WO2015025890A1 - パティキュレートフィルタ - Google Patents
パティキュレートフィルタ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015025890A1 WO2015025890A1 PCT/JP2014/071780 JP2014071780W WO2015025890A1 WO 2015025890 A1 WO2015025890 A1 WO 2015025890A1 JP 2014071780 W JP2014071780 W JP 2014071780W WO 2015025890 A1 WO2015025890 A1 WO 2015025890A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- honeycomb structure
- ceramic honeycomb
- flow path
- particulate filter
- noble metal
- Prior art date
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 50
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 48
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZXVONLUNISGICL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol Chemical group CC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1O ZXVONLUNISGICL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IXSUHTFXKKBBJP-UHFFFAOYSA-L azanide;platinum(2+);dinitrite Chemical compound [NH2-].[NH2-].[Pt+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O IXSUHTFXKKBBJP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- QWDUNBOWGVRUCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O QWDUNBOWGVRUCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/96—Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
- B01J37/0219—Coating the coating containing organic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0234—Impregnation and coating simultaneously
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2310/00—Selection of sound absorbing or insulating material
- F01N2310/06—Porous ceramics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
- F01N2330/34—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details with flow channels of polygonal cross section
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a particulate filter.
- the particulate filter is used as a ceramic filter that removes soot from a fluid containing soot.
- the particulate filter is used as an exhaust gas filter for purifying exhaust gas exhausted from an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine or a gasoline engine. Yes.
- Such a particulate filter has a large number of parallel inlet-side channels and outlet-side channels partitioned by a porous partition wall (see, for example, Patent Document 1 below).
- soot By the way, as the fluid containing soot is supplied into the particulate filter, soot accumulates on the surface of the partition wall in the particulate filter and inside the partition wall. In this case, if soot accumulates excessively in the particulate filter, the movement of fluid in the particulate filter is hindered, and the pressure loss of the particulate filter increases, resulting in a reduction in fuel efficiency. For this reason, after a certain amount of soot is deposited in the particulate filter, so-called filter regeneration that burns and removes soot is performed.
- soot at the center of the filter is more likely to burn than the soot at the outer periphery, and soot at the outer periphery may remain.
- a bias in soot burning may cause a large temperature difference between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion, which may cause cracks in the filter.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a particulate filter capable of suppressing non-uniformity of soot combustion between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion during regeneration.
- the particulate filter according to the present invention includes a columnar ceramic honeycomb structure having a plurality of first flow paths and a plurality of second flow paths, and a catalyst component supported on the ceramic honeycomb structure.
- the plurality of first flow paths extend in the axial direction of the ceramic honeycomb structure, open at one end face and sealed at the other end face, and the plurality of second flow paths extend in the axial direction of the ceramic honeycomb structure. Opened at the other end surface and sealed at the one end surface.
- the catalyst component includes noble metal particles, and the total surface area of the noble metal particles contained in the apparent unit volume in the central part of the ceramic honeycomb structure is SPcent, and the apparent unit volume in the outer peripheral part of the ceramic honeycomb structure. When the total surface area of the precious metal particles is SPout, 2m 2 / L ⁇ SPout ⁇ SPcent ⁇ 125 m 2 / L is satisfied.
- the outer peripheral part in which the soot hardly burns is more precious metal particles than the central part. Soot combustion is appropriately promoted, and soot combustion non-uniformity between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion is suppressed.
- the catalyst component further includes a solid acid component, the amount of solid acid contained in the apparent unit volume in the central part of the ceramic honeycomb structure is SAcent, and the apparent unit in the outer peripheral part of the ceramic honeycomb structure When the amount of solid acid contained in the volume is SAout, 1.0 mmol / L ⁇ SAout ⁇ SAcent ⁇ 12.0 mmol / L is preferable.
- the ceramic honeycomb structure preferably includes aluminum titanate as a main component, and the solid acid component includes alumina as a main component. Further, it is preferable that the thermal conductivity of the ceramic honeycomb structure is 3 W / mK or less, and the heat capacity of the ceramic honeycomb structure is 0.75 J / gK or more.
- the cross section of the first flow path is preferably a hexagon.
- the cross-sectional area of the first channel is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the second channel.
- a particulate filter capable of suppressing soot combustion non-uniformity between a central portion and an outer peripheral portion during regeneration.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram schematically showing the diesel particulate filter 200 according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 1B is an enlarged view of a region R2 in FIG. .
- 2A is an enlarged view of an end face on the opposite side of FIG. 1B in the diesel particulate filter 200 shown in FIG. 1A, and FIG. It is an enlarged view of a cross section.
- FIG. 3 is a view taken along arrow III-III in FIG.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram schematically showing a diesel particulate filter 200 according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of a region R1 in FIG. .
- FIG. 5A is an enlarged view of the end face on the opposite side of FIG. 4B in the diesel particulate filter 200 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4A is a view taken in the direction of arrows VI-VI in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating the central portion 220c and the outer peripheral portion 220p of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram schematically showing the diesel particulate filter 200 according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 1B is an enlarged view of a region R2 in FIG. .
- 2A is an enlarged view of an end face on the opposite side of FIG. 1B in the diesel particulate filter 200 shown in FIG. 1A, and FIG. It is an enlarged view of a cross section.
- FIG. 3 is a view taken along arrow III-III in FIG.
- the diesel particulate filter 200 includes a ceramic honeycomb structure 220 having one end face (one end face) 220i and the other end face (other end face) 220j located on the opposite side of the end face 220i, and the ceramic honeycomb structure 220. And a catalyst layer 260 supported on the substrate.
- the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 is a cylindrical body having a partition wall structure that forms a plurality of flow paths 210 extending in parallel with each other.
- the plurality of flow paths 210 include a plurality of flow paths (first flow paths) 210a and a plurality of flow paths (second flow paths) 210b adjacent to the flow paths 210a.
- the flow path 210a and the flow path 210b extend from the end face 220i to the end face 220j perpendicular to the end faces 220i and 220j.
- One end of the flow path 210a forming a part of the flow path 210 is opened at the end face 220i, and the other end of the flow path 210a is sealed by the sealing portion 230 at the end face 220j.
