WO2015018340A1 - 具有免荷功能的膝关节矫形器 - Google Patents

具有免荷功能的膝关节矫形器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015018340A1
WO2015018340A1 PCT/CN2014/083796 CN2014083796W WO2015018340A1 WO 2015018340 A1 WO2015018340 A1 WO 2015018340A1 CN 2014083796 W CN2014083796 W CN 2014083796W WO 2015018340 A1 WO2015018340 A1 WO 2015018340A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thigh
calf
state
buckle
skeleton
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/083796
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗云
徐敏
甘云
Original Assignee
Luo Yun
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201420149171.6U external-priority patent/CN204072404U/zh
Application filed by Luo Yun filed Critical Luo Yun
Priority to CN201480043832.XA priority Critical patent/CN105491979B/zh
Publication of WO2015018340A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015018340A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H3/00Appliances for aiding patients or disabled persons to walk about
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F5/00Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
    • A61F5/01Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F5/00Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
    • A61F5/01Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces
    • A61F5/0102Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces specially adapted for correcting deformities of the limbs or for supporting them; Ortheses, e.g. with articulations
    • A61F5/0123Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces specially adapted for correcting deformities of the limbs or for supporting them; Ortheses, e.g. with articulations for the knees
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H1/00Apparatus for passive exercising; Vibrating apparatus ; Chiropractic devices, e.g. body impacting devices, external devices for briefly extending or aligning unbroken bones
    • A61H1/02Stretching or bending or torsioning apparatus for exercising
    • A61H1/0237Stretching or bending or torsioning apparatus for exercising for the lower limbs
    • A61H1/024Knee
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F5/00Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
    • A61F5/01Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces
    • A61F5/0102Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces specially adapted for correcting deformities of the limbs or for supporting them; Ortheses, e.g. with articulations
    • A61F2005/0132Additional features of the articulation
    • A61F2005/0134Additional features of the articulation with two orthogonal pivots
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F5/00Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
    • A61F5/01Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces
    • A61F5/0102Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces specially adapted for correcting deformities of the limbs or for supporting them; Ortheses, e.g. with articulations
    • A61F2005/0132Additional features of the articulation
    • A61F2005/0146Additional features of the articulation combining rotational and sliding movements, e.g. simulating movements of a natural joint
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2201/00Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
    • A61H2201/12Driving means
    • A61H2201/1207Driving means with electric or magnetic drive
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2201/00Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
    • A61H2201/16Physical interface with patient
    • A61H2201/1602Physical interface with patient kind of interface, e.g. head rest, knee support or lumbar support
    • A61H2201/164Feet or leg, e.g. pedal
    • A61H2201/1642Holding means therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2201/00Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
    • A61H2201/16Physical interface with patient
    • A61H2201/1602Physical interface with patient kind of interface, e.g. head rest, knee support or lumbar support
    • A61H2201/165Wearable interfaces
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2201/00Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
    • A61H2201/50Control means thereof
    • A61H2201/5058Sensors or detectors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2201/00Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
    • A61H2201/50Control means thereof
    • A61H2201/5058Sensors or detectors
    • A61H2201/5061Force sensors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2201/00Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
    • A61H2201/50Control means thereof
    • A61H2201/5058Sensors or detectors
    • A61H2201/5071Pressure sensors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an orthosis, and more particularly to a knee orthosis having an unloading function.
  • the lower limbs of the human body refer to the lower part of the abdomen of the human body, including the buttocks, the thighs, the knees, the calves and the feet. They have the important functions of supporting the body to stand and walk, and can also make the body sit, sit, and lie.
  • the main role is to support the weight of the lower limbs of the bone, that is, the lower limb bone, divided into lower limb bone and free lower limb bone.
  • the lower extremity is the hip bone
  • the free lower extremity bone includes the femur, tibia, fibula, tibia and 7 tibia, 5 tibia and 14 phalanges.
  • the joint between the bone and the bone is called the joint, and the lower limb of the human body includes three joints: the hip joint, the knee joint and the ankle joint, all of which are load-bearing joints.
  • the bone or joint of the human body may be damaged or degraded, and the lesion or degradation of the lower limb bone or lower limb bone joint may seriously affect its weight bearing function, thereby affecting the standing, walking and running jump of the human body.
  • drug therapy traditional physiotherapy and rehabilitation are usually used, and in severe cases, surgical treatment is used to restore the function of the lower limb bone or joint.
  • orthoses are often used.
  • An orthosis also known as a brace, is an extracorporeal device used to prevent or correct deformities, treat bones, joints, nerves, muscles, and compensate for its function in the limbs or other parts of the human body. It restricts or assists the body. Exercise, or change the body line, to relieve dysfunction of the limbs, spine, and skeletal muscle system. Depending on the site of application, it can be divided into an upper limb orthosis, a spinal orthosis, and a lower limb orthosis.
  • the upper limb orthosis is mainly used to compensate for lost muscle strength, support paralyzed limbs, maintain or fix limbs and functional positions, provide traction to prevent contracture and/or prevent or correct deformities;
  • spinal orthosis is mainly used to relieve local pain, Protects the lesion from further damage, supports paralyzed muscles and/or prevents and corrects deformities;
  • lower limb orthosis is mainly used to fix diseased joints, prevent or correct deformities, compensate for lost muscle function, improve gait, avoid limb weight bearing, Promote fracture healing and early functional recovery.
  • the knee joint is one of the important weight-bearing joints of the lower limbs of the human body. As shown in Fig. 1, it is connected between the thigh femur 1 and the calf tibia 2, which includes the articular cartilage 4, the medial meniscus 5 and the lateral meniscus 6. Also shown in Figure 1 are the tibia 3 and the tibia trochanter 7.
  • a knee cartilage lesion such as osteoarthritis (OA)
  • OA osteoarthritis
  • the articular cartilage will cause the articular cartilage to gradually degeneration, necrosis, wear, and then the bone (ie, the femur and tibia) begin to rub directly against each other, thereby causing knee pain, and Affect the daily life of patients.
  • knee aging, knee injury, heredity, obesity, or excessive exercise can also cause additional weight on the knee joint.
  • it is provided in the rehabilitation treatment to provide the limb weight bearing to avoid or reduce the knee joint part, that is, the lower limb orthosis with the function of no-load (or no-load) is beneficial to alleviate the suffering of the patient and help the patient. Restored.
  • Unloaded orthosis (Load-free The goal of orthosis is to reduce the axial load of the bones and/or joints of a segment of the limb, which may be partially unloaded or completely unloaded, mainly in the lower limb orthosis.
  • the load-free orthosis of the load has a ischial weight-bearing knee ankle orthosis (Fig. 3), which all have an ankle portion (that is, a floor-standing orthosis), and thus is inconvenient to use and unattractive.
  • Fig. 3 ischial weight-bearing knee ankle orthosis
  • Fig. 3 which all have an ankle portion (that is, a floor-standing orthosis), and thus is inconvenient to use and unattractive.
  • the inflexible accessory ankle joint affects the healthy human ankle joint, which brings great mobility inconvenience, and the auxiliary structure is complicated, the size is too long, and it is not easy to wear.
  • U.S. Patent No. 8,292,838 B2 discloses OSSUR's Anlude Freedom No. 1 Orthosis (Fig. 4) and Otto Bock's Genu Arthro
  • the 28K20/21 orthosis does not have an adequate design.
  • These non-floor knee joints are all pulled apart by the force of inversion or eversion by the three-point mechanics.
  • the joint surface is opened.
  • the pressure is unloaded, preventing further wear of the knee joint and aggravation of local symptoms.
  • the load on the knee joint produced by the human body during the gait is carried by the bilateral articular surface and the auxiliary device. Since the lateral large and small leg splint of this type of auxiliary device is not fixed on the thigh and the lower leg respectively, it cannot be restricted.
  • the splint moves along the leg axis, that is, the splint does not help to transmit the force in the direction of the force line at the knee joint, so when the load on the damaged joint surface is reduced, the bearing on the healthy side will increase accordingly to ensure double
  • the total bearing capacity of the lateral articular surface is unchanged. Therefore, it can be seen that the load on the damaged side is greatly increased while the load on the other side of the articular surface is greatly increased, which in turn accelerates the wear of the healthy articular cartilage and finally causes osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Therefore, they are not true unloaded orthoses.
  • those skilled in the art are directed to developing a knee orthosis having an unloading function that does not include an ankle portion and that can achieve a true sense of no-load function.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a knee orthosis that achieves non-landing by tightly restraining the thigh and the lower leg and applying a force to maintain a gap between the bones of the femur and the tibia. No load on the knee joint.
  • the present invention provides a knee orthosis characterized by comprising a thigh skeleton worn on the thigh and a calf skeleton worn on the calf;
  • the working state of the knee orthosis includes a first state
  • the thigh skeleton of the knee orthosis in the first state tightly binds the thigh
  • the calf skeleton tightly binds the lower leg
  • the thigh skeleton applies a mechanical axis along the femur and away from the calf
  • the force in the direction of the calf skeleton exerting a force on the calf in a direction along the tibial mechanical axis and away from the thigh
  • the distance between the thigh skeleton and the calf skeleton is a first spacing.
  • the working state of the knee orthosis further includes a second state
  • the thigh skeleton of the knee orthosis in the second state does not exert a force on the thigh in a direction away from the femoral mechanical axis and away from the lower leg, the calf skeleton does not apply a dislocation along the tibial mechanical axis to the lower leg a force in the direction of the thigh;
  • a spacing between the thigh skeleton and the calf skeleton is a second spacing;
  • the second pitch is smaller than the first pitch.
  • the thigh skeleton of the knee orthosis in the second state loosely binds the thigh
  • the calf skeleton loosely binds the lower leg
  • the knee orthosis further includes an adjustment mechanism disposed on the thigh skeleton and/or the calf skeleton, or disposed between the thigh skeleton and the calf skeleton, which enables The knee orthosis is in the first state or the second state.
  • the adjustment mechanism causes the knee orthosis to be in the first state; when the hip knee The adjustment mechanism causes the knee orthosis to be in the second state when the difference between the angle and the standing orthotopic hip and knee angle is greater than the second state transition angle; the second state transition angle is greater than or equal to The first state transition angle is described.
  • the calf skeleton comprises a calf support; the calf support of the calf skeleton of the knee orthosis in the first state laterally binds the calf at a recess between the tibia and the tibial tuberosity .
  • the adjustment mechanism is disposed between the thigh skeleton and the calf skeleton, and is connected to the thigh skeleton and the calf skeleton, respectively.
  • the thigh skeleton can be rotated relative to the calf skeleton by the adjustment mechanism.
  • the knee orthosis is brought into the second state from the first state by manually driving the adjustment mechanism, and the knee orthosis is brought into the first state from the second state a state.
  • the knee orthosis further includes a power source, a sensor, a motor, and a control unit.
  • two adjustment mechanisms are included which are distributed on both sides of the knee joint of the lower limb.
  • the rotating axis of rotation is parallel to the first axis of rotation of the knee joint.
  • the calf skeleton further comprises two calf splints and calf straps;
  • the two lower leg splints are respectively attached to the two sides of the lower leg, and the first ends of the two lower leg splints are respectively connected to the two adjusting mechanisms;
  • the calf strap is laterally attached to the upper middle portion of the back of the lower leg, and the two ends thereof are respectively connected to the two lower leg cleats;
  • the calf support is a strip-like structure having an inner surface conformable to the recess, and two ends of the calf support are fixedly coupled to the two lower leg splints respectively;
  • a connection position between the calf support and the calf splint is closer to the first end of the calf splint than a connection position between the calf strap and the calf splint.
  • the thigh skeleton comprises a thigh support, two thigh splints and a thigh strap;
  • the two thigh splints are respectively distributed on two sides of the thigh, and the second ends of the two thigh splints are respectively connected to the two adjusting mechanisms;
  • the thigh support is a strip-like structure having an inner surface that can laterally fit the front surface of the thigh, and two ends of the thigh support are respectively connected to the two thigh splints;
  • the thigh strap may be laterally attached to the back of the thigh, and two ends thereof are respectively connected to the two thigh clips;
  • a connection position between the thigh support and the thigh splint is closer to the first end of the thigh splint than a connection position between the thigh strap and the thigh splint.
  • the thigh support is rotatable about its attachment point to the thigh splint.
  • the adjusting mechanism includes a groove plate and a slider which are mutually rotatable and translationable, the groove plate has a curved groove, and the slider has a convex portion, and the convex portion can be Sliding in the groove;
  • the slotted disc is coupled to the first end of the lower leg splint, the slider is coupled to the second end of the thigh cleat; or the slider and the first of the calf splint Connected to the end, the slotted disc is coupled to the second end of the thigh cleat.
  • the slider is coupled to the second end of the thigh splint at an edge of the slider.
  • the slider is connected to the second end of the thigh splint by a hinge, and the connection position of the slider with the hinge is at an edge of the slider.
  • the slider is integrally formed with the thigh splint.
  • slotted disk is coupled to the first end of the lower leg splint at an edge of the slotted disk.
  • the grooved plate is riveted to the first end of the lower leg splint.
  • the groove plate is integrally formed with the calf splint.
  • the groove has a first curved portion and a second curved portion
  • the knee orthosis Driven by the gait of the lower limb, the knee orthosis enters the second state from the first state when the convex portion enters the second curved portion from the first curved portion The knee orthosis enters the first state from the second state when the raised portion enters the first curved portion from the second curved portion.
  • the groove includes a first groove and a second groove
  • the protrusion includes a first protrusion and a second protrusion
  • the first protrusion can slide in the first groove
  • the second raised portion is slidable within the second slot
  • the knee joint orthosis enters the second state from the first state;
  • the first raised portion enters the first curved portion of the first groove from the second curved portion of the first groove and the second raised portion is from the second groove
  • the knee orthosis enters the first state from the second state.
  • the slotted disk includes a first slotted disk and a second slotted disk fixed to each other, the slider is sandwiched between the first slotted disk and the second slotted disk;
  • the protrusion on the surface of the first grooved disk is slidable in the groove of the first grooved disk, and the slider has a surface facing the second grooved disk
  • the raised portion sliding in the slot of the second slotted disk the second slotted disk being closer to the knee joint than the first slotted disk, the second slotted disk and the lower leg
  • the first ends of the splints are connected.
  • the slider comprises a first slider and a second slider fixed to each other, the slot is sandwiched between the first slider and the second slider; Providing, on a surface of the first slider, the groove in which the convex portion accommodating the first slider slides; the grooved disk having a surface facing the second slider The groove in which the convex portion of the second slider slides; the second slider is closer to the knee joint than the first slider, and the second slider is The second ends of the thigh splints are connected.
  • the knee orthosis further includes a calf splint stabilizing structure for preventing the two lower leg splints from swaying, the calf splint stabilizing structure being strip-shaped, which laterally fits on the front side of the calf And two ends thereof are respectively connected to the second ends of the two lower leg splints.
  • the calf splint stabilizing structure is a second calf strap, the second calf strap is laterally attached to the front side of the calf, and two ends thereof are respectively connected to the second ends of the two calf splints .
  • the thigh skeleton further includes a second thigh strap, the second thigh strap is laterally attached to the back of the thigh, and two ends thereof are respectively connected to the two thigh splints, the second A connection position between the thigh strap and the thigh splint is between a connection position between the thigh support and the thigh splint and a connection position between the thigh strap and the thigh splint.
  • the calf strap and the second calf strap are connected to the calf splint by a buckle; the thigh strap and the second thigh strap are connected to the thigh splint by a buckle .
  • the thigh strap and/or the calf strap further includes an elastic band and an inelastic band, and two ends of the elastic band are respectively connected to two ends of the inelastic band, and the inelastic band is provided on the non-elastic band.
  • a length adjustment device adjusts the distance between the ends of the inelastic strip.
  • the thigh strap and/or the calf strap further includes an elastic band and an inelastic band, and two ends of the elastic band are respectively connected to two ends of the inelastic band, and the inelastic band is provided on the non-elastic band.
  • a length adjustment device adjusts the distance between the ends of the inelastic strip.
  • the length adjusting device is in a first state, the length of the strap can be stretched, the length adjusting device is in a second state, and the length of the strap is not stretchable.
  • the length adjusting device is a buckle
  • the buckle comprises a buckle upper buckle and a buckle lower buckle, wherein the buckle upper buckle and the buckle lower buckle are connected by a hinge, and is rotatable about a rotation axis.
  • the buckle upper buckle does not overlap with the buckle lower buckle, the buckle is in the first state; the buckle upper buckle and the buckle lower buckle are combined and fixed, and the buckle is in the The second state is described.
  • the buckle is fixed by a magic hook.
  • the buckle upper buckle is provided with a buckle protrusion toward the buckle lower buckle
  • the buckle lower buckle is provided with a corresponding card hole, and the buckle passes the buckle protrusion and the card hole fixed.
