WO2015007024A1 - 绳控水上救生装置 - Google Patents

绳控水上救生装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015007024A1
WO2015007024A1 PCT/CN2013/085213 CN2013085213W WO2015007024A1 WO 2015007024 A1 WO2015007024 A1 WO 2015007024A1 CN 2013085213 W CN2013085213 W CN 2013085213W WO 2015007024 A1 WO2015007024 A1 WO 2015007024A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rope
rescue
water
life
saving device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/085213
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王湛
Original Assignee
Wang Zhan
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wang Zhan filed Critical Wang Zhan
Priority to CN201380078229.0A priority Critical patent/CN105431348B/zh
Publication of WO2015007024A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015007024A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/32—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls
    • B63B1/40—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by diminishing wave resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C9/00—Life-saving in water
    • B63C9/08—Life-buoys, e.g. rings; Life-belts, jackets, suits, or the like
    • B63C9/082—Annular or U-shaped life-buoys intended to be thrown to persons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C9/00—Life-saving in water
    • B63C9/26—Cast or life lines; Attachments thereto; Containers therefor; Rescue nets or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a life saving device, and more particularly to a rope controlled water life saving device which can accurately deliver a rescue buoy (such as a lifebuoy) to a distance far beyond direct throwing.
  • a rescue buoy such as a lifebuoy
  • water rescue mainly relies on ships and lifebuoys to carry out life-saving work.
  • the standard 2.5-kilogram universal adult lifebuoy can only reach a few meters to a dozen meters when throwing, so it can only rescue very close distances. It is more difficult to achieve accurate throwing when it encounters a large flow velocity such as flooding.
  • the rescuer fails to grasp the lifebuoy in time, causing the lifebuoy to be washed away by water and causing rescue failure.
  • Chinese patent CN202368768U (Rapid flow rescue system) discloses that one end of the combined rod is fixed at one end of the river bank base to connect the inflatable ship, and the combined impact rod is rotated around the base by the flood impact force, and the speed is implemented by the speed of the nylon rod, the pulley and the winch control combination rod.
  • the utility model has the advantages of complicated structure, large volume and weight, difficulty in transportation, and time-consuming assembly, and requires a group of personnel to cooperate.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a rope-controlled water life-saving device which is reliable and convenient, can withstand wind and waves, and can fine-tune the placement position of the life-saving device as needed.
  • the present invention provides a rope-controlled water life saving device, comprising: a lifesaving floating body, a steering rudder and a rescue rope, wherein the guiding rudder has a force-facing surface;
  • the life-saving floating body floats on the water surface
  • the guiding rudder plate is disposed on the life-saving floating body and at least partially immersed in water, and the force is facing the water surface and
  • the angle of the water surface is between 30° and 150°
  • one end of the rescue rope is connected to the lifesaving floating body, and the other end of the rescue rope is held by a rescuer.
  • the rescue float body is provided with a positioning ring
  • the rescue rope is provided with a safety hook
  • the rescue rope is coupled to the rescue float body by the cooperation of the safety hook and the positioning ring.
  • the guiding rudder plate when the rope-controlled water-saving device is not used on water, the guiding rudder plate is also disposed on the life-saving floating body; and the guiding-controlled rudder plate is opposite when the rope-controlled water-saving device is not used on water
  • the position of the guide rudder plate relative to the rescue buoy body is the same when the rescue buoy body is in position and the rope-controlled water rescue device is used on the water.
  • the guiding rudder plate is also disposed on the life-saving floating body; and the rope-controlled water-saving device is not used on the water.
  • the position of the steering rudder relative to the rescue buoy body is different from the position of the rescue buoy body relative to the rope-controlled water rescue device when used on water.
  • the guiding rudder plate is not disposed on the life-saving floating body.
  • the guiding rudder plate is connected to the lifesaving floating body by riveting, screwing or glue bonding.
  • the guiding rudder plate is integrally formed with the lifesaving floating body.
  • one end of the guiding rudder plate is connected to the rescue buoy body by a hinge, the guiding rudder plate is rotatable relative to the rescue buoy body around the hinge; the rope-controlled water rescue device is not on the water
  • the guiding rudder plate is attached to the lifesaving floating body; the lifesaving floating body is further provided with a bayonet.
  • the bayonet engages the guiding rudder The position of the guide rudder plate relative to the rescue buoy body is not changed.
  • a plurality of the guide rudder plates are respectively connected to the rescue float body through a plurality of the hinges, and the rescue float body is provided with a plurality of the bayonet ports for respectively engaging the plurality of guide rudder plates
  • the plurality of guiding rudder plates are attached to the lifesaving floating body when the rope-controlled water-saving device is not used on water; at least one of the bayonet engagements when the rope-controlled water-saving device is used on water
  • One of the guide rudder plates is provided.
  • the guiding rudder plate is bound to the life-saving floating body by a strap or a rope; or the guiding rudder is fixed to the life-saving floating body by a clamp On the body.
  • the life-saving floating body has an opening
  • the guiding rudder has a protrusion; when the rope-controlled water-saving device is used on water, the protrusion on the guiding rudder is embedded in the life-saving floating body The opening on the hole.
  • the force-facing surface is one or equivalent to an equivalent rectangular plane having a first side and a second side, the equivalent rectangular plane having a first equivalent side and a second equivalent side; the positioning ring is disposed at a side of the rescue float; when the force-facing water surface is the rectangular plane, the positioning ring to the first side and the first The distance between the two sides is not equal; when the force-facing surface is equivalent to the equivalent rectangular plane, the distance from the positioning ring to the first equivalent side and the second equivalent side not equal.
  • the positioning ring includes two positioning rings; when the force-facing water surface is the rectangular plane, a distance of one of the positioning rings to the first side is greater than a distance from the second side Small, another distance from the positioning ring to the second side is smaller than a distance to the first side; when the force-facing surface is equivalent to the equivalent rectangular plane, one of the positioning rings is The distance of the first equivalent side is smaller than the distance to the second equivalent side, and the distance of the other positioning ring to the second equivalent side is closer to the first equivalent side The distance is small.
  • the safety hook is fixedly connected to one end of the rescue rope; when the rope-controlled water rescue device is used on water, the safety hook cooperates with one of the two positioning rings.
  • the safety hook includes a first safety hook and a second safety hook, the first safety hook is fixedly connected to one end of the rescue rope, and the second safety hook is fixedly connected to the rescue rope;
  • the first safety hook cooperates with one of the two positioning rings and the second safety hook cooperates with the other of the two positioning rings.
  • the lifesaving floating body is a lifebuoy.
  • the present invention provides a method of using a rope-controlled water-saving device, which is applied to the rope-controlled water-saving device, and includes:
  • the rescuer releases the rescue rope such that the rope-controlled water rescue device is slid to the rescued person under the impulsion of the water flow.
  • the present invention further provides a method for using a rope-controlled water-saving device, which is applied to the rope-controlled water-saving device, and includes:
  • the rescuer mates the second safety hook with one of the two positioning rings according to the direction of the rescuer relative to his position and the flow of water, and then the first safety hook and the two Another fit in one of the positioning loops;
  • the rescuer releases the rescue rope to cause the rope-controlled water rescue device to float to the rescued person under the driving of the water flow;
  • the rescuer recovers the rescue rope so that the rope-controlled water life-saving device is brought back to the rescuer with the rescuer under the push of the water flow.
  • the present invention provides a guide rudder board, characterized in that it comprises a force-aid water-facing surface; the guide rudder board is connected with a strap, a rope and/or a clamp for the strap, the rope and the clamp Fixing the guiding rudder plate on the lifesaving floating body; when the lifesaving floating body floats on the water surface, the guiding rudder plate is at least partially immersed in water, and the force is facing the water surface and the water surface The angle is between 30° and 150°.
  • one end of the guiding rudder plate has a protrusion for engaging with an opening in the lifesaving floating body.
  • the rope-controlled water life-saving device of the present invention is fixed, or foldable, or may be attached to the rescue buoy body (the rescue float body is preferably a standard standard lifebuoy, see standard: GB4302-2008).
  • the guiding rudder plate is installed in a disassembling manner, and the guiding rudder plate has a force-facing surface that is a rectangular plane or equivalent to an equivalent rectangular plane (the equivalent here means that the forces and moments of the two are the same);
  • Two positioning rings are arranged on the side portions, and the two positioning rings (the first positioning ring and the second positioning ring) are at an angle to the normal line at the center of the rectangular plane of the force-facing surface of the steering rudder plate
  • the symmetrical position is fixedly disposed, and in an alternative embodiment, the position of the locating ring is adjustable; the positioning ring is to the two sides (the first side and the second side) of the rectangular plane of the force-facing surface of the rudder plate The distances are not equal, or the distance between the
  • the rescue rope can be directly tied to the positioning ring or the lifesaving device floating body. on.
  • the life-saving floating body floats on the water surface
  • the guiding rudder plate is immersed in the water and the force is facing the water surface between 30° and 150°, preferably, the force-facing surface is perpendicular to the water surface.
  • the water surface is roughly perpendicular to the water surface.
