にカーボン層及び銀層を順次積層した電極層を設けたコンデンサ素子とすることが好ましい。このコンデンサ素子を封止し、製品となるコンデンサを得る。
実施例及び比較例において使用したタングステン粉の体積平均粒子径、元素量及び結晶状態は、特に断りの無い限り以下の方法で測定した。
タングステン粉中の元素量は、ICPS-8000E(島津製作所製)を用いICP発光分析で測定した。
タングステン粉中の結晶状態は、X線回析装置(X'pert PRO PANalytical製)を用いて分析した。
二酸化タングステンを水素還元して得た体積平均粒径0.5μmの原料タングステン粉に、市販のジルコニウムt-ブトキシド(80%1-ブタノール溶液)を、表1に示すZr量(質量%)となるように加えて混合し、窒素ガス雰囲気103Pa下、300℃に30分放置した。室温大気圧下に戻した後に再度混合し、10Pa下、1360℃で30分放置した。室温で大気下に戻した後にハンマーミルで解砕し、粒度26~130μmを篩分して造粒粉(体積平均粒径105μm)を作製した。次に造粒粉100質量部にアクリル樹脂2質量部を混合した後に株式会社精研製TAP2成形機を用い、直径0.29mmのタンタル線を植立させて成形体を作製し、さらに10Pa下、1420℃で30分焼結した。室温で大気下に戻し、大きさ4.45±0.10×1.5±0.04×1.0±0.05mmで1.5×1.0mm面にタンタル線が6mm植立された焼結体を各例500個作製した。各例の造粒粉中のジルコニウム含量(質量%)を表1にまとめて示す。
実施例1の原料タングステン粉を分級して体積平均粒子径0.3μmの本実施例及び比較例で使用する原料タングステン粉を得、ジルコニウムt-ブトキシド(80%1-ブタノール溶液)の代わりに市販のハフニウムt-ブトキシド(80%1-ブタノール溶液)を表2に示すHf量(質量%)となるように加えた以外は実施例1と同様にして焼結体を各例500個得た。焼結体寸法は、大きさ4.45±0.13×1.5±0.06×1.0±0.06mmであった。各例の造粒粉中のハフニウム含量(質量%)を表2にまとめて示す。
実施例1の原料タングステン粉を分級して体積平均粒子径0.1μmの本実施例及び比較例で使用する原料タングステン粉を得、ジルコニウムt-ブトキシド(80%1-ブタノール溶液)に加えてハフニウムt-ブトキシド(80%1-ブタノール溶液)を表3に示すZr及びHf量(質量%)となるように加えた以外は実施例1と同様にして焼結体を各例500個得た。焼結体寸法は、大きさ4.44±0.08×1.5±0.08×1.0±0.07mmであった。各例の造粒粉中のジルコニウム含量とハフニウム含量(質量%)を表3にまとめて示す。
実施例1でジルコニウムt-ブトキシド(80%1-ブタノール溶液)を混合するときに同時に市販のケイ素粉(体積平均粒子径1μm)を表4に示すZr及びSi量(質量%)となるように加えた以外は実施例1と同様にして焼結体を各例500個得た。各例の造粒粉中のジルコニウム含量とケイ素含量(質量%)を表4にまとめて示す。
実施例4でハフニウムt-ブトキシド(80%1-ブタノール溶液)を混合するときに同時に市販のケイ素粉(体積平均粒子径1μm)を表5に示すHf及びSi量(質量%)となるように加えた以外は実施例4と同様にして焼結体を各例500個得た。各例の造粒粉中のハフニウム含量とケイ素含量を表5にまとめて示す。
実施例8でジルコニウムt-ブトキシド(80%1-ブタノール溶液)とハフニウムt-ブトキシド(80%1-ブタノール溶液)を混合するときに同時に市販のケイ素粉(体積平均粒子径1μm)を表6に示すZr、Hf及びSi量(質量%)となるように加えた以外実施例8と同様にして焼結体を各例500個得た。各例の造粒粉中のジルコニウム含量、ハフニウム含量及びケイ素含量(質量%)を表6にまとめて示す。
ジルコニウム元素及びハフニウム元素の作用機序は明らかではないが、ジルコニウムやハフニウムは、化成により金属から酸化物となる際の密度変化がタングステンより小さいために誘電体膜がより均一で緻密になることが考えられ、容量ばらつきが小さいことや、LCが小さくなりやすいことと何らかの関係があるものと考えられる。
Claims (12)
- ジルコニウム元素及び/またはハフニウム元素を含有し、両元素のうちのいずれか含有量の多い方の元素が0.04~1質量%含まれ、該元素はタングステン粒子表層に局在しているタングステン粉。
- ジルコニウム元素及び/またはハフニウム元素は、粒子表面から50nm以内に局在する請求項1に記載のタングステン粉。
- ジルコニウム元素及びハフニウム元素の合計が1質量%以下である請求項1または2に記載のタングステン粉。
- さらにケイ素元素を7質量%以下含む請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のタングステン粉。
- タングステン粒子表層にジルコニウムとタングステンとの化合物またはハフニウムとタングステンとの化合物を有する請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のタングステン粉。
- タングステン粉が造粒粉である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のタングステン粉。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のタングステン粉を焼結してなるコンデンサ陽極体。
- 請求項7に記載のコンデンサ陽極体を一方の電極とし、対電極との間に介在する誘電体とから構成された電解コンデンサ。
- 原料タングステン粉にジルコニウム化合物及び/またはハフニウム化合物を混合し、真空下で加熱して該タングステン粉の粒子表面と前記混合した化合物とを反応させる工程を有し、得られるタングステン粉中のジルコニウム元素またはハフニウム元素のうちのいずれか含有量の多い方の元素の含有量として0.04~1質量%となるように前記化合物の混合量が調整されるタングステン粉の製造方法。
- 原料タングステン粉にジルコニウム化合物及びハフニウムの化合物を混合し、真空下で加熱して該タングステン粉の粒子表面と前記化応物とを反応させる工程を有し、得られるタングステン粉中のジルコニウム元素及びハフニウム元素の含有量として合計が1質量%以下となるように前記化合物の混合量が調整される請求項9に記載のタングステン粉の製造方法。
- さらに、タングステン粉を造粒する工程を含む請求項9または10に記載のタングステン粉の製造方法。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のタングステン粉を焼結することを特徴とするコンデンサの陽極体の製造方法。
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JP2003247041A (ja) * | 2001-12-10 | 2003-09-05 | Showa Denko Kk | ニオブ合金、その焼結体及びそれを用いたコンデンサ |
JP2008235949A (ja) * | 2002-07-26 | 2008-10-02 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 電解コンデンサ |
WO2012086272A1 (ja) * | 2010-12-24 | 2012-06-28 | 昭和電工株式会社 | タングステン粉、コンデンサの陽極体及び電解コンデンサ |
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JP2003247041A (ja) * | 2001-12-10 | 2003-09-05 | Showa Denko Kk | ニオブ合金、その焼結体及びそれを用いたコンデンサ |
JP2008235949A (ja) * | 2002-07-26 | 2008-10-02 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 電解コンデンサ |
WO2012086272A1 (ja) * | 2010-12-24 | 2012-06-28 | 昭和電工株式会社 | タングステン粉、コンデンサの陽極体及び電解コンデンサ |
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