- One end of the flow path 210b forming the remaining part of the plurality of flow paths 210 is sealed by the sealing portion 230 at the end face 220i, and the other end of the flow path 210b is opened at the end face 220j.
- the end on the end face 220i side of the flow path 210a is opened as a gas inlet
- the end on the end face 220j side of the flow path 210b is opened as a gas outlet.
- the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the flow path 210a and the flow path 210b has a hexagonal shape.
- the cross section of the flow path 210b is, for example, a regular hexagonal shape in which the lengths of the sides 240 forming the cross section are substantially equal to each other, but may be a flat hexagonal shape.
- the cross section of the flow path 210a is, for example, a flat hexagonal shape, but may be a regular hexagonal shape.
- the lengths of the sides facing each other in the cross section of the flow path 210a are different from each other.
- the cross section of the channel 210a has three long sides 250a having substantially the same length and three short sides 250b having substantially the same length as the sides 250 forming the cross section.
- the long side 250a and the short side 250b face each other in parallel, and the short side 250b is disposed on each side of the long side 250a.
- the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 includes a partition wall portion 220a as a portion that partitions the flow channel 210a and the flow channel 210b. That is, the flow path 210a and the flow path 210b are adjacent to each other through the partition wall portion 220a. Between the adjacent flow paths 210b, two flow paths 210a adjacent to each other in a direction substantially orthogonal to the arrangement direction of the flow paths 210b are arranged, and the two adjacent flow paths 210a are adjacent to each other. They are arranged symmetrically across a line connecting the centers of the sections of 210b.
- Each of the sides 240 of the flow path 210b faces the long side 250a of any one of the plurality of flow paths 210a in parallel. That is, each of the wall surfaces forming the flow path 210b faces the one wall surface forming the flow path 210a in parallel in the partition wall portion 220a located between the flow path 210a and the flow path 210b.
- the flow path 210 includes a structural unit including one flow path 210b and six flow paths 210a surrounding the flow path 210b. In the structural unit, all the sides 240 of the flow path 210b are included. It faces the long side 250a of the flow path 210a.
- each vertex of the cross section of the flow path 210b is opposed to the apex of the adjacent flow path 210b in the arrangement direction of the flow paths 210b.
- at least one length of the side 240 of the flow path 210b may be substantially equal to the length of the opposing long side 250a, and each length of the side 240 is equal to that of the opposing long side 250a. It may be approximately equal to the length.
- the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 has a partition wall portion 220b as a portion for partitioning the adjacent flow paths 210a. That is, the flow paths 210a surrounding the flow path 210b are adjacent to each other via the partition wall portion 220b.
- Each of the short side 250b of the flow path 210a is facing in parallel with the short side 250b of the adjacent flow path 210a. That is, the wall surfaces forming the flow path 210a face each other in parallel in the partition wall portion 220b located between the adjacent flow paths 210a.
- One flow path 210a is surrounded by three flow paths 210b.
- at least one length of the short side 250b of the flow path 210a may be substantially equal to the length of the opposing short side 250b between the adjacent flow paths 210a. May be substantially equal to the length of the opposing short side 250b.
- Catalyst components are supported on the surfaces of the partition walls 220a and 220b in the flow path 210a, the surfaces of the partition walls 220a and 220b in the flow path 210b, and the pores (inside the communication holes) of the partition walls 220a and 220b.
- the catalyst layer 260 is formed by the supported catalyst component.
- the catalyst layer 260 is formed on the surface of the partition walls 220a and 220b and / or at least part of the pores of the partition walls 220a and 220b, more specifically, the surfaces of the partition walls 220a and 220b in the flow path 210a.
- the catalyst layer 260 is preferably formed on the surfaces of the partition walls 220a and 220b in the flow path 210a and inside the pores of the partition walls 220a and 220b.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram schematically showing a diesel particulate filter 200 according to the second embodiment
- FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of a region R1 in FIG.
- FIG. 5A is an enlarged view of the end face on the opposite side of FIG. 4B in the diesel particulate filter 200 shown in FIG. 4A
- FIG. 5B is a ceramic honeycomb.
- the diesel particulate filter 200 includes a ceramic honeycomb structure 220 having one end face (one end face) 220i and the other end face (other end face) 220j located on the opposite side of the end face 220i, and the ceramic honeycomb structure 220.
- a catalyst layer 260 supported on the substrate.
- the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 is a cylindrical body having a partition wall structure that forms a plurality of flow paths 210 extending in parallel with each other.
- the plurality of flow paths 210 include a plurality of flow paths (first flow paths) 210a and a plurality of flow paths (second flow paths) 210b adjacent to the flow paths 210a.
- the flow path 210a and the flow path 210b extend from the end face 220i to the end face 220j perpendicular to the end faces 220i and 220j.
- One end of the flow path 210a constituting a part of the flow path 210 is open at the end face 220i, and the other end of the flow path 210a is sealed by the sealing portion 230 at the end face 220j.
- One end of the flow path 210b constituting the remaining part of the plurality of flow paths 210 is sealed by the sealing portion 230 at the end face 220i, and the other end of the flow path 210b is opened at the end face 220j.
- the end on the end face 220i side of the flow path 210a is opened as a gas inlet
- the end on the end face 220j side of the flow path 210b is opened as a gas outlet.
- the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the flow path 210a and the flow path 210b has a hexagonal shape.
- the cross section of the flow path 210b is, for example, a regular hexagonal shape in which the lengths of the sides 240 forming the cross section are substantially equal to each other, but may be a flat hexagonal shape.
- the cross section of the flow path 210a is, for example, a flat hexagonal shape, but may be a regular hexagonal shape.
- the lengths of the sides facing each other are substantially equal to each other.
- the cross section of the flow path 210a includes two long sides 250a having substantially the same length as sides 250 forming the cross section, and four (two pairs) short sides 250b having substantially the same length. ,have.
- the short side 250b is disposed on each side of the long side 250a.
- the long sides 250a face each other in parallel, and the short sides 250b face each other in parallel.