  • the life-saving floating body Since the distance between the two sides (or equivalent sides) of the rectangular plane (or the equivalent rectangular plane) of the force-contacting surface of the positioning ring and the steering rudder is not equal, the life-saving floating body is subjected to the impact of the water flow.
  • the force of the water flow to the steering rudder and the force of the water flow to the rescue buoy are deviated from the river bank. Therefore, the rescuer releases the rescue rope at a certain speed on the shore, so that the life buoy body floats off the shore and is immersed in the water.
  • the rescuer floats; and as long as the length of the rescue rope is sufficient, the rescuer can accurately place the rope-controlled water-saving device of the present invention in a manner similar to flying a kite by directly controlling the length of the rescue rope and adjusting the position on the shore.
  • the distance of the life-saving floating body is thrown, and its position can be fine-tuned as needed, so that the life-saving floating body reaches the rescued person accurately.
  • the force-facing surface of the steering rudder plate may be a plane or a curved surface, and may be a rectangle, a rounded rectangle, a trapezoid, a triangle, a semi-circle, an ellipse, a semi-ellipse, a polygon or an irregular shape, preferably, a force.
  • the water-facing surface is a rectangular plane.
  • the steering rudder is preferably a rounded rectangular flat plate or a fan-shaped flat plate that coincides with the shape of the lifebuoy portion.
  • Rescue ropes can be used with a variety of flexible rope-like materials, preferably with floatable 4 mm to 8 mm polypropylene high strength special water rescue ropes (see specification: DB37/T) 1989-2011).
  • the life-saving floating body can be any object that can provide buoyancy, such as foams of various shapes, wood products, tires and hollow objects.
  • the lifesaving floating body uses a general standard lifebuoy (see standard: GB4302-2008), and the following description and the accompanying drawings will use the lifebuoy as an example of the lifesaving floating body. The structure and method of use of the present invention are illustrated.
  • the lifesaving floating body When using an object other than the lifebuoy as the lifesaving floating body, if the same principle as the present invention is used, that is, the lifesaving floating body provides buoyancy, the steering rudder provides lateral thrust (the direction of the flow of water to the direction of the steering rudder is perpendicular to In the direction of the water flow, the rescue rope provides a pulling force to the body of the rescue float, and such applications are also included in the scope of the present invention.
  • the positioning ring is a force point directly connected by the rescue rope or connected by a connecting member such as a safety hook, and may be a rigid annular body such as a metal ring or a flexible annular body such as a high-strength nylon loop, and
  • the opening on the body of the rescue buoy is also an alternative form of the positioning ring.
  • the rescue rope can be directly tied to the positioning ring or the lifesaving floating body, in order to reduce the rescue time, preferably, one end of the rescue rope is provided with a safety hook, such as a snap-type safety hook, and the safety hook can quickly cooperate with the positioning ring to The rescue rope is attached to the rescue float body.
  • a safety hook such as a snap-type safety hook
  • more than two locating rings may be provided at the sides of the rescue buoy body to connect the rescue line to different locations on the rescue buoy body.
  • Step 1 The rescuer cooperates with the first positioning ring or the second positioning ring according to the position of the rescued person relative to his position and the direction of the water flow.
  • the rescuer can determine that the positioning ring of the appropriate position can be matched with the safety hook on the rescue rope. For example, by force analysis, a simpler judgment method is: the rescuer stands facing the rescued person on the shore.
  • the positioning ring of the distance acts as a positioning ring that cooperates with the safety hook on the rescue rope. If there are multiple positioning rings that meet the requirements, the water flow speed can be selected again. For example, in the water with faster water flow, the rescue can be selected from the upstream side. The positioning ring is near, and in the water with slow water flow, the positioning ring farther from the upstream side can be selected.
  • Step 2 determining the position of the guiding rudder plate relative to the lifesaving floating body, the position of the guiding rudder plate relative to the rescue floating body when the water control water saving device is used on the water, that is, determining that the guiding rudder plate installed in a foldable manner is opened and The guide rudder plate that is fixed in place and installed in a detachable manner is mounted in place.
  • Step 3 throwing the rope control water rescue device, so that the lifesaving floating body floats on the water surface and the steering rudder plate is immersed in the water.
  • Step 4 The rescuer releases the rescue rope so that the rope-controlled water rescue device is floated to the rescued person under the impetus of the water flow.
  • the greater the water flow rate the shorter the time for the rescue float body to float in place, and the better the rescue effect.
  • the rescuer can quickly release the rescue buoy body to the designated position (at the rescuer) by standing at an appropriate distance upstream (relative to the rescued person) by releasing the rescue rope at a speed less than the flow of water.
  • the rescue can still be used.
  • the rescue float body is placed in the water farther downstream of the rescuer. The rescuer runs up the river and releases the rescue rope while running.
  • the speed of the release rope is less than running. Speed, by controlling the length of the release rope and the running speed, the distance from the offshore body of the rescue buoy can be controlled. In the completely static waters, it is not easy to fine-tune the position of the life-saving floating body.
  • the length of the release rope can be appropriately increased, and the rescue rope connecting the life-saving floating body and the rescuer can be swept by the rescued person. The rescuer can catch the rescue rope and catch the life-saving rope. Floating body.
  • the farthest rescue distance of the rope-controlled water rescue device of the present invention is the same as the length of the rescue rope, the area of the force-facing surface of the steering rudder plate, the position of the positioning ring connected to the rescue rope, the speed of the water flow, the water absorption of the rescue rope, The unit length weight of the rescue rope, the height of the shore and rescue skills are related. For example, the greater the water absorption of the rescue rope, the greater the weight of the rescue rope after it is wet, and the greater the amount of sag. When the rescue rope is immersed in water, the resistance of the water changes the collimation of the rescue rope, making it downstream. The offset is in the shape of a cycloid, which seriously affects the angle of tension of the rescue rope.
  • the area of the force-facing surface of the steering rudder plate and the water flow are proportional to the impact force on the water-facing surface of the steering rudder plate. If the area is too small, the tension of the rescue rope is not enough, so that the rescue rope is not easy to straighten and hangs into the water. Affecting the direction of the pulling force, if the area is too large, the pulling force of the rescue rope is too large, which increases the difficulty of the rescue personnel. In the case where the rescue rope is tight, the preferred positioning ring is located at an angle (the first angle) between the line connecting the centroid of the steering rudder plate and the normal direction of the force-facing surface at the centroid.
  • the flow rate is preferably about 2 m/s.
  • the first angle of the positioning ring is about 45°, and the first angle of the preferred positioning ring is about 30° when the flow rate is about 1 m/sec. Selecting a suitable positioning ring to connect with the rescue rope can reduce the tension of the rescue rope and can Quickly float the rescue float body in place.
  • the selection of the first angle of 10 ⁇ 20° is better, which can reduce the running distance of the rescuer.
  • two first positioning rings with an angle of 30° are provided on the side of the rescue buoy body, which can be applied to the rapid rescue of most river flow rates, and one or more adjustable position positions can be set.
  • the ring is used for special situations (such as hydrostatic rescue, rescue in waters with very low water flow rates or rescue in waters with very high water flow rates).
  • There are various ways to provide an adjustable position positioning ring on the rescue float body for example, using a back-to-back Velcro buckle as needed to attach the positioning ring to a suitable position on the rescue float body.
  • the steering rudder of the rope-controlled water rescue device of the present invention is foldable and, for ease of placement, carrying and storage, and can be used as a life-saving floating body without a floating function, in a life-saving floating body
  • the body is provided with a recess for the guide rudder plate of the rope-controlled water rescue device in an unused state to be embedded therein, whereby the guide rudder plate is attached to the rescue float body.
  • One end of the guiding rudder plate is connected to the rescue buoy body by a hinge, and the guiding rudder plate is rotatable relative to the rescue buoy body around the hinge.
  • the rescue buoy body is further provided with a bayonet, and the guiding rudder plate has a protruding portion.
  • the protruding portion of the guiding rudder plate is engaged by the bayonet to make the position of the guiding rudder plate relative to the life-saving floating body, that is, fixed relative to the life-saving floating body.
  • the protruding portion is provided with a reinforcing rib at a position where the steering rudder is connected to improve the strength and rigidity when the steering rudder is stressed.
  • a plurality of collapsible steering rudder plates as described above may be disposed on the rescue buoy body, as described in the sixth embodiment of the present invention, each of which is hingedly connected to the rescue buoy body, correspondingly
  • the rescue buoy body is provided with a plurality of bayonet ports for respectively engaging the respective guides to be fixed relative to the rescue buoy.
  • the number of guiding rudder plates can be determined according to the water flow speed, thereby changing the total effective area of the force-facing surface of the steering rudder plate.
  • the total effective area of the force-facing surface of the steering rudder plate is the sum of the rectangular planes (or equivalent rectangular planes) of the force-facing surface of the guiding rudder plate in the open state.
