WO2015024529A1 - Led交流驱动电路 - Google Patents

Led交流驱动电路 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015024529A1
WO2015024529A1 PCT/CN2014/084991 CN2014084991W WO2015024529A1 WO 2015024529 A1 WO2015024529 A1 WO 2015024529A1 CN 2014084991 W CN2014084991 W CN 2014084991W WO 2015024529 A1 WO2015024529 A1 WO 2015024529A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
led
unit
series
switch
voltage
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2014/084991
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨冕
封正勇
龙文涛
李东明
Original Assignee
四川新力光源股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 四川新力光源股份有限公司 filed Critical 四川新力光源股份有限公司
Priority to US14/913,563 priority Critical patent/US9775206B2/en
Priority to EP14837198.2A priority patent/EP3046396A4/en
Priority to EA201690457A priority patent/EA201690457A1/ru
Publication of WO2015024529A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015024529A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/40Details of LED load circuits
    • H05B45/44Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/40Details of LED load circuits
    • H05B45/44Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
    • H05B45/46Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix having LEDs disposed in parallel lines
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/40Details of LED load circuits
    • H05B45/44Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
    • H05B45/48Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix having LEDs organised in strings and incorporating parallel shunting devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/10Controlling the intensity of the light

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of LED driving circuit technology, and in particular to an LED AC driving circuit.
  • the driving circuit of the LED lighting product usually uses a conventional switching constant current power supply technology (AC-DC).
  • AC-DC switching constant current power supply technology
  • the service life of these drive circuits is much lower than the lifetime of the LED itself, which results in the actual service life of LED lighting products has no advantage over traditional energy-saving lamps. Therefore, people have proposed the first generation of LED AC drive technology that directly connects LEDs to AC mains. This technology can solve the life problem of traditional drive power, but the drive efficiency is very low, generally less than 70%, and the switching constant current The drive efficiency of the power supply is usually greater than 80%.
  • a second-generation LED AC drive technology which splits the original single LED string into several units, each unit being connected in series by one or more LEDs.
  • the unit is provided with a grounding switch, and then a current limiting device is set; during operation, the control circuit detects the input voltage value, and according to the voltage value, one of the switches is turned on.
  • the advantage of this driving technology is that, since the AC mains is sinusoidal, the voltage changes with time. When the voltage is low, the first unit is lit, and when the voltage is raised, the first and second units are lit. When you start to lower, light up the first unit, and so on. This increases the efficiency of the drive from less than 70% to 90%.
  • the peak value of the current flowing through the LED is limited, which also protects the LED itself, and also solves the problem of AC mains voltage fluctuations. The problem of obvious flashing.
  • the second LED AC drive technology solves the problems of the first generation technology, there are still some defects.
  • current market demand expects LED lighting products to be compatible with traditional TRIAC dimmers for dimming. This kind of demand is difficult to achieve for the traditional switching constant current power supply.
  • the dimming effect of the constant current power supply on the market is poor (there will be flicker), and the same demand exists for the first generation AC drive technology.
  • a significant sudden change in brightness (suddenly brightening or darkening) for the second generation of LED AC drive technology, although the brightness in the dimming does not have significant flicker and abrupt changes, there will be many during the dimming process.
  • the LED of the unit is not bright, which will cause some light-emitting surface to have no light for LED lighting. As a result, although the adjustment of the brightness is achieved, the output of the light is affected.
  • the second-generation LED AC drive technology works differently in different times, and only a small amount of time is fully illuminated, resulting in the inefficient use of all LEDs.
  • the second-generation LED AC drive technology uses the current-limiting technology, but does not solve the brightness problem of the output light of the LED lighting product, that is, how many units are divided, there will be twice the brightness step of the number of units (brightness) Constant over a period of time, when the voltage rises, the brightness will rise to a certain value and remain).
  • the second generation of LED AC drive technology is the same as the first generation technology, one product can only work under one grid voltage. For example, if a 110V AC product is operated in a 220V power grid, the brightness power of the LED product will increase or even be damaged. Similarly, if the 220V product is operated in a 110V power grid, its power and brightness will be reduced or even not bright. .
  • LED AC drive circuit that can realize the advantages of the second generation AC technology while also allowing the LED output light to be constant without a step.
  • LED AC drive circuits are required to operate at different grid voltages as with conventional switching power supplies, while maintaining power and brightness without changing.
  • LED AC drive circuit comprising:
  • a rectifying unit connected to the AC mains for rectifying the mains and outputting the pulsating direct current;
  • Vin is the AC mains voltage and Vf is the tube drop of a single LED.
  • the M LED units are sequentially at their ends, that is, near one end of the positive end of the LED string and the other end near the negative end of the LED string, with the positive terminal of the rectifying unit and the negative terminal connected to the rectifying unit
  • the current limiting unit is connected, wherein the first LED unit comprises a switch connected in series at the negative end of the LED string, and the ith LED unit comprises a switch connected in series at the positive end of the LED string and a switch connected in series at the negative end of the LED string, li Ml , and
  • the Mth LED unit includes a switch connected in series at the positive end of the LED string;
  • M-1 disconnect or conduction control connection lines, one end of each of which is connected to the negative end of the LED string of the i-th LED unit, and the other end is connected to the positive end of the LED string of the (i+1)th LED unit, 1 i M-1 , used to control the circuit layout by disconnecting or conducting,
  • the first LED unit comprises a switch S4 connected in series with the negative terminal of the string of its LED string;
  • the third LED unit comprises a switch S6 connected in series at the positive end of its LED string and in series with its LED string The negative terminal switch S7;
  • the fourth LED unit include a switch S9 connected in series at the positive terminal of its LED string.
  • disconnect or conduction control connection lines which are respectively switches S2, S5 and S8, wherein the switch S2 is connected to the negative end of the LED string in the first LED unit, and One end is connected to the positive end of the LED string in the second LED unit; the switch S5 is connected to the negative end of the LED string in the second LED unit, and the other end is connected to the positive end of the LED string in the third LED unit; and the switch S8- The end is connected to the negative end of the LED string in the third LED unit, and the other end is connected to the fourth LED unit The positive end of the LED string inside.
  • the switches S2, S5, and S8 are turned off, and the remaining switches are closed, so that the first LED unit, the second LED unit, and the first 3 LED unit and 4th LED unit are in parallel relationship;
  • the switches S2, S4, S6, and S8 are closed, and the switches S1, S3, S5, S7 and S9 is disconnected such that the first LED unit and the second LED unit are connected in series, the third LED unit and the fourth LED unit are connected in series, and the two strings are connected in parallel;
  • the voltage of the pulsating direct current is raised from V2' to Vmax
  • the switches S2, S5, and S8 are closed, and the remaining switches are turned off, so that the first LED unit, the second LED unit, the third LED unit, and the fourth LED unit are connected in series, wherein Vl ', V2' are the pulsations a
  • the first LED unit comprises a switch S4 connected in series with the negative terminal of the string of its LED string;
  • the third LED unit comprises a switch S6 connected in series at the positive end of its LED string and in series with its LED string a negative terminal switch S7;
  • the fourth LED unit comprises a switch S9 connected in series at the positive end of its LED string and a switch S10 connected in series at the negative end of its LED string;
  • the fifth LED unit comprises a switch S11 connected in series at the positive end of its LED string and connected in series A switch S13 having a negative end of its LED string;
  • a sixth LED unit including a switch S14 connected in series at the positive terminal of its LED string.
  • there are five disconnect or conduction control connection lines which are respectively switches S2, S5, S8, S12 and S15, wherein the switch S2-end is connected to the LED string in the first LED unit. a negative end, the other end is connected to the positive end of the LED string in the second LED unit; the switch S5 is connected to the negative end of the LED string in the second LED unit, and the other end is connected to the positive end of the LED string in the third LED unit; The switch S8 is connected to the negative end of the LED string in the third LED unit, the other end is connected to the positive end of the LED string in the fourth LED unit; the switch S12 is connected to the negative end of the LED string in the fourth LED unit, One end is connected to the positive end of the LED string in the fifth LED unit; and the switch S15 is connected The negative end of the LED string in the fifth LED unit is connected, and the other end is connected to the positive end of the LED string in the sixth LED unit.
  • there are five disconnect or conduction control connection lines which are diodes D2, D3, D4, D5 and D6, respectively, wherein the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the negative of the LED string in the first LED unit.
