WO2015016431A1 - Procédé de défibrage de nœuds dérivés de pâte à papier, nœuds défibrés et produits de papeterie utilisant ces nœuds défibrés - Google Patents

Procédé de défibrage de nœuds dérivés de pâte à papier, nœuds défibrés et produits de papeterie utilisant ces nœuds défibrés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015016431A1
WO2015016431A1 PCT/KR2013/010862 KR2013010862W WO2015016431A1 WO 2015016431 A1 WO2015016431 A1 WO 2015016431A1 KR 2013010862 W KR2013010862 W KR 2013010862W WO 2015016431 A1 WO2015016431 A1 WO 2015016431A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
note
cleaner
notebook
screen
knots
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2013/010862
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
박시한
이종훈
박현민
Original Assignee
무림피앤피 주식회사
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from KR1020130103671A external-priority patent/KR101517426B1/ko
Application filed by 무림피앤피 주식회사 filed Critical 무림피앤피 주식회사
Publication of WO2015016431A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015016431A1/fr

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
    • D21H11/14—Secondary fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
    • D21C9/001—Modification of pulp properties
    • D21C9/007—Modification of pulp properties by mechanical or physical means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fiberization method of knots recovered as a by-product during the pulp papermaking process, through which fiberized knots, and paper products using the fiberized knots.
  • Chemical pulp is generally produced through the process of cooking and bleaching wood chips.
  • cooking, separating and filtering without fibrosis is called knots.
  • Dictionary means knots in wood knots or plurals, but knots in pulp paper are bundles of unsealed chips, wood knots, undissociated fibers that are not pulped after the pulp cooking process. It is common to name in-shive and other impurities rejected in the pulp cooking process.
  • knots are not collected but not disposed of, the knots are classified as wastes, resulting in processing costs. Therefore, knots were not discarded, but were inevitably recovered in the cooking process and reused in the pulp production process.
  • the present invention has been made to solve such a conventional problem, a method of fiberizing knots derived from pulp to reuse knots that have not been kneaded in the pulp cooking process outside the pulp production process, and fiberized using the same.
  • the purpose is to provide knots, and fiberized knots as raw materials for paper products.
  • the fiberization method of knots comprises a collection step of collecting undigested notes in the process of cooking wood chips to produce pulp; A grinding step of crushing the collected notes; A primary cleaner step of removing impurities of the ground notebook; And it is characterized in that it comprises a concentration step in which the notebook is subjected to the cleaner step is concentrated and the waste liquid is separated.
  • the collecting step may include a first collecting step in which a non-digested and separated note is collected on a screen in a process of cooking wood chips; And a second collecting step in which the collected notes are dehydrated to remove the black liquor.
  • the collected notebook may be dehydrated to have a water content of 1 to 50 parts by weight.
  • the grinding step may include a first grinding step in which the notebook, which has undergone the collection step, is pulverized by passing through a screen having a diameter of 11 to 17 mm installed in the grinder.
  • the screen of the first grinding step may be a screen having a diameter of 12 to 15mm.
  • the pulverizing step may further include a second pulverizing step in which the pulverized note is pulverized through a screen having a diameter of 8 to 11 mm installed in a pulverizer.
  • the screen of the second milling step may be a screen having a diameter of 9 to 10.5mm.
  • the primary cleaner step may include a first cleaner step in which the crushed notebook is diluted; And a second cleaner step in which impurities contained in the diluted notebook are removed.
  • the note may be diluted to a concentration of 3 to 6 parts by weight.
  • impurities included in the notebook may be removed by centrifugation.
  • the notebook may be concentrated to a concentration of 25 to 35 parts by weight.
  • the fiberization method of the note may further include a pulper treatment step of dividing the note pulverized in the crushing step is separated into fibrous between the grinding step and the primary cleaner step.
  • the pulper treatment step may include a first pulper treatment step in which the ground notebook is diluted to a concentration of 4.5 to 6.5 parts by weight; And a second pulper treatment step in which the diluted notebook is separated into fibers by pulper.