  • the steering rudder of the rope-controlled water life saving device of the present invention is detachable, wherein the guiding rudder plate is fixed to the rescue floating body by binding or binding, and the guiding rudder has one or a plurality of bases conforming to the lifesaving floating body (in this embodiment, a standard lifebuoy), and the base is connected with one or more flexible or rigid binding buckle structures, such as straps or ropes, to firmly guide the steering plate It is bound to the lifesaving floating body and fixes the guiding rudder plate relative to the lifesaving floating body.
  • the base or the binding buckle structure has protrusions, such as positioning pins or positioning pins, which can be embedded in the opening of the lifesaving floating body, which can prevent the guiding rudder and the binding device from being generated relative to the rescue floating body
  • the movement for example, occurs circumferentially and axially along the cross section of the lifebuoy.
  • the steering rudder of the rope-controlled water life saving device of the present invention is detachable, wherein the steering rudder plate has one or more protrusions, such as a positioning rod or a positioning cymbal, on the rescue buoy body Correspondingly there are one or more openings, preferably the openings are through holes.
  • the positioning rod or the positioning sill of the steering rudder By inserting the positioning rod or the positioning sill of the steering rudder into the opening of the rescue buoy body and penetrating through the rescue buoy body, and by exposing the opening of the rescue buoy body at the top of the positioning rod or the positioning sill of the guiding rudder
  • the positioning pin is inserted to fix the positioning rod or the positioning jaw of the steering rudder relative to the rescue buoy body, and thereby the guiding rudder plate is fixed relative to the rescue buoy body.
  • the length, thickness and height of the head or the head should be large enough to ensure that the positioning of the steering rudder relative to the rescue buoy body is secure and does not deflect.
  • two positioning rods or positioning jaws are employed.
  • the steering rudder of the rope-controlled water rescue device of the present invention is detachable, wherein the steering rudder has one or more fits to the rescue float body (standard lifebuoy in this embodiment).
  • the base, and one or more clamping seats that are adapted to the life-saving floating body (the standard life-saving ring in this embodiment), the base and the clamping seat are firmly clamped on the life-saving floating body by the screw and the clamping nut, this embodiment
  • the medium is clamped on the ring body of the lifebuoy, and the guide rudder plate can be fixed relative to the lifesaving floating body.
  • the force-facing surface of the steering rudder plate can be either a flat surface or a curved surface.
  • the case where the force-facing surface is curved is given.
  • the force-facing surface of the curved surface can be divided into a plurality of small planes, and the equivalent equation or finite element method is used to obtain the equivalent.
  • the flat force is facing the water surface.
  • the algorithm is very complicated and can be replaced by an empirical formula. For example, it is considered that the maximum projection surface of the force-facing surface of the curved surface is the force-fed surface that is equivalent to the plane.
  • the shape of the force-facing surface of the steering rudder plate may be a rectangle, or may be a rounded rectangle, a triangle, a trapezoid, a semicircle, a waist circle, a ring shape, a fan shape, a fan ring shape or an irregular shape.
  • Triangular, trapezoidal, semi-circular, rounded, circular, fan-shaped, fan-shaped or irregularly shaped planarly forced water-facing surfaces can also be obtained by using the above-mentioned calculus equation or finite element method to obtain the equivalent rectangular plane. Force to meet the water.
  • the rope-controlled water rescue device of the present invention can operate as long as the rectangular plane of the force-facing surface has an area of more than 100 square centimeters. The larger the area of the water-facing surface of the steering rudder, the greater the impact of the water flow.
  • the force-facing surface of the steering rudder plate is flat and has an area of 200 square centimeters to 5,000 square centimeters.
  • the steering rudder plate with an area of less than 1000 square centimeters is used for the rapid flow of floods, etc., and its rescue can reduce the pulling force of the rescue rope; the large-capacity water-covering area with an area of more than 2000 square centimeters
  • the steering rudder is used for gentle water flow and still water rescue. More preferably, the force-facing surface of the steering rudder is in the range of 1000 to 2000 square centimeters, which is suitable for rescue in most cases with a water flow rate of 0.2-2 m/sec.
  • the rescue rope of the rope-controlled water life saving device of the present invention is provided with a safety hook (first safety hook) at one end and a rescuer at the other end, in the middle of the two ends, that is, the rope body.
  • a safety hook (second safety hook) is also provided; at least two positioning rings are provided on the side of the rescue floating body, respectively being a first positioning ring and a second positioning ring; between the first safety hook and the second safety hook The length of the rescue rope is greater than the distance between the first positioning ring and the second positioning ring.
  • the first safety hook on the rescue rope is engaged with the first positioning ring (or the second positioning ring), and the second safety hook is engaged with the second positioning ring (or the first positioning ring), the first safety hook
  • the rescue rope between the second safety hook and the second safety hook is slack, and the action of the rescue rope on the pulling force of the rescue floating body is at the second positioning ring (or the first positioning ring); then when the second safety hook and the second positioning are released
  • the ring (or the first positioning ring) is engaged, the point of action of the rescue rope on the pulling force of the lifesaving floating body is converted into the first positioning ring (or the second positioning ring). Therefore, the rope-controlled water-saving device in the embodiment is not only suitable for floating the life-saving floating body to the rescued person, but also suitable for pulling the life-saving floating body with the rescuer back to the rescuer, the specific use Methods as below:
  • Step 1 The rescuer cooperates with the first safety ring and the first positioning ring or the second positioning ring according to the direction of the rescuer relative to his position and the flow of the water, and the second safety hook and the second positioning ring or the first Positioning ring fit.
  • the method in which the rescuer judges that the positioning ring of the proper position is selected to cooperate with the second safety hook on the rescue rope is the same as the determination method in the first step in the method of using the rope-controlled water life saving device described in the first embodiment. I will not go into details here.
  • the first safety hook is then mated with the first positioning ring or the second positioning ring.
  • the positioning ring that cooperates with the first safety hook and the positioning ring that cooperates with the second safety hook are related to the force-facing surface of the steering rudder.
  • the normal at the center of the rectangular plane is symmetrical.
  • Step 2 determining the position of the guiding rudder plate relative to the rescue buoy body is the position of the steering rudder plate relative to the rescue buoy body when the rope-controlled water rescue device is used on the water, that is, determining that the guiding rudder plate installed in a foldable manner is opened in place
  • the guide rudder plate that is detachably mounted is installed in place.
  • Step 3 throwing the rope control water rescue device, so that the lifesaving floating body floats on the water surface and the steering rudder plate is immersed in the water.
  • Step 4 The rescuer releases the rescue rope so that the rope-controlled water rescue device is floated to the rescued person under the impetus of the water flow.
  • This step is the same as the determination method in the first step in the method of using the rope-controlled water life saving device described in the first embodiment. I will not go into details here.
  • Step 5 After the rescuer grasps the rope-controlled water-saving device, the second safety hook is disengaged from the second positioning ring or the first positioning ring, that is, the cooperation of the second safety hook and the positioning ring connected thereto is released.
  • the rescue rope at this time is connected to the rescue buoy body through the first safety hook and the first positioning ring (or the second positioning ring).
  • the rescued person can wear the life-saving floating body first, for example, the life-saving floating body body as a life-saving ring.
  • Step 6 The rescuer recovers the rescue rope so that the rope-controlled water life-saving device is carried back to the rescuer with the help of the rescuer.
  • the rope-controlled water-saving device of the present invention can float the life-saving floating body to the need by using the impact force of the water flow by providing a steering rudder on the life-saving floating body and connecting the rescue rope to a suitable position of the life-saving floating body.
  • the water position of the water control device of the present invention can also be used to pull back the lifesaving floating body and the rescued person by the impact force of the water flow.
  • the structure of the invention is extremely simple, the cost is extremely low, and the implementation is convenient, and the user can operate flexibly and has strong practicability.
  • the invention has wide application range and can be used in various water flow speeds.
  • Figure 1 shows a top view of a rope operated water life saving device of the present invention in a first embodiment.
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view of the rope operated water rescue apparatus of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a left side elevational view of the rope operated water rescue apparatus of Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 shows the force applied to the rope-controlled water rescue device shown in Figure 1 when it is used on water.
  • Fig. 5 shows the force applied to the rope-controlled water rescue device shown in Fig. 1 when it is used on water, and the direction of the water flow shown in the figure is opposite to the direction of the water flow shown in Fig. 4.
  • Figure 6 shows a top view of the rope operated water rescue device of the present invention in a second embodiment.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the rope-controlled water rescue device of Figure 6 taken along the line AA'.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of the rope-controlled water rescue device of Figure 7 with the steering rudder plate in an open state.
  • Fig. 9 is an enlarged schematic view showing a region c in a front view of the rope-controlled water life saving device shown in Fig. 1.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the rope-controlled water life saving device of Figure 6 taken along the BB' direction with the steering rudder plate in an open state.
  • Figure 11 is a side elevational view of the rope operated water rescue apparatus of the present invention in a third embodiment.
  • Figure 12 is a perspective view showing the rope-controlled water life saving device of the present invention in the fourth embodiment.
  • Figure 13 is a side elevational view of the rope operated water rescue apparatus of the present invention in a fifth embodiment.
