WO2015010375A1 - 一种管状光伏发电组件应用方法 - Google Patents

一种管状光伏发电组件应用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015010375A1
WO2015010375A1 PCT/CN2013/085669 CN2013085669W WO2015010375A1 WO 2015010375 A1 WO2015010375 A1 WO 2015010375A1 CN 2013085669 W CN2013085669 W CN 2013085669W WO 2015010375 A1 WO2015010375 A1 WO 2015010375A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power generation
photovoltaic power
tubular photovoltaic
generation assembly
tubular
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PCT/CN2013/085669
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘庆云
Original Assignee
Liu Qingyun
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Publication of WO2015010375A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015010375A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
    • H01L31/0352—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions
    • H01L31/035272—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/035281—Shape of the body
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of applying a tubular photovoltaic power generation assembly, and more particularly to a distributed application of a tubular photovoltaic power generation assembly. Background technique
  • the tubular structure of the photovoltaic module has good mechanical strength, especially the transparent glass tube has the advantages of light weight, low cost, excellent sealing performance, good weather resistance, high mechanical strength, strong self-supporting force and long service life.
  • Packaging of photovoltaic devices or photovoltaic devices and self-supporting structural materials can significantly reduce costs and extend service life.
  • the sun's light has a great impact on the ecological environment.
  • China has a large area of natural lakes and artificial lakes.
  • the former forms a natural water landscape and improves people's living environment.
  • the latter is a water area artificially excavated by the terrain.
  • Scenery with a certain depth of water to facilitate aquatic products.
  • the sun exposure causes the water surface temperature to rise, which leads to an increase in the evaporation of the lake water, the lake surface gradually shrinks, and the larger the lake surface, the greater the evaporation of the lake surface, which breaks the ecological environment.
  • the formation of many deserts is also related to excessive light, causing annual precipitation per unit area to be less than annual evaporation.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a tubular photovoltaic power generation component application method for solving the above problems.
  • a tubular photovoltaic power generation assembly application method is characterized in that the application method utilizes at least one tubular photovoltaic unit array arranged on a water surface to form a tubular photovoltaic power generation component for photovoltaic power generation, and reduces the water surface. Light and wind speed, reducing evaporation.
  • the water surface is a surface of rivers, rivers, natural lakes, artificial lakes, pools, artificial pools in desert and arid regions.
  • the outer casing of the tubular photovoltaic unit is a glass tube.
  • a single crystal silicon cell, a polycrystalline silicon cell or various thin film photovoltaic cells are disposed in the glass tube of the tubular photovoltaic unit.
  • an optical device is disposed in the glass tube of the tubular photovoltaic unit, which can realize a certain concentrating function, thereby reducing the amount of the battery, reducing the cost, and increasing the amount of power generation.
  • the length of the tubular photovoltaic unit exceeds 2.5 meters; preferably, the length of the tubular photovoltaic unit exceeds 5 meters, which can fully utilize the strength and self-supporting ability of the glass tube, simplify the installation process, and save material and labor costs.
  • the glass tube is a sealed design; water and gas can be well insulated inside and outside the glass tube.
  • at least one of the tubular photovoltaic units is arranged in the same plane to form a tubular photovoltaic power generation assembly, and the tubular photovoltaic power generation assembly floats on the water surface so that the array plane is substantially a horizontal plane; The amount of foundation construction for component installation reduces costs.
  • tubular photovoltaic unit in the tubular photovoltaic power generation assembly is relatively stationary, and the effective light receiving surface is disposed at an oblique angle to the horizontal plane.
  • tubular photovoltaic unit is rotatable about an axis parallel to the axis of the respective glass tube axis to track the light for greater power generation.
  • tubular photovoltaic power generation assembly is rotatable about an axis perpendicular to its plane to track light for greater power generation.
  • gaps are left between the glass tubes of the tubular photovoltaic units constituting the tubular photovoltaic power generation assembly to reduce the influence of light shielding and increase the power generation amount of the tubular photovoltaic unit.
  • tubular photovoltaic unit and the tubular photovoltaic power generation component thereof are light in weight, so that the draft of the floating photovoltaic surface is shallow, and the drainage volume of the tubular photovoltaic power generation component is less than half of the total volume of the glass tube, and the water surface is not The horizontal diameter line of the glass tube is reached to achieve the purpose of resisting freezing damage and provide greater additional buoyancy.