  • the diluted notes are 1 Pulper treatment for from 30 minutes.
  • the fiberizing method of the note may further include a deflake processing step of dispersing the bound fiber material by mixing and stirring the cleaner treated note using a deflake between the cleaner step and the concentration step.
  • the deflake processing step may use a bar type deflake having a bar spacing of 2 to 4 mm.
  • the fiberization method of the note may further include a secondary cleaner step of removing the foreign matter by diluting the deflake treated note, between the deflake processing step and the concentration step.
  • the deflaked notebook may be diluted to a concentration of 0.5 to 2 parts by weight.
  • the fiberization method of the note further includes a pressure screening step between the first cleaner step and the concentration step, the foreign matter of the note that passed through the second cleaner step is further removed through the screen to improve the quality of the final fiber product. can do.
  • the diameter of the screen in the pressure screening step may be 0.2 to 0.4mm.
  • the fiberizing method of the notes according to the present invention is a collection step of collecting unexplained notes in the process of cooking wood chips to produce pulp; A grinding step of crushing the collected notes; A pulper treatment step of dividing the notes pulverized in the crushing step into fibrous phases; A primary cleaner step of removing impurities of the ground notebook; A deflake processing step of dispersing the bound fiber material by mixing and stirring the cleaner-treated note using a deflake; A secondary cleaner step of diluting the deflaked notebook to remove foreign substances; A pressure screening step in which foreign substances of the notebook which have undergone the cleaner step are further removed through the screen to improve the quality of the final fiber product; And it is characterized in that it comprises a concentration step in which the notebook is subjected to the cleaner step is concentrated and the waste liquid is separated.
  • the fiberized notebook according to the present invention is characterized in that the fiberized by the fiberizing method according to the present invention described above.
  • the paper product according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a fiberized notebook according to the present invention described above.
  • the paper products may include industrial wipers, hand towels, napkins, tissues, industrial packaging paper, paper boards, commercial paper, and AFH products.
  • knots according to the present invention by treating the knots that are classified as conventional wastes and excessively consumed in processing, the knots can be utilized for a novel use as a raw material of paper products. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the disposal cost of the note in the pulp process, and lower the risk of lowering the final quality of the conventional pulp.
  • the 'pulp manufacturing process' refers to the process of manufacturing wood chips from wood, cooking, washing, first screening, bleaching, and second screening ( It is a process including screening), drying process and finishing process, and refers to a process for producing pulp, which is a raw material such as fiber or paper.
  • 'Steaming' is a process that treats wood chips with chemicals and then boils them at high temperatures and / or high pressures to weaken lignin, which binds fibers to fibers. In the process of boiling, non-fibrous substances in plant raw materials are melted, and the fibers are separated in a relatively pure state.
  • Knots are unpulled pulped at the end of the cooking process during the pulp manufacturing process, unfiltered chips screened, wood knots, shived bundles of undissociated fibers, and rejected in the pulp cooking process. It means other impurities.
  • Pulper means a device for dissolving dry pulp, old paper, damaged paper, and the like into the pulp dispersion.
  • Dissociation is an essential step in the pulp manufacturing process, and means to separate the pulp material into fibrous form.
  • 'Bonding fiber' refers to a bundle of yet less loose fibers in the pulp fibers that are the paper stock.
  • 'Impurities' or 'foreign materials' refers to materials other than fibres in knots, and refers to black liquor, waste liquid, undissociated materials, stone powder, rubber, and other chemical components.
  • 'Paper' means a small piece of paper.
  • Black liquor' refers to blackish brown waste which is produced when cooking wood is pulp.
  • a “deflake” is a device that dissolves and dissociates raw fibers by mixing the raw fibers at high speed and stirring them.
  • 'Paper products' include industrial wipers, hand towels, napkins, tissues, industrial packaging, paper boards, and AFH (Away From Home) products used in industrial or non-home use or in spaces used by many people.