  • Figure 14 is a perspective view showing the rope-controlled water life saving device of the present invention in the sixth embodiment.
  • Fig. 15 is a top plan view showing the rope-controlled water life saving device of the present invention in the seventh embodiment, and showing the force applied when it is used on the water.
  • Figure 16 is a top plan view showing the rope-controlled water life saving device of the present invention in the eighth embodiment, and showing the connection manner and the force of the rescue rope and the life-saving floating body when it is used on the water. The case of a lifesaving floating body.
  • Fig. 17 shows another connection mode and force of the rescue rope and the rescue floating body when the rope-controlled water rescue device shown in Fig. 16 is used on the water, and this corresponds to the recovery of the life-saving floating body.
  • Figures 1-3 show the rope-controlled water life saving device of the present invention in the first embodiment, which comprises a rescue float body 1, a steering rudder 2, a first positioning ring 3, a second positioning ring 4, a rescue rope 6 and safety. Hook 5.
  • the rescue float body 1 in this embodiment is a standard lifebuoy; the guide rudder 2 is fixedly disposed on the rescue float body 1, which is a rectangular flat plate having a force-bearing water-facing surface which is a rectangular plane; the first positioning ring 3 and the second The positioning ring 4 is respectively disposed at the side of the rescue buoy body 1; one end of the rescue rope 6 is provided with a safety hook 5, and is connected to the rescue buoy body 1 by the cooperation of the safety hook 5 with the first positioning ring 3 or the second positioning ring 4, The other end of the rescue rope 6 is held by the rescuer.
  • the rescue buoy body 1 is further provided with a positionally adjustable positioning ring 8 which is fixed to the side of the rescue buoy body 1 by a fastening tape 7.
  • a positionally adjustable positioning ring 8 which is fixed to the side of the rescue buoy body 1 by a fastening tape 7.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show schematic views of the use of the rope-controlled water rescue device of the present invention in two different water flow directions, and show the force conditions.
  • Figure 4 corresponds to the left bank rescue.
  • the arrows in the figure indicate the direction of the water flow.
  • the rescuer 20 stands on the shore 10 and holds one end of the rescue rope 6 in the hand. At this time, the rescue rope 6 is connected to the second positioning ring 4.
  • the figure shows that the rescue floating body 1 is subjected to the force f1 of the steering rudder 2, the momentum f2 of the water flow and the pulling force f3 of the rescue rope 6.
  • the rescue floating body 1 will float offshore under the impetus of the water flow, and rescue By controlling the rescue rope, the rescue float body 1 can be floated to the rescued person. Specifically, if the rescuer is located on a reef 50 meters away from the shore in the waters, the rescuer 20 stands on the shore 10 upstream of the rescuer about 70-80 meters, and is stable at a speed less than the flow velocity. When the rescue rope 6 is released, the rescue buoy body 1 can be quickly placed to the rescued person.
  • the rescuer 20 can move on the shore 10 in the direction of the upstream (or downstream) of the water flow, for example, running to adjust The position of the rescue float body 1.
  • Figure 5 corresponds to the right bank rescue.
  • the arrows in the figure indicate the direction of water flow.
  • the rescuer 20 stands on the shore 10 and holds one end of the rescue rope 6 in the hand.
  • the rescue rope 6 is connected to the first positioning ring 3.
  • the figure shows that the rescue floating body 1 is subjected to the force f1 of the steering rudder 2, the momentum f2 of the water flow and the pulling force f3 of the rescue rope 6. It can be seen that the rescue floating body 1 will float offshore under the impetus of the water flow, and rescue By controlling the rescue rope, the rescue float body 1 can be floated to the rescued person.
  • the rescuer 20 stands on the shore 10 upstream of the rescuer about 70-80 meters, and is stable at a speed less than the flow velocity.
  • the rescue buoy body 1 can be quickly placed to the rescued person. If the rescue float body 1 reaches the downstream (or upstream) of the rescuer when it reaches the distance of 50 meters from the offshore 10, the rescuer 20 can move on the shore 10 in the direction of the upstream (or downstream) of the water flow, for example, running to adjust The position of the rescue float body 1.
  • the rescuer can run through the coast 10 to cause relative movement of the rescue float body 1 and water, which has the same effect as the above-mentioned left bank rescue and right bank rescue.
  • the positioning ring is connected in the same manner as the above-mentioned right bank rescue, and the rescuer 20 throws the lifesaving floating body on the shore 10 by the rescuer 80 meters to the right.
  • FIGS 6-10 illustrate a rope operated water rescue apparatus of the present invention in a second embodiment, the steering rudder 12 being foldable.
  • 6 and 7 show the state in which the guide rudder 12 is closed, which is fitted to the rescue float body 11.
  • the rescue float body 11 has a recess in which the guide rudder 12 is embedded.
  • 8 and 10 show the state in which the steering rudder 12 is opened.
  • One end of the steering rudder 12 is coupled to the rescue buoy body 11 by a hinge 13, and the end portion is further provided with a protruding portion 16 with a reinforcing rib 14 connected therebetween to improve the strength of the steering rudder 12 when subjected to force. Stiffness.
  • the rescue buoy body 11 is further provided with a bayonet 15 which is engaged with the protruding portion 16 after the guide rudder 12 is opened in position, thereby fixing the steering rudder 12.
  • the recess on the rescue buoy body 11 has a projecting edge 17, whereby the guide rudder 12 can be restrained when the steering rudder 12 is closed to ensure the steering rudder.
  • the panel 12 is in a closed state when the rope controlled water life saving device of the present invention is not in use.
  • FIG 11 shows the rope operated water rescue device of the present invention in the third embodiment, the guide rudder 22 being detachable.
  • the steering rudder 22 has a base 23 corresponding to the rescue floating body 21 (the standard lifebuoy in this embodiment).
  • the base 23 and the steering rudder 22 have a rib 24, and the base 23 is connected with a binding buckle structure.
  • the ground is a strap 25 and a fastening buckle 26.
  • the base 23 has projections 27, such as locating pins or locating pins that can be inserted into the apertures of the rescue buoy body 21 to avoid movement of the steering rudder 22 relative to the rescue buoy body 21.
  • Fig. 12 shows the rope-controlled water life saving device of the present invention in the fourth embodiment, the guide rudder 32 being detachable.
  • the steering rudder 32 has two projections 33, such as a positioning rod or positioning jaw, and a rib 34 is provided between the projection 33 and the steering rudder 32, and two through holes 35 are correspondingly formed on the rescue floating body 31.
  • the guide rudder plate 32 is opposed to the rudder plate 32 by inserting the protruding portion 33 of the guide rudder plate 32 into the through hole 35 in the rescue float body 31 and laterally inserting the positioning pin 36 at a portion where the tip end of the protruding portion 33 exposes the through hole 35.
  • the lifesaving floating body 31 is fixed.
  • FIG 13 shows the rope-controlled water life saving device of the present invention in the fifth embodiment, the guide rudder plate 42 being detachable.
  • the steering rudder 42 has a base 43 that fits into the rescue float body 41 (standard lifebuoy in this embodiment) and a holder 45 that fits the rescue float body 21, and the base 43 and the clamp are held by the screw 44 and the clamp nut 46.
  • the seat 45 is firmly clamped to the rescue float body 41 to fix the guide rudder 42 relative to the rescue float body 41.
  • Figure 14 shows a rope-controlled water rescue device of the present invention in a sixth embodiment, comprising four foldable steering rudder plates 52, each of which is coupled to the rescue buoy body 51 via a hinge 54, a rescue float body There are correspondingly four grooves on the 51.
  • the guide rudder 52 in the closed state is embedded in the recess 55 and is attached to the rescue float body 51.
  • the side portion of the rescue buoy body 51 is also provided with two positioning rings 53.
  • Figure 15 shows the rope-controlled water rescue device of the present invention in a seventh embodiment in which the steering rudder 62 is a curved plate having a curved, force-facing surface.
  • the steering rudder 62 is disposed on the rescue buoy body 61.
  • the side of the rescue buoy body 61 is provided with a positioning ring 64.
  • the rescue rope 66 is coupled to the rescue buoy body 61 by the cooperation of the safety hook 65 and the positioning ring 64.
  • the rescuer 20 stands on the shore 10, holds one end of the rescue rope 66, and controls the rescue rope 66 to float the rescue float body 61 to the rescued person.
  • the arrow in the figure indicates the direction of the water flow
  • the rescue buoy body 61 receives the force f1 of the steering rudder 62 in the water, the force f2 of the water flow, and the pulling force f3 of the rescue rope 66.
  • the curved guiding rudder 62 can be equivalent to the flat guiding rudder plate 621 by equating the force of the force-facing surface of the curved surface to the force of the force-facing surface of the plane.
  • 16 and 17 show a rope-controlled water life saving device of the present invention in an eighth embodiment, which includes a rescue float body 71, a steering rudder 72, a first positioning ring 75, a first safety hook 76, and a second positioning ring 73.
  • the second safety hook 74 and the rescue rope 77 are shown in an eighth embodiment, which includes a rescue float body 71, a steering rudder 72, a first positioning ring 75, a first safety hook 76, and a second positioning ring 73.