  • the tubular photovoltaic power generation component has a drainage volume smaller than one third of the total volume of the glass tube, further enhancing the frost resistance and increasing the buoyancy.
  • the additional buoyancy provided by the tubular photovoltaic unit or tubular photovoltaic power generation component can be used by the support personnel or the device to perform maintenance work.
  • tubular photovoltaic unit or the tubular photovoltaic power generation component is arranged in a depression or a pool in a desert arid area, and the annual evaporation of the partial area is less than that by reducing the amount of water evaporation caused by solar radiation and wind power while generating electricity.
  • the annual precipitation can collect and preserve natural precipitation to improve the environment or support the development of the aquaculture industry.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a front view of a tubular photovoltaic unit structure of a tubular photovoltaic power generation assembly
  • FIG. 2 is another embodiment of a tubular photovoltaic unit of a tubular photovoltaic power generation assembly
  • Figure 3 is a schematic side view of the tubular photovoltaic unit structure of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an application method of a tubular photovoltaic power generation component disposed on a water surface. detailed description
  • China's Qinghai Lake, Poyang Lake, Taihu Lake and Hongze Lake have an area of more than 4,000 square kilometers.
  • China's Dali has excellent solar energy leakage, and is located in the Bohai Sea in Dali, Yunnan, with a water surface of about 250 square kilometers.
  • China has 80,000 square kilometers of lakes.
  • China's Bohai Bay is actually China's inner sea, with a surface of more than 20,000 square kilometers. According to the 500 MW photovoltaic power generation unit per square kilometer, the annual power generation capacity is 100 million kWh. Only the Bohai Bay can place 10 kW of solar tubular photovoltaic power generation components.
  • the present invention proposes a method for applying a tubular photovoltaic power generation assembly. By vertically connecting a plurality of tubular photovoltaic power generation components in parallel and floating on the water surface, the photovoltaic power generation can be realized while reducing the water surface area and reducing the water surface illumination. And wind speed, reducing evaporation.
  • the photovoltaic unit 110 includes a glass tube 113 and a photovoltaic cell 111 disposed within the glass tube 113.
  • the photovoltaic cell 111 is disposed at the inner bottom of the glass tube 113, and heat generated by the photovoltaic cell 111 is conducted to the outside of the glass tube 113 through the glass tube 113.
  • the photovoltaic cell 111 can be a single crystal silicon cell, a polycrystalline silicon cell, or various thin film photovoltaic cells.
  • the tubular photovoltaic unit 220 includes a glass tube 213 and a photovoltaic cell 211 disposed at an intermediate position within the glass tube 213.
  • the photovoltaic cell 211 battery may be a single crystal silicon battery, a polycrystalline silicon battery, or various thin film photovoltaic cells.
  • the tubular photovoltaic unit 320 includes a glass tube 313, a sealing joint 314 disposed at both ends of the glass tube 313, and a photovoltaic cell 311 disposed at an intermediate position. Further, the glass tube is a sealed design; the glass tube can be well Water and gas isolation are performed inside and outside; further, the tubular photovoltaic power generation assembly is rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the array to track the light to obtain a larger amount of power generation. In particular, the tubular photovoltaic unit 320 is rotatable about an axis parallel to the axis of the respective glass tube axis to track the light for greater power generation.
  • the length of the tubular photovoltaic unit 320 exceeds 2.5 m; preferably, the length of the tubular photovoltaic unit 320 exceeds 5 m, which can fully utilize the strength and self-supporting ability of the glass tube 313, simplify the installation process, save material and labor costs, and facilitate installation and maintenance.
  • the glass tube 313 has a diameter ranging from 30 mm to 180 mm. Preferably, the glass tube 313 has a diameter ranging from 50 to 120 mm.
  • the glass tube 313 itself has good self-supporting ability, and the wall thickness is relatively suitable.
  • the oversized glass tube 313 has a thick wall thickness, which results in a larger amount of glass material per unit light-receiving area, and the cost increases; the glass tube 313 having a small diameter
  • the material is less economical, the strength is low and there is not enough self-supporting ability.