  • the negative terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the LED string in the second LED unit;
  • the positive terminal of the diode D3 is connected to the negative terminal of the LED string in the second LED unit, and the negative terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the LED string in the third LED unit; the positive terminal of the diode D4 is connected.
  • the negative end of the LED string in the third LED unit, the negative terminal is connected to the positive end of the LED string in the fourth LED unit; the positive terminal of the diode D5 is connected to the negative end of the LED string in the fourth LED unit, and the negative electrode is connected to the fifth LED unit.
  • the positive terminal of the LED string; the negative terminal of the LED string in the fifth LED unit is connected to the positive terminal of the LED string in the fifth LED unit, and the negative terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the LED string in the sixth LED unit.
  • the switches S2, S5, S8, S12, and S15 are turned off or the diodes D2, D3, D4, D5, and D6 are turned off while the voltage of the pulsating direct current is raised from VI to V2,
  • the remaining switches are closed, so that the six LED units are connected in parallel, wherein the turn-on voltage is 1/6 of the sum of all LED series turn-on voltages; when the voltage of the pulsating direct current rises from V2 to V3, the switch S1, S3, S7, S9, S13, S14 are open, the remaining switches in the LED unit are closed, and the switches S2, S8, S15 are also closed, the switches S5, S12 are opened, or in the case of a diode D2 D4 and D6 are in the on state, D3 and D5 are in the off state, so that the LED1 unit and the LED2 unit are connected in series, the LED3 unit and the LED4 unit are connected in series, the LED5 unit and the LED6 unit are connected in series, and
  • the voltage is 1/3 of the sum of all LED series turn-on voltages; when the voltage of the pulsating direct current rises from V3 to V4, the switches S1, S3, S4, S6, S9, S10, S11, S13, S14 are disconnected , the LED unit The remaining switches are closed, and the switches S2, S5, S12, and S15 are also closed, the switch S8 is turned off, or in the case of a diode, D2, D3, D5, D6 are in an on state, and D4 is in an off state, thereby causing the LEDs 1.
  • LED2 and LED3 are connected in series, LED4, LED5 and LED6 are connected in series, and the two strings are further connected in parallel, wherein the turn-on voltage is 1/2 of the sum of all LED series-on voltages; when the voltage of the pulsating direct current is increased from V4 During the period up to Vmax, all the switches in the LED unit are all turned off, the switches S2, S5, S8, S12 and S15 are all closed or all the diodes are turned on, so that the LEDs of the six LED units are all connected in series.
  • the turn-on voltage is all LEDs
  • VI, V2, V3, and V4 are specific voltages in the rising edge of the pulsating direct current
  • V1 ⁇ V2 ⁇ V3 ⁇ V4 such that all of the LED units can be normally in the corresponding connection relationship.
  • Vmax is the sum of all LED series turn-on voltages, and when the voltage of the pulsating direct current is reduced from Vmax to zero, the switch is correspondingly controlled according to the corresponding voltage interval.
  • it further includes a switch control device that detects a pulsating DC voltage and controls the closing and opening of the switch based on the voltage.
  • the LED AC drive circuit according to the present invention can solve the disadvantages of the prior art while retaining the advantages of the original circuit.
  • the LEDs are all working at all, the utilization of LED illumination is high, and at the same time, full voltage operation is achieved. Under different voltages, all LEDs are working and the brightness is unchanged. It has global versatility.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first-generation LED AC driving circuit in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a second-generation LED AC driving circuit in the prior art
  • FIG. 4A shows a waveform diagram of the AC mains
  • 4B is a waveform diagram of a pulsating direct current formed by the mains after full-bridge rectification
  • Figure 5 is a view showing a voltage interval of pulsating DC power regulated in the LED AC drive circuit of the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 shows a main schematic diagram of an example constant current regulator in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an LED AC drive circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a view showing a state of each switch in the LED AC drive circuit in the voltage interval in the second embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 10, FIG. 11, and FIG. 12 are schematic diagrams showing the construction of the respective stages of the modified embodiment of the second embodiment
  • Figure 13 is a view showing a state of each switch in the LED AC drive circuit in a voltage section in a variation embodiment
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing switch control in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 15 is a view showing a voltage waveform (dotted line) of the commercial power and a luminous flux (solid line) of all the LEDs according to the present invention in the period of one alternating current.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a first-generation LED AC drive circuit in the prior art.
  • the main feature of the circuit is that resistors are used to limit current flow throughout the circuit, and the overall circuit structure is simple.
  • the disadvantage of this circuit structure is that due to the resistor current limiting, a large amount of power is consumed on the resistor, resulting in a low efficiency of the driver circuit, typically 70%.
  • a large amount of heat is generated when the resistor works, and a large amount of heat is generated by the LED operation.
  • the heat of the resistor is added, so that the first generation AC drive circuit needs to have a good heat dissipation capability.
  • the current flowing through the LED is not constant. A large current surge is generated on the LED during each duty cycle of the AC mains, which directly leads to a decrease in the life of the LED and generates more heat. When the mains voltage fluctuates, the brightness of the LED will flicker.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a second generation LED AC drive circuit in the prior art.
  • the main function of the second generation LED AC drive circuit is to solve the problems of the first generation of LED AC circuits.
  • the working mode is that after the AC mains is rectified, a string of LED light sources is connected. Since the voltage is periodically changed, the voltage is not always constant, so a string of LED light sources is divided into a plurality of groups, and the number of LEDs in each group may be the same or different. Then, the LED light source of the group is connected to the negative end of a string of LED light sources through a switch (such as Kl, K2... in FIG. 2).
  • a switch such as Kl, K2... in FIG. 2
  • the negative terminal of the LED string is connected to a constant current unit H for limiting the current flowing through the LED.
  • the specific working mode is as follows: 1) When the voltage is raised from 0V to the maximum value, the LED lighting sequence is after the first group of LEDs is lit. Light up the next set of LEDs until the last group is lit. 2) When the voltage is reduced from the maximum value to 0V, the LEDs are extinguished in the order after the group of LEDs are extinguished first, and then the previous group of LEDs is extinguished until the first group is extinguished.
  • the second-generation LED AC drive circuit also has a huge disadvantage, because the working mode of the LED string determines that the LED string is not all working during the entire working cycle, so the LED string output light is constantly changing, and the LED string is The utilization of luminescence is low. At the same time, it does not have a full voltage (85V-265V) working mode, and is designed to work at 220V voltage. The LED cannot be fully lit or extinguished at 110V. There are many types of mains voltages in the world, so they are not universal.
  • Fig. 3 is a view showing the configuration of an LED AC drive circuit in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the invention firstly rectifies the alternating current mains, outputs the pulsating direct current, and then connects the LED module, and finally performs current limiting processing.
  • the LED module does not use the circuit architecture of the second-generation LED AC drive technology, but changes the LED from the original string to the series connection and the parallel arrangement.
  • This module mainly decomposes a string of LEDs in the original second-generation LED AC drive technology into different units.
  • the number of LEDs in each unit is one or more, but the total number must not exceed the total number of LEDs.
  • the formula for the total is: Vf
  • Vin is the AC mains voltage and Vf is the tube drop of a single LED.
  • the LEDs in the same unit are connected in series by the LEDs in the unit; the total number of units is one unit or multiple units, but the total number of units is not more than the total number of LEDs. Then divide the number of LED units through the switch. In the circuit structure shown in Fig. 3, the LED string is divided into four, and each switch connects the LED units according to different connections.
  • the tube voltage drop of each LED is 3.2V
  • the LEDs in each cell are connected in series.
  • VI' is the input mains
  • D1 is the rectification unit
  • LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4 is the LED in the divided LED unit
  • unit 1 unit 2, unit 3, unit 4, Added unit after switch.
  • the circuit first connects the mains VI to the LED, switch and current limiting unit after passing through the rectifier unit D1.
  • the unit 1 is connected to one switch S1
  • the unit 2 is connected to two switches S3 and S4
  • the unit 3 is connected to two switches S6 and S7
  • the unit 4 is connected to a switch S9.