- the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 includes a partition wall portion 220a as a portion that partitions the flow channel 210a and the flow channel 210b. That is, the flow path 210a and the flow path 210b are adjacent to each other through the partition wall portion 220a. By arranging one flow path 210a between adjacent flow paths 210b, the flow paths 210b are alternately arranged with the flow paths 210a in the arrangement direction of the flow paths 210b (a direction substantially orthogonal to the side 240). Yes.
- Each of the sides 240 of the flow path 210b faces the long side 250a of any one of the plurality of flow paths 210a in parallel. That is, each of the wall surfaces forming the flow path 210b faces the one wall surface forming the flow path 210a in parallel in the partition wall portion 220a located between the flow path 210a and the flow path 210b.
- the flow path 210 includes a structural unit including one flow path 210b and six flow paths 210a surrounding the flow path 210b. In the structural unit, all the sides 240 of the flow path 210b are included. It faces the long side 250a of the flow path 210a.
- At least one length of the side 240 of the flow path 210b may be substantially equal to the length of the opposing long side 250a, and each length of the side 240 is equal to that of the opposing long side 250a. It may be approximately equal to the length.
- the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 has a partition wall portion 220b as a portion for partitioning the adjacent flow paths 210a. That is, the flow paths 210a surrounding the flow path 210b are adjacent to each other via the partition wall portion 220b.
- Each of the short side 250b of the flow path 210a is facing in parallel with the short side 250b of the adjacent flow path 210a. That is, the wall surfaces forming the flow path 210a face each other in parallel in the partition wall portion 220b located between the adjacent flow paths 210a.
- at least one length of the short side 250b of the flow path 210a may be substantially equal to the length of the opposing short side 250b between the adjacent flow paths 210a. May be substantially equal to the length of the opposing short side 250b.
- Catalysts are supported on the surfaces of the partition walls 220a and 220b in the flow path 210a, the surfaces of the partition walls 220a and 220b in the flow path 210b, and the pores (inside the communication holes) of the partition walls 220a and 220b.
- a catalyst layer 260 is formed by the supported catalyst. Note that the catalyst layer 260 is at least part of the surface of the partition walls 220a and 220b and / or the pores of the partition walls 220a and 220b. More specifically, the catalyst layer 260 is the partition wall in the flow path 210a.
- the catalyst layer 260 is preferably formed on the surface of the partition walls 220a and 220b on the gas inlet side and inside the pores of the partition walls 220a and 220b.
- the length of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 in the axial direction of the flow path is, for example, 50 to 300 mm.
- the outer diameter of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 is, for example, 50 to 250 mm.
- the length of the side 240 is, for example, 0.4 to 2.0 mm.
- the length of the long side 250a is, for example, 0.4 to 2.0 mm, and the length of the short side 250b is, for example, 0.3 to 2.0 mm.
- the partition walls 220a and 220b have a thickness (cell wall thickness) of 0.1 to 0.8 mm, for example.
- the cell density in the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 (for example, the sum of the densities of the flow path 210a and the flow path 210b in the end face 220i in the ceramic honeycomb structure) is preferably 50 to 600 cpsi, and more preferably 100 to 500 cpsi.
- the total opening area of the plurality of flow paths 210a on the end face 220i is preferably larger than the total opening area of the flow paths 210b on the end face 220j.
- the hydraulic diameter of the flow path 210a on the end face 220i is preferably 1.4 mm or less from the viewpoint that the pressure loss is likely to change according to the amount of collected matter.
- the hydraulic diameter of the flow path 210a is preferably 0.5 mm or more, and more preferably 0.7 mm or more, from the viewpoint of further suppressing the collection of collected substances in the region on the end face side in the flow path.
- the hydraulic diameter of the flow path 210b at the end face 220j is preferably larger than the hydraulic diameter of the flow path 210a at the end face 220i. That is, the cross-sectional area of each flow path 210a is preferably smaller than the cross-sectional area of each flow path 210b.
- the hydraulic diameter of the flow path 210b in the end face 220j is preferably 1.7 mm or less, and more preferably 1.6 mm or less, from the viewpoint that the pressure loss is more likely to change according to the amount of collected matter.
- the hydraulic diameter of the flow path 210b is preferably 0.5 mm or more, and more preferably 0.7 mm or more, from the viewpoint of further suppressing the collection of collected substances in the region on the end face side in the flow path.
- the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 is porous, and includes, for example, a porous ceramic sintered body.
- the partition wall has a structure that allows fluid to pass therethrough. Specifically, a large number of communication holes (flow channels) through which fluid can pass are formed in the partition wall.
- the porosity of the partition walls of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 is preferably 30% by volume or more, more preferably 40% by volume or more, and still more preferably 50% by volume or more. .
- the porosity of the partition wall is preferably 80% by volume or less, and more preferably 70% by volume or less.
- the average pore diameter of the partition wall is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, from the viewpoint of further improving the soot collection efficiency and pressure loss.
- the average pore diameter of the partition wall is preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 25 ⁇ m or less.
- the porosity and average pore size of the partition wall can be adjusted by the raw material particle size, the amount of pore-forming agent added, the type of pore-forming agent, and the firing conditions, and can be measured by mercury porosimetry.
- the material of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 is not particularly limited, but preferably contains aluminum titanate as a main component.
- the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 can further contain magnesium and / or silica.
- the material of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 can be a material mainly composed of cordierite or a material mainly composed of silicon carbide.
- the composition formula is, for example, Al 2 (1-x) Mg x Ti (1 + y) O 5 , and the value of x is such that x is 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1 is satisfied, 0.03 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5 is preferably satisfied, and 0.05 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.2 is more preferable.
- the y satisfies 0.5x ⁇ y ⁇ 3x, preferably satisfies 0.5x ⁇ y ⁇ 2x, and more preferably satisfies 0.7x ⁇ y ⁇ 2x.
- the material may contain a trace component derived from the raw material or a trace component inevitably included in the production process. Examples of the trace component include Na 2 O, K 2 O, P 2 O 5 , and CaO.
- the material may contain a glass phase derived from the silicon source powder.
- the glass phase refers to an amorphous phase in which SiO 2 is the main component.
- the glass phase content is preferably 4% by mass or less.