  • the wall thickness of the tube may be 1.5 mm to 3 mm, and the glass tube 313 is of a common size, the process is mature, and the processing cost is low, and is particularly suitable for large-scale application of the array arrangement of the tubular photovoltaic unit to form a tubular photovoltaic power generation assembly.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an application method of a tubular photovoltaic power generation component disposed on a water surface.
  • at least one of the tubular photovoltaic units of the tubular photovoltaic unit 421, the tubular photovoltaic unit 423, and the tubular photovoltaic unit 425 are arranged in the same plane to form a tubular photovoltaic power generation assembly, and the tubular photovoltaic power generation assembly floats in
  • the water surface 423 is such that its plane is substantially a horizontal plane; the tubular photovoltaic power generation assembly is arranged in the east-west direction or the north-south axial direction; preferably, the east-west axial arrangement, and the tubular photovoltaic unit 421 to the tubular photovoltaic unit 425 are relatively stationary, through the plate shape
  • the fixing member 416 connects the tubular photovoltaic units to each other, and the photovoltaic cells 411 and related components in the whole are arranged at an angle to the horizontal plane, for
  • the tubular photovoltaic unit and the tubular photovoltaic power generation component thereof are light in weight, so that the draft of the floating photovoltaic surface is shallow, and the drainage volume of the tubular photovoltaic power generation component is less than half of the total volume of the glass tube, and the water surface is not
  • the horizontal cross-sectional area of the glass tube immersed in the water decreases with the increase of depth. If the pressure is affected by the surface icing, the glass tube can be raised upward to reduce the cross-sectional area and reduce the pressure. It is crushed under pressure to resist pressure and prevent freezing damage.
  • the glass tube also has a certain drainage margin, which can provide greater additional buoyancy.
  • the drainage volume of the tubular photovoltaic power generation component is less than one third of the total volume of the glass tube, that is, the height a above the water surface of the glass tube is at least twice the draft depth b, further enhancing the pressure and frost resistance and increasing Great buoyancy.
  • the outer diameter of the glass tube of the tubular photovoltaic unit 421 is 70 mm; the length is 4 m, the weight per kilometer is lkg, the total weight is 4 kg, the total drainage weight of the glass tube is 15 kg, and the drainage volume of the tubular photovoltaic unit 421 disposed in the water is less than the volume of the glass tube.
  • One of them can achieve the purpose of resisting freezing damage and provide greater extra buoyancy.
  • the additional buoyancy can support the person or the device to move or stay in the upper part thereof, and the maintenance work can be completed safely and conveniently above the water surface.
  • the tubular photovoltaic unit can be rotated about an axis parallel to the axis line of the respective glass tube, and the light can be tracked in the height angular direction to obtain a larger power generation amount.
  • the tubular photovoltaic power generation component is rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the array to track the light to obtain a larger power generation. For example, the tubular photovoltaic power generation component rotates from east to west along the axis, and the azimuth angle with the solar light. The change is consistent, and the normal of the photovoltaic cell plane is in the same plane as the sun.
  • tubular photovoltaic power generation assembly is: the tubular photovoltaic unit or the tubular photovoltaic power generation component is arranged in a depression or a pool in arid and arid regions to reduce the evaporation of water caused by solar radiation and wind power while generating electricity.
  • the annual evaporation is less than the annual precipitation, and it can collect and preserve natural precipitation to improve the environment or support the development of farming and aquaculture.
  • an artificial reservoir is set up.
  • the annual precipitation in the desert area is 300 mm per square meter
  • the annual evaporation is 600 mm per square meter. Therefore, water cannot be stored and the drought is getting worse.
  • the drought can be alleviated by arranging a tubular photovoltaic power generation assembly on the surface of the reservoir.
  • the tubular photovoltaic power generation assembly is composed of a plurality of tubular photovoltaic units, which are glass tubes having a diameter of 70 mm, and the center distance of the glass tubes is 100. Millimeter, 30 mm apart. Due to the installation of tubular photovoltaic power generation components, the amount of received light on the surface of the reservoir is greatly reduced, the wind speed is significantly reduced, and the evaporation of water surface can be reduced to less than 150 mm per square meter. The natural precipitation in this area exceeds the evaporation of water.