  • the switch is connected to the negative end of the LED string in the unit 1 and the other end is connected to the input end of the current limiting unit;
  • the switch S3 is connected to the positive end of the LED string in the unit 2, and the other end is connected to the positive end of the rectifying unit
  • the switch S4 is connected to the negative end of the LED string in the unit 2, and the other end is connected to the input end of the current limiting unit;
  • the switch S6 is connected to the positive end of the LED string in the unit 3, and the other end is connected to the rectifying unit
  • the positive end of the LED string in the switch S7-terminal connection unit 3, the other end is connected to the input end of the current limiting unit;
  • the switch S9 is connected to the positive end of the LED string in the unit 4, and the other end is connected to the rectification The positive end of the unit.
  • the switch S2 is connected to the negative end of the LED string in the unit 1, and the other end is connected to the positive end of the LED string in the unit 2;
  • the switch S5 is connected to the negative end of the LED string in the unit 2, and the other end is connected to the unit 3.
  • the switch S8 is connected to the negative end of the LED string in the unit 3, and the other end is connected to the positive end of the LED string in the unit 4.
  • Fig. 4A shows an alternating current mains waveform diagram
  • Fig. 4B shows a pulsating direct current waveform diagram formed by the mains after full-bridge rectification.
  • Fig. 5 is a view showing a voltage interval of the pulsating DC power which is adjusted in the LED AC drive circuit of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • t represents the time of one cycle of the pulsating direct current after the mains rectification
  • V represents the change of the voltage of the pulsating direct current over time in one cycle.
  • switches S2 and S8 are closed and S3 and S9 are open.
  • unit 1, unit 2, unit 3, and unit 4 are in series relationship.
  • the switches except S2, S5, and S8 are closed, and the other switches are open.
  • the two strings are connected in parallel to the positive terminal of the rectifier unit and the input of the current limiting unit. End, the link is implemented, switches S2 and S8 are closed, and S3 and S9 are disconnected.
  • unit 1, unit 2, unit 3, and unit 4 are in parallel relationship.
  • Vl ', V2', V3', V4' are determined according to the Vf value of the LED string of each unit. For example, VI ' is twice the Vf value of all LEDs connected in series in one unit, and Vmax' is the value of all LED series turn-on voltage.
  • Fig. 6 shows a main schematic diagram of an example constant current converter in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, it includes an operational amplifier UA, a switch tube T, a resistor Re and a RL, and the connection relationship is that the input terminal VCC is connected to one end of the resistor RL, and the other end of the resistor RL is connected to the switch.
  • the drain of the tube T is connected to the output terminal GND, and the other end is connected to the source of the switch tube T, and the opposite end of the op amp is connected to the source of the switch tube T. Finally, the output 12 of the operational amplifier is connected to the gate of the switching transistor T.
  • the working principle is that first, the op amp DA is connected to a reference source VI', and the op amp output terminal 12 is at a high level when the operation starts, so that the switch T is in a conducting state, and a current flows from the input terminal VCC. To GND, a voltage V2' is generated across the resistor Re. When V2, > V1, the output terminal 12 of the op amp is at a low level, so that the switching transistor T is in an off state, preventing current from flowing. Then, because there is no current, the voltage of V2' is low, so Vr > V2', the output of the op amp is high, and the switch T is turned on again. Therefore, the current level can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance of Re.
  • the LED AC drive circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention can solve the disadvantages of the second generation AC drive circuit while retaining the advantages of the original circuit.
  • the LEDs are all working, LED utilization is high, and full voltage operation is achieved. At different voltages, all LEDs are working and the brightness is unchanged. It has global versatility.
  • the power factor (PF) of the LED product can be >0.95, while the total harmonics
  • LED lighting products need to be compatible with traditional TRIAC dimmers, so when dimming with TRIAC dimmers, It is equivalent to changing the duty ratio of the output light to achieve the adjustment of the brightness, and no flicker occurs during the dimming process.
  • the dimming effect is better than the second-generation LED AC drive technology, because the present invention uses the overall illumination, while the second generation LED AC drive technology has partial illumination, and some does not emit light.
  • Electrolytic capacitors are not used in the whole circuit.
  • the working life of other electronic components is much longer than the working life of LEDs. Therefore, the life of products using such circuits is longer than that of switching power supply technology that must use capacitors, and the cost is low. .
  • And its cost performance is better than the first generation, the second generation of LED Stream drive technology is high. It has good economic value, greatly reduces costs, and the product quality is greatly improved. For an excellent low carbon product.
  • Fig. 7 is a view showing the configuration of an LED AC drive circuit in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the grid voltage is AC220V and the frequency is 50Hz. Therefore, the number of LEDs (N) is calculated first, and the tube voltage drop of the selected LED is 3V.
  • the preferred quantity is ⁇ ⁇ 0.9 « 92
  • the number of LEDs is calculated to be 90, and the LED is evenly divided into 6 units (here, it is preferably evenly divided, or unevenly divided), and the number of LEDs per unit is 15, and the 15 LEDs are connected in series.
  • the LEDs of 6 units are connected by the switches S1 to S15 in the manner of FIG. 7, and then a current limiting unit is connected in series, and the maximum value of the current flowing through the LED is limited to the rated current range thereof, and finally It is connected to the pulsating DC power that has been rectified by the 220V mains.
  • the number of cells divided in the circuit can be adjusted according to the condition of the commercial power (the number of cells can be from 1 unit to N (the maximum number of LEDs) units); in this embodiment, 6 units are selected considering cost efficiency. .
  • the number of LEDs in each unit is the same, so the number of switches is also adjusted according to the number of units and the connection method; the circuit can work in an AC voltage of 300V to 5V. .
  • Fig. 8 is a view showing a state of each switch in the LED AC drive circuit in the voltage section in the second embodiment of the present invention, where 0 indicates disconnection and 1 indicates closure.
  • the switch is correspondingly controlled according to the corresponding voltage interval.
  • the switches in the circuit can be varied into diodes. 9, 10, 11, and 12 show the structural schematic diagrams of the various stages of the modified embodiment of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the switches S2, S5, S8, S12, and S15 in the second embodiment are replaced with diodes D2, D3, D4, D5, and D6 to further simplify the circuit and reduce the cost, which can achieve the same in a specific work. Work effect.
  • the LEDs of the six cells are connected in parallel (voltage from VI to V2): All switches are closed, and all diodes used to replace the switches are off, so the six cells are implemented in parallel.
  • the turn-on voltage is 1/6 of the sum of all LED series turn-on voltages.
  • Fig. 13 is a view showing a state of each switch in the LED AC drive circuit in the voltage range in the variation embodiment, where 0 indicates disconnection and 1 indicates closure.
  • FIG. 14 shows a schematic diagram of switch control in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the mains input detection mainly detects the pulsating DC voltage that is rectified by the full bridge;
  • the switch control makes a control signal for each switch according to the pulsating DC voltage value and the number of the decomposition switches;
  • the switch drive converts the control signal into A drive circuit capable of controlling the closing and opening of the switch.
  • Figure 15 is a diagram showing the voltage waveform (dotted line) of the mains in the period of an alternating current and the luminous flux (solid line) of all the LEDs according to the present invention in this period, which clearly shows the beneficial effects of the present invention. effect.