  • the elastic sheet is extended from the rotating shaft in a direction opposite to the buckle lower buckle, so that pressure on the fixed human body at the rotating shaft is uniformly distributed through the elastic sheet.
  • a knee orthosis in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, includes a thigh skeleton, a calf skeleton, and two adjustment mechanisms coupled between the thigh skeleton and the calf skeleton.
  • the thigh skeleton includes two thigh splints distributed on both sides of the thigh and a thigh rest, a thigh strap and a second thigh strap connected between the two thigh splints, the calf skeleton including two calf splints distributed on both sides of the calf and A calf support, a calf strap, and a second calf strap connected between the two calf splints.
  • the calf support is laterally located at the recess between the humerus and the tibial tuberosity.
  • Two adjustment mechanisms are respectively arranged on both sides of the knee joint, and are respectively connected between the two pairs of thigh splints and the calf splint, and both include a slider and two groove plates.
  • the slider is sandwiched between two slots, wherein the slider is connected to the thigh splint and the slot is connected to the calf splint.
  • the slider has a raised portion that slides in the groove of the slotted disk by the raised portion, effecting movement of the slider of the adjustment mechanism relative to the slotted disk, the movement including translation and rotation.
  • the adjustment mechanism causes the knee orthosis to enter the first state from the second state, and the knee orthosis in the first state
  • the thigh skeleton tightly binds the thigh
  • the calf skeleton tightly binds the calf
  • the thigh skeleton exerts a force on the thigh in the direction of the femoral mechanical axis and away from the calf
  • the calf skeleton exerts a force on the calf in the direction of the tibial mechanical axis and away from the thigh.
  • the adjustment mechanism causes the knee orthosis to enter the second state from the first state, and the knee orthosis in the second state
  • the thigh skeleton loosely binds the thigh
  • the calf skeleton loosely binds the calf
  • the thigh skeleton does not exert a force on the thigh in the direction of the femoral mechanical axis and away from the calf
  • the calf skeleton does not exert a force on the calf in the direction of the tibial mechanical axis and away from the thigh.
  • the user wearing the knee orthosis of the present invention has a knee joint orthosis according to the process of the lower limbs from the flexed state to the straightened state and then from the straightened state to the flexed state.
  • the device is driven by the lower limb, correspondingly from the second state to the first state and then from the first state to the second state, which is an automatic conversion process in conjunction with the walking gait of the human body.
  • the lower limbs in the straight state need to carry the weight load while the human body is walking, the lower limbs in the flexed state do not need to carry the weight load.
  • the knee orthosis of the present invention is in the first state, which tightly binds the lower limb and maintains a gap between the femur of the thigh and the bone of the calf of the calf, thereby the weight load from the thigh skeleton, the adjustment mechanism Passed to the calf skeleton, effectively replacing the human knee joint to carry the load.
  • the knee orthosis of the present invention is in the second state, which does not carry the load and loosely binds the lower limb, thereby not affecting the blood flow of the lower limb of the user.
  • the calf support of the calf skeleton is placed at the concave portion between the tibia and the humerus, so that the calf of the calf skeleton of the knee orthosis in the first state is restrained at the concave portion to effectively transmit the force. It reduces the compression of the calf muscle part of the calf and can prevent the ubiquitous phenomenon of the overall decline of the accessory.
  • the knee orthosis of the present invention can unload the entire knee joint in the first state, so that it can be applied not only to single osteoarthritis but also to sacral osteoarthritis.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the anatomy of a human knee joint.
  • Figure 2 shows the patellar ligament load-bearing orthosis.
  • Figure 3 shows the ischial weight bearing knee ankle orthosis.
  • Figure 4 shows the Anthony No. 1 orthosis of OSSUR.
  • Figure 5 is a side elevational view of a knee orthosis of the present invention in a preferred embodiment.
  • Fig. 6 is a front elevational view of the knee orthosis shown in Fig. 5.
  • Figure 7 is a rear elevational view of the knee orthosis shown in Figure 5.
  • Figure 8 shows a calf support with a sloped inner surface.
  • Figure 9 illustrates the connection between the thigh support and the thigh splint by a sub-female.
  • Fig. 10 is an exploded perspective view showing the adjustment mechanism of the knee orthosis shown in Fig. 5.
  • Figure 11 is a front elevational view of the first trough of the adjustment mechanism of Figure 9.
  • Fig. 12 is a perspective view of the knee orthosis shown in Fig. 5.
  • Figure 13 shows one form of a thigh strap.
  • Figure 14 shows another version of the thigh strap.
  • Figure 15 shows another form of a thigh strap.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view showing the structure of the fixed connection end of the thigh strap shown in Figure 15.
  • Figure 17 is a side elevational view of the movable connecting end of the thigh strap shown in Figure 15.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic view showing the structure of the movable connecting end of the thigh strap shown in Figure 15.
  • Figure 19 shows the structure of the thigh strap of Figure 15.
  • Figure 20 shows the structure of the fixing buckle of Figure 19.
  • Figure 21 shows the structure of the buckle of Figure 19.
  • Figure 22 shows the attachment of two elastic bands and buckles of another form of thigh strap.
  • Figure 22 shows the attachment of two elastic bands and buckles of another form of thigh strap.
  • Femoral mechanical axis the connection between the center of the femoral head and the center of the knee joint;
  • the humeral mechanical axis the connection between the center of the knee joint and the center of the ankle joint;
  • Femoral head center Since the femoral head is a relatively regular circle, the center of the femoral head is determined using a Mose ring or a compass;
  • Knee center 5 points by determining the midpoint of the soft tissue at the level of the knee joint, the midpoint of the upper edge of the tibial plateau, the midpoint of the femoral condyle at the apex of the intercondylar notch, the center of the humeral condyle and the center of the intercondylar fossa The center of the point is determined to be the center of the knee joint;
  • Ankle joint center The center of the three points is determined as the center of the ankle joint by determining the midpoint of the soft tissue at the level of the ankle joint, the midpoint of the inner and outer ankle surface spacing at the ankle joint level, and the talus center;
  • Hip-knee angle the angle between the mechanical axis of the femur and the mechanical axis of the tibia.
  • the hip-knee angle of the present invention is limited to the projection angle of the angle between the mechanical axis of the femur and the mechanical axis of the tibia on the left-right symmetry plane of the human body;
  • Stand upright hip and knee angle the hip and knee angle when the human body is standing upright.
  • the knee orthosis of the present invention comprises a thigh skeleton and a calf skeleton, wherein the thigh skeleton is worn on the thigh, and the calf skeleton is worn on the calf.
  • the working state of the knee orthosis includes the first state, at which time the thigh skeleton of the knee orthosis tightly binds the thigh, the calf skeleton tightly binds the lower leg, and the thigh skeleton exerts a force on the thigh along the mechanical axis of the femur and away from the calf, the calf
  • the skeleton exerts a force on the calf in the direction of the tibial mechanical axis and away from the thigh.
  • the thigh skeleton and the calf skeleton maintain a gap between the femur of the thigh and the bone of the calf of the calf to avoid direct friction between the bones.
  • the distance between the thigh skeleton and the calf skeleton is the first pitch.
  • the spacing S between the thigh skeleton and the calf skeleton is defined as the length S1 of the projection of the line from the selected position on the thigh skeleton to the center of the knee joint on the mechanical shaft of the femur and a selected position on the calf skeleton.
  • the selected position on the thigh skeleton can be selected as the closest or farthest contact position of the thigh skeleton to the thigh in the contact position of the knee joint
  • the selected position on the calf skeleton can be selected as the calf skeleton and
  • the contact position of the calf is the closest or farthest contact position from the center of the knee joint.
  • the projection of the selected position on the thigh skeleton (or calf skeleton) to the center of the knee joint on the femoral mechanical shaft (or the mechanical shaft of the tibia) may fall on the mechanical shaft of the femur (or the mechanical shaft of the tibia).
  • the length of the projection On the extension line, set the length of the projection at this time to a negative value; and for the connection of the selected position on the thigh skeleton (or calf skeleton) to the center of the knee joint on the mechanical shaft of the femur (or the mechanical shaft of the tibia)
  • the projection of the projection falls on the mechanical shaft of the femur (or the mechanical shaft of the tibia), and the length of the projection is set to be a positive value.
  • the thigh skeleton here is tightly bound to the thigh and the calf skeleton is tightly bound to the calf.
  • the thigh skeleton of the knee orthosis in the first state applies a force to the thigh along the mechanical axis of the femur and away from the calf and the calf skeleton exerts along the tibia on the calf.
  • the mechanical shaft is in a direction away from the thigh, the thigh skeleton does not slip relative to the thigh and the calf skeleton does not slip relative to the lower leg.
  • the user wearing the knee orthosis of the present invention can ensure the positioning of the knee orthosis in the lower limb during daily activities, thereby ensuring the skeleton of the thigh and the skeleton of the calf to make the femur of the thigh and the bone of the calf of the calf. There is a gap between the rooms.
  • the working state of the knee orthosis further includes a second state in which the thigh skeleton of the knee orthosis does not exert a force on the thigh in the direction of the femoral mechanical axis and away from the calf, and the calf skeleton does not exert a mechanical axis along the tibia and away from the thigh.
  • Direction of force it is not ensured that the thigh skeleton and the calf skeleton maintain a gap between the femur of the thigh and the bone of the calf of the calf, for example, at this time, the state when the user just finished wearing the knee orthosis of the present invention.
  • the distance between the thigh skeleton and the calf skeleton is the second pitch.
  • the second spacing is less than the first spacing.
  • the knee orthosis of the present invention further includes an adjustment mechanism disposed on the thigh skeleton and/or the calf skeleton; or disposed between the thigh skeleton and the calf skeleton, and connected to the thigh skeleton and the calf skeleton, respectively.
  • the adjustment mechanism can be manually driven, electrically driven, or driven by the lower extremities, and the knee orthosis is placed in the first state or the second state as needed. For example, when the knee joint requires a load weight when the user is in the standing position, the adjustment mechanism can be manually driven to bring the knee orthosis of the present invention into the first state; and when the knee joint is in the sitting position, the load weight is not required.
  • the knee orthosis of the present invention is placed in the second state by manually driving the adjustment mechanism.
  • the knee orthosis of the present invention may be in a first state by an electric drive adjustment mechanism; and when the knee joint is in a sitting position, the load weight is not required.
  • the knee orthosis of the present invention is in a second state by an electric drive adjustment mechanism; the knee orthosis of the present invention may further include a power source, a motor for driving, a sensor, and a control unit for the case of electrically adjusting the mechanism. .
  • the control unit drives the adjustment mechanism to make the knee orthosis in the first state, otherwise Then the knee orthosis is placed in the second state.
  • the adjustment mechanism is driven by the lower limb, specifically, the adjustment mechanism is driven by the lower limb of the human body.
  • the adjustment mechanism causes the knee orthosis to be in the first state; when the difference between the hip and knee angles and the standing hip and knee angle is greater than the second state transition angle, the adjustment mechanism causes the knee orthosis to be in the second state, the second The state transition angle is greater than or equal to the first state transition angle.
  • the standing hip and knee angle is 0°
  • the first state transition angle is set to 20°
  • the second state transition angle is set to 90°, when the user wears the knee joint of the present invention.
  • the knee orthosis When the hip and knee angle of the lower limb of the orthosis is less than 20°, the knee orthosis is in the first state; and when the user wears the lower knee of the knee orthosis of the present invention, the hip and knee angle is greater than 90°, The knee orthosis is in the second state.
  • the knee orthosis is when the user wears the knee joint angle of the lower limb of the knee orthosis of the present invention to be less than 45°.
  • the knee orthosis In the first state; when the user wears the knee joint angle of the lower limb of the knee orthosis of the present invention greater than 45°, the knee orthosis is in the second state.
  • the thigh skeleton of the knee orthosis in the second state loosely binds the thigh
  • the calf skeleton loosely binds the lower leg.
  • the thigh skeleton loosely binds the thigh and the calf skeleton loosely binds the lower leg means that the thigh skeleton of the knee orthosis in the second state exerts a restraining force on the thigh less than the thigh skeleton of the knee orthosis in the first state applies to the thigh One-half of the binding force and the calf skeleton of the knee orthosis in the second state exert a binding force on the lower leg that is less than the binding force exerted by the calf skeleton of the knee orthosis in the first state on the lower leg.
  • the restraining force here refers to the maximum pressure, that is, the binding force exerted by the thigh skeleton on the thigh is the maximum pressure (squeezing force) exerted on the thigh by the thigh skeleton, and the binding force exerted on the calf by the calf skeleton is the maximum pressure of the calf skeleton on the lower leg. (squeezing force).
  • the binding force received when the thighs are tightly bound is different, and When the calf is tightly bound, the binding force is different.
  • the binding force is different, and the binding force of the calf is different when it is loosely restrained.
  • the binding force received by the thigh when it is tightly bound is 50 N
  • the binding force of the thigh when it is loosely restrained is 20 N. It can be understood that the thigh skeleton of the loose thigh and the calf skeleton of the loosely bound calf are small (or zero) to the lower limb of the user, thereby having little or no influence on the blood flow of the lower limb of the user. ).
  • the knee orthosis in the first state achieves full or partial no-loading of the knee joint, which is performed by the patient.
  • the actual demand determines, for example, in patients with severe osteoarthritis, a knee orthosis in the first state may be required to fully exempt the pathological knee joint, while for patients with mild osteoarthritis, it may only be necessary Partially free of charge, such as 100N free of charge; when the patient wearing the knee orthosis of the present invention is in a sitting, lying state or other state in which no knee joint load is required, the knee orthosis in the second state does not have to be knee joint Free of charge.
  • the knee orthosis of the present invention includes two adjustment mechanisms 31 and 32, which are connected between the thigh skeleton and the calf skeleton;
  • the thigh skeleton includes the thigh support 21, two The thigh splints 22 and 23 and the thigh strap 24;
  • the calf skeleton includes a calf support 11, two calf splints 12 and 13 and a calf strap 14.
  • the calf support 11 is laterally located at a recess between the humerus and the tibial trochanter for restraining the lower leg and providing support at the recess, where the support action includes: for the knee orthosis in the first state, with the thigh
  • the skeleton transmits the load to the calf skeleton through the adjustment mechanism and eliminates the slip of the calf skeleton; for the knee orthosis in the second state, the entire knee orthosis is supported to prevent it from sliding down.
  • the calf support 11 is a strip-like structure having an inner surface conformable to the recess, for example, the inner surface thereof is made of a flexible material or a sponge layer, and the two ends thereof are fixedly connected to the calf splints 12 and 13, respectively, that is, The calf splints 12 and 13 are immovable.
  • the inner surface of the calf support 11 has a curved arc shape and is gradually inclined outward (i.e., offset from the tibial mechanical axis) in a direction from the top to the bottom with respect to the mechanical axis of the tibia.
  • the angle between the normal line of the inner surface of the calf support 11 and the mechanical axis of the tibia depends on the shape of the wearer's tibia, for example, 80°; or, in the middle section of the lower leg shown in FIG.
  • the angle between the inner surface CD of the calf support 11 and the tibial mechanical axis EF is 80°.
  • the leg rest 11 is made of a tensile strength greater than 300 MPa and a yield strength greater than 250 MPa, such as aluminum alloy 6061-6T.
  • the two calf splints 12 and 13 are elongated and they are respectively attached to the sides of the calf, that is, the left and right sides of the calf.
  • the first ends of the two lower leg splints 12 and 13 i.e., the top ends of the lower leg splints 12 and 13 shown in Figures 5-7) are connected to two adjustment mechanisms 31 and 32, respectively, wherein the first end of the lower leg splint 12 is connected
  • the adjustment mechanism 31, the first end of the lower leg splint 13 is connected to the adjustment mechanism 32.
  • the material of the calf splints 12 and 13 has a tensile strength greater than 300 MPa and a yield strength greater than 250 MPa, such as aluminum alloy 6061-6T.
  • the calf strap 14 is laterally fitted to the upper middle portion of the back of the lower leg, and its both ends are connected to the lower leg splints 12 and 13, respectively.
  • the back of the calf refers to the same calf portion that faces the back of the human body when the human body is in the standing position
  • the upper middle portion of the back of the calf is specifically referred to above the most prominent portion of the calf muscle of the calf, close to the knee bend (ie, the rhombic of the posterior region of the knee) Depression) About 3cm below the knee bend.
  • the position of the calf strap 14 on the calf splints 12 and 13 can be adjusted so that the calf strap 14 is not perpendicular to the mechanical shaft of the tibia, that is, the calf strap is not horizontal, but is inclined at a certain angle to better fit
  • the upper middle portion of the back surface of the lower leg described above provides the above-described supporting action together with the calf support 11.
  • the shank strap 14 is made of a non-stretchable (or more difficult to stretch) flexible material, preferably having a modulus of elasticity of not less than 20 N/mm, such as nylon.