  • the pool can retain moisture and reach a certain depth for many years to promote environmental improvement and support the development of farming and aquaculture.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种管状光伏发电组件应用方法，其特征在于，所述应用方法利用至少一根以上的管状光伏单元阵列布置在水面上的管状光伏发电组件进行光伏发电，并降低水面的光照及风速，减少蒸发量，其可应用于江海、河流、天然湖泊、人工湖泊、水池、荒漠干旱地区的人工水池等表面上。

Description

一种管状光伏发电组件应用方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种管状光伏发电组件的应用方法， 尤其涉及一种管状光伏发电组件的 分布式应用。 背景技术
随着光伏技术的应用普及， 在光照强烈的荒漠地区建设了越来越多的光伏电站， 由 于距离电力负荷中心区域较远， 对电网的输送能力提出了很高要求， 贴近负荷的分布式 光伏应用被认为是解决此问题的有效方式。 但由于电力负荷中心地区往往建设及居住密 度较大， 难以具备可以大面积安装常规光伏电池板的空间位置， 对分布式光伏的大规模 推广带来障碍。 另外， 目前的主流光伏模组均为板状， 很容易受风力影响， 需要坚固的 金属支架予以固定， 成本较高。
管状结构的光伏组件具有很好的机械强度， 特别是透明玻璃管具有重量轻、成本低、 密封性能优异、 耐候性好、 机械强度大、 自支撑力强及使用寿命长的显著优点， 作为对 光伏器件或光伏装置的封装及自支撑结构材料， 可以大幅降低成本、 延长使用寿命。
太阳光照对生态环境有很大影响， 我国拥有大面积的天然湖和人工湖， 前者形成自 然的水域景观， 改善人们的生活环境； 后者是人工依地势挖掘而成的水域， 沿岸因境设 景， 具有一定的水深以利于水产。 然而， 日光照射使水面温度升高， 导致湖水蒸发量加 大， 湖面逐渐縮小， 而且湖面越大， 湖面的蒸发量越大， 破环了生态环境。 很多的荒漠 的形成也与过量的光照有关， 造成单位面积年降水量小于年蒸发量， 水分的过度蒸发而 使土壤湿度下降到很低水平， 在较高风速下容易被吹走造成水土流失甚至沙尘暴。 如果 能够减少水面光照强度， 降低水面风速， 可减少水面蒸发量。
有文章报道利用水面进行光伏发电的设计，如新加坡水上太阳能光伏浮岛试点项目， 何祚庥及陈应天的睡莲方案， 但这些方案有的采用普通光伏板， 需另加浮力装置才可保 持在水面上， 并且维护困难； 睡莲类设计， 虽然利用了部分装置浮力， 但同样存在维护 困难问题， 并且难以解决北方冬季水面结冰时对装置的损害。 发明内容 本发明目的在于为解决上述问题而提供一种管状光伏发电组件应用方法。
根据本发明提供的一种管状光伏发电组件应用方法， 其特征在于， 所述应用方法利 用至少一根以上的管状光伏单元阵列布置在水面上形成的管状光伏发电组件进行光伏发 电， 并降低水面的光照及风速， 减少蒸发量。
进一步地， 所述水面为江海、 河流、 天然湖泊、 人工湖泊、 水池、 荒漠干旱地区的 人工水池等表面。
进一步地， 所述管状光伏单元的外壳为玻璃管。
进一步地， 所述管状光伏单元的玻璃管内布置单晶硅电池、 多晶硅电池或各种薄膜 光伏电池。
优选地， 所述管状光伏单元的玻璃管内还布置有光学装置， 其可以实现一定的聚光 功能， 以减少电池用量， 降低成本， 增加发电量。
进一步地， 所述管状光伏单元的长度超过 2.5米； 优选地， 所述管状光伏单元的长度 超过 5米， 可充分利用玻璃管的强度和自支撑能力， 简化安装工序， 节省材料及人工成 本。
进一步地， 所述玻璃管为密闭设计； 可以良好地将玻璃管内外进行水、 气隔离。 进一步地， 至少一根以上的所述管状光伏单元在同一平面内排列形成管状光伏发电 组件， 所述管状光伏发电组件漂浮在水面上， 使其阵列平面基本为水平面； 此方式可节 省管状光伏发电组件安装的基础施工量， 降低成本。