Abstract

一种LED交流驱动电路,包括:整流单元,限流单元,M个LED单元,每个LED单元包括ni个串联的LED,其中1≤i≤M,且n1+n2+…+nM=N,1≤M≤N,且N通过式(I)确定。所述M个LED单元顺序与所述整流单元的正端和连接在所述整流单元的负端上的限流单元相连接,其中第一LED单元包括串联在LED串的负端的开关,第iLED单元包括串联在LED串的正端的开关和串联在LED串负端的开关,1≤i≤M-1,以及第M LED单元包括串联在LED串的正端的开关;以及M-1个断开或导通控制连接线路,其中,通过改变各个开关的打开、关闭状态以及所述断开或导通控制连接线路的断开或导通状态,改变各个LED单元的串并联状态,从而使得在所述脉动直流电的各个电压范围内全部LED都正常工作。

Description

LED交流驱动电路 本申请要求于 2013 年 8 月 23 日提交中国国家知识产权局、 申请号为 201310373427.1、发明名称为 "LED交流驱动电路"的中国专利申请的优先权, 该在先申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域 本发明涉及 LED驱动电路技术领域, 具体的 , 涉及一种 LED交流驱动电 路。
背景技术
当前, 节能环保的意识越来越受到社会各界广泛关注。 在照明领域, 表现 为大量釆用具有独特节能优势的 LED照明产品。
现有技术中, LED 照明产品的驱动电路通常釆用传统的开关恒流电源技 术( AC-DC )。 这些驱动电路的使用寿命都远远低于 LED本身的使用寿命, 这 导致 LED照明产品的实际使用寿命较传统的节能灯管没有优势。 因此, 人们 提出了将 LED直接接入交流市电的第一代 LED交流驱动技术,这种技术可以 解决传统驱动电源的寿命问题, 但是驱动效率很低, 一般低于 70%, 而开关恒 流电源的驱动效率通常大于 80%。另外,由于第一代 LED交流驱动技术的 LED 工作电流是时刻变化的, 在交流市电的每个周期中都会产生一个冲击, 这对 LED自身寿命会有损伤, 同时会导致 LED发光效率的降低, 随着市电的波动 会使得人眼看到明显的闪烁。
针对第一代 LED交流驱动技术的上述缺陷,人们提出了第二代 LED交流 驱动技术, 将原来单一的 LED 串分成了若干个单元, 每个单元由一个或多个 LED 串联在一起, 对每个单元设置接地开关, 然后设置限流装置; 运行时, 釆用控制电路检测输入电压值,根据该电压值来选择其中的一个开关导通。该 驱动技术的优点在于, 由于交流市电成正弦波形, 电压随时间变化而变化, 当 电压低时点亮第一个单元, 电压升高时点亮第一、 第二两个单元, 当电压开始 降低时, 再点亮其中的第一个单元, 如此往复。 这样就将驱动的效率从原来的 小于 70%提高到了 90%。 同时, 由于釆用了限流技术, 使流过 LED电流的峰 值得到了限制, 也就保护了 LED本身, 同时也解决了交流市电电压波动时产 生明显闪烁的问题。
第二 LED交流驱动技术虽然解决了第一代技术存在的问题, 但是仍然存 在一些缺陷。 例如, 当前市场需求期望 LED照明产品能够兼容传统的 TRIAC 调光器, 实现调光功能。 这种需求对传统的开关恒流电源来说是难以实现, 市 面上的可调光开关恒流电源的调光效果差 (会有闪烁), 同样的需求对于第一 代交流驱动技术来说存在一个明显的亮度突变 (突然变亮或变暗), 对于第二 代 LED交流驱动技术来说, 虽然调光中的亮度不会有明显的闪烁和突变, 但 是在调光过程中会出现很多个单元的 LED不亮的现象,这对于 LED照明来说 会导致部分出光面没有光。 结果, 虽然实现了调节亮度的大小, 却影响了光的 输出。
此外,第二代 LED交流驱动技术在不同时间内 LED的工作数量是不同的, 只有很少的时间是全部发光, 结果没有充分利用所有的 LED。
另外,第二代 LED交流驱动技术虽然釆用了限流技术,但是没有解决 LED 照明产品输出光的亮度问题,即划分了多少个单元就会有两倍于所分单元数量 的亮度阶梯(亮度在一段时间内恒定, 当电压升高, 亮度就会上升到一定值后 保持)。
再者, 第二代 LED交流驱动技术与第一代技术一样, 一款产品只能工作 在一个电网电压下。例如,如果将 110V的交流产品工作在 220V电网中, LED 产品的亮度功率等会增加,甚至损坏; 同样, 如杲将 220V的产品工作在 110V 电网中, 其功率和亮度都会降低, 甚至不亮。
因此, 希望开发出一种 LED交流驱动电路, 其能够实现第二代交流技术 的优点的同时,还能够让 LED输出的光时恒定,没有阶梯。此外,还需要 LED 交流驱动电路可以像传统开关电源那样可以工作在不同的电网电压下,并保持 功率和亮度不会改变。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种 LED交流驱动电路, 包括:
整流单元,其连接在交流市电上,用于对市电进行整流而输出脉动直流电; 限流单元, 其串联在电路中, 用于限制电路中的电流大小;
M个 LED单元, 每个 LED单元包括 ni个串联的 LED, 其中 l i M, JL nl+n2+...+nM=N, 1 < M < N,
且 N通过下式确定:
其中 Vin为交流市电电压, Vf为单个 LED的管压降,
所述 M个 LED单元顺序地以其两端, 即靠近其 LED串的正端的一端和 靠近其 LED串的负端的另一端, 与所述整流单元的正端和连接在所述整流单 元的负端上的限流单元相连接,其中第一 LED单元包括串联在 LED串的负端 的开关,第 i LED单元包括串联在 LED串的正端的开关和串联在 LED串负端 的开关, l i M-l , 以及第 M LED单元包括串联在 LED串的正端的开关; 以及,
M-1个断开或导通控制连接线路, 其每个的一端连接在第 i个 LED单元 的 LED串的负端,另一端连接在第 i+1 LED单元的 LED串的正端, 1 i M-1 , 用于通过断开或导通而控制电路布局,
其中,通过改变各个开关的打开、 关闭状态以及所述断开或导通控制连接 线路的断开或导通状态, 改变各个 LED单元的串并联状态, 从而使得在所述 脉动直流电的各个电压范围内全部 LED都正常工作。
根据本发明一方面, 其中市电电压为 220V, 每颗 LED的管压降为 3.2V, N=96, M=4。
根据本发明另一方面, 其中第 1 LED单元包括串联在其 LED串的负端的 串的负端的开关 S4; 第 3 LED单元包括串联在其 LED串的正端的开关 S6和 串联在其 LED串的负端的开关 S7; 以及第 4 LED单元包括串联在其 LED串 的正端的开关 S9。
根据本发明另一方面, 其中包括三个断开或导通控制连接线路, 其分别为 开关 S2、 S5和 S8 ,其中,开关 S2—端连接第 1 LED单元内的 LED串的负端, 另一端连接第 2 LED单元内的 LED串的正端; 开关 S5—端连接第 2 LED单 元内的 LED串的负端, 另一端连接第 3 LED单元内的 LED串的正端; 以及开 关 S8—端连接第 3 LED单元内的 LED串的负端, 另一端连接第 4 LED单元 内的 LED串的正端。
根据本发明另一方面, 其中当所述脉动直流电的电压从 0V升高到 VI,期 间, 将开关 S2、 S5、 S8断开, 其余开关闭合, 使得第 1 LED单元、 第 2 LED 单元、 第 3 LED单元、 第 4 LED单元为并联关系; 当所述脉动直流电的电压 从 VI,升高到 V2,期间, 将开关 S2、 S4、 S6、 和 S8闭合, 开关 Sl、 S3、 S5、 S7和 S9断开, 使得第 1 LED单元和第 2 LED单元串联连接、 第 3 LED单元 和第 4 LED单元串联连接, 并使得这两串并联; 当所述脉动直流电的电压从 V2'升高到 Vmax'期间,将开关 S2、 S5、 S8闭合、其余开关断开,使得第 1 LED 单元、 第 2 LED单元、 第 3 LED单元和第 4 LED单元串联连接, 其中 Vl '、 V2'为所述脉动直流电的上升沿中特定电压, V1 '<V2' ,其值使得全部所述 LED 单元在对应连接关系下都可以正常工作, Vmax,为所述脉动直流电的最大电压 值, 当所述脉动直流电的电压从 Vmax'降低到零期间,根据相应的电压区间对 应地控制所述开关。
根据本发明另一方面, 其中市电电压为 220V, 每颗 LED的管压降为 3V, N=90 , M=6。