  • the calf support 11 is positioned closer to the first end of the lower leg splints 12 and 13 than the lower leg strap 14 is connected to it. That is, the connection position between the calf support 11 and the lower leg splint 12 as shown in FIG. 5-7 is closer to the top end of the lower leg splint 12 than the connection position between the lower leg strap 14 and the lower leg splint 12; between the calf support 11 and the lower leg splint 13 The connection position is closer to the top end of the lower leg splint 13 than the connection position between the lower leg strap 14 and the lower leg splint 13.
  • the calf skeleton may further comprise a calf splint stabilizing structure for better fitting the calf skeleton of the knee orthosis of the present invention worn on the lower limb of the user to the lower leg portion of the lower limb, freeing the calf splint therein from being used by the user The phenomenon of backward swing occurs during the movement.
  • the calf splint stabilizing structure is a second calf strap 15 which is laterally attached to the front side of the calf and has two ends connected to the second ends of the calf splints 12 and 13, respectively.
  • the front side of the calf refers to the same calf portion as the human body face when the human body is in the standing position
  • the second ends of the calf splints 12 and 13 are the ends of the lower leg splints 12 and 13 as shown in Figs. 5-7.
  • the second shank strap 15 is made of a non-stretchable (or more difficult to stretch) flexible material, preferably having a modulus of elasticity of not less than 20 N/mm, such as nylon.
  • the calf splint stabilizing structure may also be not a strap, such as a rigid strip-like structure that is laterally fixedly coupled between the second ends of the calf splints 12 and 13, which laterally fits over the front side of the calf, and may be made of aluminum alloy. , hard plastic, etc., and which can adhere to the surface of the flexible material layer on the surface for the front surface of the calf.
  • the calf support, the lower leg splint, and the first and second lower leg straps may have other shapes as long as they satisfy the above-described connection and positional relationship.
  • the thigh support 21 is a strip-like structure having an inner surface that can laterally conform to the front surface of the thigh, for example, the inner surface thereof is curved and curved, and is prepared or attached with a sponge layer; the two ends are respectively connected to two Thigh splints 22 and 23.
  • the front side of the thigh refers to the portion of the thigh that is oriented the same as the face of the human body when the human body is standing upright.
  • the thigh support 21 is rotatable about its point of attachment to the thigh cleats 22 and 23, i.e., the thigh support 21 is rotatable about an axis defined by its point of attachment to the thigh cleats 22 and 23.
  • the gap between the thigh support 21 and the thigh splints 22 and 23 is achieved by using the female nails. As shown in FIG.
  • connection axis direction GH ie, the direction perpendicular to the contact surface between the two
  • the connection point of 23 determines the axis IJ, so that if the connection between the two is a rivet connection or a screw connection, the thigh support 21 cannot flexibly rotate about the axis IJ; and the movable connection of the sub-stud shown in FIG.
  • the female nail is long and can make the thigh support 21 and large A certain gap is left between the two contact faces of the leg splint 22, whereby more rotational freedom can be obtained between the two, that is, the thigh support 21 can be flexibly rotated about the axis IJ.
  • the thigh support can also be immovable relative to the two thigh splints.
  • the material of the thigh support 21 has a tensile strength greater than 300 MPa and a yield strength greater than 250 MPa, such as aluminum alloy 6061-6T.
  • the two thigh splints 22 and 23 are elongated and are respectively attached to the sides of the thigh, that is, the left and right sides of the thigh.
  • the second ends of the two thigh splints 22 and 23 i.e., the ends of the thigh splints 22 and 23 shown in Figures 5-7) are connected to two adjustment mechanisms 31 and 32, respectively, wherein the second end of the thigh splint 22 is connected
  • the adjustment mechanism 31 and the second end of the thigh clamp 23 are connected to the adjustment mechanism 32.
  • the material of the thigh splints 22 and 23 has a tensile strength greater than 300 MPa and a yield strength greater than 250 MPa, such as aluminum alloy 6061-6T.
  • the thigh strap 24 is laterally attached to the back of the thigh, and its ends are attached to the thigh splints 22 and 23, respectively.
  • the back of the thigh refers to the same thigh portion as the human body is facing when the human body is standing upright.
  • the thigh strap 24 is made of a non-stretchable (or more difficult to stretch) flexible material, preferably having a modulus of elasticity of not less than 20 N/mm, such as nylon.
  • the thigh support 21 is positioned closer to the first end of the thigh splints 22 and 23 than the thigh strap 24 and its connection position (i.e., the thigh splint 22 shown in Figures 5-7). And the top of 23). That is, the connection position between the thigh support 21 and the thigh splint 22 as shown in FIG.
  • connection position is closer to the top end of the thigh splint 22 than the connection position between the thigh strap 24 and the thigh splint 22; between the thigh support 21 and the thigh splint 23 The connection position is closer to the top end of the thigh splint 23 than the connection position between the thigh strap 24 and the thigh splint 23.
  • the thigh skeleton may further include a second thigh strap 25 that laterally fits over the back of the thigh, the two ends of which are connected to the thigh splints 22 and 23, respectively, and the connection position between the second thigh strap 25 and the thigh splints 22 and 23.
  • the connection position between the thigh support 21 and the thigh splints 22 and 23 and the connection position between the thigh strap 24 and the thigh splints 22 and 23 are provided.
  • the back of the thigh refers to the same thigh portion as the human body is in the standing position, and the connection position between the second thigh strap 25 and the thigh splint 22 as shown in FIG.
  • connection position between the second thigh strap 25 and the thigh splint 23 is at the connection position between the thigh support 21 and the thigh splint 23 and the thigh between the connection position between the strap 24 and the thigh splint 23.
  • the second thigh strap 25 is used to better fit the thigh skeleton of the knee orthosis of the present invention worn on the lower limb of the user to the thigh portion of the lower limb, so that the thigh splint therein does not occur during the movement of the user.
  • the phenomenon of front lifting is preferred.
  • the connection position between the second thigh strap 25 and the thigh splints 22 and 23 is closer to the connection position between the thigh support 21 and the thigh splints 22 and 23.
  • the thigh support, the thigh splint, and the first and second thigh straps may have other shapes as long as they satisfy the above-described connection and positional relationship.
  • the adjustment mechanisms 31 and 32 are respectively distributed on both sides of the knee joint, that is, the left and right sides of the knee joint.
  • the adjustment mechanisms 31 and 32 are each constituted by a grooved disk and a slider which are mutually rotatable and translational.
  • the adjustment mechanisms 31 and 32 have the same structure, and the adjustment mechanism 31 will be described in detail below as an example.
  • the adjustment mechanism 31 includes a slider 310 and two groove plates, namely a first groove plate 311 and a second groove plate 312. The first grooved disk 311 and the second grooved disk 312 are fixed to each other, and the slider 310 is sandwiched between the first grooved disk 311 and the second grooved disk 312.
  • the first grooved disk 311 and the second grooved disk 312 each have two curved grooves on the surface facing the slider 310, and the first groove 3111 and the second groove 3112 of the first grooved disk 311 as shown in FIGS. .
  • the first groove and the second groove of the second grooved disk 312 are the same as the first groove 3111 and the second groove 3112 of the first grooved disk 311 shown in Figs.
  • the slider 310 has two convex portions on its face facing the first grooved disk 311 and the second grooved disk 312, and the slider 310 shown in FIG. 10 has a first convex surface on the surface thereof facing the first grooved disk 311.
  • the starting portion 3101 (not shown) and the second convex portion 3102 have a first convex portion 3103 and a second convex portion 3104 on the surface facing the second grooved disk 312, and the first and second convex portions of the slider 310
  • the portions 3101 and 3102 are identical to the first and second boss portions 3103 and 3104.
  • the first groove 3111 is slidable therein, the second groove 3112 is slidable therein, and the first groove 3121 is slidable therein, the second groove 3121 is slidable therein, the second groove 3111
  • the groove 3122 is slidable by the second boss 3104 therein.
  • the slider 310 is of a symmetrical structure which is symmetrical about its central section, and the assembled slider 310, the first grooved disk 311 and the second grooved disk 312 are symmetrical with respect to the central section of the slider 310.
  • the slider 310 may be of an asymmetrical structure, and the assembled slider 310, the first slotted disk 311, and the second slotted disk 312 may also be asymmetric.
  • each of the bosses in the embodiment is made of a bearing, and the inner ring of each bearing is fixed on the slider, and the outer ring can be flexibly rotated, and the rotating shaft is perpendicular to the surface of the slider.
  • the diameter of the bearing outer ring constituting each boss portion is matched with the width of the groove for sliding the boss portion therein so that the boss portion of the bearing portion of the boss portion is slid during the sliding of the boss portion Rolling occurs on a certain side wall of the groove, thereby greatly reducing the friction between the boss and the groove, reducing the rotational resistance, and at the same time prolonging the service life of the component.
  • the outer ring of the bearing of the second raised portion 3102 will roll on a certain side wall of the second groove 3112.
  • the second slotted discs of the adjustment mechanisms 31 and 32 are closer to the knee joint than the first slotted disk.
  • the first grooved disk, the second grooved disk and the slider of the adjusting mechanisms 31 and 32 have a yield strength of more than 50 MPa, an elastic modulus of more than 2000 MPa, and a wear-reducing and wear-resistant property such as POM.
  • the slider and the slotted disc in the adjusting mechanism of the knee orthosis of the present invention may be interchanged, that is, the double-sided slotted slotted disk may be sandwiched between two sliders having a convex portion on one side.
  • the adjustment mechanism is formed.
  • the adjustment mechanism by only one grooved disk and one slider; or there are more or less than two curved grooves on the groove plate, and the slider has more or less than two protrusions; Or adopt the structure of the groove and the convex part of other shapes.
  • the slider 310 of the adjustment mechanism 31 is fixedly coupled to the thigh splint 22 by a hinge 33, and more specifically, the slider 310 of the adjustment mechanism 31 is fixedly coupled at its edge to the second of the thigh splint 22 by a hinge 33. End (ie, the end of the thigh splint 22 shown in Figures 5-7).
  • the second trough disk 312 is coupled to the lower leg splint 12, and more particularly, the second trough disk 312 is fixedly coupled at its edges to the first end of the lower leg splint 12 (i.e., the top end of the lower leg splint 12 shown in Figures 5-7).
  • first slotted disk 311, the second slotted disk 312, and the lower leg cleat 12 are sequentially connected by three screws 35.
  • other connection manners may be used, for example, the slider 310 is used.
  • the thigh splint 22 is integrally formed to integrally form the second trough disc 312 with the calf splint 12.
  • the connection relationship between the adjustment mechanism 32 and the thigh bridge 23 and the lower leg cleat 13 is the same as the connection relationship between the above-mentioned adjustment mechanism 31 and the thigh splint 22 and the lower leg cleat 12, and will not be described herein.
  • connection relationship between the slider and the groove plate of the adjustment mechanism and the thigh splint and the lower leg splint may be replaced, for example, the slider may be connected to the calf splint and the trough disc is connected to the thigh splint.
  • the thigh support 21 is connected to the thigh splint 23 by a female pin 26. Similarly, it is connected to the thigh splint 22 by a female nail; one end of the thigh strap 24 is disposed on the thigh splint 23, and the other end is connected to the thigh splint 22 by the buckle 27 for easy wearing and detaching; the second thigh strap 25 One end is disposed on the thigh splint 23, and the other end is connected to the thigh splint 22 by a buckle 28 for easy wearing and detaching; the calf support 11 is connected to the lower leg splint 13 by two rivets 16, and is similarly connected to the lower leg by two rivets The splint 12, whereby the calf support 11 is fixedly coupled to the calf splints 12 and 13; one end of the calf strap 14 is placed on the calf splint 13 and the other end is attached to the
  • the second shank strap 15 is disposed at one end of the lower leg splint 12 and the other end is disposed on the lower leg splint 13.
  • other connecting means may be used, for example, a mating connection of a screw and a nut, welding, gluing, or the like.
  • the snap connection shown in FIG. 12 is specifically such that the ends of the thigh strap 24, the second thigh strap 25, the calf strap 14 and the second calf strap 15 are each fastened with a buckle for wearing the present invention.
  • the head of the buckle is passed through the through hole provided in the thigh splint 22 and the lower leg splint 12 and moved into the bayonet that communicates with the through hole, thereby realizing the thigh strap 24 and the second thigh.
  • the strap 25, the calf strap 14 and the second calf strap 15 are connected to the thigh splint 22 and the calf splint 12.
  • the bayonet is smaller than the through hole, and is disposed closer to the corresponding thigh strap 24, the second thigh strap 25, the calf strap 14 and the second calf strap 15 than the through hole, so that the elasticity of the human muscle It is ensured that the thigh strap 24, the second thigh strap 25, the calf strap 14, and the second calf strap 15 of the knee orthosis of the present invention worn are not detached from the thigh splint 22 and the calf splint 12.
  • the head of the buckle is moved from the bayonet to the through hole and exits the through hole by pushing the buckle, thereby realizing the thigh strap 24 and the second thigh strap 25,
  • the calf strap 14 and the second calf strap 15 are detached from the thigh splint 22 and the calf splint 12.
  • Figure 13 shows another form of a snap-fit connection, exemplified by a thigh strap 124 that includes first and second strap portions 241 and 242 and a spring tab 243 that is coupled to the first strap portion. 241 and between the two ends of the second strap portion 242; the other end of the second strap portion 242 is provided with an adhesive patch 244, such as a Velcro, or a snap; the other end of the first strap portion A buckle 128 is attached, the buckle having a head 281.
  • an adhesive patch 244 such as a Velcro, or a snap
  • the head 281 of the buckle 128 is passed through the through hole provided in the thigh splint 22 and moved into the bayonet as previously described;
  • the second strap portion 242 passes through the elongated through hole on the thigh splint 23, and the first strap portion 241, the second strap portion 242 and the spring tab 243 are folded at the joint to make the three figures zigzag, wherein
  • the spring piece 243 is sandwiched between the first strap portion 241 and the second strap portion 242, and the second strap portion 242 is adhered to the first strap portion 241 by the adhesive patch 244, thereby binding the thigh
  • the strap is adjusted to a suitable length and its connection between the thigh splints 23 and 22 is achieved.
  • the buckle 128 can be disengaged from the thigh splint 22 as previously described while retaining the connection of the thigh strap 124 to the thigh splint 23; the thigh can also be strapped by the reverse operation of the attachment process as previously described. 124 is detached from the thigh splints 22 and 23.
  • Figure 14 illustrates yet another form of attachment, exemplified by a thigh strap 224 that includes a first strap portion 2241, a second strap portion 2242, and a fold button 2245 that is coupled to one end of the two, respectively.
  • the fold button 2245 is similar to the watch buckle, the other end of the first strap portion 2241 is coupled to the thigh splint 22, and the other end of the second strap portion 2242 is coupled to the thigh splint 23.
  • the connection of the first and second strap portions 2241, 2242 to the first and second thigh cleats 22, 23 may be by a movable connection such as the aforementioned snap connection or a fixed connection such as the aforementioned piercing.
  • the folding buckle 2245 When worn, the folding buckle 2245 is opened, the thigh strap 224 is lengthened, the lower limb of the user can be inserted into the corresponding thigh skeleton, and then the folding buckle 2245 is buckled, and the thigh strap 224 is adjusted to an appropriate length.
  • FIG. 15 shows a third form of connection, with the thigh strap 324 as an example.
  • the thigh strap 324 herein includes an elastic portion and a non-elastic portion, the structure of which will be described later in detail; the two ends of the thigh strap 324 are a fixed connection end 3241 and a movable connection end 3242, respectively.
  • the thigh splints 322 and 323 are a unitary structure, and are provided with fixing holes 3221 and 3231 which respectively engage with the fixed connection end 3241 and the movable connection end 3242 of the thigh strap 324.
  • the fixing holes 3221 and 3231 are composed of two intersecting circular holes.
  • the medium large circular hole has a diameter of 10 mm
  • the small circular hole has a diameter of 5.5 mm.
  • the fixed connecting end 3241 has a hook-shaped protrusion 3243.
  • the hook-shaped protrusion 3243 is circular, the diameter is smaller than the diameter of the large circular hole constituting the fixing hole 3221, and the fixed connecting end 3241 is at the portion of the hook-shaped protrusion 3243.
  • the cross section of the fixing hole 3221 is similar to the shape of the fixing hole 3221, but the size is slightly smaller than the size of the fixing hole 3221.
  • the fixing connecting end 3241 can only be inserted into the fixing hole 3221 from one position; when the fixing connecting end 3241 is embedded in the fixing hole 3221, It is rotated 180° with respect to the fixing hole 3221 to the normal use position of the strap, at which time the fixed connection end 3241 cannot be disengaged from the fixing hole 3221, thereby forming a fixed connection.
  • the movable connecting end 3242 has a similar structure to the fixed connecting end 3241, and also has a circular hook-shaped protrusion 3243.