  • the second safety hook 74 and the rescue rope 77 The second safety hook 74 and the rescue rope 77.
  • the rescue float body 71 in the embodiment is a standard lifebuoy; the guide rudder 72 is fixedly disposed on the rescue float body 1, which is a rectangular flat plate having a force-bearing water-facing surface which is a rectangular plane; the first positioning ring 75 and the second positioning Rings 73 are respectively disposed at the side of the rescue buoy body 71; one end of the rescue rope 77 is provided with a first safety hook 75, and the rope body is provided with a second safety hook 74, through the first safety hook 75 and/or the second safety hook 74 and the The engagement of a locating ring 75 and/or a second locating ring 74 is coupled to the rescue float body 71, and the other end of the rescue line 77 is held by the rescuer 20 on the shore 10.
  • Figures 16 and 17 show schematic views of the use of the rope-controlled water life saving device of the present invention in the water direction of the water flow direction indicated by the arrow, and show the force condition.
  • Figure 16 shows the service rescue body 71 being placed.
  • the first safety hook 76 is engaged with the first positioning ring 75
  • the second safety hook 74 is engaged with the second positioning ring 73.
  • the rescue rope 77 is attached to the rescue floating body 71.
  • the point of application of the pulling force is at the second positioning ring 73.
  • the rescue buoy body 71 is subjected to the force f1 of the steering rudder 72, the force f2 of the water flow, and the pulling force f3 of the rescue rope 77, and floats off the shore 10 by these forces.
  • the rescuer 20 can float the rescue buoy body 71 to the rescued person by controlling the rescue rope 77.
  • FIG. 17 shows the recovery of the rescue buoy body 71.
  • the rescuer catches the rescue buoy body 71, the second safety hook 74 is disengaged from the second positioning ring 73, and the first safety hook 76 and the first positioning ring 75 are retained.
  • the action of the rescue rope 77 on the pulling force of the lifesaving floating body 71 at this time is at the first positioning ring 75.
  • the rescue buoy body 71 receives the force f1 of the steering rudder 72, the force f2 of the water flow, and the pulling force f3 of the rescue rope 77, and floats to the shore 10 by these forces.
  • the rescuer 20 can control the rescue rope 77 to bring the rescue float body 71 back to the shore 10 by the rescuer.
  • the first positioning ring 75 and the first safety hook 76 and the second positioning ring 73 and the second can be adjusted accordingly.
  • the manner in which the safety hooks 74 are engaged Specifically, when the rescue buoy body 71 is placed, the first safety hook 76 is engaged with the second positioning ring 73 and the second safety hook 74 is engaged with the first positioning ring 75; when the rescue floating body 71 is recovered, the rescuer releases the first
  • the cooperation of the second safety hook 74 with the first positioning ring 75 retains the cooperation of the first safety hook 76 and the second positioning ring 73.

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  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
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  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)

Abstract

一种绳控水上救生装置，包括救生浮体本体（1）、导向舵板（2）和救援绳（6），导向舵板（2）具有受力迎水面；绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时，救生浮体本体（1）漂浮在水面上，导向舵板（2）设置在救生浮体本体（1）上并至少部分地浸没于水中，受力迎水面和水面的夹角在30°到150°之间，救援绳（6）的一端连接在救生浮体本体（1）上，救援绳（6）的另一端由救援者握持。通过在救生浮体本体（1）上设置导向舵板（2），实现了利用水流冲击力将救生浮体本体（1）浮航到需要的水上位置以供被救援者抓取。绳控水上救生装置结构简单，成本低且实施方便，使用者个人即可灵活操作，实用性强。

Description

绳控水上救生装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种救生装置，尤其涉及一种绳控水上救生装置，其可以把救生浮体（如救生圈）准确投放到远超过直接抛投的距离。
背景技术
目前，水上救生主要依靠船及救生圈来实施救生的工作。标准的2.5公斤重通用成人救生圈在抛投时一般只能达到几米至十几米，因此只能救援很近的距离。当遇到洪水等水流流速较大时要实现准确抛投更加困难，有时还会发生即使抛投位置到位而被救者未能及时抓住救生圈，使得救生圈被水冲走从而造成救援失败。
远距离准确投放救生圈和在湍急水流中救援问题一直没有简便有效的解决方法。目前关于远距离投放救生圈的专利主要有两类，一类是以压缩气体、火药或者机械弹簧抛投未充气的救生圈，救生圈被抛投入水后自动充气，如中国专利CN101982371A、CN201842236U和CN202609055U等公开的都是此类产品。这些产品都不适用于湍急的水流中救生，且其结构复杂，很难操作，只有一次抛投机会，如果一次抛投失败需要花较长时间收回已抛出的救生圈并装填压缩气体、火药或者设置机械弹簧才能进行再次抛投。另一类是以电动遥控自航救生圈的方式，如CN202609055U和CN202439834U等专利中所公开的，这种产品同样不适用于湍急水流，其控制困难，维护成本很大，可靠性低。