进一步地， 所述管状光伏发电组件中的管状光伏单元相对静止， 且有效受光面与水 平面呈倾斜角度布置。
进一步地， 所述管状光伏单元可绕与各自玻璃管轴心线平行的轴线旋转， 以跟踪光 线获得更大发电量。
进一步地， 所述管状光伏发电组件可绕与其平面垂直的轴线旋转， 以跟踪光线获得 更大发电量。
优选地，构成所述管状光伏发电组件的各管状光伏单元的玻璃管之间留有空隙间隔， 以减少光线遮挡影响， 增加管状光伏单元的发电量。
进一步地， 所述管状光伏单元及其构成的管状光伏发电组件重量密度较轻， 使其漂 浮在水面上的吃水深度较浅， 管状光伏发电组件的排水体积小于玻璃管总体积的一半， 水面未达到玻璃管水平直径线， 以达到抵抗冰冻破坏的目的， 并提供较大额外浮力。 优选地， 所述管状光伏发电组件的排水体积小于玻璃管总体积的三分之一， 进一步 增强抗冻能力及增大浮力。
进一步地， 管状光伏单元或管状光伏发电组件所提供的额外浮力可以承托人员或装 置完成维修保养工作。
进一步地， 所述管状光伏单元或管状光伏发电组件布置于荒漠干旱地区的洼地或水 池中， 在发电的同时， 通过减少太阳辐射及风力造成的水分蒸发量， 使该部分面积的年 蒸发量小于年降水量， 能够收集保存天然降水， 达到改善环境或支持种植养殖业发展的 目的。 附图说明
图 1为管状光伏发电组件的管状光伏单元结构的主视图的示意图；
图 2为管状光伏发电组件的管状光伏单元的另一实施例；
图 3为图 2的管状光伏单元结构的侧视图的示意图；
图 4为管状光伏发电组件布置于水面的应用方法的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
在中国有许多水面可以建设大型、 超大型光伏电站。 中国的青海湖、 鄱阳湖， 太湖 和洪泽湖， 其面积均超过 4000平方公里。 中国大理有极好的太阳能资漏， 而地处云南大 理市的洱海， 其水面约为 250平方公里。 中国有 80000平方公里的湖泊。 中国的绻海湾 实际上是中国的内海， 水面超过 20000平方公里。 按照每平方公里设置 500兆瓦光伏发 电装置， 年发电量一亿度计算， 仅渤海湾就可以放置功率为 10钇千瓦太阳能管状光伏发 电组件； 再者北京市具有 4大水库， 水库湖面总面积 100多平方公里， 可实现年发电量 100亿度， 北京市年使用水量大约 6~10亿立方， 而每年输入水源为 16亿立方水， 其中 有至少 6亿立方水为湖面蒸发， 水之源浪费巨大。 为此， 本发明提出了一种管状光伏发 电组件的应用方法， 通过将多个管状光伏发电组件平行并列连接， 漂浮布置在水面上， 可在实现光伏发电的同时， 减少水面面积， 降低水面光照及风速， 减少蒸发量。
为了更清楚的说明本发明实施例的技术方案， 下面将参照附图对本发明的具体实施 方案进行更详细的说明。
图 1为管状光伏发电组件的管状光伏单元结构的主视图的示意图。 如图 1所示， 管 状光伏单元 110包括玻璃管 113及在玻璃管 113 内布置的光伏电池 111， 所述光伏电池 111布置于玻璃管 113的管内底部，光伏电池 111产生的热量通过玻璃管 113传导至玻璃 管 113外部； 其中所述光伏电池 111可以为单晶硅电池、 多晶硅电池或各种薄膜光伏电 池。
图 2为管状光伏发电组件的管状光伏单元的另一实施例。 如图 2所示， 管状光伏单 元 220， 包括玻璃管 213及在玻璃管 213内中间位置布置的光伏电池 211 ; 光伏电池 211 电池可以为单晶硅电池、 多晶硅电池或各种薄膜光伏电池。