  • the fixed connecting end 3241 has a beveled surface 3245, which is movable.
  • the connecting end 3242 can be regarded as being formed as an angle of a structure in which the fixed connecting end 3241 is cut by the inclined surface 3245. This structure of the movable connecting end 3242 enables it to be directly inserted or detached from the large circular hole constituting the fixing hole 3231 by This forms an active connection.
  • the bevel 3245 can be planar, as shown in Figure 17; it can also be curved, as shown in Figure 18, which can make the operation of the strap more comfortable.
  • the thigh strap 324 includes a fixed connecting end 3241, a movable connecting end 3242, an elastic band 3244, an inelastic band 3243, and a buckle 3246.
  • the elastic band 3244 is disposed on the inelastic band 3243. Between the fixed human body and the fixed body 3241, the elastic band 3224 is connected to the non-elastic band 3243 through two mutually engaging fixing buckles 3247.
  • the elastic band 3244 is adjacent to the movable connecting end 3242 through two ends.
  • the interlocking fasteners 3247 are coupled to the buckle lower buckles 612 (see FIG. 21) of the buckles 3246, and FIG. 20 shows the topography of a fastening buckle 3247.
  • the side of the elastic band 24 facing away from the fixed human limb is provided with a band 3245 which passes through the band 3245 to limit the up and down movement between the elastic band and the inelastic band.
  • One end of the inelastic strap 3243 is connected to the fixed connecting end 3241, and the other end of the inelastic strap 3243 is connected to the buckle upper buckle 611 of the buckle 3246.
  • the end of the inelastic strap 3243 is connected to the movable connecting end 3242 through the buckle 3246.
  • the buckle 3246 includes a buckle upper buckle 611 and a buckle lower buckle 612.
  • the buckle upper buckle 611 and the buckle lower buckle 612 are hingedly connected, and are rotatable about a rotation axis, and the buckle upper buckle 611 and the buckle
  • the buckle 612 does not overlap, and the buckle is in the first state, that is, the release state; the buckle upper buckle and the buckle lower buckle are combined and fixed, and the buckle is in the second state, that is, the closed state.
  • the buckle upper buckle 611 includes a pair of cantilevers 6111 for connecting the buckle lower buckle 612.
  • the buckle upper buckle 611 and the buckle lower buckle 612 are hingedly connected, and the short axis of the cantilever 6111 of the buckle upper buckle 611 is opened when connected. Insert into the shaft hole of the buckle lower buckle 612.
  • the buckle upper buckle 611 further includes a pair of cantilevers 6112 for the buckle upper buckle 611 to be disengaged from the buckle lower buckle 612.
  • the pair of cantilever arms 6111 and the pair of cantilever arms 6112 form an M shape, and each cantilever 6112 is buckled toward the buckle.
  • One side of the 612 is provided with a snap protrusion, and the buckle lower buckle 612 is provided with a corresponding card hole, and the cantilever 6112 is pressed inward to release the buckle protrusion from the card hole.
  • the buckle upper buckle 611 and the buckle lower buckle 612 in the strap are in an unfolded state, the auxiliary device is placed at the correct position of the human limb, the strap is pulled around the leg, and the movable connecting end 3242 is buckled into the fixing frame.
  • the strap is loosely tied to the body member to be fixed, and the buckle upper buckle 611 and the buckle lower buckle 612 are overlapped, so that the buckle protrusion is embedded in the card hole, and the length of the strap is shortened.
  • the straps are tightly bound to the body parts that are fixed.
  • the strap By tightening the buckle 3246, the strap can be fastened, the required operating force is low, and the degree of tightening is the same each time, and therefore, it is very convenient for the patient, especially an elderly patient.
  • the buckle lower buckle 612 and the movable connecting end 3242 are hingedly connected to each other, and the buckle lower buckle 612 extends forwardly from the two cantilever arms, and the cantilever ends respectively extend outwardly from the pivot pin, and the movable connecting end 3242 is opposite.
  • Each of the convex ends has a shaft hole 222 inside.
  • the two cantilever arms of the buckle lower buckle 2612 are laterally pressed, the cantilever is deformed, the shaft pin distance is shortened, and the shaft hole 222 is inserted.
  • One of the two cantilevers of the buckle lower buckle 2612 is provided with a hole, and is fixed by the fixing buckle 3247 to ensure that the buckle lower buckle 612 is firmly connected with the movable connecting end 3242.
  • the two cantilevers cannot be laterally deformed, and the pivot pin at the end of the cantilever cannot be disengaged from the shaft hole 3246 (see FIG. 18) of the movable connecting end, thereby ensuring that the buckle lower buckle 612 and the movable connecting end 3242 are firmly connected.
  • At least two holes are provided at the joint of the buckle upper buckle 611 and the non-elastic belt 3243, and the non-elastic belt 3243 adopts a self-locking winding method to change the length of the strap when the buckle is in the second state (ie, the closed state) to adapt to different The needs of the wearer of the limb size.
  • the elastic sheet 613 is extended from the rotating shaft in the opposite direction of the buckle lower buckle 612, so that the pressure on the fixed human body at the rotating shaft is uniformly distributed by the elastic sheet 613, thereby improving the wearing comfort of the auxiliary device.
  • the elastic band 3244 is made of Lycra composite fabric, which can provide good stretchability and good biocompatibility, and can be used for pressure uniformity and cushioning, thereby ensuring the effect and comfort of the accessory.
  • the elastic band 3244 faces the side of the fixed human limb, and an anti-slip layer is provided to increase the friction between the elastic band 3244 and the body member to be fixed.
  • the anti-slip layer is formed into a mesh by silicone gel, which can ensure the permeability of the elastic band.
  • FIG 22 shows a strap of another embodiment of the present invention, still taking the thigh strap as an example.
  • the thigh strap 424 is similar to the thigh strap 324, which also includes an elastic portion and an inelastic portion, i.e., an elastic band and a non-elastic portion. Elastic band.
  • the thigh strap 424 includes two inelastic straps 4243, a buckle, and an elastic band.
  • the buckle includes a buckle upper buckle 4241 and a buckle lower buckle 4242.
  • the buckle is disposed between the two inelastic bands 4243, that is, two inelastic bands 4243, one segment is connected with the buckle upper buckle 4241, one segment is connected with the buckle lower buckle 4242; two inelastics are connected together by the buckle
  • One end of the strap 4243 is connected to the fixed connecting end, and the other end is connected to the movable connecting end.
  • the fixed connecting end and the movable connecting end are the same as the fixed connecting end 3241 and the movable connecting end 3242 described above, and are not shown, and will not be described again.
  • the material and structure of the elastic band and the inelastic band 4234 are the same as those of the elastic band 3244 and the inelastic band 3233, and are not described herein; similarly, one end of the elastic band (not shown) is connected to the inelastic band 4243 and the fixed connection end. At the joint, the other end of the elastic band is connected to the joint of the other end of the inelastic band 4243 and the movable connecting end.
  • the end of the inelastic strap 4243 connected to the buckle upper button 4241 is provided with a Velcro hook surface, and the non-elastic strap 4243 connected to the buckle lower buckle 4242 has a Velcro surface on one side, and the buckle is fixed by a Velcro.
  • FIG. 23 shows another connection manner of the two inelastic straps 5243 and the buckle.
  • the buckle includes a buckle upper buckle 5241 and a buckle lower buckle 5242, and the buckle upper buckle 5241 has a buckle-down buckle.
  • the buckle protrusion of the 5242, the buckle lower buckle 5242 has a card hole corresponding to the buckle protrusion, and the buckle is fixed by the cooperation of the buckle protrusion and the card hole.
  • the adjustment mechanism Since the slider and the groove plate in the adjustment mechanism can rotate and translate with each other, and the slider and the groove plate are respectively connected to the thigh splint and the calf splint, it is known that the adjustment mechanism is connected between the thigh skeleton and the calf skeleton. 31 and 32 can cause mutual rotation and movement between the thigh skeleton and the calf skeleton.
  • the difference between the hip knee angle and the standing orthotopic hip knee angle is from 140° to 0°, That is, for a normal human body with a positive hip and knee angle of 0°, the following description is based on the normal human body during the process of hip and knee angle from 140° to 0°, and the sliders in the adjustment mechanisms 31 and 32 occur.
  • Figure 11 shows the positional changes of the first and second raised portions 3101, 3102 of the slider 310 of the adjustment mechanism 31 in the first and second slots 3111, 3112 of the first slotted disk 311 during this process.
  • the positions of the first and second convex portions 3101 and 3102 in the first and second grooves 3111 and 3112 are (A1, B1), and when the hip and knee angle is 0°, the first The positions of the first and second bosses 3101 and 3102 in the first and second slots 3111 and 3112 are (A4, B4), and the first and second bosses 3101 and 3102 are at the first position as the hip and knee angles become smaller.
  • the position in the two slots 3111, 3112 is from (A1, B1), (A2, B2), (A3, B3) to (A4, B4), for example, when the hip and knee angle is 20°, the first and second The positions of the convex portions 3101 and 3102 in the first and second slots 3111 and 3112 are (A3, B3), and when the hip knee angle is 90°, the first and second convex portions 3101 and 3102 are in the first and second positions.
  • the positions in the slots 3111 and 3112 are (A2, B2).
  • the second convex portion 3102 is in the B1-B2 segment of the second groove 3112.
  • the knee orthosis When in the second bending portion (referred to as the second bending portion of the second groove 3112), the knee orthosis is in the second state described above; when the first convex portion 3101 is in the A3-A4 segment of the first groove 3111 (referred to as the first In the first curved portion of one slot 3111, when the second raised portion 3102 is in the B3-B4 segment of the second slot 3112 (referred to as the first curved portion of the second slot 3112), the knee orthosis is in front The first state is described; and when the first boss 3101 is in the A2-A3 segment of the first slot 3111 and the second boss 3102 is in the B2-B3 segment of the second slot 3112, the knee orthosis is at The transition state between the second state and the first state described above.
  • the division of the first and second bends of the first and second bends and the second groove 3112 of the first groove 3111 herein is determined by the division of the first and second states of the knee orthosis. If different division criteria are employed to distinguish the first and second states of the knee orthosis, the first and second bends of the first groove 2111 and the first and second bends of the second groove 3112 will also change.
  • the first groove 3111 has a curved portion near the A1, which corresponds to the second curved portion of the first groove 3111 in this embodiment, and the upper curved portion is designed in this embodiment.
  • the shape of the upward bend can make the structure of the groove plate more compact, and is advantageous for reducing the size of the adjustment mechanism.
  • the second groove 3112 has a downwardly bent portion near B4 which is included in the first curved portion of the second groove 3112 in this embodiment.
  • the portion of the lower bend corresponds to the state in which the lower limb of the user is fully extended, for example, when the hip knee angle is less than 4°-6°, the self-locking function can be achieved. That is, when the lower limb of the user enters the fully extended state, the movement between the slider 310 and the first grooved disk 311 is locked, thereby helping the user to maintain the fully extended state of the lower limb until the user bends the lower limb to exert a certain effect. The force causes the second raised portion of the slider 310 to exit the lower curved portion.
  • the positional changes of the first and second bosses 3103 and 3104 of the slider 310 of the adjusting mechanism 31 in the first and second slots of the second slotted disk 312 are the same as those described above, and are not described herein.
  • the movement of the slider in the adjustment mechanism 32 with respect to the groove plate is the same as that of the adjustment mechanism 32, and will not be described herein.
  • the rotational axis of rotation occurring between the thigh skeleton and the calf skeleton of the knee orthosis of the present invention described above can be determined by the thigh splints 22, 23 about the center of rotation of the calf splints 12, 13 by the adjustment mechanisms 31, 32, specifically
  • the thigh splint 22 is moved around the center of rotation of the calf splint 12 and the thigh splint 23 by the adjustment mechanism 32 around the center of rotation of the calf splint 13 by the adjustment mechanism 31, and the movement of the slider of the aforementioned adjustment mechanisms 31, 32 relative to the grooved disk
  • the description of the situation shows that during the mutual rotation of the thigh skeleton and the calf skeleton, the rotational axis (referred to as the rotational axis between the large and lower leg skeletons) is varied with respect to the calf skeleton (or the thigh skeleton).
  • the axis of rotation between the large and calf skeletons is parallel to the first axis of rotation of the knee joint, wherein the first axis of rotation of the knee joint refers to the occurrence of the calf around the knee joint.
  • the rotation axis of the knee joint that is swung in the forward and backward directions, and the front refers to the direction in which the face faces when the human body is standing upright.
  • the user wearing the knee orthosis of the present invention is in the process of walking from the flexed state to the straightened state and then from the straightened state to the flexed state due to the lower limbs when walking.
  • the inventive knee orthosis is driven by the lower limb, correspondingly from the second state to the first state and then from the first state to the second state, which is an automatic conversion process in conjunction with the walking gait of the human body.
  • the lower limbs in the straight state need to carry the weight load while the human body is walking, the lower limbs in the flexed state do not need to carry the weight load.
  • the knee orthosis of the present invention is in the first state, which tightly binds the lower limb and maintains a gap between the femur of the thigh and the bone of the calf of the calf, thereby the weight load from the thigh skeleton, the adjustment mechanism Passed to the calf skeleton, effectively replacing the human knee joint to carry the load.
  • the knee orthosis of the present invention is in the second state, which does not carry the load, and at the same time loosely binds the lower limb, thereby not affecting the blood flow of the lower limb of the user.