另外，中国专利CN202368768U （急流救援系统）公开了以组合杆一端固定河岸基座一端连接充气船，利用洪水冲击力使组合杆绕基座转动，以尼龙绳、滑轮和绞盘控制组合杆转速实施救援。但是，该实用新型结构复杂，体积重量大，运输困难，装配耗时，需要一组人员协同操作。
因此，本领域的技术人员致力于开发一种绳控水上救生装置，利用救援绳、安全钩、定位环及导向舵板实现简单方便地精确控制救生圈位置。
发明内容
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种绳控水上救生装置，其可靠方便，可经受风浪，且能按需微调救生装置投放位置。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种绳控水上救生装置，其特征在于，包括救生浮体本体、导向舵板和救援绳，所述导向舵板具有受力迎水面；
所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时，所述救生浮体本体漂浮在水面上，所述导向舵板设置在所述救生浮体本体上并至少部分地浸没于水中，所述受力迎水面和所述水面的夹角在30°到150°之间，所述救援绳的一端连接在所述救生浮体本体上，所述救援绳的另一端由救援者握持。
进一步地，所述救生浮体本体上设置有定位环，所述救援绳上设置有安全钩，所述救援绳通过所述安全钩与所述定位环的配合连接在所述救生浮体本体上。
进一步地，所述绳控水上救生装置未在水上使用时，所述导向舵板也设置在所述救生浮体本体上；且所述绳控水上救生装置未在水上使用时所述导向舵板相对于所述救生浮体本体的位置与所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时所述导向舵板相对于所述救生浮体本体的位置相同。
可选地，所述绳控水上救生装置未在水上使用时，所述导向舵板也设置在所述救生浮体本体上；且所述绳控水上救生装置未在水上使用时所述导向舵板相对于所述救生浮体本体的位置与所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时所述导向舵板相对于所述救生浮体本体的位置不相同。
可选地，所述绳控水上救生装置未在水上使用时，所述导向舵板未设置在所述救生浮体本体上。
进一步地，所述导向舵板通过铆接、螺丝固定或胶粘合连接在所述救生浮体本体上。
可选地，所述导向舵板与所述救生浮体本体一体成型。
可选地，所述导向舵板的一端通过铰链连接到所述救生浮体本体，所述导向舵板可绕所述铰链相对于所述救生浮体本体转动；所述绳控水上救生装置未在水上使用时所述导向舵板贴合于所述救生浮体本体；所述救生浮体本体上还设置有卡口，所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时，所述卡口咬合所述导向舵板以使所述导向舵板相对于所述救生浮体本体的位置不变化。
进一步地，多个所述导向舵板分别通过多个所述铰链连接到所述救生浮体本体，所述救生浮体本体上设置有多个所述卡口用于分别咬合所述多个导向舵板；所述绳控水上救生装置未在水上使用时所述多个导向舵板皆贴合于所述救生浮体本体；所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时，至少一个所述卡口咬合至少一个所述导向舵板。
可选地，所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时，所述导向舵板通过绑带或绳索绑定在所述救生浮体本体上；或者所述导向舵板通过夹具固定在所述救生浮体本体上。
进一步地，所述救生浮体本体上具有开孔，所述导向舵板上具有突起部；所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时，所述导向舵板上的突起部嵌入所述救生浮体本体上的开孔。
进一步地，所述受力迎水面是一个或者等效于一个等效矩形平面，所述矩形平面具有第一侧边和第二侧边，所述等效矩形平面具有第一等效侧边和第二等效侧边；所述定位环设置在所述救生浮体的侧部；当所述受力迎水面是所述矩形平面时，所述定位环到所述第一侧边和所述第二侧边的距离不相等；当所述受力迎水面等效于所述等效矩形平面时，所述定位环到所述第一等效侧边和所述第二等效侧边的距离不相等。
进一步地，所述定位环包括两个定位环；当所述受力迎水面是所述矩形平面时，其中一个定位环到所述第一侧边的距离比到所述第二侧边的距离小，另一个定位环到所述第二侧边的距离比到所述第一侧边的距离小；当所述受力迎水面等效于所述等效矩形平面时，其中一个定位环到所述第一等效侧边的距离比到所述第二等效侧边的距离小，另一个定位环到所述第二等效侧边的距离比到所述第一等效侧边的距离小。
进一步地，所述安全钩固定连接在所述救援绳的一端；所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时，所述安全钩与所述两个定位环中的一个配合。
可选地，所述安全钩包括第一安全钩和第二安全钩，所述第一安全钩固定连接在所述救援绳的一端，所述第二安全钩固定连接在所述救援绳上；所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时，所述第一安全钩与所述两个定位环中的一个配合且所述第二安全钩与所述两个定位环中的另一个配合。
进一步地，所述救生浮体本体是救生圈。
进一步地，本发明还提供了一种绳控水上救生装置的使用方法，应用于所述的绳控水上救生装置，其特征在于，包括：
所述救援者根据被救援者相对于自己的位置和水流的方向，将所述安全钩与所述两个定位环中的一个配合；
确定所述导向舵板相对于所述救生浮体本体的位置为所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时所述导向舵板相对于所述救生浮体本体的位置；
抛投所述绳控水上救生装置，使所述救生浮体本体浮于水面且所述导向舵板浸没于水中；
所述救援者释放所述救援绳，使所述绳控水上救生装置在所述水流的推动下向所述被救援者漂去。
可选地，本发明还提供了一种绳控水上救生装置的使用方法，应用于所述的绳控水上救生装置，其特征在于，包括：
所述救援者根据被救援者相对于自己的位置和水流的方向，将所述第二安全钩与所述两个定位环中的一个配合，并继而将所述第一安全钩与所述两个定位环中的另一个配合；
确定所述导向舵板相对于所述救生浮体本体的位置为所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时所述导向舵板相对于所述救生浮体本体的位置；
抛投所述绳控水上救生装置，使所述救生浮体本体浮于水面且所述导向舵板浸没于水中；
所述救援者释放救援绳，使所述绳控水上救生装置在所述水流的推动下向所述被救援者漂去；
所述被救援者抓住所述绳控水上救生装置后，解除所述第二安全钩与所述两个定位环中的所述一个的配合；
所述救援者回收救援绳，使所述绳控水上救生装置带着所述被救援者在所述水流的推动下向所述救援者漂回。
进一步地，本发明还提供了一种导向舵板，其特征在于，包括受力迎水面；所述导向舵板上连接有绑带、绳索和/或夹具，所述绑带、绳索和夹具用于将所述导向舵板固定在救生浮体本体上；当所述救生浮体本体漂浮在水面上时，所述导向舵板至少部分地浸没于水中，所述受力迎水面和所述水面的夹角在30°到150°之间。
进一步地，所述导向舵板的一端具有突起部，所述突起部用于与所述救生浮体本体上的开孔配合。
在第一个实施例中，本发明绳控水上救生装置通过在救生浮体本体（救生浮体本体优选地为通用标准救生圈，参见标准：GB4302-2008）上以固定的、或可折叠的、或可拆卸的方式安装导向舵板，导向舵板具有为矩形平面或等效为等效矩形平面的受力迎水面（此处的等效是指两者的受力和力矩相同）；在救生浮体本体的侧部上设置两个定位环，两个定位环（第一定位环和第二定位环）在相对于导向舵板的受力迎水面的矩形平面的中心处的法线呈一定角度的二对称位置处固定设置，在替代的实施例中，定位环的位置可调节；定位环到导向舵板的受力迎水面的矩形平面的两个侧边（第一侧边和第二侧边）的距离不相等，或者，定位环到导向舵板的受力迎水面的等效矩形平面的两个侧边（第一等效侧边和第二等效侧边）的距离不相等；救援绳的一端设置有安全钩，另一端用于供救援者握持；救援绳通过安全钩与定位环的配合连接到救生浮体本体上，在替代的实施例中，救援绳可以直接捆绑在定位环上或救生装置浮体本体上。绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时，救生浮体本体漂浮在水面上，导向舵板浸没于水中且其受力迎水面在30°到150°之间，较佳地，该受力迎水面垂直于水面或大致垂直于水面。
由于定位环和导向舵板的受力迎水面的矩形平面（或等效矩形平面）的两个侧边（或等效侧边）的距离不相等，在水流的冲击作用下，救生浮体本体受到水流对导向舵板的作用力及水流对救生浮体的作用力的合力是偏离河岸的，由此救援者在岸边以一定速度释放救援绳可使救生浮体本体漂离岸边，向水中的被救援者漂去；并且只要救援绳长度足够，救援者通过控制救援绳的长度和调整在岸边的位置，可以把本发明的绳控水上救生装置以类似放风筝的方式准确投放到远超过直接抛投救生浮体本体的距离，并可以按需要微调其位置，从而使救生浮体本体准确地到达被救援者处。
导向舵板的受力迎水面可以为平面也可以为曲面，可以为矩形、圆角矩形、梯形、三角形、半圆形、椭圆形、半椭圆形，多边形或不规则形，优选地，受力迎水面为矩形平面，从实用和安全的考虑导向舵板优选地为圆角矩形平板或者同救生圈部分形状重合的扇环形平板。
救援绳可使用各种柔性绳状材料，优选地采用可漂浮的4毫米至8毫米丙纶高强度专用水上救援绳（参见规范：DB37/T 1989-2011）。