  • AFH Away From Home
  • the fiberizing method of knots according to the present invention includes a collection step of collecting unexplained notes in the process of cooking wood chips to produce pulp; A grinding step of crushing the collected notes; A primary cleaner step of removing impurities of the ground notebook; And it is characterized in that it comprises a concentration step in which the notebook is subjected to the cleaner step is concentrated and the waste liquid is separated.
  • the fiberization method of the knot according to the present invention may further include a pulper treatment step in which the knots pulverized in the crushing step are separated into fibrous phases between the crushing step and the first cleaner step.
  • the fiberizing method of the notebook according to the present invention is a mixture between the primary cleaner step and the concentration step, the primary cleaner-treated knot is mixed and stirred using a de-flake to disperse the bound fiber material
  • the deflake processing step may be further included.
  • the fiberizing method of the notebook according to the present invention may further include a secondary cleaner step of removing the foreign matter by diluting the deflaked notebook between the deflake processing step and the concentration step. have.
  • the fiberizing method of the notebook according to the present invention between the first cleaner step and the concentration step, to remove the foreign matter of the note that passed through the cleaner step through the screen to increase the quality of the final fiber product.
  • the pressure screening step may be further included.
  • the fiberizing method of the notes according to the present invention is a collection step of collecting unexplained notes in the process of cooking wood chips to produce pulp; A grinding step of crushing the collected notes; A pulper treatment step of dividing the notes pulverized in the crushing step into fibrous phases; A primary cleaner step of removing impurities of the ground notebook; A deflake processing step of dispersing the bound fiber material by mixing and stirring the cleaner-treated note using a deflake; A secondary cleaner step of diluting the deflaked notebook to remove foreign substances; A pressure screening step in which foreign substances of the notebook which have undergone the cleaner step are further removed through the screen to improve the quality of the final fiber product; And it is characterized in that it comprises a concentration step in which the notebook is subjected to the cleaner step is concentrated and the waste liquid is separated.
  • the collecting step includes a first collecting step of separating and collecting knots that have been filtered out on the screen by cooking the wood chips; And a second collecting step in which the collected notes are dehydrated to remove the black liquor.
  • the knots collected in the first collection step are collected together with the waste liquid of the chemical used in the pulp cooking process, so that the moisture content is high, but the knots having a moisture content of 70 parts by weight or more are inferior in mechanical treatment efficiency. . Therefore, dehydration work to separate the waste fluid from knots while lowering the water content to lower the water content to 50 parts by weight or less. It is preferable that moisture content is 1-50 weight part. Centrifugal dehydrator, screen, etc. may be used in the dehydration operation, but is not limited thereto. Dewatering wastewater is sent to a water treatment plant.
  • the notes processed in the collecting step are pulverized through a pulverizer, and the moisture of knots is dried to 30 to 40 parts by weight through the pulverizing step.
  • the pulverizer may be used without limitation, such as wood chip grinding (grinding) machine, a machine for crushing plastic, a machine for producing sawdust, a mixer-type machine, etc. used in the conventional pulp manufacturing process.
  • grinding grinding
  • a machine for crushing plastic a machine for producing sawdust
  • mixer-type machine etc.
  • power consumption of 1000 kW or more is low and economic efficiency is low.
  • the grinding step may be divided into two steps, the first grinding step and the second grinding step, depending on the size of the screen installed in the grinder to prevent carbonization of the note.
  • the screen may be installed at the bottom of the mill, and is a device for filtering knots that have been milled.
  • the diameter of the screen used in the first grinding step may be 11 to 17mm, preferably 12 to 15mm ( ⁇ , pie), more preferably 12mm in diameter can be used. If the diameter is smaller than 12mm, clogging occurs because the note containing water cannot pass. If the diameter is over 12mm, it passes smoothly. However, since most of the notebooks pass through without grinding when the diameter of the screen is 15 mm or more, it is preferable to use the diameter of the screen of 12 to 15 mm.