Abstract

一种膝关节矫形器,包括大腿骨架、小腿骨架和调节机构(31,32)。调节机构(31,32)使膝关节矫形器处于第一状态;处于第一状态的膝关节矫形器的大腿骨架紧束缚大腿,小腿骨架紧束缚小腿,大腿骨架对大腿施加沿股骨机械轴且背离小腿的方向的力,小腿骨架对小腿施加沿胫骨机械轴且背离大腿的方向的力。调节机构(31,32)还可以使膝关节矫形器处于第二状态;处于第二状态的膝关节矫形器的大腿骨架不对大腿施加沿股骨机械轴且背离小腿的方向的力,小腿骨架不对小腿施加沿胫骨机械轴且背离大腿的方向的力;并且大腿骨架松束缚大腿,小腿骨架松束缚小腿。膝关节矫形器由人体下肢驱动,可实现和人体的步态配合的自动地从第二状态到第一状态继而从第一状态到第二状态的转换。

Description

具有免荷功能的膝关节矫形器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种矫形器,尤其涉及一种具有免荷功能的膝关节矫形器。
背景技术
人体下肢是指人体腹部以下部分,包括臀部、股部、膝部、小腿部和足部,其具有支撑身体站立、步行的重要功能,还可以使身体呈坐位、跪坐、卧位等多种姿势。其中,主要作用为支撑体重的下肢的骨骼,即下肢骨,分为下肢带骨和自由下肢骨两部分。下肢带骨即髋骨,自由下肢骨包括股骨、髌骨、胫骨、腓骨及7块跗骨、5块跖骨和14块趾骨。骨与骨之间连接的地方称为关节,人体下肢包括三大关节:髋关节、膝关节和踝关节,皆为承重关节。
由于老化、生病或意外,人体的骨或关节会发生病变或退化,而人体下肢骨或下肢骨关节的病变或退化可能严重影响其承重功能,进而影响人体的站立、行走以及奔跑跳跃。对此,通常采用药物治疗、传统理疗及康复治疗,严重时采用手术治疗以恢复下肢骨或关节的功能。在康复治疗中,常常使用矫形器。
矫形器(orthosis)又称支具(brace),是用于人体四肢或其它部位以预防、矫正畸形,治疗骨、关节、神经、肌肉疾患并补偿其功能的体外装置,它通过限制或辅助身体运动,或改变身体力线等作用,以减轻四肢、脊柱、骨骼肌系统的功能障碍。根据适用部位不同,其可以分为上肢矫形器、脊柱矫形器以及下肢矫形器。其中,上肢矫形器主要用于补偿失去的肌力、扶持麻痹的肢体、保持或固定肢体与功能位、提供牵引力以防止挛缩和/或预防或矫正畸形;脊柱矫形器主要用于减轻局部疼痛、保护病变部位免受进一步损伤、支持麻痹的肌肉和/或预防、矫正畸形;下肢矫形器主要用于固定病变关节、预防或矫正畸形、代偿失去的肌肉功能、改善步态、避免肢体承重、促进骨折愈合和早期功能恢复。
膝关节是人体下肢的重要承重关节之一,如图1所示,其连接于大腿股骨1和小腿胫骨2之间,其包括关节软骨4、内侧半月板5和外侧半月板6。图1中还显示了髌骨3和胫骨粗隆7。
当膝关节软骨发生病变,例如骨性关节炎(OA),将导致关节软骨逐渐变性、坏死、磨损,随后骨头(即股骨与胫骨)之间开始互相直接摩擦,由此引起膝关节疼痛,并影响患者的日常生活。另外,膝关节老化、膝关节损伤、遗传、肥胖或过度运动也会对膝关节造成的额外负重。对于这些膝关节问题,在康复治疗中提供能提供避免或减轻膝关节部分的肢体承重的,即具有免荷(或免载)功能的下肢矫形器是有利于减轻病患的痛苦并帮助患者的恢复的。
免荷矫形器(Load-free orthosis)的目标为减轻肢体某节段骨骼和/或关节的轴向负重,其可以是部分免荷的,也可以是完全免荷的,主要出现在下肢矫形器中。目前用于减少或免除胫骨中段以下,包括踝关节和足部的体重负荷的免荷矫形器有膑韧带承重(PTB)矫形器(图2),用于对股骨、膝关节、胫骨等进行免荷的免荷矫形器有坐骨承重膝踝足矫形器(图3),其皆具有足蹬部分(即皆为落地式矫形器),因此使用不方便,且不美观。并且其包括了踝关节,不够灵活的辅具踝关节影响健康人体踝关节,带来极大地行动不便,且辅具结构复杂,尺寸过长,不易穿戴。
美国专利US8292838B2公开的OSSUR的安陆德免荷一号矫形器(图4)和Otto Bock的Genu Arthro 28K20/21矫形器并没有设计足蹬部分,这些非落地式膝关节免荷辅具都是通过三点力学原理施加内翻或外翻的力将受损一侧关节的间隙拉开,关节面压力得到卸载,从而阻止膝关节进一步磨损和局部症状的加重。但是人体在步态过程中产生的膝关节处的载荷是由双侧关节面及辅具一同承受,由于该类型的辅具侧向的大、小腿夹板没有分别固定于大腿和小腿上,不能限制夹板沿腿部轴线移动,即夹板不能帮助传递膝关节处沿力线方向的力,所以当受损一侧关节面的承载减小时,健康一侧的关节面的承载会相应增大来保证双侧关节面的承载总和不变。因此可见,其在减轻受损一侧的负载同时却大大增加了另一侧关节面所承受的载荷,这样反而加速了健康关节面软骨的磨损,最后导致膝关节两髁的骨关节炎。因此,它们皆不是真正意义上的免荷矫形器。
因此,本领域的技术人员致力于开发一种具有免荷功能的膝关节矫形器,其不包括足蹬部分,并且能实现真正意义上的免荷功能。
发明内容
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷,本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种膝关节矫形器,通过紧束缚大腿和小腿并施加作用力使股骨和胫骨的骨头之间保有间隙,实现非落地地对膝关节免荷。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种膝关节矫形器,其特征在于,包括佩戴于大腿的大腿骨架和佩戴于小腿的小腿骨架;
所述膝关节矫形器的工作状态包括第一状态;
处于所述第一状态的所述膝关节矫形器的所述大腿骨架紧束缚所述大腿,所述小腿骨架紧束缚所述小腿,所述大腿骨架对所述大腿施加沿股骨机械轴且背离小腿的方向的力,所述小腿骨架对所述小腿施加沿胫骨机械轴且背离大腿的方向的力;所述大腿骨架与所述小腿骨架之间的间距为第一间距。
进一步地,所述膝关节矫形器的工作状态还包括第二状态;
处于所述第二状态的所述膝关节矫形器的所述大腿骨架不对所述大腿施加沿股骨机械轴且背离小腿的方向的力,所述小腿骨架不对所述小腿施加沿胫骨机械轴且背离大腿的方向的力;所述大腿骨架与所述小腿骨架之间的间距为第二间距;
所述第二间距小于所述第一间距。
进一步地,处于所述第二状态的所述膝关节矫形器的所述大腿骨架松束缚所述大腿,所述小腿骨架松束缚所述小腿。
进一步地,所述膝关节矫形器还包括调节机构,所述调节机构设置在所述大腿骨架和/或所述小腿骨架上,或者设置在所述大腿骨架和所述小腿骨架之间,其使所述膝关节矫形器处于所述第一状态或所述第二状态。
进一步地,当髋膝踝角与站立正位髋膝踝角之差小于第一状态转换角度时,所述调节机构使所述膝关节矫形器处于所述第一状态;当所述髋膝踝角与所述站立正位髋膝踝角之差大于第二状态转换角度时,所述调节机构使所述膝关节矫形器处于所述第二状态;所述第二状态转换角度大于或等于所述第一状态转换角度。
进一步地,所述小腿骨架包括小腿托;处于所述第一状态的所述膝关节矫形器的所述小腿骨架的所述小腿托横向地在髌骨与胫骨粗隆之间的凹部处束缚所述小腿。
进一步地,所述调节机构设置在所述大腿骨架和所述小腿骨架之间,与所述大腿骨架和所述小腿骨架分别相连。
进一步地,所述大腿骨架能通过所述调节机构相对所述小腿骨架转动。
可选地,通过手动驱动所述调节机构,使所述膝关节矫形器从所述第一状态进入所述第二状态,以及使所述膝关节矫形器从所述第二状态进入所述第一状态。
可选地,通过电力驱动所述调节机构,使所述膝关节矫形器从所述第一状态进入所述第二状态,以及使所述膝关节矫形器从所述第二状态进入所述第一状态。
进一步地,所述膝关节矫形器还包括电源、传感器、马达和控制单元。
可选地,通过下肢驱动所述调节机构,使所述膝关节矫形器从所述第一状态进入所述第二状态,以及使所述膝关节矫形器从所述第二状态进入所述第一状态。
进一步地,包括两个调节机构,其分布在所述下肢的膝关节的两侧。
进一步地,所述转动的转动轴与所述膝关节的第一转动轴平行。
进一步地,所述小腿骨架还包括两个小腿夹板和小腿绑带;
所述两个小腿夹板分别贴合在所述小腿的两侧,所述两个小腿夹板的第一端分别连接到所述两个调节机构;
所述小腿绑带横向地贴合在所述小腿的背面的中上部,其两端分别连接在所述两个小腿夹板上;
所述小腿托为条状结构,其具有可贴合所述凹部的内表面,所述小腿托的两端分别固定连接到所述两个小腿夹板;
在所述小腿夹板上,所述小腿托与所述小腿夹板间的连接位置比所述小腿绑带与所述小腿夹板间的连接位置更接近所述小腿夹板的所述第一端。
进一步地,所述大腿骨架包括大腿托、两个大腿夹板和大腿绑带;
所述两个大腿夹板分别分布在大腿两侧,所述两个大腿夹板的第二端分别连接到所述两个调节机构;
所述大腿托为条状结构,其具有可横向地贴合所述大腿的正面的内表面,所述大腿托的两端分别连接到所述两个大腿夹板;
所述大腿绑带可横向地贴合在所述大腿的背面,其两端分别连接在所述两个大腿夹板上;
在所述大腿夹板上,所述大腿托与所述大腿夹板间的连接位置比所述大腿绑带与所述大腿夹板间的连接位置更接近所述大腿夹板的所述第一端。
进一步地,所述大腿托能绕其与所述大腿夹板的连接点转动。
进一步地,所述调节机构包括之间可相互转动及平动的槽盘和滑块,所述槽盘上具有弯曲的槽,所述滑块上具有凸起部,所述凸起部可在所述槽中滑动;
所述槽盘与所述小腿夹板的所述第一端相连,所述滑块与所述大腿夹板的所述第二端相连;或者,所述滑块与所述小腿夹板的所述第一端相连,所述槽盘与所述大腿夹板的所述第二端相连。
进一步地,所述滑块在所述滑块的边缘处与所述大腿夹板的所述第二端相连。
可选地,所述滑块通过铰链连接所述大腿夹板的所述第二端,所述滑块与所述铰链的连接位置在所述滑块的边缘处。
可选地,所述滑块与所述大腿夹板一体成型。
进一步地,所述槽盘在所述槽盘的边缘处与所述小腿夹板的所述第一端相连。
可选地,所述槽盘铆接在所述小腿夹板的所述第一端。
可选地,所述槽盘与所述小腿夹板一体成型。
进一步地,所述槽具有第一弯曲部和第二弯曲部;
在所述下肢的所述步态驱动下,当所述凸起部从所述第一弯曲部进入所述第二弯曲部时,所述膝关节矫形器从所述第一状态进入第二状态;当所述凸起部从所述第二弯曲部进入所述第一弯曲部时,所述膝关节矫形器从所述第二状态进入第一状态。
进一步地,所述槽包括第一槽和第二槽,所述凸起部包括第一凸起部和第二凸起部,所述第一凸起部可在所述第一槽内滑动,所述第二凸起部可在所述第二槽内滑动;
在所述下肢的所述步态驱动下,当所述第一凸起部从所述第一槽的所述第一弯曲部进入所述第一槽的所述第二弯曲部且所述第二凸起部从所述第二槽的所述第一弯曲部进入所述第二槽的所述第二弯曲部时,所述膝关节矫形器从所述第一状态进入第二状态;当所述第一凸起部从所述第一槽的所述第二弯曲部进入所述第一槽的所述第一弯曲部且所述第二凸起部从所述第二槽的所述第二弯曲部进入所述第二槽的所述第一弯曲部时,所述膝关节矫形器从所述第二状态进入第一状态。
可选地,所述槽盘包括相互固定的第一槽盘和第二槽盘,所述滑块夹在所述第一槽盘和所述第二槽盘之间;所述滑块在面对所述第一槽盘的面上具有可在所述第一槽盘的所述槽中滑动的所述凸起部,所述滑块在面对所述第二槽盘的面上具有可在所述第二槽盘的所述槽中滑动的所述凸起部;所述第二槽盘比所述第一槽盘更接近所述膝关节,所述第二槽盘与所述小腿夹板的所述第一端相连。
可选地,所述滑块包括相互固定的第一滑块和第二滑块,所述槽盘夹在所述第一滑块和所述第二滑块之间;所述槽盘在面对所述第一滑块的面上具有可容纳所述第一滑块的所述凸起部在其中滑动的所述槽;所述槽盘在面对所述第二滑块的面上具有可容纳所述第二滑块的所述凸起部在其中滑动的所述槽;所述第二滑块比所述第一滑块更接近所述膝关节,所述第二滑块与所述大腿夹板的所述第二端相连。
进一步地,所述膝关节矫形器还包括用于防止所述两个小腿夹板发生后摆的小腿夹板稳定结构,所述小腿夹板稳定结构为条状,其横向地贴合在所述小腿的正面且其两端分别连接到所述两个小腿夹板的第二端。
进一步地,所述小腿夹板稳定结构为第二小腿绑带,所述第二小腿绑带横向地贴合在所述小腿的正面,其两端分别连接到所述两个小腿夹板的第二端。
进一步地,所述大腿骨架还包括第二大腿绑带,所述第二大腿绑带横向地贴合在所述大腿的背面,其两端分别连接到所述两个大腿夹板,所述第二大腿绑带与所述大腿夹板间的连接位置在所述大腿托与所述大腿夹板间的连接位置和所述大腿绑带与所述大腿夹板间的连接位置之间。
进一步地,所述小腿绑带和所述第二小腿绑带皆通过搭扣连接到所述小腿夹板;所述大腿绑带和所述第二大腿绑带皆通过搭扣连接到所述大腿夹板。
进一步地,所述大腿绑带和/或小腿绑带还包括弹性带与非弹性带,所述弹性带的两端分别连接到所述非弹性带的两端,所述非弹性带上设有长度调节装置以调节所述非弹性带两端间的距离。
进一步地,所述大腿绑带和/或小腿绑带还包括弹性带与非弹性带,所述弹性带的两端分别连接到所述非弹性带的两端,所述非弹性带上设有长度调节装置以调节所述非弹性带两端间的距离。
进一步地,所述长度调节装置处于第一状态,所述绑带的长度能够拉伸,所述长度调节装置处于第二状态,所述绑带的长度不能够拉伸。
进一步地,所述长度调节装置为搭扣,所述搭扣包括搭扣上扣与搭扣下扣,所述搭扣上扣与所述搭扣下扣通过铰链连接,能够绕旋转轴转动,所述搭扣上扣与所述搭扣下扣不重合,所述搭扣处于所述第一状态;所述搭扣上扣与所述搭扣下扣重合并固定,所述搭扣处于所述第二状态。
进一步地,所述搭扣通过魔术粘扣固定。
进一步地,所述搭扣上扣朝向所述搭扣下扣设置卡扣凸起,所述搭扣下扣设置相应的卡孔,所述搭扣通过所述卡扣凸起与所述卡孔固定。
进一步地,从所述旋转轴沿所述搭扣下扣相反的方向延伸出弹性薄片,使得所述旋转轴处产生对被固定的人体肢体的压力通过所述弹性薄片进行均布。
在本发明的较佳实施方式中,提供了一种膝关节矫形器,其包括大腿骨架、小腿骨架和连接在大腿骨架和小腿骨架之间的两个调节机构。大腿骨架包括分布于大腿两侧的两个大腿夹板和连接在两个大腿夹板之间的大腿托、大腿绑带和第二大腿绑带,小腿骨架包括分布在小腿两侧的两个小腿夹板和连接在两个小腿夹板之间的小腿托、小腿绑带和第二小腿绑带。其中,小腿托横向地在髌骨与胫骨粗隆之间的凹部处。两个调节机构分别分布在膝关节的两侧,分别连接在两对大腿夹板和小腿夹板之间,皆包括滑块和两个槽盘。滑块夹在两个槽盘之间,其中滑块连接到大腿夹板,槽盘连接到小腿夹板。滑块上具有凸起部,其通过凸起部在槽盘的槽中滑动,实现了调节机构的滑块相对于槽盘的移动,该移动包括平动和转动。随着佩戴了本发明的膝关节矫形器的使用者的下肢从屈曲状态到伸直状态,调节机构使膝关节矫形器从第二状态进入第一状态,处于第一状态的膝关节矫形器的大腿骨架紧束缚大腿,小腿骨架紧束缚小腿,大腿骨架对大腿施加沿股骨机械轴且背离小腿的方向的力,小腿骨架对小腿施加沿胫骨机械轴且背离大腿的方向的力。而随着佩戴了本发明的膝关节矫形器的使用者的下肢从伸直状态到屈曲状态,调节机构使膝关节矫形器从第一状态进入第二状态,处于第二状态的膝关节矫形器的大腿骨架松束缚大腿,小腿骨架松束缚小腿,大腿骨架不对大腿施加沿股骨机械轴且背离小腿的方向的力,小腿骨架不对小腿施加沿胫骨机械轴且背离大腿的方向的力。
由此可见,佩戴了本发明的膝关节矫形器的使用者在步行时,由于其下肢发生的是从屈曲状态到伸直状态继而从伸直状态到屈曲状态的过程,本发明的膝关节矫形器由该下肢驱动,相应地从第二状态到第一状态继而从第一状态到第二状态,这是一个和人体步行的步态配合的自动转换过程。并且,由于人体步行时,处于伸直状态的下肢需要承载体重负荷而处于屈曲状态的下肢不需要承载体重负荷。对于处于伸直状态的下肢,本发明的膝关节矫形器处于第一状态,其紧束缚下肢并使大腿的股骨和小腿的胫骨的骨头之间保有间隙,由此体重负荷从大腿骨架、调节机构传递到小腿骨架,有效地替代人体膝关节承载了负荷。对于处于屈曲状态的下肢,本发明的膝关节矫形器处于第二状态,其并不承载负荷且松束缚下肢,由此不影响使用者的下肢的血脉运行。本发明通过将小腿骨架的小腿托设置在髌骨与胫骨粗隆之间的凹部处,使处于第一状态的膝关节矫形器的小腿骨架的小腿托在在该凹部处束缚小腿,以有效地传递力,减小对小腿腓肠肌部分的压迫,并且可以防止辅具整体下滑这一普遍存在的现象。另外,本发明的膝关节矫形器处于第一状态时可以给整个膝关节双髁卸载,因此其不仅可适用于单颗骨性关节炎,也可以用于双髁骨性关节炎。
以下将结合附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果作进一步说明,以充分地了解本发明的目的、特征和效果。