根据本发明另一方面, 其中第 1 LED单元包括串联在其 LED串的负端的 串的负端的开关 S4; 第 3 LED单元包括串联在其 LED串的正端的开关 S6和 串联在其 LED串的负端的开关 S7; 第 4 LED单元包括串联在其 LED串的正 端的开关 S9和串联在其 LED串的负端的开关 S10;第 5 LED单元包括串联在 其 LED串的正端的开关 S11和串联在其 LED串的负端的开关 S13; 以及第 6 LED单元包括串联在其 LED串的正端的开关 S14。
根据本发明另一方面, 其中包括五个断开或导通控制连接线路, 其分别为 开关 S2、 S5、 S8、 S12和 S15 , 其中, 开关 S2—端连接第 1 LED单元内的 LED串的负端, 另一端连接第 2 LED单元内的 LED串的正端; 开关 S5—端 连接第 2 LED单元内的 LED串的负端, 另一端连接第 3 LED单元内的 LED 串的正端; 开关 S8—端连接第 3 LED单元内的 LED串的负端, 另一端连接 第 4 LED单元内的 LED串的正端;开关 S12—端连接第 4 LED单元内的 LED 串的负端, 另一端连接第 5 LED单元内的 LED串的正端; 以及开关 S15—端 连接第 5 LED单元内的 LED串的负端, 另一端连接第 6 LED单元内的 LED 串的正端。
根据本发明另一方面, 其中包括五个断开或导通控制连接线路, 其分别为 二极管 D2、 D3、 D4、 D5和 D6, 其中, 二极管 D2正极连接第 1 LED单元内 的 LED串的负端, 负极连接第 2 LED单元内的 LED串的正端; 二极管 D3正 极连接第 2 LED单元内的 LED串的负端, 负极连接第 3 LED单元内的 LED 串的正端; 二极管 D4正极连接第 3 LED单元内的 LED串的负端, 负极连接 第 4 LED单元内的 LED串的正端;二极管 D5正极连接第 4 LED单元内的 LED 串的负端, 负极连接第 5 LED单元内的 LED串的正端; 以及二极管 D6正极 连接第 5 LED单元内的 LED串的负端, 负极连接第 6 LED单元内的 LED串 的正端。
根据本发明另一方面, 其中当所述脉动直流电的电压从 VI升高到 V2期 间, 将开关 S2、 S5、 S8、 S12和 S15 断开或使二极管 D2、 D3、 D4、 D5和 D6截止, 其余开关闭合, 使得所述 6个 LED单元并联连接, 其中导通电压为 全部 LED 串联导通电压总和的 1/6; 当所述脉动直流电的电压从 V2升高到 V3期间, 将开关 Sl、 S3、 S7、 S9、 S13、 S14断开, 将所述 LED单元中的其 余开关闭合, 并且还将开关 S2、 S8、 S15闭合, 将开关 S5、 S12断开, 或者 在二极管的情况中 D2、 D4、 D6处于导通状态, D3、 D5处于截止状态, 从而 使得 LED1单元和 LED2单元串联、 LED3单元和 LED4单元串联、 LED5单 元和 LED6单元串联, 并且还使得这 3 串再并联, 其中导通电压为全部 LED 串联导通电压总和的 1/3; 当所述脉动直流电的电压从 V3升高到 V4期间,将 开关 Sl、 S3、 S4、 S6、 S9、 S10、 Sll、 S13、 S14断开, 将所述 LED单元中 的其余开关闭合, 并且还将开关 S2、 S5、 S12和 S15闭合、 将开关 S8断开, 或者在二极管的情况中 D2、 D3、 D5、 D6处于导通状态, D4处于截止状态, 从而使得 LED 1、 LED2和 LED3 串联, LED4、 LED5和 LED6串联, 并且还 使得这 2串再并联, 其中导通电压为全部 LED串联导通电压总和的 1/2; 当所 述脉动直流电的电压从 V4升高到 Vmax期间,此时所述 LED单元中的所有开 关全部断开, 开关 S2、 S5、 S8、 S12和 S15全部闭合或者所有的二极管全部 导通, 从而使得 6个 LED单元的 LED全部串联, 其中导通电压为全部 LED 串联导通电压总和, 其中 VI、 V2、 V3、 V4为所述脉动直流电的上升沿中特 定电压, V1<V2<V3<V4 , 其值使得全部所述 LED单元在对应连接关系下都可 以正常工作, Vmax为全部 LED 串联导通电压总和, 当所述脉动直流电的电 压从 Vmax降低到零期间, 根据相应的电压区间对应地控制所述开关。
根据本发明另一方面, 其还包括开关控制装置, 其检测脉动直流电压并根 据该电压控制所述开关的闭合和断开。
根据本发明的 LED交流驱动电路可以解决现有技术中的缺点, 同时保留 原有电路的优点。 在一个周期中, LED都是整体在工作, LED发光的利用率 高, 同时实现了全电压工作, 在不同的电压下, 所有的 LED都在工作, 且亮 度没有变化。 从而具有全球通用性。
附图说明 图 1示出了现有技术中第一代 LED交流驱动电路的结构示意图; 图 2示出了现有技术中第二代 LED交流驱动电路的结构示意图; 图 3示出了根据本发明第一实施例的 LED交流驱动电路的结构示意图; 图 4A示出交流市电波形图;
图 4B示出市电经过全桥整流后形成的脉动直流电波形图;
图 5示出在本发明第一实施例的 LED交流驱动电路中进行调节的脉动直 流电的电压区间;
图 6示出本发明实施例中的示例恒流器的主要原理图;
图 7示出根据本发明第二实施例的 LED交流驱动电路的结构示意图; 图 8示出本发明第二实施例中的 LED交流驱动电路中的各个开关在电压 区间中的状态图;
图 9、 图 10、 图 11和图 12示出第二实施例的变化实施例的各个阶段的结 构示意图;
图 13示出变化实施例中的 LED交流驱动电路中的各个开关在电压区间中 的状态图;
图 14示出本发明实施例中的开关控制示意图;
图 15示出在一个交流电的周期内, 市电的电压波形图 (虚线)与才艮据本 发明的所有 LED在这个周期内的光通量(实线) 的示意图。 具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明了, 下面结合具体实施方 式并参照附图,对本发明进一步详细说明。应该理解,这些描述只是示例性的, 而并非要限制本发明的范围。 此外, 在以下说明中, 省略了对公知结构和技术 的描述, 以避免不必要地混淆本发明的概念。
图 1示出了现有技术中第一代 LED交流驱动电路的结构示意图。 如图 1 所示, 其电路的主要特点是, 在整个电路中釆用电阻来限流, 整个电路结构简 单。该电路结构的缺点是,由于釆用了电阻限流,电阻上需要消耗大量的电能, 导致驱动电路效率较低,一般为 70%。且电阻工作时产生大量的热量, 而 LED 工作就会有大量的热量产生,在加上电阻的热量,使得第一代交流驱动电路需 要有良好的散热能力。 另外, 流过 LED的电流不是恒定的, 在交流市电的每 个工作周期都要对 LED产生一个较大的电流冲击,直接导致 LED的寿命下降, 同时产生更多的热量。 市电电压有波动时, LED的亮度会有明显的闪烁。
图 2示出了现有技术中第二代 LED交流驱动电路的结构示意图。 第二代 LED交流驱动电路的主要功能是解决第一代 LED交流电路存在的问题。 其工 作方式为, 交流市电通过整流后, 接入一串 LED光源。 因为电压是周期变化 的, 电压不是一直恒定, 因而将一串 LED光源划分为多个组, 每个组 LED的 数量可以相同, 也可以不同。 再将分好组的 LED光源, 通过一个开关接到一 串 LED光源的负端(如图 2中的 Kl , K2... ... )。 最后将 LED串的负端接入一 个恒流单元 H, 用于限制流过 LED的电流。 这样 LED工作方式为随经过整流 后的市电电压的变化而变化, 其具体工作方式为: 1 ) 当电压由 0V升高到最 大值期间, LED点亮顺序为第一组 LED点亮后, 再点亮下一组 LED, 直到最 后一组点亮。 2 ) 当电压由最大值降低到 0V期间, LED熄灭顺序为组后一组 LED先熄灭, 再熄灭前一的组 LED, 直到第一组熄灭。 这样就实现了提高驱 动的效率, 实现了较高的功率因数; 因为有恒流器 H, 所以当市电有电压波动 时, 可以降低 LED的闪烁。 但是, 第二代 LED交流驱动电路也存在巨大的缺 点, 因为 LED串的工作方式决定了在整个工作周期中, LED串不是全部在工 作, 所以存在 LED串输出光不断变化, 且对 LED串的发光的利用率较低。 同 时不具有全电压(85V-265V )的工作模式, 设计工作在 220V电压的驱动, 工 作在 110V时 LED不能全亮或熄灭。 而全球的市电电压有许多种, 因此不具 有通用性。