图 3为图 2的管状光伏单元结构的侧视图的示意图。图中显示所述管状光伏单元 320 包括玻璃管 313、 玻璃管 313两端布置的密封接头 314及中间位置布置的光伏电池 311 ; 进一步地， 所述玻璃管为密闭设计； 可以良好地将玻璃管内外进行水、 气隔离； 进一步 地， 所述管状光伏发电组件可绕与其阵列平面垂直的轴线旋转， 以跟踪光线获得更大发 电量。 具体地， 所述管状光伏单元 320可绕与各自玻璃管轴心线平行的轴线旋转， 以跟 踪光线获得更大发电量。管状光伏单元 320的长度超过 2.5m;优选地，管状光伏单元 320 的长度超过 5m， 可充分利用玻璃管 313的强度和自支撑能力， 简化安装工序， 节省材料 及人工成本， 以便于安装以及维修； 进一步地， 所述玻璃管 313直径范围在 30毫米〜 180 毫米之间， 优选地， 所述玻璃管 313直径范围在 50~120毫米之间。 玻璃管 313本身具有 良好的自支撑能力， 同时壁厚比较适宜， 过大直径的玻璃管 313壁厚较厚， 导致单位采 光面积的玻璃材料用量较多， 成本上升； 过小直径的玻璃管 313虽然材料较省， 但强度 偏低， 缺乏足够的自支撑能力。 例如管壁厚度可以为 1.5mm〜3mm， 且该玻璃管 313为 常见的尺寸， 工艺成熟， 加工成本低廉， 特别适合所述管状光伏单元多个阵列布置形成 管状光伏发电组件的大规模应用。
图 4为管状光伏发电组件布置于水面的应用方法的结构示意图。 如图 4所示， 管状 光伏单元 421、 管状光伏单元 423、 管状光伏单元 425的至少一根以上的所述管状光伏单 元在同一平面内排列形成管状光伏发电组件，所述管状光伏发电组件漂浮在水面 423上， 使其平面基本为水平面； 该管状光伏发电组件整体东西轴向布置或南北轴向布置； 优选 地东西轴向布置，且管状光伏单元 421〜管状光伏单元 425相对静止，通过板状固定件 416 将各管状光伏单元相互连接， 且其内部的光伏电池 411及相关组件整体与水平面成一定 角度布置， 例如应用于北京地区时为 40°倾斜布置； 进一步地， 所述水面为江海、 河流、 天然湖泊、 人工湖泊、 水池、 荒漠干旱地区的人工水池等表面； 优选地， 构成所述管状 光伏发电组件的各管状光伏单元的玻璃管之间留有空隙间隔， 以减少光线遮挡的影响， 增加管状光伏单元的单位面积发电量。 进一步地， 所述管状光伏单元及其构成的管状光 伏发电组件重量密度较轻， 使其漂浮在水面上的吃水深度较浅， 管状光伏发电组件的排 水体积小于玻璃管总体积的一半， 水面未达到玻璃管水平直径线， 玻璃管浸入水中部分 的水平截面积随深度增加而减少， 如果受到水面结冰等情况的压力作用时， 玻璃管可以 向上部升起以减少截面积降低压力， 不至于受压破碎， 以达到抵抗压力， 防止冰冻破坏 的目的； 另外， 玻璃管还具备一定的排水余量， 能够提供较大的额外浮力。 优选地， 所 述管状光伏发电组件的排水体积小于玻璃管总体积的三分之一， 即玻璃管露出水面以上 的高度 a至少为吃水深度 b的两倍， 进一步增强抗压抗冻能力及增大浮力。 例如管状光 伏单元 421的玻璃管外径 70mm; 长度 4m， 每米自重 lkg， 则总重 4kg， 玻璃管总排水 重量为 15kg， 该管状光伏单元 421布置在水中的排水体积小于玻璃管体积的三分之一， 可达到抵抗冰冻破坏的目的， 并能提供较大的额外浮力。 进一步地， 当所述管状光伏单 元或管状光伏发电组件达到一定数量时， 其额外的浮力可以支撑人员或装置在其上部运 动或停留， 可以很安全方便地在水面以上完成维修保养工作。 进一步地， 所述管状光伏 单元可绕与各自玻璃管轴心线平行的轴线旋转， 可以在高度角方向跟踪光线， 获得更大 发电量。 进一步地， 所述管状光伏发电组件可绕与其阵列平面垂直的轴线旋转， 以跟踪 光线获得更大发电量， 例如该管状光伏发电组件沿着该轴线自东向西旋转， 与太阳光线 的方位角度的变化向一致， 将光伏电池平面的法线与太阳处于同一平面内。