- an aluminum titanate-based ceramic fired body that satisfies the pore characteristics required for a ceramic filter such as a particulate filter is easily obtained.
- the glass phase content is preferably 2% by mass or more.
- the thermal conductivity of the ceramic honeycomb structure can be 3 W / mK or less, and the heat capacity of the ceramic honeycomb structure can be 0.75 J / gK or more.
- the thermal conductivity is preferably 2.0 W / mK or less, more preferably 1.50 W / mK or less.
- the lower limit of the thermal conductivity is preferably 0.05 W / mK.
- the upper limit of the heat capacity is preferably 2.00 J / gK, more preferably 1.50 J / gK.
- ceramic materials that can provide such thermal conductivity and heat capacity include aluminum titanate ceramics.
- the catalyst layer 260 includes noble metal particles.
- noble metals are platinum, palladium, rhodium, gold, silver, copper, iridium, ruthenium, osmium.
- preferred noble metals are platinum and palladium.
- the particle diameter of the noble metal particles is not particularly limited, but can be 5 to 50 nm.
- the noble metal particles function as a catalyst that promotes combustion of the collected soot. Further, in order to promote the soot combustion reaction, a trace amount of a metal element other than the noble metal may be added.
- the total surface area of the noble metal particles supported on the entire ceramic honeycomb structure 220 is preferably 5 m 2 / L or more per apparent unit volume of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220, and preferably 110 m 2 / L or less. More preferably, it is 12.5 m 2 / L or more.
- the “apparent volume” means the total volume of the space of the ceramic honeycomb structure, the partition walls, and the sealing portion, and in this specification, the total surface area of the noble metal particles contained in the apparent unit volume.
- the solid acid amount is obtained by converting the surface area and the solid acid amount of the noble metal particles contained in the volume into volumes per liter, respectively.
- the total surface area of the noble metal particles can be calculated based on the adsorption amount of carbon monoxide and the adsorption occupation area of carbon monoxide molecules after obtaining the adsorption amount of carbon monoxide.
- the amount of carbon monoxide adsorbed may be a pulse injection method.
- a sample is pretreated in advance as follows. First, the temperature is raised from room temperature to 400 ° C. in a hydrogen atmosphere over 10 minutes, and then maintained in a hydrogen atmosphere at 400 ° C. for 15 minutes, then switched to a helium atmosphere and maintained at 400 ° C. for 15 minutes. Thereafter, the temperature is lowered to 50 ° C. in 10 minutes in a helium atmosphere.
- quantified CO is sequentially supplied in a pulsed manner at 50 ° C.
- the gas flow rate is 50 mL / min.
- the amount of CO in the exhaust gas may be measured using a sensor such as TCD, and the amount of CO adsorbed may be measured.
- a sensor such as TCD
- BEL-METAL-3SP manufactured by Nippon Bell Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the total surface area of the noble metal particles contained in the apparent unit volume in the central portion 220c of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 is SPcent, and the noble metal contained in the apparent unit volume in the outer peripheral portion 220p of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220.
- the total surface area of the particles is SPout, 2m 2 / L ⁇ SPout ⁇ SPcent ⁇ 125 m 2 / L is satisfied.
- soot combustion in the outer peripheral portion 220p of the diesel particulate filter is appropriately promoted compared to the central portion 220c, and therefore, between the central portion 220c and the outer peripheral portion 220p.
- the soot combustion bias can be reduced. If SPout-SPcent is too low, the effect of reducing soot combustion bias is reduced. On the other hand, if SPout-SPcent is too high, the soot combustion of the outer peripheral portion 220p is promoted too much, and the temperature of the outer peripheral portion may become higher than the central portion 220c.
- SPout-SPcent is preferably 4 m 2 / L or more, more preferably 6 m 2 / L or more, and further preferably 50 m 2 / L or more. From the same viewpoint, SPout-SPcent is preferably 115 m 2 / L or less, more preferably 100 m 2 / L or less, and further preferably 75 m 2 / g or less.
- the central portion 220c is a ceramic honeycomb structure 220 in the case where the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 is a cylindrical body having a radius of both end faces R and an axial length of AL.
- both ends of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 and the central axis Ax are shared.
- the outer peripheral part 220p is an area outside the central part 220c.
- the radius Rc of both end faces of the central portion 220c is usually 50% or more of the radius R of the end faces (220i, 220j) of the ceramic honeycomb structure, preferably 70% or more and 95% or less, more preferably 75. % Or more and 90% or less.
- the radius Rc of the end face of the central portion 220c is 70% of the radius R of the end faces (220i, 220j) of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220, the volumes of the central portion 220c and the outer peripheral portion 220p are substantially equal to each other. From the preferable range of the radius Rc of the end face of the central portion 220c, the relationship between the volume Vc of the central portion 220c and the volume Vp of the outer peripheral portion 220p is Vc ⁇ Vp.
- the shape of the end surface of the central portion 220c is not particularly limited as long as the preferable volume relationship (Vc ⁇ Vp) between the central portion 220c and the outer peripheral portion 220p is satisfied, and may be an ellipse, a rectangle, or the like.
- the central axis Ax of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 is a line passing through the center of gravity of both end faces of the central portion 220c.
- the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 is a non-cylindrical body such as an elliptic cylinder or a polygonal cylinder, the region of the center 220c is satisfied so as to satisfy the preferable volume relationship (Vc ⁇ Vp) between the center 220c and the outer periphery 220p.
- the end surface of the central portion 220c may be similar to the end surface shape of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220, but may be a non-similar shape.
- the end face of the central portion can be an ellipse or a rectangle, respectively.
- both can be a circle.
- the center axis Ax of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 may pass through the center of gravity of both end faces of the central portion 220c.
- the total surface area of the noble metal particles in the central portion 220c may be zero, a certain amount of noble metal particles can be supported on the central portion 220c from the viewpoint of promoting soot combustion in the central portion 220c.
- the total surface area of the noble metal particles supported on the central portion 220c is preferably 2.5 to 50 m 2 / L.
- the amount of noble metal particles supported on the filter may be in a range that satisfies the above-mentioned surface area requirements.