附图说明
图1是人体膝关节的解剖结构示意图。
图2示出了膑韧带承重矫形器。
图3示出了坐骨承重膝踝足矫形器。
图4示出了OSSUR的安陆德免荷一号矫形器。
图5是一个较佳的实施例中,本发明的膝关节矫形器的侧视图。
图6是图5所示的膝关节矫形器的正视图。
图7是图5所示的膝关节矫形器的后视图。
图8示出了具有倾斜的内表面的小腿托。
图9示出了通过子母钉实现大腿托与大腿夹板之间的连接。
图10是图5所示的膝关节矫形器的调节机构的结构分解图。
图11是图9所示的调节机构的第一槽盘的正视图。
图12是图5所示的膝关节矫形器的立体图。
图13示出了大腿绑带的一种形式。
图14示出了大腿绑带的另一种形式。
图15示出了大腿绑带的另一种形式。
图16是图15所示的大腿绑带的固定连接端结构示意图。
图17是图15所示的大腿绑带的活动连接端的侧视图。
图18是图15所示的大腿绑带的活动连接端的结构示意图。
图19示出了图15中的大腿绑带的结构。
图20示出了图19中的固定扣的结构。
图21示出了图19中的搭扣的结构。
图22示出了另一种形式的大腿绑带的两个弹性带和搭扣的连接。
图22示出了另一种形式的大腿绑带的两个弹性带和搭扣的连接。
具体实施方式
本说明书中采用了部分放射学力线测量领域的术语进行描述,其具体定义如下:
股骨机械轴:股骨头中心与膝关节中心的连线;
胫骨机械轴:膝关节中心与踝关节中心的连线;
股骨头中心:由于股骨头是一个相对比较规则的圆形,使用Mose圈或圆规确定股骨头中心;
膝关节中心:通过确定膝关节间隙水平的软组织中点、胫骨平台上缘中点、髁间窝顶点处股骨髁的中点、胫骨髁间嵴中心和骨髁间窝的中心,将此5个点的中心确定为膝关节中心;
踝关节中心:通过确定踝关节间隙水平的软组织中点、踝关节间隙水平的内、外踝表面间距的中点和距骨中心,将此3个点的中心确定为踝关节中心;
髋膝踝角:股骨机械轴与胫骨机械轴的夹角,本发明中的髋膝踝角仅限于股骨机械轴与胫骨机械轴的夹角在人体左右对称面上的投影角;
站立正位髋膝踝角:人体处于站立正位时的髋膝踝角。
本发明的膝关节矫形器,包括大腿骨架和小腿骨架,其中,大腿骨架佩戴于大腿,小腿骨架佩戴于小腿。膝关节矫形器的工作状态包括第一状态,此时膝关节矫形器的大腿骨架紧束缚大腿,小腿骨架紧束缚小腿,并且大腿骨架对大腿施加沿股骨机械轴且背离小腿的方向的力,小腿骨架对小腿施加沿胫骨机械轴且背离大腿的方向的力。由此,大腿骨架和小腿骨架使大腿的股骨和小腿的胫骨的骨头之间保有间隙,以免除骨头之间的直接摩擦。此时,大腿骨架与小腿骨架之间的间距为第一间距。此处大腿骨架与小腿骨架之间的间距S定义为大腿骨架上的一个选定的位置到膝关节中心的连线在股骨机械轴上的投影的长度S1与小腿骨架上的一个选定的位置到膝关节中心的连线在胫骨机械轴上的投影的长度S2之和,即S=S1+S2。其中,大腿骨架上的选定的位置可以选定为大腿骨架与大腿的接触位置中距离膝关节中心最近的或者最远的接触位置,小腿骨架上的选定的位置可以选定为小腿骨架与小腿的接触位置中距离膝关节中心最近的或者最远的接触位置。需要说明的是,大腿骨架(或小腿骨架)上的选定的位置到膝关节中心的连线在股骨机械轴(或胫骨机械轴)上的投影可能落在股骨机械轴(或胫骨机械轴)的延长线上,设定此时的投影的长度为负值;而对于大腿骨架(或小腿骨架)上的选定的位置到膝关节中心的连线在股骨机械轴(或胫骨机械轴)上的投影落在股骨机械轴(或胫骨机械轴)上的情况,设定该投影的长度为正值。
此处的大腿骨架紧束缚大腿及小腿骨架紧束缚小腿是指处于第一状态的膝关节矫形器的大腿骨架对大腿施加沿股骨机械轴且背离小腿的方向的力以及小腿骨架对小腿施加沿胫骨机械轴且背离大腿的方向的力时,大腿骨架不会发生相对大腿的滑移且小腿骨架不会发生相对小腿的滑移。因此,佩戴本发明的膝关节矫形器的使用者在进行日常活动时,能保证该膝关节矫形器在下肢的定位,以此保证大腿骨架和小腿骨架使大腿的股骨和小腿的胫骨的骨头之间保有间隙。
膝关节矫形器的工作状态还包括第二状态,此时膝关节矫形器的大腿骨架不对大腿施加沿股骨机械轴且背离小腿的方向的力,小腿骨架不对小腿施加沿胫骨机械轴且背离大腿的方向的力。此时并不保证大腿骨架和小腿骨架使大腿的股骨和小腿的胫骨的骨头之间保有间隙,例如,此时可以是使用者刚完成佩戴本发明的膝关节矫形器的时候的状态。此时,大腿骨架与小腿骨架之间的间距为第二间距。对于同一个佩戴者佩戴同一个本发明的膝关节矫形器时,第二间距小于第一间距。
本发明的膝关节矫形器还包括调节机构,该调节机构设置在大腿骨架和/或小腿骨架上;或者设置在大腿骨架和小腿骨架之间,与大腿骨架和小腿骨架分别相连。调节机构可以通过手动驱动、电力驱动或下肢驱动,根据需要使膝关节矫形器处于第一状态或第二状态。例如,当膝关节在使用者处于站立位需要负荷体重时,可以通过手动驱动调节机构以使本发明的膝关节矫形器处于第一状态;而当膝关节在使用者处于坐位不需要负荷体重时,通过手动驱动调节机构以使本发明的膝关节矫形器处于第二状态。或者,当膝关节在使用者处于站立位需要负荷体重时,可以通过电动驱动调节机构以使本发明的膝关节矫形器处于第一状态;而当膝关节在使用者处于坐位不需要负荷体重时,通过电动驱动调节机构以使本发明的膝关节矫形器处于第二状态;对于通过电动驱动调节机构的情况,本发明的膝关节矫形器还可以包括电源、驱动用的马达、传感器以及控制单元。当传感器测得膝关节需要负荷体重,或者有负荷通过膝关节传递(包括从大腿传递到小腿和从小腿传递到大腿)时,控制单元即驱动调节机构使膝关节矫形器处于第一状态,否则则使膝关节矫形器处于第二状态。
在本发明的一个较佳的实施例中,通过下肢驱动调节机构,具体地为通过人体下肢驱动调节机构,当髋膝踝角与站立正位髋膝踝角之差小于第一状态转换角度时,调节机构使膝关节矫形器处于第一状态;当髋膝踝角与站立正位髋膝踝角之差大于第二状态转换角度时,调节机构使膝关节矫形器处于第二状态,第二状态转化角度大于或等于第一状态转换角度。例如对于正常人,其站立正位髋膝踝角为0°,设定第一状态转换角度为20°,设定第二状态转换角度为90°,则当使用者佩戴了本发明的膝关节矫形器的下肢的髋膝踝角小于20°时,该膝关节矫形器处于第一状态;而当使用者佩戴了本发明的膝关节矫形器的下肢的髋膝踝角大于90°时,该膝关节矫形器处于第二状态。或者,设定第一状态转换角度和第二状态转换角度皆为45°,则当使用者佩戴了本发明的膝关节矫形器的下肢的髋膝踝角小于45°时,该膝关节矫形器处于第一状态;而当使用者佩戴了本发明的膝关节矫形器的下肢的髋膝踝角大于45°时,该膝关节矫形器处于第二状态。并且,在本实施例中,处于第二状态的膝关节矫形器的大腿骨架松束缚大腿,小腿骨架松束缚小腿。此处的大腿骨架松束缚大腿及小腿骨架松束缚小腿是指处于第二状态的膝关节矫形器的大腿骨架对大腿施加的束缚力小于处于第一状态的膝关节矫形器的大腿骨架对大腿施加的束缚力的二分之一以及处于第二状态的膝关节矫形器的小腿骨架对小腿施加的束缚力小于处于第一状态的膝关节矫形器的小腿骨架对小腿施加的束缚力的二分之一。此处的束缚力是指最大压力,即大腿骨架对大腿施加的束缚力为大腿骨架对大腿施加的最大压力(挤压力),小腿骨架对小腿施加的束缚力为小腿骨架对小腿的最大压力(挤压力)。需要说明的是,由于各个人体的下肢的形状、肌肉发达程度等互有差异,因此不同的人佩戴本发明的膝关节矫形器时,其大腿被紧束缚时接受的束缚力各不相同,其小腿被紧束缚时接受的束缚力各不相同,其大腿被松束缚时接受的束缚力各不相同,其小腿被松束缚时接受的束缚力各不相同。例如,对于某一患者,其佩戴本发明的膝关节矫形器时,其大腿被紧束缚时接受的束缚力为50N,其大腿被松束缚时接受的束缚力为20N。可以理解,松束缚大腿的大腿骨架和松束缚小腿的小腿骨架对使用者的下肢的挤压较小(或者为零),由此对使用者的下肢的血脉运行影响较小(或不产生影响)。这样,当佩戴着本发明的膝关节矫形器的患者处于站立状态或者其他需要膝关节负荷的状态时,处于第一状态的膝关节矫形器实现对膝关节进行全部或部分免荷,这由患者的实际需求决定,例如对于严重的骨性关节炎患者,可能需要处于第一状态的膝关节矫形器对病态的膝关节进行全部免荷,而对于轻度的骨性关节炎患者,可能只需要部分免荷,如免荷100N;当佩戴着本发明的膝关节矫形器的患者处于坐、卧状态或者其他不需要膝关节负荷的状态时,处于第二状态的膝关节矫形器不必对膝关节免荷。
如图5-7所示,在本实施例中,本发明的膝关节矫形器包括两个调节机构31和32,它们皆连接在大腿骨架和小腿骨架之间;大腿骨架包括大腿托21、两个大腿夹板22和23以及大腿绑带24;小腿骨架包括小腿托11、两个小腿夹板12和13以及小腿绑带14。
小腿托11横向地位于髌骨与胫骨粗隆之间的凹部处,用于在该凹部处束缚小腿并提供支撑作用,此处的支撑作用包括:对于处于第一状态的膝关节矫形器,承受由大腿骨架通过调节机构传递到小腿骨架的负荷并免除小腿骨架下滑;对于处于第二状态的膝关节矫形器,支撑整个膝关节矫形器以免其下滑。小腿托11为条状结构,其具有可贴合上述凹部的内表面,例如其内表面为柔性材料制备或贴附海绵层,其两端分别固定连接到小腿夹板12和13,即其相对于小腿夹板12和13是不可动的。为了较佳地贴合上述凹部,小腿托11的内表面为弯曲的弧形,且相对于胫骨机械轴沿从上往下的方向逐渐向外倾斜(即偏离胫骨机械轴)。具体地,小腿托11的内表面的法线与胫骨机械轴间的夹角根据佩戴者的胫骨粗隆形状而定,例如为80°;或者,在图8所示的小腿的中间截面上,小腿托11的内表面CD与胫骨机械轴EF间的夹角为80°。较佳地,小腿托11的制作材料的拉伸强度大于300MPa,屈服强度大于250MPa,例如铝合金6061-6T。
两个小腿夹板12和13为长条状,它们分别贴合在小腿的两侧,即小腿的左侧和右侧。两个小腿夹板12和13的第一端(即图5-7中所示的小腿夹板12和13的顶端)分别连接到两个调节机构31和32,其中,小腿夹板12的第一端连接调节机构31,小腿夹板13的第一端连接调节机构32。较佳地,小腿夹板12和13的制作材料的拉伸强度大于300MPa,屈服强度大于250MPa,例如铝合金6061-6T。
小腿绑带14横向地贴合在小腿的背面的中上部,其两端分别连接在小腿夹板12和13上。其中,小腿的背面指在人体处于站立正位时与人体背部朝向相同的小腿部分,小腿的背面的中上部具体地是指小腿腓肠肌的最突出部分之上接近膝弯(即膝后区的菱形凹陷处)处 ,约在膝弯下方3cm处。另外,可以调节小腿绑带14在小腿夹板12和13上的连接位置,使小腿绑带14不垂直于胫骨机械轴,即小腿绑带非水平,而是倾斜一定的角度以更好地贴合上述小腿的背面的中上部来与小腿托11一起提供上述的支撑作用。小腿绑带14的制作材料为不可拉伸(或较难拉伸)的柔性材料,较佳地,其弹性系数不小于20N/mm,例如尼龙。
在小腿夹板12和13上,小腿托11与其间的连接位置比小腿绑带14与其间的连接位置更接近小腿夹板12和13的第一端。即如图5-7所示的小腿托11与小腿夹板12间的连接位置比小腿绑带14与小腿夹板12间的连接位置更接近小腿夹板12的顶端;小腿托11与小腿夹板13间的连接位置比小腿绑带14与小腿夹板13间的连接位置更接近小腿夹板13的顶端。
小腿骨架还可以包括小腿夹板稳定结构,其用于使佩戴在使用者下肢的本发明的膝关节矫形器的小腿骨架更好地贴合下肢的小腿部分,免于其中的小腿夹板在使用者的运动过程中发生向后摆动的现象。本实施例中,小腿夹板稳定结构为第二小腿绑带15,其横向地贴合在小腿的正面,其两端分别连接到小腿夹板12和13的第二端。其中,小腿的正面指在人体处于站立正位时与人体面部朝向相同的小腿部分,小腿夹板12和13的第二端即如图5-7所示的小腿夹板12和13的末端。第二小腿绑带15的制作材料为不可拉伸(或较难拉伸)的柔性材料,较佳地,其弹性系数不小于20N/mm,例如尼龙。小腿夹板稳定结构也可以不是绑带,例如横向地固定连接在小腿夹板12和13的第二端之间的刚性的条状结构,其横向地贴合在小腿的正面,制作材料可以为铝合金、硬塑料等,并且其可以在用于贴合小腿的正面的表面上附着柔性材料层。
另外,需要说明的是,在本发明的其它实施例中,小腿托、小腿夹板和第一、第二小腿绑带可以是其它的形状,只要其满足上述的连接及位置关系即可。
大腿托21为条状结构,其具有可横向地贴合大腿的正面的内表面,例如其内表面为弯曲的弧形,由柔性材料制备或贴附海绵层;其两端分别连接到两个大腿夹板22和23。大腿的正面指在人体处于站立正位时与人体面部朝向相同的大腿部分。本实施例中,大腿托21能绕其与大腿夹板22和23的连接点转动,即大腿托21能绕由其与大腿夹板22和23的连接点确定的轴线转动。这是通过大腿托21与大腿夹板22和23间的柔性连接或间隙连接实现的。本实施例中,采用子母钉实现大腿托21与大腿夹板22和23间的间隙连接。如图9所示,以大腿托21与大腿夹板22为例,两者间的连接轴线方向GH(即垂直于两者间的接触面的方向)并不垂直于大腿托21与大腿夹板22和23的连接点确定的轴线IJ,这样如果两者间的连接是铆钉连接或螺钉连接,则大腿托21不能灵活地绕轴线IJ转动;而采用如图9所示的子母钉的活动连接,子母钉较长,可以使大腿托21和大 腿夹板22的两个接触面之间留有一定的间隙,由此可以使两者相互之间获得更多的转动自由度,即可以使大腿托21灵活地绕轴线IJ转动。另外,在其它的实施例中,也可以使大腿托相对于两个大腿夹板不可动。较佳地,大腿托21的制作材料的拉伸强度大于300MPa,屈服强度大于250MPa,例如铝合金6061-6T。
两个大腿夹板22和23为长条状,它们分别贴合在大腿的两侧,即大腿的左侧和右侧。两个大腿夹板22和23的第二端(即图5-7中所示的大腿夹板22和23的末端)分别连接到两个调节机构31和32,其中,大腿夹板22的第二端连接调节机构31,大腿夹板23的第二端连接调节机构32。较佳地,大腿夹板22和23的制作材料的拉伸强度大于300MPa,屈服强度大于250MPa,例如铝合金6061-6T。
大腿绑带24可横向地贴合在大腿的背面,其两端分别连接在大腿夹板22和23上。其中,大腿的背面指在人体处于站立正位时与人体背部朝向相同大腿部分。大腿绑带24的制作材料为不可拉伸(或较难拉伸)的柔性材料,较佳地,其弹性系数不小于20N/mm,例如尼龙。
在大腿夹板22和23上,大腿托21与其间的连接位置比大腿绑带24与其间的连接位置更接近大腿夹板22和23的第一端(即图5-7中所示的大腿夹板22和23的顶端)。即如图5-7所示的大腿托21与大腿夹板22间的连接位置比大腿绑带24与大腿夹板22间的连接位置更接近大腿夹板22的顶端;大腿托21与大腿夹板23间的连接位置比大腿绑带24与大腿夹板23间的连接位置更接近大腿夹板23的顶端。
大腿骨架还可以包括第二大腿绑带25,其横向地贴合在大腿的背面,其两端分别连接到大腿夹板22和23,第二大腿绑带25与大腿夹板22和23间的连接位置在大腿托21与大腿夹板22和23间的连接位置和大腿绑带24与大腿夹板22和23间的连接位置之间。其中,大腿的背面指在人体处于站立正位时与人体背部朝向相同的大腿部分,如图5-7所示的第二大腿绑带25与大腿夹板22间的连接位置在大腿托21与大腿夹板22间的连接位置和大腿绑带24与大腿夹板22间的连接位置之间,第二大腿绑带25与大腿夹板23间的连接位置在大腿托21与大腿夹板23间的连接位置和大腿绑带24与大腿夹板23间的连接位置之间。第二大腿绑带25用于使佩戴在使用者下肢的本发明的膝关节矫形器的大腿骨架更好地贴合下肢的大腿部分,免于其中的大腿夹板在使用者的运动过程中发生向前翘起的现象。较佳地,第二大腿绑带25与大腿夹板22和23间的连接位置更接近于大腿托21与大腿夹板22和23间的连接位置。
另外,需要说明的是,在本发明的其它实施例中,大腿托、大腿夹板和第一、第二大腿绑带可以是其它的形状,只要其满足上述的连接及位置关系即可。