  • the diameter of the screen is smaller than that of the first grinding step so as to be 8 to 11 mm, preferably 9 to 10.5 mm, more preferably 10 mm in diameter. If the diameter is smaller than 9mm, the notebook cannot pass through and blockage occurs. If the diameter is 10.5mm or more, it passes without the second grinding step. Therefore, the diameter of the screen is 9 to 10.5mm, more preferably, 10mm in diameter. desirable.
  • the dehydrated notebook may be crushed by a mixer-type device.
  • the grinding step may be composed of one step of grinding the note with a mixer without passing through the screen.
  • a mixer a super mixer which is a mixer type device can be used.
  • the pulverized note is diluted with a pulper to dissociate.
  • Dissociation is an essential step in the pulp manufacturing process, and means to separate the pulp material into fibrous form.
  • Pulper refers to an apparatus for dissolving dry pulp, old paper, damaged paper, and the like into a pulp dispersion. Pulper may use Intensa Pulper, which is commercially available from general paper companies.
  • the pulper treatment step may include a first pulper treatment step in which the ground notebook is diluted to a concentration of 4.5 to 6.5 parts by weight; And a second pulper treatment step in which the diluted notebook is separated into fibers by pulper.
  • the intensa pulper may be dissociated smaller than the size of the screen while crushing knots with a rotating screen and a circular screen facility of 3 to 6.5 pies.
  • the note is diluted to a concentration of 4.5 to 6.5 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 6 parts by weight, in an intensa pulper, with a concentration of 5 to 6 parts by weight being the most effective. It is preferable that the notes are processed for 1 to 30 minutes in the intensa pulper, and there is no significant difference in the processing efficiency of the notes according to the processing time at 30 minutes or more.
  • the primary cleaner step is a pulper treatment This process removes undissociated substances from the note or other impurities that may damage the equipment when entering the product manufacturing process, such as stone powder and rubber, by centrifugation in a high concentration cleaner.
  • the primary cleaner step may include a first cleaner step in which the crushed notebook is diluted; And a second cleaner step in which impurities contained in the diluted notebook are removed.
  • the first cleaner step may dilute the notebook to a concentration of 3 to 6 parts by weight.
  • a high concentration cleaner may be used, and the high concentration cleaner may use, for example, an apparatus generally used in the paper industry as a high concentration cleaner.
  • impurities included in the notebook may be removed by centrifugation.
  • the undissociated knots in the impurities may be recovered and then transferred to the intensa pulper to be pulped again.
  • the deflake processing step is a step of adding the primary cleaner-treated notes to a deflaker, mixing and stirring at high speed, dispersing fiber material and dissociating undissolved paper chips.
  • the deflaker has a blade-shaped rotating body therein and separates and dissociates the fiber material passing through the rotating body at high speed.
  • the dissociation effect is excellent when the bar spacing is 2 to 4 mm, and is most preferable at 3.0 mm.
  • the secondary cleaner step may dilute the notes and remove the foreign matter by centrifugation in order to remove the binding fibers remaining after the deflake processing. Lower the concentration compared to the primary cleaner stage. This is because large foreign substances have already been removed in the first cleaner stage. Binding fibers must be removed because they can degrade product quality or cause paper jams in paper manufacturing.
  • the cleaner may use a low concentration cleaner commonly used in the paper industry.
  • the note may be diluted to a concentration of 0.5 to 2 parts by weight in a low concentration cleaner, preferably to a concentration of 0.5 to 1 parts by weight.
  • the pressure screen may use a pressure screen generally used in the paper industry.
  • the diameter of the screen is preferably 0.2 to 0.4mm, more preferably a screen of 0.3mm can be used.
  • Foreign materials may pass through the screen in the screen of 0.4 mm or more, and when the screen of less than 0.2 mm is used, the yield may be significantly reduced to less than 85% compared to the product quality improvement effect.