- the precious metal particle loading of the entire filter can be 0.4 to 5 g / L.
- the catalyst layer 260 preferably further contains a solid acid component.
- the solid acid component are ⁇ alumina, ⁇ alumina, ⁇ alumina, ⁇ alumina, ⁇ alumina, zeolite, ceria, cerium zirconium oxide. It can also be a mixture of any of these components.
- ⁇ -alumina is preferable. It is preferable to use boehmite as a raw material for ⁇ -alumina because it eventually coexists with boehmite in which ⁇ -alumina partially remains, and the amount of solid acid is improved.
- the solid acid include Bronsted acid and Lewis acid, but Lewis acid having a small acidic hydroxyl group is preferable.
- the amount of solid acid supported on the entire ceramic honeycomb structure 220 is preferably 1.0 to 10 mmol / L per apparent unit volume of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220.
- the amount of solid acid can be measured by the ammonia adsorption method. Specifically, the sample is put into a measurement cell of a temperature-programmed desorption device, heated in a helium stream (50 mL / min) from room temperature to 500 ° C. at 10 ° C./min, and held at 500 ° C. for 1 hour, The temperature is lowered to 100 ° C. Next, the sample is held for 30 minutes in helium gas (100 mL / min) containing 0.5 volume% NH 3 at 100 ° C. to adsorb NH 3 .
- a helium gas 50 mL / min
- the temperature may be raised from 100 ° C. to 800 ° C. at 10 ° C./min in a helium stream (50 mL / min), and the amount of NH 3 desorbed may be detected by a quadrupole mass spectrometer. More specifically, a fully automatic temperature-programmed desorption spectrometer TPD-1-ATW manufactured by Nippon Bell Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the amount of solid acid contained in the apparent unit volume at the central portion 220c of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 is SAcent, and the solid acid contained in the apparent unit volume at the outer peripheral portion 220p of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 is When SAout 1.0 mmol / L ⁇ SAout ⁇ SAcent ⁇ 12.0 mmol / L is satisfied.
- the solid acid component adsorbs hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas and burns it on site. Therefore, when SAout-SAcent satisfies the above range, soot combustion at the outer peripheral portion of the diesel particulate filter is further promoted more appropriately than at the central portion, so that the soot between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion is accelerated. This can reduce the unevenness of combustion. If SAout-SAcent is too low, the effect of suppressing soot combustion bias becomes low. On the other hand, if SAout-SAcent is too high, the temperature of the outer peripheral portion may be higher than that of the central portion.
- SAout-SAcent is preferably 1.5 mmol / L or more, more preferably 2.0 mmol / L or more, and 3.0 mmol / L or more. Further preferred. From the same viewpoint, SAout-SAcent is preferably 10.0 mmol / L or less, preferably 9.0 mmol / L or less, more preferably 8.0 mmol / L or less, and 6.0 mmol / L. It can also be L or less.
- the solid acid amount of the central portion 220c of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 may be zero, but from the viewpoint of promoting soot combustion in the central portion 220c, a certain amount of solid acid can be supported on the central portion 220c.
- the amount of solid acid supported on the central portion 220c is preferably 1.2 to 7.0 mmol / L.
- the amount of solid acid supported in the filter may be in a range that satisfies the above-mentioned surface area requirements.
- the supported amount of the solid acid of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 can be 10 to 50 g / L
- the supported amount of the noble metal particles in the central portion 220c is 0.1 to 2 g / L
- the amount of noble metal particles supported on the outer peripheral portion 220p can be 0.4 to 5 g / L.
- the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 collects a collection object such as soot contained in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine or a gasoline engine.
- a collection object such as soot contained in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine or a gasoline engine.
- the gas G supplied from the end face 220 i to the flow path 210 a passes through the communication holes in the catalyst layer 260 and the ceramic honeycomb structure 220. It reaches the adjacent flow path 210b and is discharged from the end face 220j.
- soot is burned by increasing the amount of combustible gas in the gas and raising the exhaust gas temperature.
- the noble metal particles function as a soot combustion catalyst.
- the solid acid catalyst component adsorbs and burns hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas and helps soot combustion.
- the total surface area of the noble metal particles is set so as to have a predetermined difference between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion of the ceramic honeycomb structure. This promotes soot combustion uniformity. Thereby, the combustion efficiency of soot is increased and the generation of cracks due to the generation of thermal stress between the inner peripheral portion and the outer peripheral portion can be suppressed. Furthermore, if there is a predetermined difference in the solid acid amount between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion, soot is more likely to burn more uniformly.
- the diesel particulate filter of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made.
- the shape of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 is such that the cross section of the first flow path perpendicular to the axial direction of the first flow path (flow path 210a) is the same as that of the two ceramic honeycomb structures 220 described above. It has a side (long side 250a) and a second side (short side 250b) disposed on both sides of the first side, and is perpendicular to the axial direction of the second flow path (flow path 210b).
- Each of the sides (sides 240) forming the cross section of the second flow path is opposed to the first side of the first flow path, and each of the second sides of the first flow path is adjacent to the first side. Although it may be a form facing the second side of one flow path, it is not necessarily limited to the shape described above.
- the cross section of the flow channel perpendicular to the axial direction of the flow channel in the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 is not limited to a hexagonal shape, and may be a triangular shape, a rectangular shape, an octagonal shape, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, or the like. May be.
- the outline of the flow path may be curved.
- those having different cross-sectional areas may be mixed, or those having different cross-sectional shapes may be mixed.
- the cross-sectional area of the first channel can be made larger or smaller than the cross-sectional area of the second channel.
- the arrangement of the flow paths is not particularly limited, and the arrangement of the central axes of the flow paths may be an equilateral triangle arrangement, a staggered arrangement, or the like arranged at the apex of the equilateral triangle.
- the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 is not limited to a cylindrical body, and may be an elliptical cylinder, a triangular cylinder, a quadrangular cylinder, a hexagonal cylinder, an octagonal cylinder, or the like.
- the above-mentioned sealed ceramic honeycomb structure 220 is prepared by a known method. Subsequently, a catalyst layer 260 is applied to the ceramic honeycomb structure 220.