救生浮体本体可以是一切可提供浮力的物体，如各种形状的泡沫塑料、木制品、轮胎及空心物体等。为利用现有器材和技术减少成本以及实现安全的救援，优选地，救生浮体本体使用通用标准救生圈（参见标准：GB4302-2008），本文以下描述及附图将以救生圈为作为救生浮体本体的实例，阐述本发明的结构和使用方法。使用救生圈以外的其他物体作为救生浮体本体时如果使用与本发明同样的原理，即救生浮体本体提供浮力，导向舵板提供横向推力（水流对导向舵板的作用力的一个分力的方向垂直于水流方向），救援绳提供对救生浮体本体的拉力，则这类应用也被包括在本发明保护范围内。
定位环是被救援绳直接绑缚或通过诸如安全钩的连接部件连接的受力点，可以为刚性环状体，如金属圈，也可为柔性环状体，如高强度尼龙绳圈，另外，救生浮体本体上的开孔也是定位环替代形式。
虽然救援绳可以直接绑缚在定位环或救生浮体本体上，为了减少救援时间，优选地，救援绳的一端安装安全钩，例如卡扣式安全钩，安全钩可以快速地与定位环配合从而将救援绳连接到救生浮体本体上。在替代的实施例中，救生浮体本体的侧部可以设置多于两个的定位环，以将救援绳连接到救生浮体本体上的不同位置处。
上述绳控水上救生装置的使用方法如下：
步骤一、救援者根据被救援者相对于自己的位置和水流的方向，将安全钩与第一定位环或第二定位环配合。救援者判断选择合适位置的定位环以与救援绳上的安全钩配合的方法可以有多种，例如通过受力分析，一种较简单的判断方法是：救援者面向被救援者站立在岸边，平持救生浮体本体并保证其上的导向舵板在救生浮体本体的下方且导向舵板的受力迎水面的矩形平面（或其等效矩形平面）平行于水流方向，将该矩形平面（或等效矩形平面）的两条侧边（或等效侧边）定义为上游边和下游边，则从上游边到下游边的方向为水流方向，选择到上游边的距离小于到下游边的距离的定位环作为与救援绳上的安全钩配合的定位环，如果符合要求的定位环有多个，则可以根据水流速度再作选择，例如在水流较快的水中救援可以选择距离上游边较近的定位环，而在水流较慢的水中救援则可以选择距离上游边较远的定位环。
步骤二、确定导向舵板相对于救生浮体本体的位置为绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时导向舵板相对于救生浮体本体的位置，即确定以可折叠的方式安装的导向舵板被打开并固定到位，以可拆卸的方式安装的导向舵板被安装到位。
步骤三、抛投绳控水上救生装置，使救生浮体本体浮于水面且导向舵板浸没于水中。
步骤四、救援者释放救援绳，使绳控水上救生装置在水流的推动下向被救援者漂去。其中，当水流速越大，救生浮体本体漂航到位的时间越短，救援使用效果越好。在急流水域，救援者只要站在上游适当距离（相对于被救援者），通过以小于水流的速度释放救援绳，就可以快速投放救生浮体本体到指定位置（被救援者处）。在水流速度较慢或者静水水域救援仍然可以使用，具体为：在被救援者的下游稍远的地方投放救生浮体本体入水，救援者向上游奔跑，边奔跑边释放救援绳，释绳速度小于奔跑速度，通过控制释绳长度和奔跑速度可以控制救生浮体本体离岸的距离。在完全静止水域不容易微调救生浮体本体的位置，可以适度增加释绳长度，让连接救生浮体本体和救援者的救援绳扫过被救援者，被救援者抓住救援绳可顺绳抓到救生浮体本体。
本发明的绳控水上救生装置的最远救援距离同救援绳的长度、导向舵板的受力迎水面的面积、与救援绳相连的定位环的位置、水流的速度、救援绳的吸水性、救援绳的单位长度重量、岸的高度及救援技巧等因素相关。例如，救援绳吸水性越大，救援绳沾水后重量越大，其下垂量也越大，当救援绳浸没于水中时，水的阻力会改变救援绳的准直度，使其向下游方向偏移呈摆线形状，由此严重影响救援绳的拉力角度。再例如，导向舵板的受力迎水面的面积和水流对导向舵板的受力迎水面的冲击力成正比，面积太小则救援绳的张力不够，使救援绳不易绷直，垂入水中影响拉力方向，面积太大则救援绳的拉力过大，增加救援人员控制难度。在救援绳为绷紧的情况下，优选的定位环的位置为其与导向舵板的质心的连线和该质心处的受力迎水面的法线方向的夹角（第一夹角）在约10°至60°之间，各个位置适用不同的水流速度，可以按需要选取。在流速较大水域如洪水中，水流对导向舵板的受力迎水面的冲击力相当大，选择第一夹角较大的定位环效果较好，例如，流速约2米/秒时优选的定位环的第一夹角约为45°，流速约1米/秒时优选的定位环的第一夹角约30°，选择合适的定位环与救援绳连接可以减小救援绳的拉力并能快速漂放救生浮体本体到位。在静水水域或流速较小水域，选择第一角度为10~20°的定位环获得的救援效果较好，这可以减少救援者的奔跑距离。一般地，在救生浮体本体的侧部设置两个第一夹角为30°的定位环，这可以适用于大多数河流流速的快速救援，另外，可以再设置一个或多个可调节位置的定位环来用于特殊情形（例如静水救援、水流速度非常低的水域中的救援或者水流速度非常大的水域中的救援）。在救生浮体本体上设置可调节位置的定位环有多种方法，例如，根据需要使用背对背魔术贴绑扣将定位环绑在救生浮体本体的合适位置上。
实验表明，在1 米/秒左右流速的状态下且河岸高7米，导向舵板的受力迎水面的面积约1000平方厘米，选择第一角度为30°的定位环连接救援绳，使用100米长的4mm高强度丙纶专用水上救援绳足以把一个通用标准救生圈漂放到离岸约60米远的地方。
在第二个实施例中，本发明的绳控水上救生装置的导向舵板是可折叠的，并且为了便于安放、携带和保存，并可作为无漂航功能的救生浮体本体使用，在救生浮体本体上设置有凹槽，供处于不使用状态的绳控水上救生装置的导向舵板嵌入其中，由此导向舵板贴合于救生浮体本体。导向舵板的一端通过铰链连接到救生浮体本体，导向舵板可绕铰链相对于救生浮体本体转动，救生浮体本体上还设置有卡口，导向舵板上具有突出部分。绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时，通过卡口咬合导向舵板的突出部分来使导向舵板相对于救生浮体本体的位置不变化，即相对于救生浮体本体固定。该突出部分和导向舵板相连的位置处设置有加强筋，以改善导向舵板受力时的强度和刚度。救生浮体本体上可以设置多个如上所述的可折叠的导向舵板，这在本发明的第六个实施例中有描述，其每个导向舵板都由铰链连接到救生浮体本体，相应地救生浮体本体上设有多个卡口，分别用于咬合各个导向以使其相对于救生浮体固定。使用时可按照水流速度决定使用导向舵板的个数，进而改变导向舵板的受力迎水面的总有效面积。导向舵板的受力迎水面的总有效面积为处于打开状态的导向舵板的受力迎水面的矩形平面（或等效矩形平面）之和。
在第三个实施例中，本发明的绳控水上救生装置的导向舵板是可拆卸的，其中的导向舵板以绑缚或者绑扣方式固定在救生浮体本体上，导向舵板具有一个或多个契合于救生浮体本体（本实施例中为标准救生圈）的底座，底座上连接有一个或多个柔性或刚性的绑缚绑扣结构，例如绑带或绳索，可以将导向舵板牢固地绑定在救生浮体本体上并使导向舵板相对于救生浮体本体固定。优选地，底座或者绑缚绑扣结构上有突起部，例如定位钉或定位销，其可以嵌入在救生浮体本体上的开孔，这可以避免导向舵板和绑缚装置发生相对于救生浮体本体的移动，例如发生沿救生圈圈体截面的周向和轴向滑动。
在第四个实施例中，本发明的绳控水上救生装置的导向舵板是可拆卸的，其中的导向舵板具有一个或多个突出部，例如定位杆或定位榫，在救生浮体本体上相应地具有一个或多个开孔，较佳地开孔为通孔。通过将导向舵板的定位杆或定位榫插入救生浮体本体上的开孔中并贯穿救生浮体本体，并通过在导向舵板的定位杆或定位榫的顶端露出救生浮体本体的开孔的部位横向地插入定位销，使导向舵板的定位杆或定位榫相对于救生浮体本体固定，并由此使导向舵板相对于救生浮体本体固定。当仅使用一个定位杆或定位榫时，其杆头或榫头的长度、厚度和高度应足够大以保证导向舵板相对于救生浮体本体的定位牢固且不会偏转。优选地，采用两个定位杆或定位榫。
在第五个实施例中，本发明的绳控水上救生装置的导向舵板是可拆卸的，其中的导向舵板具有一个或多个契合于救生浮体本体（本实施例中为标准救生圈）的底座，和一个或多个契合于救生浮体本体（本实施例中为标准救生圈）的夹持座，通过螺杆和夹紧螺母把底座和夹持座牢固夹持于救生浮体本体上，本实施例中夹持在救生圈的圈体上，可以使导向舵板相对于救生浮体本体固定。
导向舵板的受力迎水面可以是平面，也可以是曲面。第七个实施例中给出了受力迎水面为曲面的情况，此时可以把该曲面的受力迎水面分割成很多个小的平面，用微积分方程或有限元法求出与其等效的平面的受力迎水面。算法很复杂，可以以经验公式代替，例如认为曲面的受力迎水面的最大投影面为与其等效的平面地受力迎水面。导向舵板的受力迎水面的形状可以为矩形，也可以为圆角矩形、三角形、梯形、半圆形、腰圆形、环形、扇形、扇环形或不规则形状，对于为圆角矩形、三角形、梯形、半圆形、腰圆形、环形、扇形、扇环形或不规则形状的平面地受力迎水面也可以用上述的微积分方程或有限元法求出其等效矩形平面的受力迎水面。由此，对于任意形状的导向舵板的受力迎水面均可以找到一个与其等效的等效矩形平面的受力迎水面，然后可以根据该等效矩形平面的受力迎水面，通过应用前述的方法判断选择合适位置的定位环与救援绳相连。一般地，只要受力迎水面的矩形平面具有100平方厘米以上的面积，本发明的绳控水上救生装置即可工作。导向舵板的受力迎水面的面积越大，其接受水流的冲击力越大。在洪水中，过大的受力迎水面的面积（如大于5000平方厘米）可能造成救援绳拉力过大而绷断或者把救援者拉入水中。优选地，导向舵板的受力迎水面为平面，面积为200平方厘米至5000平方厘米。其中，面积在1000平方厘米以下的小受力迎水面面积的导向舵板用于洪水等急流情况下，其救援可减少救援绳的拉力；面积在2000平方厘米以上的大受力迎水面面积的导向舵板用于平缓水流及静水水域救援。更优选地，导向舵板的受力迎水面的面积在1000至2000平方厘米，其可适用于水流速度0.2-2米/秒的大多数情况下救援。