  • the fiberized notes can be concentrated while undergoing a cleaner step or a pressure screening step. At the same time, the waste liquid contained in the notebook can be separated.
  • the thickener used in the thickening step may be a screw type thickener commonly used in the paper industry, for example, a screw press from Voith.
  • the notebook may be concentrated to a concentration of 25 to 35 parts by weight, preferably 30 parts by weight. Through the concentration step, finally fibrized knots can be obtained.
  • Knots fiberized by the fiberization method comprising the above steps can be used for the manufacture of paper products.
  • the paper products may include industrial wipers, hand towels, napkins, tissues, industrial packaging paper, paper boards, commercial paper, and AFH products.
  • AFH products are products excluding home use, and are products such as toilet paper, wipers, napkins, hand towels, etc., which are provided in public places, and include wipers used as a means for wiping machines or machine parts for industrial purposes.
  • knots separated on the screen are separated and the water content is reduced to 50 parts by weight using a centrifugal dehydrator.
  • the dehydrated notebook is crushed using a sawdust maker and passed through a 12 mm diameter screen.
  • the notebook is placed in a high-density cleaner (Voith), diluted to 4.5 parts by weight, and stone dust, rubber and binding fibers are removed.
  • the note is concentrated to a concentration of 30 parts by weight using a screw press (Voith).
  • the waste liquor is separated through the screen of the concentrator to obtain fibrosis notes.
  • knots separated on the screen are separated and the water content is reduced to 50 parts by weight using a centrifugal dehydrator.
  • the dehydrated notebook is crushed using a sawdust maker and passed through a 12 mm diameter screen. It is then crushed again and passed through a 10 mm diameter screen.
  • Purified water was added to the pulverized notebook, diluted to 5.5 parts by weight, and placed in an Intensa pulper having a circular screen having a diameter of 5 mm, followed by dissociation for 20 minutes.
  • the dissociated notes are added to a high concentration cleaner (Voith), diluted to 4.5 parts by weight, and stone powder, rubber and binding fibers are removed.
  • the notebook is placed in a deflaker with a bar spacing of 3 mm to disperse the binding fibers and dissociate the undissolved pieces (small pieces of paper).
  • the notebook dispersed in a deflake is added to a low concentration cleaner (Voith), diluted to 1.2 parts by weight, and the remaining binding fibers are removed.
  • a low concentration cleaner Voith
  • the notes processed in the pressure screen instrument are concentrated to a concentration of 304 parts by means of a screw press (Voith).
  • the waste liquor is separated through the screen of the concentrator to obtain fibrosis notes.
  • the mixed natural pulp and fiberized note mixture was added to a low concentration cleaner (Voith, Inc.), diluted to 1.2 parts by weight, and foreign substances were removed.
  • a low concentration cleaner Vinyl, Inc.
  • the mixture passed through the low concentration cleaner was put in a pressure screen (Voith, Inc.) to remove foreign matter once more using pressure.
  • the mixture is introduced into a commercial papermaking machine and 0.9 parts by weight of fibers are injected through a head box of the machine.
  • the injected fiber forms a paper-based sheet on the wire (forming step).
  • the paper-based paper formed on the wire has a water content of 40 parts by weight during the pressing step.
  • the mixed natural pulp and fiberized note mixture was added to a low concentration cleaner (Voith, Inc.), diluted to 1.2 parts by weight, and foreign substances were removed.
  • a low concentration cleaner Vinyl, Inc.
  • the mixture passed through the low concentration cleaner was put in a pressure screen (Voith, Inc.) to remove foreign matter once more using pressure.
  • the mixture is introduced into a commercial papermaking machine and 0.9 parts by weight of fibers are injected through a head box of the machine.
  • the injected fiber forms a paper-based sheet on the wire (forming step).
  • the paper-based paper formed on the wire has a water content of 40 parts by weight during the pressing step.