- a slurry containing a catalyst component or its raw material may be applied to the ceramic honeycomb structure 220 and dried.
- the slurry includes, for example, a solid acid component, a noble metal particle raw material, a thickener, and a solvent such as water.
- the noble metal particle raw material are noble metal particles, inorganic noble metal compounds (for example, chloroplatinic acid), and organic noble metal compounds (for example, dinitrodiammine platinum).
- an organic noble metal compound is used, it can be baked, for example, at about 500 to 700 ° C. after application, if necessary.
- the volume concentration of the total surface area of the noble metal particles is different between the central portion 220c and the outer peripheral portion 220p of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220.
- the volume concentration of the solid acid amount is different between the central portion 220c and the outer peripheral portion 220p of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220.
- the method of giving a difference in the total surface area and / or the solid acid amount of the noble metal particles between the central portion 220c and the outer peripheral portion 220p is not particularly limited.
- the slurry is applied only to the outer peripheral portion of the ceramic honeycomb structure, and This can be achieved by applying different slurry to the portion 220c and the outer peripheral portion 220p.
- the total surface area of the noble metal particles can be varied depending on the concentration of the noble metal particle raw material in the slurry, the kind of the noble metal particle raw material, the pH of the slurry, drying conditions, firing conditions (decomposition temperature of the organic noble metal compound), and the like.
- the said embodiment is a diesel particulate filter for exhaust gas treatment of a diesel engine, and its manufacturing method, it may be a particulate filter which processes exhaust gas of various internal combustion engines, such as a gasoline engine, and its manufacturing method. it can.
- Example 1 An aluminum titanate ceramic honeycomb structure (columnar shape having a radius of 72 mm and a length of 152 mm) was prepared.
- This ceramic honeycomb structure had the cell structure according to the first embodiment and FIG.
- This ceramic honeycomb structure contained 0.03 mass% of Na 2 O, K 2 O and CaO as trace components and 0.15 mass% of P 2 O 5 , respectively.
- the cell density was 333 cpsi.
- a slurry containing a catalyst component was applied to the ceramic honeycomb structure by a wash coat method and then dried.
- Example 1 this slurry was applied only to the outer peripheral part (outer part than the radius of 50.8 mm) of the ceramic honeycomb structure by the wash coat method to form a catalyst layer, and then dried.
- the catalyst layer was formed only on the outer peripheral portion by covering both end faces of the central portion of the ceramic honeycomb structure with a jig during the wash coating.
- slurry application and impregnation were performed on the partition walls from both sides of the inlet-side channel and the outlet-side channel.
- the size of the portion where the catalyst layer was formed, that is, the outer peripheral portion, was about half of the apparent volume of the ceramic honeycomb structure.
- SPout and SPcent were determined by measuring the surface area by the pulse injection method using Pt loading and carbon monoxide, and SPout-SPcent was also determined. Further, SAout and SAcent were determined by the amount of ⁇ -alumina supported and the ammonia adsorption / desorption method, and further SAout-SAcent was determined. Further, a sample having a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 0.29 mm was cut out from a base material made of the same ceramic material as that of the ceramic honeycomb structure and having no flow path, and after removing heat by heating at 900 ° C. for 30 minutes, 3 It was 0.56 W / mK and 0.77 J / gK when the heat conductivity and the heat capacity were measured by the laser flash method with the sheets stacked.
- Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that the wash coat was performed only on the inlet-side channel, and coating and impregnation were performed on the partition wall on the outer peripheral side of the inlet-side channel.
- Example 3 The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that the concentration of ⁇ -alumina in the slurry was increased about twice.
- Example 4 Example 1 was repeated except that the concentration of the Pt source in the slurry was approximately doubled.
- Example 5 The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that a SiC-based ceramic honeycomb structure (entirely coated with a catalyst) was used instead of aluminum titanate. When the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the ceramic honeycomb structure were measured, they were 19 W / mK and _0.71 J / gK.
- Example 1 The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed, except that both ends of the ceramic honeycomb structure were not covered with jigs during the wash coating, and the catalyst layer was uniformly formed on the entire ceramic honeycomb structure.
- Soot was deposited on each filter at a soot generation rate of 10 g / h, a gas flow rate of 250 kg / h, and a gas temperature of 240 ° C., so that 6 g / L of soot was deposited on each filter.
- the medium was burned by holding at a gas flow rate of about 105 kg / h and a gas temperature of about 680 ° C. for 510 seconds.
- regeneration (combustion) was measured in two downstream center parts and downstream outer peripheral parts.
- the downstream central part is on the filter central axis and at a position 25 mm in the axial direction from the end face on the filter outlet side.
- the outer peripheral part on the downstream side is 70 mm in the radial direction from the filter central axis and axially from the end face on the filter outlet side. It was at a position of 25 mm.
- the maximum temperature of the downstream central portion and the temperature of the downstream outer peripheral portion at the time of the maximum temperature were measured, and the temperature difference was obtained from these temperatures. Further, from the maximum temperature at the downstream central portion and the temperature 6 minutes after reaching the maximum temperature, the average temperature decrease rate for 6 minutes from the maximum temperature at the downstream central portion was measured.
- 200 diesel particulate filter (particulate filter), 210 ... flow path, 210a ... flow path (first flow path), 210b ... flow path (second flow path), 220 ... ceramic honeycomb structure, 220i ... end face ( One end face), 220j ... end face (other end face), 220c ... central part, 220p ... outer peripheral part, 260 ... catalyst layer, R ... radius of the end face of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220, Rc ... radius of the end face of the central part 220c, AL ... Axial length of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220, Ax: A central axis of the ceramic honeycomb structure 220.