该管状光伏发电组件的另一应用实施例为： 所述管状光伏单元或管状光伏发电组件 布置于荒漠干旱地区的洼地或水池中， 在发电的同时， 减少太阳辐射及风力造成的水分 蒸发， 使年蒸发量小于年降水量， 能够收集保存天然降水， 达到改善环境或支持种植业、 养殖业发展的目的。 例如： 在荒漠中设置人工蓄水池， 一般情况下， 该荒漠地区年降水 量为每平米 300毫米， 而年蒸发量为每平米 600毫米， 所以无法存水， 干旱情况越来越 严重。 通过在该蓄水池表面布置管状光伏发电组件可以缓解干旱情况， 该管状光伏发电 组件由若干管状光伏单元构成， 该管状光伏单元外壳为直径 70毫米的玻璃管， 玻璃管布 置的中心距为 100毫米， 中间间隔 30毫米。 由于管状光伏发电组件的设置， 蓄水池表面 接收光照量大幅下降， 风速明显降低， 水面蒸发量能够降低到每平米年蒸发 150毫米以 下， 此面积内的天然降水量超过了水分蒸发量， 蓄水池就可以存留水分， 多年下来可达 到一定的深度， 用来促进环境改善及支持种植业、 养殖业的发展。 显而易见， 在不偏离本发明的真实精神和范围的前提下， 在此描述的本发明可以有 许多变化。 因此， 所有对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的改变， 都应包括在本权利要 求书所涵盖的范围之内。 本发明所要求保护的范围仅由所述的权利要求书进行限定。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种管状光伏发电组件应用方法， 其特征在于， 所述应用方法利用至少一根以上 的管状光伏单元阵列布置在水面上形成的管状光伏发电组件进行光伏发电， 并降低水面 的光照及风速， 减少蒸发量。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种管状光伏发电组件应用方法， 其特征在于， 所述水面 为江海、 河流、 天然湖泊、 人工湖泊、 水池、 荒漠干旱地区的人工水池表面。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种管状光伏发电组件应用方法， 其特征在于， 所述管状 光伏单元的长度超过 2.5米。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的一种管状光伏发电组件应用方法， 其特征在于， 所述管状 光伏单元的长度超过 5米。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种管状光伏发电组件应用方法， 其特征在于， 所述管状 光伏单元的外壳为玻璃管。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的一种管状光伏发电组件应用方法， 其特征在于， 所述玻璃 管为密闭设计。
7. 根据权利要求 5所述的一种管状光伏发电组件应用方法， 其特征在于， 所述管状 光伏发电组件的各管状光伏单元的玻璃管之间留有空隙间隔。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种管状光伏发电组件应用方法， 其特征在于， 所述管状 光伏发电组件中的管状光伏单元相对静止， 且其有效受光面与水平面呈倾斜角度布置。
9. 根据权利要求 5所述的一种管状光伏发电组件应用方法， 其特征在于， 所述管状 光伏发电组件中的管状光伏单元可绕与各自玻璃管轴心线平行的轴线旋转。
10. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种管状光伏发电组件应用方法，其特征在于，所述管状 光伏发电组件可绕与其平面垂直的轴线旋转。
11. 根据权利要求 5所述的一种管状光伏发电组件应用方法，其特征在于，所述管状 光伏发电组件的排水体积小于玻璃管总体积的一半， 水面未达到玻璃管水平直径线。
12. 根据权利要求 5或 11所述的一种管状光伏发电组件应用方法， 其特征在于， 所 述管状光伏发电组件的排水体积小于玻璃管总体积的三分之一。
13. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种管状光伏发电组件应用方法，其特征在于，所述管状 光伏单元或管状光伏发电组件所提供的额外浮力可以承托人员或装置完成维修保养工 作。
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