  • Example 5 A manufacturing method of an industrial wiper including a fiberized notebook
  • the fiberized notebook according to Example 2 was diluted to 4 parts by weight, and then subjected to beating treatment by adding to a Double Disk Refiner (DDR).
  • DDR Double Disk Refiner
  • the mixed natural pulp and fiberized note mixture was added to a low concentration cleaner (Voith, Inc.), diluted to 1.2 parts by weight, and foreign substances were removed.
  • a low concentration cleaner Vinyl, Inc.
  • the mixture passed through the low concentration cleaner was put in a pressure screen (Voith, Inc.) to remove foreign matter once more using pressure.
  • the mixture is introduced into a tissue machine and a 0.9 weight part fiber is injected through a head box of the machine.
  • the injected fiber forms a paper-based sheet on the wire (forming step).
  • the paper-based paper formed on the wire has a water content of 40 parts by weight during the pressing step.
  • the knots are fiberized through the manufacturing method of the fiberized notes according to the present invention, and paper products are manufactured using the fiberized notes, thereby reducing the disposal cost of the notes in the pulp process and recycling them with conventional pulp. This can reduce the risk of degrading the final quality of the pulp.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de défibrage de nœuds pour la réutilisation de nœuds non digérés au cours de la digestion de copeaux de bois pour la fabrication de pâte à papier à l'extérieur d'un processus de production de pâte à papier, des nœuds défibrés et utilisant ce procédé et des produits de papeterie utilisant les nœuds défibrés. En défibrant et en utilisant les nœuds qui sont généralement considérés comme des déchets et dont la mise au rebut est excessivement coûteuse, dans le cadre de la production de produits de papeterie, le coût de la mise au rebut des nœuds dans un processus de fabrication de pâte à papier peut être réduit, et le risque de dégradation de la qualité finale de la pâte à papier (lorsque les nœuds sont recyclés en pâte à papier en utilisant un procédé selon l'état de la technique) peuvent être réduits.
PCT/KR2013/010862 2013-07-31 2013-11-27 Procédé de défibrage de nœuds dérivés de pâte à papier, nœuds défibrés et produits de papeterie utilisant ces nœuds défibrés WO2015016431A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR20130090881 2013-07-31
KR10-2013-0090881 2013-07-31
KR10-2013-0103671 2013-08-30
KR1020130103671A KR101517426B1 (ko) 2013-07-31 2013-08-30 펄프에서 유래한 노트의 섬유화방법, 섬유화된 노트 및 이를 이용한 종이 제품

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015016431A1 true WO2015016431A1 (fr) 2015-02-05

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10108709A (ja) * 1996-02-27 1998-04-28 Oji Paper Co Ltd 靴用芯材
US20040256065A1 (en) * 2003-06-18 2004-12-23 Aziz Ahmed Method for producing corn stalk pulp and paper products from corn stalk pulp
US20080124414A1 (en) * 2003-11-12 2008-05-29 Willfoer Stefan Use Of Knotwood Extracts
US20100240104A1 (en) * 2007-12-19 2010-09-23 Xiao Zhang Conversion of knot rejects from chemical pulping
JP4719633B2 (ja) * 2006-06-26 2011-07-06 株式会社竹中工務店 木質繊維束の製造方法及びそれにより得られた木質繊維束

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10108709A (ja) * 1996-02-27 1998-04-28 Oji Paper Co Ltd 靴用芯材
US20040256065A1 (en) * 2003-06-18 2004-12-23 Aziz Ahmed Method for producing corn stalk pulp and paper products from corn stalk pulp
US20080124414A1 (en) * 2003-11-12 2008-05-29 Willfoer Stefan Use Of Knotwood Extracts
JP4719633B2 (ja) * 2006-06-26 2011-07-06 株式会社竹中工務店 木質繊維束の製造方法及びそれにより得られた木質繊維束
US20100240104A1 (en) * 2007-12-19 2010-09-23 Xiao Zhang Conversion of knot rejects from chemical pulping

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