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Abstract
Description
また、前記セラミクスハニカム構造体の熱伝導度が3W/mK以下であり、前記セラミクスハニカム構造体の熱容量が0.75J/gK以上であることがこのましい。
図1の(a)は、第1実施形態に係るディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ200を模式的に示す図であり、図1の(b)は、図1の(a)における領域R2の拡大図である。図2の(a)は、図1の(a)に示したディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ200における図1の(b)の反対側の端面の拡大図であり、図2の(b)は、隔壁部断面の拡大図である。図3は、図1の(a)のIII-III矢視図である。ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ200は、一方の端面(一端面)220iと、端面220iの反対側に位置する他方の端面(他端面)220jと、を有するセラミクスハニカム構造体220、及び、セラミクスハニカム構造体220に担持された触媒層260を備えている。
また、セラミクスハニカム構造体の熱伝導度が3W/mK以下であり、かつ、セラミクスハニカム構造体の熱容量が0.75J/gK以上であることができる。この場合、再生時、煤に着火した後でフィルタの温度が冷めにくいので、煤を着火させやすく、煤の燃焼を継続させやすく、生成による煤の除去率を高めやすい。熱伝導度は好ましくは2.0W/mK以下であり、更に好ましくは1.50W/mK以下である。また、熱伝導度の下限は好ましくは0.05W/mKである。また、熱容量の上限は好ましくは2.00J/gKであり、より好ましくは1.50J/gKである。このような熱伝導度及び熱容量を提供できるセラミクスの材料としては、チタン酸アルミニウム系セラミクス等がある。
(貴金属粒子)
触媒層260は、貴金属粒子を含む。貴金属の例は、白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、金、銀、銅、イリジウム、ルテニウム、オスミウムである。好ましい貴金属の例は、白金、パラジウムである。貴金属粒子の粒径は特に限定されないが、5~50nmとすることが出来る。この貴金属粒子は、捕集したすすの燃焼を促進する触媒として機能する。また、すすの燃焼反応を促進させるため、貴金属以外の金属元素を微量添加しても良い。
パルスインジェクション法では、例えば、予め、サンプルを以下のように前処理する。まず、水素雰囲気中で10分かけて室温から400℃まで昇温し、その後水素雰囲気で400℃で15分維持し、ヘリウム雰囲気に切り替えてさらに400℃で15分維持する。その後、ヘリウム雰囲気中で10分間で50℃まで降温する。次に、50℃で、定量されたCOをパルス的に順次供給する。ガス流量は50mL/minとする。そして、排出ガス中のCOの量をTCD等のセンサを利用して測定し、COの吸着量を測定すればよい。
具体的には、例えば、日本ベル株式会社製の、BEL-METAL-3SP等を使用出来る。
2m2/L≦SPout-SPcent≦125m2/Lを満たす。
中央部220cの端面の形状は、中央部220cと外周部220pの体積の好ましい関係(Vc≧Vp)を満たせば特に限定されず、楕円や矩形等であることも出来る。この場合、セラミクスハニカム構造体220の中心軸Axは、中央部220cの両端面の重心を通る線となる。
セラミクスハニカム構造体220が、楕円柱体や多角形柱体等の非円柱の場合も、中央部220cと外周部220pの体積の好ましい関係(Vc≧Vp)を満たす様に、中央部220cの領域を定めればよい。具体的には、中央部220cの端面は当該セラミクスハニカム構造体220の端面形状と相似形状であることもできるが、非相似形状でもよい。例えば、セラミクスハニカム構造体220が楕円柱又は矩形体であれば、それぞれ、中央部の端面は、楕円又は矩形とすることも出来るが、例えば、いずれも円とすることも出来る。セラミクスハニカム構造体220の中心軸Axは、中央部220cの両端面の重心を通る様にすれば良い。
触媒層260は、さらに、固体酸成分を含むことが好ましい。固体酸成分の例は、γアルミナ、θアルミナ、δアルミナ、χアルミナ、ηアルミナ、ゼオライト、セリア、セリウムジルコニウム酸化物である。これらのうちの任意の成分の混合物であることもできる。特に、γアルミナが好ましい。γアルミナの原料として、ベーマイトを使用すると、最終的に、γアルミナが一部残存するベーマイトと共存し、固体酸量が向上するので好ましい。固体酸の種類としては、ブレンステッド酸とルイス酸が挙げられるが、酸性水酸基の少ないルイス酸が好ましい。
1.0mmol/L≦SAout-SAcent≦12.0mmol/Lを満たす。
例えば、セラミクスハニカム構造体220の形状は、上記の2つのセラミクスハニカム構造体220のように、第1流路(流路210a)の軸方向に垂直な第1流路の断面が、第1の辺(長辺250a)と、当該第1の辺の両側にそれぞれ配置された第2の辺(短辺250b)とを有しており、第2流路(流路210b)の軸方向に垂直な第2流路の断面を形成する辺(辺240)のそれぞれが、第1流路の第1の辺と対向しており、第1流路の第2の辺のそれぞれが、隣接する第1流路の第2の辺と対向している形態であってもよいが、必ずしも上述した形状に限定されるものではない。
まず、公知の方法により上述の封口されたセラミクスハニカム構造体220を準備する。続いて、セラミクスハニカム構造体220に対して、触媒層260を付与する。
また、上記実施形態はディーゼルエンジンの排ガス処理用のディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ及びその製造方法であるが、ガソリンエンジンなどの種々の内燃機関等の排ガスを処理するパティキュレートフィルタやその製造方法であることもできる。
チタン酸アルミニウム系のセラミクスハニカム構造体(半径72mm、長さ152mmの円柱形状)を用意した。このセラミクスハニカム構造体は第1実施形態及び図1に係るセル構造を有していた。このセラミクスハニカム構造体は、微量成分としてNa2O、K2O及びCaOをそれぞれ0.03質量%、P2O5を0.15質量%含有していた。セル密度は333cpsiであった。
次に、このセラミクスハニカム構造体に触媒成分を含むスラリーをウォッシュコート法により塗布し、その後、乾燥させた。スラリーは、固体酸源及びサポート材としてのγ-アルミナ(sasol製PURALOX SCFa140/L3)を粉砕して、粒径D50=5.28μmとし、触媒金属としてのPt源(田中貴金属工業(株)ジニトロジアンミン白金硝酸溶液)、及び、キレート剤としてのクエン酸、及び、増粘剤(ヒドロキシエチルセルロース)の混合物(固形分9質量%、pHは6.18、粘度は600cps)であった。実施例1では、このスラリーをセラミクスハニカム構造体の外周部(半径50.8mmより外側部)のみにウォッシュコート法により塗布して、触媒層を形成し、その後乾燥させた。ウォッシュコート時にセラミクスハニカム構造体の中央部の両端面を治具にて覆うことにより、外周部のみに触媒層を形成した。本実施例では、入口側流路及び出口側流路の両側から隔壁に対してスラリーの塗布及び含浸を行った。触媒層が形成された部分、すなわち、外周部のサイズは、セラミクスハニカム構造体の見かけ体積の約半分となった。Ptの担持量及び一酸化炭素を用いたパルスインジェクション法による表面積測定によりSPout及びSPcentを求め、さらに、SPout-SPcentを求めた。また、γ-アルミナの担持量及びアンモニア吸着脱離法によりSAout及びSAcentを求め、さらにSAout-SAcentを求めた。