图 3示出根据本发明第一实施例的 LED交流驱动电路的结构示意图。 本 发明首先将交流市电通过整流后, 输出脉动直流电, 再将 LED模组接入, 最 后再进行限流处理。 LED模组不是釆用第二代 LED交流驱动技术中的电路架 构, 而是将 LED由原来的一串, 改变为可串联同时也可以实现并联的排列方 式。这种模组主要是将原来的第二代 LED交流驱动技术中一串 LED进行分解 为不同单元, 每个单元内的 LED为一颗或多颗, 但总体数量不得超过 LED的 总数, LED最大总数的计算公式为: Vf
其中 Vin为交流市电电压, Vf为单个 LED的管压降,
在同一单元内的 LED釆用串联方式将该单元内的 LED全部连接; 同时所 分单元的总数为一个单元或多个单元,但是分的单元总数不超过 LED的总数。 然后将分好数量的 LED单元通过开关连接。 在如图 3所示的电路结构中, 将 LED串分为 4个, 每个开关按照不同的接法将 LED单元连接起来。
当市电电压为 220V, 每颗 LED的管压降为 3.2V, 通过上述公式计算出 LED的最大总数 W =
Figure imgf000010_0001
=1.414*220/3.2=97, 将其均分为 4个单元, 每个 单元为 24颗, 总共用了 24*4=96颗。 每个单元内的 LED釆用串联方式连接。
如图 3所示,图中 VI'为输入市电, D1为整流单元, LED1 , LED2, LED3 , LED4为所分的 LED单元内的 LED; 单元 1 , 单元 2, 单元 3 , 单元 4, 为增 加了开关后的单元。 电路中还有限流单元, 用于限制流过 LED的电流。
电路首先将市电 VI,经过整流单元 D1后,接入到 LED,开关和限流单元。 其中, 单元 1接入一个开关 S1 , 单元 2接入两个开关 S3、 S4, 单元 3接入两 个开关 S6、 S7, 单元 4接入一个开关 S9。
开关 SI—端连接单元 1内的 LED串的负端,另一端连接到限流单元的输 入端; 开关 S3—端连接单元 2内的 LED串的正端, 另一端连接到整流单元的 正端; 开关 S4—端连接单元 2内的 LED串的负端, 另一端连接到限流单元的 输入端; 开关 S6—端连接单元 3内的 LED串的正端, 另一端连接到整流单元 的正端; 开关 S7—端连接单元 3内的 LED串的负端, 另一端连接到限流单元 的输入端; 开关 S9—端连接单元 4内的 LED串的正端, 另一端连接到整流单 元的正端。
另外, 开关 S2—端连接单元 1 内的 LED 串的负端, 另一端连接单元 2 内的 LED串的正端; 开关 S5—端连接单元 2内的 LED串的负端, 另一端连 接单元 3内的 LED串的正端; 开关 S8—端连接单元 3内的 LED串的负端, 另一端连接单元 4内的 LED串的正端。
图 4A示出交流市电波形图, 且图 4B示出市电经过全桥整流后形成的脉 动直流电波形图。
图 5示出在本发明第一实施例的 LED交流驱动电路中进行调节的脉动直 流电的电压区间。 其中 t表示市电整流后的脉动直流电的一个周期的时间, V 表示脉动直流电的电压在一个周期内随时间的变化示意图。 当电压从 0V开始 到 VI,间, 单元 1、 单元 2、 单元 3、 单元 4为并联关系, 开关除 S2, S5 , S8 是断开外, 其余开关为闭合。 当电压从 VI,开始升高到 V2'间, 单元 1和单元 2为串联连接, 单元 3和单元 4为串联连接; 最后将这两串并联, 接入整流单 元的正端和限流单元的输入端。 为实现该连接, 将开关 S2和 S8闭合, S3和 S9断开。 当电压从 V2,开始升高到 Vmax'间, 单元 1、 单元 2、 单元 3、 单元 4为串联关系,开关除 S2 , S5 , S8是闭合夕卜,其余开关为断开。当电压从 Vmax, 开始降低到 V4'间 ,单元 1和单元 2为串联连接,单元 3和单元 4为串联连接; 最后将这两串并联, 接入整流单元的正端和限流单元的输入端, 实现该链接, 将开关 S2和 S8闭合, S3和 S9断开。 当电压从 V4'降低到 0V间, 单元 1、 单元 2、 单元 3、 单元 4为并联关系, 开关除 S2, S5 , S8是断开外, 其余开 关为闭合。 其中 Vl '、 V2'、 V3'、 V4'的电压值根据每个单元的 LED 串的 Vf 值来确定。 例如 VI '是两倍于一个单元内的所有 LED串联后的 Vf值, Vmax' 为全部 LED串联导通电压值。
限流单元的输入端接入到 LED的负端, 其输出端接到整流单元的负端。 其功能主要是为限制整个回路中的电流。图 6示出本发明实施例中的示例恒流 器的主要原理图。 如图所示, 其中包括运放 UA、 开关管 T、 电阻 Re和 RL, 其连接关系为,输入端 VCC接入电阻 RL的一端, 电阻 RL的另一端接到开关 管 T的漏极; 将电阻 Re的一端接入输出端 GND, 另一端接入开关管 T的源 极, 同时将运放的反向端接入开关管 T的源极。 最后将运放的输出端 12接入 到开关管 T的栅极。
其工作原理为, 首先运放同向端 DA接入一个基准源 VI' , 开始工作时运 放输出端 12为高电平, 这样开关管 T 出于导通状态, 有电流从输入端 VCC 流到 GND, 这样在电阻 Re上产生一个电压 V2' , 当 V2, > V1,时, 运放输出 端 12为低电平, 这样开关管 T出于截止状态, 阻止电流流过。 然后, 因为没 有了电流这样 V2'的电压为低电平, 这样 Vr > V2', 运放输出端为高电平, 开关管 T又出于导通状态。因此可以通过调整 Re的阻值实现电流大小的调节。
根据本发明第一实施例的 LED交流驱动电路可以解决第二代交流驱动电 路中的缺点, 同时保留原有电路的优点。 在一个周期中, LED 都是整体在工 作, LED发光的利用率高, 同时实现了全电压工作, 在不同的电压下, 所有 的 LED都在工作, 且亮度没有变化。 从而具有全球通用性。
如前文所述,初始时将所有的开关断开, 然后当经过整流后的脉动直流电 的电压由 0开始升高到 VI,时, 首先将开关 Sl、 S3、 S4、 S6、 S7和 S9闭合, 这样将 LED1单元、 LED2单元、 LED3单元和 LED4单元并联在一起, 使得 LED 串的工作电压门限降为第二代 LED交流驱动技术中一串 LED的四分之 一, 同时所有 LED都在同时正常工作。
当电压从 VI,升高到 V2,时, 我们再将 S2和 S8闭合, 同时将 Sl、 S3、 S7和 S9断开。 这样将 LED1单元和 LED2单元串联在一起, 同样将 LED3单 元和 LED4单元也串联在一起, 这样将此前的四个单元合并为两个单元, 这两 个单元再次并联, 因此其 LED的出入门限电压也随之上升, 同时所有的 LED 都在工作。
当电压从 V2,升高到 Vmax,后, 我们再将开关 S5闭合, 同时将开关 S4和 S6断开。 这样将 LED还原为原来的一串 LED , 同时所有 LED都在工作。 为 了保护 LED的工作电流不超过其允许的值,我们可以在电路中加入限流单元, 以保护 LED。
电压达到最高点 (Vmax,)后开始下降, 在从 Vmax降到 V3,前, 我们的每 个开关的状态保持不变, 当电压从 V3,降到 V4,时, 将开关 S5断开, 同时开 关 S2、 S4、 S6和 S8闭合, 这样将 LED串恢复为两个单元并联, 使 LED工作 门限电压下降一半, 同时 LED可以全部工作。
当电压从 V4'降到 0时, 我们将开关 S2和 S8断开, 同时将开关 Sl、 S3、 S7和 S9闭合, 这样将原来的两个单元, 改变为四个单元并联, 因此 LED的 工作电压再次下降, 所有的 LED全部工作。 如此反复。
通过本发明第一实施例中的电路可获得如下有益效果:
1 )我们实际使用的市电的电压是不稳定, 为了使 LED在工作中不受电网 电压波动的影响, 我们可以在电路中加入限流单元, 这样在电压高于 LED的 工作电压范围内的能量被限流单元吸收,这样当电网电压升高或下降在一定范 围内 (电网电压波动范围 ± 10% ), 不会出现闪烁。
2 )这种交流 LED驱动电路很好的解决了, 此前交流 LED产品, 不能同 时工作在多个电压范围内 (如中国电压 AC220V、 欧美国家电压 AC230V、 AC110V、 AC 120V, AC127V ) 的问题, 同时在不同的电网电压下 LED照明 产品的亮度和功率不变话。 因此这样的产品全球通用。
3 )通过这种电路可以使 LED产品的功率因数 ( PF ) >0.95, 同时总谐波