调节机构31和32分别分布于膝关节的两侧,即膝关节的左侧和右侧。在本实施例中,调节机构31和32皆为由可相互转动及平动的槽盘和滑块构成。本实施例中,调节机构31和32具有相同的结构,以下以调节机构31为例进行详细说明。如图10的调节机构31的分解图所示,调节机构31包括滑块310和两个槽盘,即第一槽盘311和第二槽盘312。第一槽盘311和第二槽盘312彼此之间固定,滑块310夹在第一槽盘311和第二槽盘312之间。第一槽盘311和第二槽盘312在面向滑块310的面上皆具有两道弯曲的槽,如图10和11所示的第一槽盘311的第一槽3111和第二槽3112。第二槽盘312的第一槽和第二槽与图10和11所示的第一槽盘311的第一槽3111和第二槽3112相同。滑块310在其面向第一槽盘311和第二槽盘312的面上皆有两个凸起部,如图10所示的滑块310在其面向第一槽盘311面具有第一凸起部3101(未图示)和第二凸起部3102,在其面向第二槽盘312面具有第一凸起部3103和第二凸起部3104,滑块310的第一、二凸起部3101和3102与第一、二凸起部3103和3104相同。第一槽3111可供第一凸起部3101在其中滑动,第二槽3112可供第二凸起部3102在其中滑动,第一槽3121可供第一凸起部3103在其中滑动,第二槽3122可供第二凸起部3104在其中滑动。在本实施例中,滑块310为对称结构,其关于自身的中心截面对称,完成组装的滑块310、第一槽盘311和第二槽盘312关于滑块310的中心截面对称。在本发明的其他实施例中,滑块310可以为不对称结构,完成组装的滑块310、第一槽盘311和第二槽盘312也可以是不对称的。
如图10所示,本实施例中的各个凸起部采用轴承制作,各个轴承的内圈固定在滑块上,外圈可灵活转动,转动轴垂直于滑块的表面。构成各个凸起部的轴承外圈的直径与用于该凸起部在其中滑动的槽的宽度匹配,以使该凸起部在该槽滑动的过程中,该凸起部的轴承的外圈在该槽的某一侧壁上发生滚动,由此大大减小凸起部与槽之间的摩擦,减小转动阻力,同时能延长部件的使用寿命。例如,第二凸起部3102在第二槽3112中滑动的过程中,第二凸起部3102的轴承的外圈将在第二槽3112的某一侧壁上发生滚动。
调节机构31和32的第二槽盘比第一槽盘更接近膝关节。较佳地,调节机构31和32的第一槽盘、第二槽盘和滑块的制作材料的屈服强度大于50MPa,弹性模量大于2000MPa,且具有减磨、耐磨特性,例如POM。需要说明的是,本发明的膝关节矫形器的调节机构中的滑块和槽盘可以互换,即可以由一个双面开槽槽盘夹在两个单面具有凸起部的滑块之间构成调节机构。另外,也可以只由一个槽盘和一个滑块构成调节机构;或者槽盘上具有多于或少于2个的弯曲的槽,滑块上具有多于或少于2个的凸起部;或者采用其他形状的槽、凸起部的结构。
如图12所示,调节机构31的滑块310通过铰链33固定连接到大腿夹板22,更具体地,调节机构31的滑块310在其边缘处通过铰链33固定连接到大腿夹板22的第二端(即图5-7所示的大腿夹板22的末端)。第二槽盘312连接到小腿夹板12,更具体地,第二槽盘312在其边缘处固定连接到小腿夹板12的第一端(即图5-7所示的小腿夹板12的顶端)。本实施例中,通过3个螺钉35将第一槽盘311、第二槽盘312和小腿夹板12依次连接,在本发明的其他实施例中还可以采用其他的连接方式,例如使滑块310与大腿夹板22一体成型,使第二槽盘312与小腿夹板12一体成型。调节机构32与大腿夹板23、小腿夹板13之间的连接关系与上述的调节机构31与大腿夹板22、小腿夹板12之间的连接关系相同,在此不赘述。另外,需要说明的是,调节机构的滑块和槽盘与大腿夹板和小腿夹板间的连接关系是可以替换的,例如还可以使滑块连接到小腿夹板而槽盘连接到大腿夹板。
如图12所示,本实施例中,大腿托21通过一个子母钉26连接到大腿夹板23, 同样地通过一个子母钉连接到大腿夹板22;大腿绑带24一端穿设在大腿夹板23上,另一端通过搭扣27连接在大腿夹板22上,便于穿戴与脱卸;第二大腿绑带25一端穿设在大腿夹板23上,另一端通过搭扣28连接在大腿夹板22上,便于穿戴与脱卸;小腿托11通过两个铆钉16连接到小腿夹板13,同样地通过两个铆钉连接到小腿夹板12,由此小腿托11固定连接在小腿夹板12和13上;小腿绑带14一端穿设在小腿夹板13上,另一端通过搭扣(未示出)连接在小腿夹板12上,便于穿戴与脱卸;第二小腿绑带15一端穿设在小腿夹板12上,另一端穿设在小腿夹板13上。需要说明的是,在本发明的其他实施例中,还可以采用其他的连接手段,例如使用螺丝与螺母的配合连接、焊接、胶合等。
图12中示出的搭扣连接具体地为,大腿绑带24、第二大腿绑带25、小腿绑带14以及第二小腿绑带15的端部皆固定一个搭扣,在佩戴本发明的膝关节矫形器时,将搭扣的头部穿过设置在大腿夹板22和小腿夹板12的通孔并移动嵌入与该通孔相连通的卡口内,由此实现大腿绑带24、第二大腿绑带25、小腿绑带14以及第二小腿绑带15到大腿夹板22和小腿夹板12的连接。卡口比通孔小,设置在比通孔更接近相应的各个大腿绑带24、第二大腿绑带25、小腿绑带14以及第二小腿绑带15的位置处,这样由于人体肌肉的弹性,可以保证佩戴的本发明的膝关节矫形器的大腿绑带24、第二大腿绑带25、小腿绑带14以及第二小腿绑带15不会从大腿夹板22和小腿夹板12上脱落。而在脱卸本发明的膝关节矫形器时,通过推动搭扣,将搭扣的头部从卡口中移到通孔并退出通孔,实现将大腿绑带24、第二大腿绑带25、小腿绑带14以及第二小腿绑带15从大腿夹板22和小腿夹板12上脱离。
图13示出了另一种搭扣连接的形式,以大腿绑带124为例,其包括第一和第二绑带部分241和242以及弹簧片243,弹簧片243连接在第一绑带部分241和第二绑带部分242的两个端部之间;第二绑带部分242的另一端部上设置有粘性贴244,例如魔术贴,或者按扣;第一绑带部分的另一端部连接搭扣128,搭扣具有头部281。在将大腿绑带124连接到大腿夹板23和22之间时,如前所述地将搭扣128的头部281穿过设置在大腿夹板22上的通孔并移动嵌入卡口内;继而将第二绑带部分242穿过大腿夹板23上的长条形通孔,通过在连接处折叠第一绑带部分241、第二绑带部分242和弹簧片243,使三者呈之字形重合,其中弹簧片243被夹在第一绑带部分241和第二绑带部分242之间,并通过粘性贴244使第二绑带部分242粘合在第一绑带部分241上,以此将大腿绑带调节到适合的长度并实现其在大腿夹板23和22之间的连接。在脱卸过程中,可以如前所述地将搭扣128脱离大腿夹板22而保留大腿绑带124与大腿夹板23的连接;也可以通过如前所述的连接过程的逆操作,将大腿绑带124从大腿夹板22及23脱离。
图14示出了又一种连接的形式,以大腿绑带224为例,其包括第一绑带部分2241、第二绑带部分2242和分别与两者的一端连接的折叠扣2245,此处的折叠扣2245类似于手表搭扣,第一绑带部分2241的另一端连接到大腿夹板22,第二绑带部分2242的另一端连接到大腿夹板23。第一、二绑带部分2241、2242与第一、二大腿夹板22、23的连接可以通过诸如前述的搭扣连接的活动连接或者诸如前述的穿设的固定连接。佩戴时,打开折叠扣2245,大腿绑带224变长,使用者的下肢可穿入相应的大腿骨架中,然后扣上折叠扣2245,大腿绑带224被调节成适当的长度。
图15示出了第三种连接的形式,以大腿绑带324为例。此处的大腿绑带324包括弹性部分和非弹性部分,其结构将在后文中详述;大腿绑带324两端分别为固定连接端3241和活动连接端3242。此处的大腿夹板322和323为一体结构,其上设有分别与大腿绑带324的固定连接端3241和活动连接端3242配合的固定孔3221和3231。
如图15所示,固定孔3221和3231皆由相交的两个圆孔构成,本实施例中,中大圆孔的直径为10mm,小圆孔的直径为5.5mm。
如图16所示,固定连接端3241具有钩状凸起3243,钩状凸起3243为圆形,直径小于构成固定孔3221的大圆孔的直径,固定连接端3241在钩状凸起3243的部位处的横截面与固定孔3221的形状相似,只是尺寸略小于固定孔3221的尺寸,因此,固定连接端3241只能从一个位置嵌入固定孔3221;当固定连接端3241嵌入固定孔3221中后,将其相对于固定孔3221旋转180°即到绑带的正常使用位置,这时固定连接端3241不能从固定孔3221中脱出,从而形成固定连接。
如图17、18所示,活动连接端3242具有与固定连接端3241相似的结构,也具有圆形钩状凸起3243,与固定连接端3241不同的是:活动连接端3242具有斜面3245,活动连接端3242可以被看作为由斜面3245切除了类似固定连接端3241的结构的一个角形成,活动连接端3242的这一结构使得其能够从构成固定孔3231的大圆孔中直接嵌入或脱出,由此形成活动连接。
斜面3245可以是平面的,如图17所示;也可以是曲面的,如图18所示,这能使对绑带的操作更舒适。
图19示出了大腿绑带324的具体结构,大腿绑带324包括固定连接端3241、活动连接端3242、弹性带3244、非弹性带3243以及搭扣3246,弹性带3244设置于非弹性带3243与被固定的人体肢体之间,弹性带3224靠近固定连接端3241的一端通过两个相互咬合的固定扣3247与非弹性带3243连接在一起,弹性带3244靠近活动连接端3242的一端通过两个相互咬合的固定扣3247与搭扣3246的搭扣下扣612(参见图21)连接,图20示出了一个固定扣3247的形貌。弹性带24背离被固定的人体肢体的一侧设置带袢3245,非弹性带穿过带袢3245,以限制弹性带与非弹性带之间的上下窜动。
非弹性带3243的一端与固定连接端3241连接,非弹性带3243的另一端与搭扣3246的搭扣上扣611连接,非弹性带3243的该端通过搭扣3246与活动连接端3242连接。当搭扣3246处于第一状态,即搭扣打开的状态,由于弹性带3244的弹性,大腿绑带324的长度能够拉伸;当搭扣3246处于第二状态,即搭扣闭合的状态,由于非弹性带3243绑带的长度不能够拉伸。
如图21所示,搭扣3246包括搭扣上扣611与搭扣下扣612,搭扣上扣611与搭扣下扣612通过铰链连接,能够绕旋转轴转动,搭扣上扣611与搭扣下扣612不重合,搭扣处于第一状态即松开状态;搭扣上扣与搭扣下扣重合并固定,搭扣处于第二状态即闭合状态。
搭扣上扣611包括一对悬臂6111,用于连接搭扣下扣612,搭扣上扣611与搭扣下扣612通过铰链连接,连接时张开搭扣上扣611的悬臂6111的短轴套入搭扣下扣612的轴孔中。
搭扣上扣611还包括一对悬臂6112,用于搭扣上扣611从搭扣下扣612中脱出,一对悬臂6111与一对悬臂6112形成M形,每个悬臂6112朝向搭扣下扣612的一侧设置一个卡扣凸起,搭扣下扣612设置相应的卡孔,向内按压悬臂6112使卡扣凸起从卡孔中脱出。
采用上述结构,当向内按压悬臂6112时不会造成搭扣上扣611与搭扣下扣612通过铰链连接松开,而如果采用短轴从内侧套入搭扣下扣612的轴孔,当向内按压悬臂6112时就会造成搭扣上扣611与搭扣下扣612通过铰链连接松开。
当悬臂6112的卡扣凸起卡入搭扣下扣612的卡孔内,给搭扣下扣612的悬臂向外侧的力,如果搭扣下扣612的悬臂采用从外侧与活动连接端3242连接,当悬臂6112的卡扣凸起卡入搭扣下扣612的卡孔会造成搭扣下扣612与活动连接端3242的连接松开,因此搭扣下扣612的悬臂采用从内侧连接活动连接端3242。
绑带中的搭扣上扣611与搭扣下扣612处于展开状态,将辅具摆放于人体肢体的正确位置,牵拉绑带环绕腿部,将活动连接端3242扣入固定架中的连接孔中,此时绑带对被固定人体肢体的束缚较松,重叠搭扣上扣611与搭扣下扣612,使卡扣凸起嵌入到卡孔中,绑带长度变短,此时绑带对被固定人体肢体的束缚较紧。
通过旋转操作搭扣3246即可扣紧绑带,所需的操作力低,且每次绑紧的程度相同,因此,非常地方便患者尤其是老年患者使用。
搭扣下扣612与活动连接端3242通过铰链连接,可以相互旋转,搭扣下扣612向前延伸出两个悬臂,悬臂末端各自侧向向外伸出一轴销,活动连接端3242的相对的凸起端内侧各有一个轴孔222。侧向挤压搭扣下扣2612的两根悬臂,悬臂变形,轴销距离变短,嵌入轴孔222中。
搭扣下扣2612的两个悬臂各设置一个孔,使用固定扣3247固定,以保证搭扣下扣612与活动连接端3242连接牢固。两个悬臂不能发生侧向变形,悬臂末端的轴销就不能从活动连接端的轴孔3246(参见图18)中脱出,从而保证搭扣下扣612与活动连接端3242连接牢固。
搭扣上扣611与非弹性带3243连接处设置至少两个带孔,非弹性带3243采用自锁绕法,改变搭扣处于第二状态(即闭合状态)时绑带的长度,以适应不同肢体尺寸的佩戴者的需要。
从旋转轴沿搭扣下扣612相反的方向延伸出弹性薄片613,使得旋转轴处产生对被固定的人体肢体的压力通过弹性薄片613进行均布,提高辅具佩戴的舒适性。
弹性带3244采用莱卡复合布制作,既能够提供良好的伸缩性,又具有良好的生物相容性,能起到压力均布和缓冲作用,从而保证辅具效果和舒适性。
弹性带3244朝向被固定的人体肢体的一侧,设置防滑层,增加弹性带3244与被固定人体肢体之间的摩擦力。
防滑层为通过硅胶滴胶形成网格,能够保证弹性带的透气性。
图22示出了本发明的另一个实施例的绑带,仍然以大腿绑带为例,大腿绑带424与大腿绑带324类似,其也包括弹性部分和非弹性部分,即弹性带和非弹性带。具体地,大腿绑带424包括两个非弹性带4243、搭扣和弹性带。其中,搭扣包括搭扣上扣4241和搭扣下扣4242。搭扣设置在两个非弹性带4243之间,即两段非弹性带4243,一段与搭扣上扣4241连接,一段与搭扣下扣4242连接;通过搭扣连接在一起的两个非弹性带4243的一端与固定连接端连接,另一端与活动连接端连接,这里的固定连接端和活动连接端与上述的固定连接端3241和活动连接端3242一样,未图示,不赘述。弹性带和非弹性带4234的材料和结构与弹性带3244和非弹性带3233一样,在此不赘述;类似地,弹性带(未图示)的一端,连接到非弹性带4243与固定连接端的连接处,弹性带的另一端,连接到非弹性带4243的另一端与活动连接端的连接处。
与搭扣上扣4241连接的非弹性带4243的末端设置一段魔术贴钩面,与搭扣下扣4242连接的非弹性带4243的一面上有魔术贴毛面,搭扣通过魔术粘扣固定。
图23示出了两个非弹性带5243与搭扣的另一种连接方式,具体地,搭扣包括搭扣上扣5241和搭扣下扣5242,搭扣上扣5241具有朝向搭扣下扣5242的卡扣凸起,搭扣下扣5242具有对应该卡扣凸起的卡孔,搭扣通过卡扣凸起与卡孔的配合实现固定。
由于调节机构中的滑块和槽盘之间可以发生相互转动及平动,而滑块和槽盘分别连接到大腿夹板和小腿夹板,因此可知,连接在大腿骨架和小腿骨架之间的调节机构31和32可以使大腿骨架和小腿骨架之间发生相互转动和平动。随着佩戴了本发明的膝关节矫形器的使用者的下肢从屈曲状态到伸直状态,例如髋膝踝角与站立正位髋膝踝角之差从140°到0°的过程中,(即对于站立正位髋膝踝角为0°的正常人体,髋膝踝角从140°到0°的过程中,以下描述皆以正常人体为准),调节机构31和32内的滑块发生相对于槽盘的移动。图11示出了该过程中,调节机构31的滑块310的第一、二凸起部3101、3102在第一槽盘311的第一、二槽3111、3112内的位置变化。当髋膝踝角为140°时,第一、二凸起部3101、3102在第一、二槽3111、3112内的位置为(A1,B1),当髋膝踝角为0°时,第一、二凸起部3101、3102在第一、二槽3111、3112内的位置为(A4,B4),随着髋膝踝角逐渐变小,第一、二凸起部3101、3102在第一、二槽3111、3112内的位置从(A1,B1)、(A2,B2)、(A3,B3)到(A4,B4),例如,当髋膝踝角为20°时,第一、二凸起部3101、3102在第一、二槽3111、3112内的位置为(A3,B3),当髋膝踝角为90°时,第一、二凸起部3101、3102在第一、二槽3111、3112内的位置为(A2,B2)。其中,当第一凸起部3101在第一槽3111的A1-A2段(称作第一槽3111的第二弯曲部)中,第二凸起部3102在第二槽3112的B1-B2段(称作第二槽3112的第二弯曲部)中时,膝关节矫形器处于前面所述的第二状态;当第一凸起部3101在第一槽3111的A3-A4段(称作第一槽3111的第一弯曲部)中,第二凸起部3102在第二槽3112的B3-B4段(称作第二槽3112的第一弯曲部)中时,膝关节矫形器处于前面所述的第一状态;而当第一凸起部3101在第一槽3111的A2-A3段中,第二凸起部3102在第二槽3112的B2-B3段中时,膝关节矫形器处于前面所述的第二状态到第一状态之间的过渡状态。可以理解,这里第一槽3111的第一、二弯曲部和第二槽3112的第一、二弯曲部的划分是由膝关节矫形器的第一、二状态的划分确定的。如果采用不同的划分标准以区分膝关节矫形器的第一、二状态,第一槽3111的第一、二弯曲部和第二槽3112的第一、二弯曲部也将会发生变化。另外,由图11可见,第一槽3111在靠近A1处有一段上弯的部分,其在本实施例中对应第一槽3111的第二弯曲部,本实施例中将该上弯的部分设计为上弯的形状可以使槽盘的结构更紧凑,有利于减小调节机构的大小。第二槽3112在靠近B4处有一段下弯的部分,其被包括在本实施例中的第二槽3112的第一弯曲部中。该下弯的部分对应使用者的下肢处于完全伸直的状态,例如髋膝踝角小于4°-6°时,可起到自锁的作用。即使用者的下肢进入完全伸直的状态时,滑块310和第一槽盘311之间的移动被锁定,从而帮助使用者下肢保持完全伸直的状态,直到使用者弯曲下肢施加一定的作用力使滑块310的第二凸起部离开该下弯的部分。调节机构31的滑块310的第一、二凸起部3103、3104在第二槽盘312的第一、二槽内的位置变化与上述相同,在此不赘述。另外,调节机构32内的滑块发生相对于槽盘的移动情况与调节机构32相同,在此不赘述。