また、上記セラミクスハニカム構造体とおなじセラミック材料からなり流路を有さない母材から直径10mm×厚さ0.29mmのサンプルを切り出し、900℃で30分熱処理して汚れを除去した後、3枚重ねてレーザーフラッシュ法で熱伝導率及び熱容量を測定したところ、0.56W/mK及び0.77J/gKであった。
ウォッシュコートを入口側流路のみの実施とし、入口側流路の外周側の隔壁に対して塗布及び含浸を行う以外は、実施例1と同様にした。
スラリー中のγ-アルミナの濃度を約2倍に増やす以外は実施例1と同様にした。
スラリー中のPt源の濃度を約2倍にする以外は実施例1と同様にした。
チタン酸アルミニウムに代えて、SiC系のセラミクスハニカム構造体(全体に触媒がコートされている)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にした。セラミクスハニカム構造体の熱伝導率及び熱容量を測定したところ、19W/mK及び_0.71J/gKであった。
ウォッシュコート時にセラミクスハニカム構造体の両端面を治具で覆わず、セラミクスハニカム構造体の全体に触媒層を均一に形成させた以外は、実施例1と同様にした。
煤発生速度10g/h、ガス流量250kg/h、ガス温度240℃にて各フィルタに対して煤を堆積させ6g/Lの煤を各フィルタに堆積させた。煤を堆積させた後、ガス流量約105kg/h、ガス温度約680℃で510秒間保持して媒を燃焼させた。そして、再生(燃焼)時のフィルタの温度の変化を2つの下流側中央部及び下流側外周部で測定した。下流側中央部はフィルタ中心軸上、かつ、フィルタ出口側端面から軸方向に25mmの位置にあり、下流側外周部はフィルタ中心軸から径方向に70mm、かつ、フィルタ出口側端面から軸方向に25mmの位置にあった。下流側中央部の最高温度、及び、当該最高温度の時刻における下流側外周部の温度を測定し、これらの温度から温度差を求めた。また、下流側中央部の最高温度と、最高温度到達6分後の温度とから、下流側中央部の最高温度時から6分間の平均温度低下速度を測定した。
Claims (6)
- 複数の第1流路及び複数の第2流路を有する柱状のセラミクスハニカム構造体と、前記セラミクスハニカム構造体に担持された触媒成分と、を備え、
前記複数の第1流路は前記セラミクスハニカム構造体の軸方向に延びて一端面で開口し他端面で封口され、
前記複数の第2流路は前記セラミクスハニカム構造体の軸方向に延びて前記他端面で開口し前記一端面で封口され、
前記触媒成分は貴金属粒子を含み、
前記セラミクスハニカム構造体の中央部において見かけの単位体積中に含まれる貴金属粒子の総表面積をSPcent、前記セラミクスハニカム構造体の外周部において見かけの単位体積中に含まれる貴金属粒子の総表面積をSPoutとしたときに、
2m2/L≦SPout-SPcent≦125m2/Lを満たす、パティキュレートフィルタ。 - 前記触媒成分は、さらに固体酸成分を含み、前記セラミクスハニカム構造体の中央部において見かけの単位体積中に含まれる固体酸量をSAcent、前記セラミクスハニカム構造体の外周部において見かけの単位体積中に含まれる固体酸量をSAoutとしたときに、1.0mmol/L≦SAout-SAcent≦12.0mmol/Lである、請求項1記載のパティキュレートフィルタ。
- 前記セラミクスハニカム構造体はチタン酸アルミニウムを主成分とし、前記固体酸成分はアルミナを主成分とする請求項2に記載のパティキュレートフィルタ。
- 前記セラミクスハニカム構造体の熱伝導度が、3W/mK以下であり、前記セラミクスハニカム構造体の熱容量が0.75J/gK以上である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のパティキュレートフィルタ。
- 前記第1流路の断面は六角形である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のパティキュレートフィルタ。
- 第1流路の断面積は、第2流路の断面積よりも小さい、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のパティキュレートフィルタ。
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EP2772302A1 (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2014-09-03 | Umicore AG & Co. KG | Hexagonal oxidation catalyst |
US9764287B2 (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-09-19 | Paccar Inc | Binary catalyst based selective catalytic reduction filter |
US10188986B2 (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2019-01-29 | Paccar Inc | Electrochemical reductant generation while dosing DEF |
US9757691B2 (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2017-09-12 | Paccar Inc | High efficiency and durability selective catalytic reduction catalyst |
US10058819B2 (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2018-08-28 | Paccar Inc | Thermally integrated compact aftertreatment system |
US10835866B2 (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2020-11-17 | Paccar Inc | 4-way hybrid binary catalysts, methods and uses thereof |
US10675586B2 (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2020-06-09 | Paccar Inc | Hybrid binary catalysts, methods and uses thereof |
US10906031B2 (en) | 2019-04-05 | 2021-02-02 | Paccar Inc | Intra-crystalline binary catalysts and uses thereof |
US11007514B2 (en) | 2019-04-05 | 2021-05-18 | Paccar Inc | Ammonia facilitated cation loading of zeolite catalysts |
US10934918B1 (en) | 2019-10-14 | 2021-03-02 | Paccar Inc | Combined urea hydrolysis and selective catalytic reduction for emissions control |
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JPWO2015025890A1 (ja) | 2017-03-02 |
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