( THD ) <15%,整个电路的效率11 >95% 。
4 )可以工作在不同的工作频率下, 适应各个国家地区的电网工作频率 (常 见的电网频率 50Hz或 60Hz )。
5 )整个电路中没有产生高频, 因为工作在工频电压状态中, 不会产生电 磁干扰, 因而具有良好的 EMC性能。
6 ) 由于在不同的阶段 LED是全部工作, 且每个阶段 LED产品输出的光 是一致的, 因 LED照明产品需要能够兼容传统的 TRIAC调光器, 这样在使用 TRIAC调光器调光时, 相当于是改变了输出光的占空比, 来实现亮度的调节, 且在调光过程中不会产生闪烁。 调光的效果好于第二代 LED交流驱动技术, 因为本发明是釆用整体发光, 而第二代 LED交流驱动技术时会有部分发光, 部分不发光的时。
7 )整个电路中不会使用电解电容, 其他的电子元器件的工作寿命都远大 于 LED的工作寿命, 因此使用这种电路的产品寿命长于必须使用电容的开关 电源技术的产品, 同时成本较低。 而且其性价比也比第一代, 第二代 LED交 流驱动技术高。 具有良好的经济价值, 大大降低成本, 且产品品质大大提升。 为了一种优秀的低碳产品。
图 7示出根据本发明第二实施例的 LED交流驱动电路的结构示意图。 其 中电网电压 AC220V, 频率 50Hz, 因此首先计算 LED的数量 (N), 其中选择 LED的管压降为 3V。
根据上述公式 vf
Figure imgf000014_0001
优选数量为 Ν χ 0.9 « 92
从而计算得出 LED数量为 90,再将 LED均匀分为 6个单元(此处优选为 均分, 也可以不均分),每个单元 LED数量为 15颗, 将这 15颗 LED串联成 一串, 同时用开关 S1到 S15将 6个单元的 LED按照图 7的方式连接, 然后串 接一个限流单元, 将流过 LED的电流的最大值进行限定在其额定的电流范围 内, 最后将其接入到经过将 220V市电全桥整流后的脉动直流电中。
该电路中所分单元数量可以根据市电的情况进行调整(分的单元数量可以 为从 1个单元到 N ( LED最大总数 )个单元;), 在该实施例中考虑成本效率选 取 6个单元。为了能够实现一个较为合理的分配方案,优选每个单元内的 LED 数量相同, 因此开关的数量也根据分的单元数量与连接方法作相应的调整; 该 电路可以工作在 300V到 5V的交流电压中。
图 8示出本发明第二实施例中的 LED交流驱动电路中的各个开关在电压 区间中的状态图, 其中 0表示断开, 1表示闭合。
当所述脉动直流电的电压从 VI升高到 V2期间,将开关 S2、 S5、 S8、 S12 和 S15断开, 其余开关闭合, 使得所述 6个 LED单元并联连接, 其中导通电 压为全部 LED串联导通电压总和的 1/6。
当所述脉动直流电的电压从 V2升高到 V3期间,将开关 Sl、 S3、 S7、 S9、
S13、 S14断开, 将所述 LED单元中的其余开关闭合, 并且还将开关 S2、 S8、 S15闭合,将开关 S5、 S12断开,从而使得 LED1单元和 LED2单元串联、 LED3 单元和 LED4单元串联、 LED5单元和 LED6单元串联, 并且还使得这 3串再 并联, 其中导通电压为全部 LED串联导通电压总和的 1/3。
当所述脉动直流电的电压从 V3升高到 V4期间,将开关 Sl、 S3、 S4、 S6、 S9、 S10、 Sll、 S13、 S14断开, 将所述 LED单元中的其余开关闭合, 并且还 将开关 S2、 S5、 S12和 S15 闭合、 将开关 S8断开, 从而使得 LED1、 LED2 和 LED3串联, LED4、 LED5和 LED6串联, 并且还使得这 2串再并联, 其中 导通电压为全部 LED串联导通电压总和的 1/2。
当所述脉动直流电的电压从 V4升高到 Vmax期间,此时所述 LED单元中 的所有开关全部断开, 开关 S2、 S5、 S8、 S12和 S15全部闭合, 从而使得 6 个 LED单元的 LED全部串联,其中导通电压为全部 LED串联导通电压总和。
当所述脉动直流电的电压从 Vmax降低到零期间,根据相应的电压区间对 应地控制所述开关。
根据本发明原理, 电路中的开关可以变化为二极管。 图 9、 图 10、 图 11 和图 12示出本发明第二实施例的变化实施例的各个阶段的结构示意图。 其中 将第二实施例中的开关 S2、 S5、 S8、 S12、 S15替换为二极管 D2、 D3、 D4、 D5、 D6, 以进一步简化电路和降低成本, 其在具体的工作中可以实现达到相 同的工作效果。
如图 9所示, 6个单元的 LED并联(电压从 VI到 V2 ): 所有开关闭合, 所有用于替换开关的二极管都处于截止状态, 因而这 6个单元实现为并联。导 通电压为所有 LED串联导通电压总和的 1/6。
如图 10所示, 两个单元串联再有 3组并联(电压从 V2到 V3 ): 此时将 开关 Sl、 S3、 S7、 S9、 S13、 S14 断开, 其余开关闭合, 此时 D2、 D4、 D6 处于导通状态, D3、 D5依旧处于截止状态。 这样 LED1单元和 LED2单元通 过 D2串接成一串, LED3单元和 LED4单元通过 D4串接成一串, LED5单元 和 LED6单元通过 D6串接成一串, 最后这 3串再并联。 导通电压为所有 LED 串联导通电压总和的 1/3。
如图 11所示, 3个单元串联, 且该 2个组并联(电压从 V3到 V4 ): 此时 将开关 Sl、 S3、 S4、 S6、 S10、 Sll、 S13、 S14 断开, 其余开关闭合, 此时 D2、 D3、 D5、 D6 处于导通状态, D4 处于截止状态。 这样将 LED1、 LED2 和 LED3通过 D2和 D3串接为一串; 将 LED4、 LED5和 LED6通过 D5和 D6 串接为一串; 最后 2串 LED再并联。 导通电压为所有 LED串联导通电压总和 的 1/2。
如图 12所示 (电压从 V4到 V5 ): 此时所有开关全部断开, 所有的二极 管全部导通,从而将 6个单元的 LED全部串接成为一串。导通电压为所有 LED 串联导通电压总和。
图 13示出变化实施例中的 LED交流驱动电路中的各个开关在电压区间中 的状态图, 其中 0表示断开, 1表示闭合。
实际的工作中需要一个开关控制装置, 该装置包括市电输入检测, 开关控 制, 开关驱动 3个部分, 图 14示出本发明实施例中的开关控制示意图。 其中, 市电输入检测主要是检测经过全桥整流和的脉动直流电压;开关控制根据脉动 直流电压值和分解开关数量来做出开关对每个开关的控制信号;以及开关驱动 将控制信号转化为能够控制开关闭合和断开的驱动电路。 图 15示出在一个交 流电的周期内, 市电的电压波形图 (虚线)与根据本发明实施的所有 LED在 这个周期内的光通量(实线) 的示意图, 其清楚示出了本发明的有益效果。
应当理解的是,本发明的上述具体实施方式仅仅用于示例性说明或解释本 发明的原理, 而不构成对本发明的限制。 因此, 在不偏离本发明的精神和范围 的情况下所做的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围 之内。 此外, 本发明所附权利要求旨在涵盖落入所附权利要求范围和边界、 或 者这种范围和边界的等同形式内的全部变化和修改例。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种 LED交流驱动电路, 包括:
整流单元,其连接在交流市电上,用于对市电进行整流而输出脉动直流电; 限流单元, 其串联在电路中, 用于限制电路中的电流大小;
M个 LED单元, 每个 LED单元包括 ni个串联的 LED, 其中 l i M,
JL nl+n2+...+nM=N, 1 < M < N,
且 N通过下式确定: vf
其中 Vin为交流市电电压, Vf为单个 LED的管压降,
所述 M个 LED单元顺序地以其两端, 即靠近其 LED串的正端的一端和 靠近其 LED串的负端的另一端, 与所述整流单元的正端和连接在所述整流单 元的负端上的限流单元相连接,其中第一 LED单元包括串联在 LED串的负端 的开关,第 i LED单元包括串联在 LED串的正端的开关和串联在 LED串负端 的开关, l i M-l , 以及第 M LED单元包括串联在 LED串的正端的开关; 以及,
M-1个断开或导通控制连接线路, 其每个的一端连接在第 i个 LED单元 的 LED串的负端,另一端连接在第 i+1 LED单元的 LED串的正端, 1 i M-1 , 用于通过断开或导通而控制电路布局,