上述的本发明的膝关节矫形器的大腿骨架和小腿骨架之间发生的转动的转动轴可以由大腿夹板22、23通过调节机构31、32绕小腿夹板12、13的旋转中心确定,确切地为大腿夹板22通过调节机构31绕小腿夹板12的旋转中心和大腿夹板23通过调节机构32绕小腿夹板13的旋转中心的连线,由前述的调节机构31、32的滑块相对于槽盘的移动情况的描述可知,在大腿骨架和小腿骨架发生相互转动的过程中,该转动轴(称作大、小腿骨架间的转动轴)相对于小腿骨架(或大腿骨架)是变动的。对于佩戴了本发明的膝关节矫形器的使用者而言,大、小腿骨架间的转动轴与膝关节的第一转动轴平行,其中,膝关节的第一转动轴是指小腿绕膝关节发生前后向摆动时所绕的膝关节转动轴,前是指在人体处于站立正位时面部的朝向方向。
从上述过程分析可见,佩戴了本发明的膝关节矫形器的使用者在步行时,由于其下肢发生的正是上述的从屈曲状态到伸直状态继而从伸直状态到屈曲状态的过程,本发明的膝关节矫形器由该下肢驱动,相应地从第二状态到第一状态继而从第一状态到第二状态,这是一个和人体步行的步态配合的自动转换过程。并且,由于人体步行时,处于伸直状态的下肢需要承载体重负荷而处于屈曲状态的下肢不需要承载体重负荷。对于处于伸直状态的下肢,本发明的膝关节矫形器处于第一状态,其紧束缚下肢并使大腿的股骨和小腿的胫骨的骨头之间保有间隙,由此体重负荷从大腿骨架、调节机构传递到小腿骨架,有效地替代人体膝关节承载了负荷。对于处于屈曲状态的下肢,本发明的膝关节矫形器处于第二状态,其不承载负荷,同时松束缚下肢,由此不影响使用者的下肢的血脉运行。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解,本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思做出诸多修改和变化。因此,凡本技术领域的技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案,皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。

Claims (38)

  1. 一种膝关节矫形器,其特征在于,包括佩戴于大腿的大腿骨架和佩戴于小腿的小腿骨架;
    所述膝关节矫形器的工作状态包括第一状态;
    处于所述第一状态的所述膝关节矫形器的所述大腿骨架紧束缚所述大腿,所述小腿骨架紧束缚所述小腿,所述大腿骨架对所述大腿施加沿股骨机械轴且背离小腿的方向的力,所述小腿骨架对所述小腿施加沿胫骨机械轴且背离大腿的方向的力;所述大腿骨架与所述小腿骨架之间的间距为第一间距。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述膝关节矫形器的工作状态还包括第二状态;
    处于所述第二状态的所述膝关节矫形器的所述大腿骨架不对所述大腿施加沿股骨机械轴且背离小腿的方向的力,所述小腿骨架不对所述小腿施加沿胫骨机械轴且背离大腿的方向的力;所述大腿骨架与所述小腿骨架之间的间距为第二间距;
    所述第二间距小于所述第一间距。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的膝关节矫形器,其中处于所述第二状态的所述膝关节矫形器的所述大腿骨架松束缚所述大腿,所述小腿骨架松束缚所述小腿。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的膝关节矫形器,其中还包括调节机构,所述调节机构设置在所述大腿骨架和/或所述小腿骨架上,或者设置在所述大腿骨架和所述小腿骨架之间,其使所述膝关节矫形器处于所述第一状态或所述第二状态。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的膝关节矫形器,其中当髋膝踝角与站立正位髋膝踝角之差小于第一状态转换角度时,所述调节机构使所述膝关节矫形器处于所述第一状态;当所述髋膝踝角与所述站立正位髋膝踝角之差大于第二状态转换角度时,所述调节机构使所述膝关节矫形器处于所述第二状态;所述第二状态转换角度大于或等于所述第一状态转换角度。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述小腿骨架包括小腿托;处于所述第一状态的所述膝关节矫形器的所述小腿骨架的所述小腿托横向地在髌骨与胫骨粗隆之间的凹部处束缚所述小腿。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述调节机构设置在所述大腿骨架和所述小腿骨架之间,与所述大腿骨架和所述小腿骨架分别相连。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述大腿骨架能通过所述调节机构相对所述小腿骨架转动。
  9. 如权利要求6、7或8所述的膝关节矫形器,其中通过手动驱动所述调节机构,使所述膝关节矫形器从所述第一状态进入所述第二状态,以及使所述膝关节矫形器从所述第二状态进入所述第一状态。
  10. 如权利要求6、7或8所述的膝关节矫形器,其中通过电力驱动所述调节机构,使所述膝关节矫形器从所述第一状态进入所述第二状态,以及使所述膝关节矫形器从所述第二状态进入所述第一状态。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述膝关节矫形器还包括电源、传感器、马达和控制单元。
  12. 如权利要求8所述的膝关节矫形器,其中通过下肢驱动所述调节机构,使所述膝关节矫形器从所述第一状态进入所述第二状态,以及使所述膝关节矫形器从所述第二状态进入所述第一状态。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的膝关节矫形器,其中包括两个调节机构,其分布在所述下肢的膝关节的两侧。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述转动的转动轴与所述膝关节的第一转动轴平行。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述小腿骨架还包括两个小腿夹板和小腿绑带;
    所述两个小腿夹板分别贴合在所述小腿的两侧,所述两个小腿夹板的第一端分别连接到所述两个调节机构;
    所述小腿绑带横向地贴合在所述小腿的背面的中上部,其两端分别连接在所述两个小腿夹板上;
    所述小腿托为条状结构,其具有可贴合所述凹部的内表面,所述小腿托的两端分别固定连接到所述两个小腿夹板;
    在所述小腿夹板上,所述小腿托与所述小腿夹板间的连接位置比所述小腿绑带与所述小腿夹板间的连接位置更接近所述小腿夹板的所述第一端。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述大腿骨架包括大腿托、两个大腿夹板和大腿绑带;
    所述两个大腿夹板分别分布在大腿两侧,所述两个大腿夹板的第二端分别连接到所述两个调节机构;
    所述大腿托为条状结构,其具有可横向地贴合所述大腿的正面的内表面,所述大腿托的两端分别连接到所述两个大腿夹板;
    所述大腿绑带可横向地贴合在所述大腿的背面,其两端分别连接在所述两个大腿夹板上;
    在所述大腿夹板上,所述大腿托与所述大腿夹板间的连接位置比所述大腿绑带与所述大腿夹板间的连接位置更接近所述大腿夹板的所述第一端。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述大腿托能绕其与所述大腿夹板的连接点转动。
  18. 如权利要求16或17所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述调节机构包括之间可相互转动及平动的槽盘和滑块,所述槽盘上具有弯曲的槽,所述滑块上具有凸起部,所述凸起部可在所述槽中滑动;
    所述槽盘与所述小腿夹板的所述第一端相连,所述滑块与所述大腿夹板的所述第二端相连;或者,所述槽盘与所述大腿夹板的所述第二端相连,所述滑块与所述小腿夹板的所述第一端相连。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述滑块在所述滑块的边缘处与所述大腿夹板的所述第二端相连。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述滑块通过铰链连接所述大腿夹板的所述第二端,所述滑块与所述铰链的连接位置在所述滑块的边缘处。
  21. 如权利要求19所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述滑块与所述大腿夹板一体成型。
  22. 如权利要求20或21所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述槽盘在所述槽盘的边缘处与所述小腿夹板的所述第一端相连。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述槽盘铆接在所述小腿夹板的所述第一端。
  24. 如权利要求22所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述槽盘与所述小腿夹板一体成型。
  25. 如权利要求23或24所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述槽具有第一弯曲部和第二弯曲部;
    在所述下肢的所述步态驱动下,当所述凸起部从所述第一弯曲部进入所述第二弯曲部时,所述膝关节矫形器从所述第一状态进入第二状态;当所述凸起部从所述第二弯曲部进入所述第一弯曲部时,所述膝关节矫形器从所述第二状态进入第一状态。
  26. 如权利要求19所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述槽包括第一槽和第二槽,所述凸起部包括第一凸起部和第二凸起部,所述第一凸起部可在所述第一槽内滑动,所述第二凸起部可在所述第二槽内滑动;
    在所述下肢的所述步态驱动下,当所述第一凸起部从所述第一槽的所述第一弯曲部进入所述第一槽的所述第二弯曲部且所述第二凸起部从所述第二槽的所述第一弯曲部进入所述第二槽的所述第二弯曲部时,所述膝关节矫形器从所述第一状态进入第二状态;当所述第一凸起部从所述第一槽的所述第二弯曲部进入所述第一槽的所述第一弯曲部且所述第二凸起部从所述第二槽的所述第二弯曲部进入所述第二槽的所述第一弯曲部时,所述膝关节矫形器从所述第二状态进入第一状态。
  27. 如权利要求19或20所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述槽盘包括相互固定的第一槽盘和第二槽盘,所述滑块夹在所述第一槽盘和所述第二槽盘之间;所述滑块在面对所述第一槽盘的面上具有可在所述第一槽盘的所述槽中滑动的所述凸起部,所述滑块在面对所述第二槽盘的面上具有可在所述第二槽盘的所述槽中滑动的所述凸起部;所述第二槽盘比所述第一槽盘更接近所述膝关节,所述第二槽盘与所述小腿夹板的所述第一端相连。
  28. 如权利要求19或20所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述滑块包括相互固定的第一滑块和第二滑块,所述槽盘夹在所述第一滑块和所述第二滑块之间;所述槽盘在面对所述第一滑块的面上具有可容纳所述第一滑块的所述凸起部在其中滑动的所述槽;所述槽盘在面对所述第二滑块的面上具有可容纳所述第二滑块的所述凸起部在其中滑动的所述槽;所述第二滑块比所述第一滑块更接近所述膝关节,所述第二滑块与所述大腿夹板的所述第二端相连。
  29. 如权利要求27或28所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述小腿骨架还包括小腿夹板稳定结构,所述小腿夹板稳定结构为条状,其横向地贴合在所述小腿的正面且其两端分别连接到所述两个小腿夹板的第二端。
  30. 如权利要求29所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述小腿夹板稳定结构为第二小腿绑带,所述第二小腿绑带横向地贴合在所述小腿的正面,其两端分别连接到所述两个小腿夹板的第二端。
  31. 如权利要求30所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述大腿骨架还包括第二大腿绑带,所述第二大腿绑带横向地贴合在所述大腿的背面,其两端分别连接到所述两个大腿夹板,所述第二大腿绑带与所述大腿夹板间的连接位置在所述大腿托与所述大腿夹板间的连接位置和所述大腿绑带与所述大腿夹板间的连接位置之间。
  32. 如权利要求16所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述大腿绑带和/或小腿绑带还包括弹性带与非弹性带,所述弹性带的两端分别连接到所述非弹性带的两端,所述非弹性带上设有长度调节装置以调节所述非弹性带两端间的距离。
  33. 如权利要求31所述的膝关节矫形器,其中所述大腿绑带和/或小腿绑带还包括弹性带与非弹性带,所述弹性带的两端分别连接到所述非弹性带的两端,所述非弹性带上设有长度调节装置以调节所述非弹性带两端间的距离。
  34. 如权利要32或33所述的绑带,其特征在于,所述长度调节装置处于第一状态,所述绑带的长度能够拉伸,所述长度调节装置处于第二状态,所述绑带的长度不能够拉伸。
  35. 如权利要求34所述的绑带,其特征在于,所述长度调节装置为搭扣,所述搭扣包括搭扣上扣与搭扣下扣,所述搭扣上扣与所述搭扣下扣通过铰链连接,能够绕旋转轴转动,所述搭扣上扣与所述搭扣下扣不重合,所述搭扣处于所述第一状态;所述搭扣上扣与所述搭扣下扣重合并固定,所述搭扣处于所述第二状态。
  36. 如权利要求35所述的绑带,其特征在于,所述搭扣通过魔术粘扣固定。
  37. 如权利要求35所述的绑带,其特征在于,所述搭扣上扣朝向所述搭扣下扣设置卡扣凸起,所述搭扣下扣设置相应的卡孔,所述搭扣通过所述卡扣凸起与所述卡孔固定。
  38. 如权利要求35所述的绑带,其特征在于,从所述旋转轴沿所述搭扣下扣相反的方向延伸出弹性薄片,使得所述旋转轴处产生对被固定的人体肢体的压力通过所述弹性薄片进行均布。
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CN104799990A (zh) * 2015-03-25 2015-07-29 金华市德仁假肢矫形康复器材有限公司 一种可调节护膝关节支具
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US10806619B1 (en) 2016-05-03 2020-10-20 Icarus Medical, LLC Unloading knee brace apparatus
CN106019604A (zh) * 2016-08-03 2016-10-12 深圳酷酷科技有限公司 佩戴头带模组及头戴式显示设备
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