其中,通过改变各个开关的打开、 关闭状态以及所述断开或导通控制连接 线路的断开或导通状态, 改变各个 LED单元的串并联状态, 从而使得在所述 脉动直流电的各个电压范围内全部 LED都正常工作。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的 LED交流驱动电路, 其中市电电压为 220V, 每颗 LED的管压降为 3.2 V, N=96, M=4。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的 LED交流驱动电路, 其中:
第 1 LED单元包括串联在其 LED串的负端的开关 SI ;
第 2 LED单元包括串联在其 LED串的正端的开关 S3和串联在其 LED串 的负端的开关 S4;
第 3 LED单元包括串联在其 LED串的正端的开关 S6和串联在其 LED串 的负端的开关 S7; 以及,
第 4 LED单元包括串联在其 LED串的正端的开关 S9。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的 LED交流驱动电路, 其中包括三个断开或导通 控制连接线路, 其分别包括开关 S2、 S5和 S8, 其中:
开关 S2—端连接第 1 LED单元内的 LED串的负端,另一端连接第 2 LED 单元内的 LED串的正端;
开关 S5—端连接第 2 LED单元内的 LED串的负端,另一端连接第 3 LED 单元内的 LED串的正端; 以及
开关 S8—端连接第 3 LED单元内的 LED串的负端,另一端连接第 4 LED 单元内的 LED串的正端。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的 LED交流驱动电路, 其中:
当所述脉动直流电的电压从 0V升高到 VI,期间, 将开关 S2、 S5、 S8断 开, 其余开关闭合, 使得第 1 LED单元、 第 2 LED单元、 第 3 LED单元、 第 4 LED单元为并联关系;
当所述脉动直流电的电压从 VI,升高到 V2,期间, 将开关 S2、 S4、 S6和
S8闭合, 开关 Sl、 S3、 S5、 S7和 S9断开, 使得第 1 LED单元和第 2 LED单 元串联连接、 第 3 LED单元和第 4 LED单元串联连接, 并使得这两串并联; 当所述脉动直流电的电压从 V2,升高到 Vmax,期间, 将开关 S2、 S5、 S8 闭合、 其余开关断开, 使得第 1 LED单元、 第 2 LED单元、 第 3 LED单元和 第 4 LED单元串联连接 ,
其中 Vl'、 V2'为所述脉动直流电的上升沿中特定电压, Vr<V2', 其值使 得全部所述 LED单元在对应连接关系下都可以正常工作, Vmax,为所述脉动 直流电的最大电压值, 当所述脉动直流电的电压从 Vmax,降低到零期间,根据 相应的电压区间对应地控制所述开关。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的 LED交流驱动电路, 其中市电电压为 220V, 每颗 LED的管压降为 3 V , Ν=90 , M=6。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的 LED交流驱动电路, 其中:
第 1 LED单元包括串联在其 LED串的负端的开关 SI;
第 2 LED单元包括串联在其 LED串的正端的开关 S3和串联在其 LED串 的负端的开关 S4;
第 3 LED单元包括串联在其 LED串的正端的开关 S6和串联在其 LED串 的负端的开关 S7;
第 4 LED单元包括串联在其 LED串的正端的开关 S9和串联在其 LED串 的负端的开关 S10;
第 5 LED单元包括串联在其 LED串的正端的开关 S11和串联在其 LED 串的负端的开关 S13 ; 以及,
第 6 LED单元包括串联在其 LED串的正端的开关 S14。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的 LED交流驱动电路, 其中包括五个断开或导通 控制连接线路, 其分别包括开关 S2、 S5、 S8、 S12和 S15 , 其中:
开关 S2—端连接第 1 LED单元内的 LED串的负端,另一端连接第 2 LED 单元内的 LED串的正端;
开关 S5—端连接第 2 LED单元内的 LED串的负端,另一端连接第 3 LED 单元内的 LED串的正端;
开关 S8—端连接第 3 LED单元内的 LED串的负端,另一端连接第 4 LED 单元内的 LED串的正端;
开关 S12—端连接第 4 LED单元内的 LED串的负端,另一端连接第 5 LED 单元内的 LED串的正端; 以及
开关 S15—端连接第 5 LED单元内的 LED串的负端,另一端连接第 6 LED 单元内的 LED串的正端。
9. 根据权利要求 7所述的 LED交流驱动电路, 其中包括五个断开或导通 控制连接线路, 其分别包括二极管 D2、 D3、 D4、 D5和 D6, 其中:
二极管 D2正极连接第 1 LED单元内的 LED串的负端,负极连接第 2 LED 单元内的 LED串的正端;
二极管 D3正极连接第 2 LED单元内的 LED串的负端,负极连接第 3 LED 单元内的 LED串的正端;
二极管 D4正极连接第 3 LED单元内的 LED串的负端,负极连接第 4 LED 单元内的 LED串的正端;
二极管 D5正极连接第 4 LED单元内的 LED串的负端,负极连接第 5 LED 单元内的 LED串的正端; 以及,
二极管 D6正极连接第 5 LED单元内的 LED串的负端,负极连接第 6 LED 单元内的 LED串的正端。
10. 根据权利要求 8或 9所述的 LED交流驱动电路, 其中:
当所述脉动直流电的电压从 VI升高到 V2期间,将开关 S2、 S5、 S8、 S12 和 S15断开或使二极管 D2、 D3、 D4、 D5和 D6截止, 其余开关闭合, 使得 所述 6个 LED单元并联连接,其中导通电压为全部 LED串联导通电压总和的 1/6;
当所述脉动直流电的电压从 V2升高到 V3期间,将开关 Sl、 S3、 S7、 S9、 S13、 S14断开, 将所述 LED单元中的其余开关闭合, 并且还将开关 S2、 S8、 S15闭合, 将开关 S5、 S12断开, 或者在二极管的情况中 D2、 D4、 D6处于导 通状态, D3、 D5处于截止状态,从而使得 LED1单元和 LED2单元串联、 LED3 单元和 LED4单元串联、 LED5单元和 LED6单元串联, 并且还使得这 3串再 并联, 其中导通电压为全部 LED串联导通电压总和的 1/3;
当所述脉动直流电的电压从 V3升高到 V4期间,将开关 Sl、 S3、 S4、 S6、
S10、 Sll、 S13、 S14断开, 将所述 LED单元中的其余开关闭合, 并且还将开 关 S2、 S5、 S12和 S15闭合、 将开关 S8断开, 或者在二极管的情况中 D2、 D3、 D5、 D6处于导通状态, D4处于截止状态, 从而使得 LED1、 LED2和 LED3串联, LED4、 LED5和 LED6串联, 并且还使得这 2串再并联, 其中导 通电压为全部 LED串联导通电压总和的 1/2;
当所述脉动直流电的电压从 V4升高到 Vmax期间,此时所述 LED单元中 的所有开关全部断开, 开关 S2、 S5、 S8、 S12和 S15全部闭合或者所有的二 极管全部导通, 从而使得 6个 LED单元的 LED全部串联, 其中导通电压为全 部 LED串联导通电压总和,
其中 VI、 V2、 V3、 V4 为所述脉动直流电的上升沿中特定电压,
VKV2<V3<V4,其值使得全部所述 LED单元在对应连接关系下都可以正常工 作 , Vmax为所述脉动直流电的最大电压值,当所述脉动直流电的电压从 Vmax 降低到零期间, 根据相应的电压区间对应地控制所述开关。
11. 根据权利要求 1、 4和 8中任一项所述的 LED交流驱动电路, 其还包 括开关控制装置,其检测脉动直流电压并根据该电压控制所述开关的闭合和断 开。
PCT/CN2014/084991 2013-08-23 2014-08-22 Led交流驱动电路 WO2015024529A1 (zh)

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