在第八个实施例中，本发明的绳控水上救生装置的救援绳的一端设置有安全钩（第一安全钩），另一端用于供救援者握持，在两端的中间，即绳身上也设置有一个安全钩（第二安全钩）；救生浮体本体的侧部至少设置两个定位环，分别为第一定位环和第二定位环；第一安全钩和第二安全钩之间的救援绳长度大于第一定位环和第二定位环的距离。可以知道，当将救援绳上的第一安全钩与第一定位环（或第二定位环）配合，第二安全钩与第二定位环（或第一定位环）配合时，第一安全钩和第二安全钩之间的救援绳呈松弛状，救援绳对救生浮体本体的拉力的作用点在第二定位环（或第一定位环）处；继而当解除第二安全钩与第二定位环（或第一定位环）的配合时，救援绳对救生浮体本体的拉力的作用点转变为第一定位环（或第二定位环）处。由此，本实施例中的绳控水上救生装置不仅适用于将救生浮体本体浮航到被救援者处，还适合于将救生浮体本体带着被救援者拉回到救援者处，具体的使用方法如下：
步骤一、救援者根据被救援者相对于自己的位置和水流的方向，将第一安全钩与第一定位环或第二定位环配合，并且将第二安全钩与第二定位环或第一定位环配合。救援者判断选择合适位置的定位环以与救援绳上的第二安全钩配合的方法与第一个实施例中描述的绳控水上救生装置的使用方法中的步骤一内的判断方法相同。在此不赘述。然后将第一安全钩与第一定位环或第二定位环配合，优选地，与第一安全钩配合的定位环和与第二安全钩配合的定位环是关于导向舵板的受力迎水面的矩形平面的中心处的法线对称的。
步骤二、确定导向舵板相对于救生浮体本体的位置为绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时导向舵板相对于救生浮体本体的位置，即确定以可折叠的方式安装的导向舵板被打开到位，以可拆卸的方式安装的导向舵板被安装到位。
步骤三、抛投绳控水上救生装置，使救生浮体本体浮于水面且导向舵板浸没于水中。
步骤四、救援者释放救援绳，使绳控水上救生装置在水流的推动下向被救援者漂去。该步骤与第一个实施例中描述的绳控水上救生装置的使用方法中的步骤一内的判断方法相同。在此不赘述。
步骤五、被救援者抓住绳控水上救生装置后，解除第二安全钩与第二定位环或第一定位环的配合，即解除第二安全钩与和其相连的定位环的配合。此时的救援绳通过第一安全钩与第一定位环（或第二定位环）连接到救生浮体本体。在解除上述的安全钩和定位环的配合之前，被救援者可以先穿戴救生浮体本体，例如将作为救生圈的救生浮体本体套在身上。
步骤六、救援者回收救援绳，使绳控水上救生装置带着被救援者在水流的推动下向救援者漂回。
由此可见，本发明的绳控水上救生装置通过在救生浮体本体上设置导向舵板并将救援绳连接到救生浮体本体的合适位置处，能够利用水流的冲击力将救生浮体本体浮航到需要的水上位置以供被救援者抓取，本发明的绳控水上救生装置还可以利用水流的冲击力将救生浮体本体和被救援者拉回。本发明结构极为简单、成本极低且实施较方便，使用者个人即可灵活操作，具有极强的实用性。本发明应用范围广，在各种水流速度的水域均可使用。
以下将结合附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果作进一步说明，以充分地了解本发明的目的、特征和效果。
附图说明
图1显示了第一个实施例中，本发明的绳控水上救生装置的顶视图。
图2为图1所示的绳控水上救生装置的主视图。
图3为图1所示的绳控水上救生装置的左视图。
图4显示了图1所示的绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时的受力情况。
图5显示了图1所示的绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时的受力情况，图中显示的水流方向与图4显示的水流方向相反。
图6显示了第二个实施例中，本发明的绳控水上救生装置的顶视图。
图7为图6所示的绳控水上救生装置的沿AA’方向的剖视图。
图8为图7所示的绳控水上救生装置在其中的导向舵板处于打开状态的示意图。
图9为图1所示的绳控水上救生装置的主视图中的区域c的放大的示意图。
图10为图6所示的绳控水上救生装置的沿BB’方向的剖视图，其中的导向舵板处于打开状态。
图11显示了第三个实施例中，本发明的绳控水上救生装置的侧视图。
图12显示了第四个实施例中，本发明的绳控水上救生装置的立体图。
图13显示了第五个实施例中，本发明的绳控水上救生装置的侧视图。
图14显示了第六个实施例中，本发明的绳控水上救生装置的立体图。
图15显示了第七个实施例中，本发明的绳控水上救生装置的顶视图，并显示了其在水上使用时的受力。
图16显示了第八个实施例中，本发明的绳控水上救生装置的顶视图，并显示了其在水上使用时救援绳与救生浮体本体的连接方式以及受力，此时对应的是投放救生浮体本体的情况。
图17显示了图16所示的绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时救援绳与救生浮体本体的另一种连接方式以及受力，此时对应的是回收救生浮体本体的情况。
具体实施方式
图1-3显示了第一个实施例中本发明的绳控水上救生装置，其包括救生浮体本体1、导向舵板2、第一定位环3、第二定位环4、救援绳6和安全钩5。本实施例中的救生浮体本体1是标准救生圈；导向舵板2固定设置在救生浮体本体1上，其是一个矩形平板，具有为矩形平面的受力迎水面；第一定位环3和第二定位环4分别设置在救生浮体本体1的侧部；救援绳6的一端设置安全钩5，并通过安全钩5与第一定位环3或第二定位环4的配合连接到救生浮体本体1，救援绳6的另一端供救援者握持。救生浮体本体1上还设置有位置可调节的定位环8，定位环8通过绑扣带7固定在救生浮体本体1的侧部。在调节定位环8的位置时，可以解除绑扣带7对定位环8和救生浮体本体1的绑扣，然后将定位环8放置到需要的位置，使用绑扣带7将定位环8和救生浮体本体1绑扣起来。
图4和5显示了在两种不同的水流方向的水域使用本发明的绳控水上救生装置的示意图，并显示了受力情况。图4对应的是左岸救援，图中的箭头表示水流方向，救援者20站在岸10上，手中握持救援绳6的一端，此时救援绳6连接的是第二定位环4。图中显示了救生浮体本体1受到导向舵板2的作用力f1、水流的冲力f2和救援绳6的拉力f3，可以看出，救生浮体本体1将在水流的推动下离岸漂航，救援者20通过控制救援绳，可以使救生浮体本体1漂航到被救援者处。具体地，如果被救援者位于水域中离岸10距离50米处的礁石上，救援者20站在距离被救援者约70~80米处的上游的岸10上，以小于水流流速的速度稳定地释放救援绳6，就可以快速投放救生浮体本体1到被救援者处。如救生浮体本体1到达离岸10距离50米处时处于被救援者的下游（或上游），救援者20可以在岸10上向水流的上游（或下游）的方向移动，例如奔跑，以调整救生浮体本体1的位置。
图5对应的是右岸救援，图中的箭头表示水流方向，救援者20站在岸10上，手中握持救援绳6的一端，此时救援绳6连接的是第一定位环3。图中显示了救生浮体本体1受到导向舵板2的作用力f1、水流的冲力f2和救援绳6的拉力f3，可以看出，救生浮体本体1将在水流的推动下离岸漂航，救援者20通过控制救援绳，可以使救生浮体本体1漂航到被救援者处。具体地，如果被救援者位于水域中离岸10距离50米处的礁石上，救援者20站在距离被救援者约70~80米处的上游的岸10上，以小于水流流速的速度稳定地释放救援绳6，就可以快速投放救生浮体本体1到被救援者处。如救生浮体本体1到达离岸10距离50米处时处于被救援者的下游（或上游），救援者20可以在岸10上向水流的上游（或下游）的方向移动，例如奔跑，以调整救生浮体本体1的位置。
在低流速或静水水域，救援者通过沿岸10奔跑可以造成救生浮体本体1和水的相对运动，起到与上述的左岸救援和右岸救援同样的效果。例如，当岸10右侧有较长的施救空间时，采用与上述的右岸救援时相同的方式连接定位环，救援者20在岸10上被救援者的右边80米处抛投救生浮体本体1入水，然后向左边一边奔跑一边释放救援绳6，当奔跑150米距离时救生浮体本体1大约离岸60米，继续奔跑，救生浮体本体1和救援者20之间的救援绳6将扫过被救援者，救援者20停止运动，被救援者抓住救援绳6，并顺着救援绳6抓住救生浮体本体1，这样救援者20就可把被救援者拉向岸10。
图6-10显示了第二个实施例中本发明的绳控水上救生装置，其导向舵板12是可折叠的。图6和7显示了导向舵板12闭合的状态，其贴合在救生浮体本体11上，较佳地，救生浮体本体11上具有凹槽，导向舵板12嵌入其中。图8和10显示了导向舵板12打开的状态。导向舵板12的一个端部通过铰链13连接在救生浮体本体11上，该端部还设置有突出部分16，两者之间连接有加强筋14以改善导向舵板12受力时的强度和刚度。救生浮体本体11上还设置有卡口15，导向舵板12打开到位后，卡口15咬合突出部分16，由此固定导向舵板12。另外，如图9给出的放大的示意图所示的，救生浮体本体11上的这个凹槽具有突出的边缘17，由此可以在导向舵板12闭合时限制导向舵板12，以保证导向舵板12在本发明的绳控水上救生装置不使用时处于闭合状态。
图11显示了第三个实施例中本发明的绳控水上救生装置，其导向舵板22是可拆卸的。导向舵板22具有契合于救生浮体本体21（本实施例中为标准救生圈）的底座23，底座23与导向舵板22之间具有加强筋24，底座23上连接有绑缚绑扣结构，具体地为绑带25和紧固扣26。优选地，底座23上有突起部27，例如定位钉或定位销，其可以嵌入在救生浮体本体21上的开孔以避免导向舵板22发生相对于救生浮体本体21的移动。
图12显示了第四个实施例中本发明的绳控水上救生装置，其导向舵板32是可拆卸的。导向舵板32具有两个突出部33，例如定位杆或定位榫，突出部33与导向舵板32之间具有加强筋34，在救生浮体本体31上相应地具有两个通孔35。通过将导向舵板32的突出部33插入救生浮体本体31上的通孔35中，并通过在突出部33的顶端露出通孔35的部位横向地插入定位销36，使导向舵板32相对于救生浮体本体31固定。
图13显示了第五个实施例中本发明的绳控水上救生装置，其导向舵板42是可拆卸的。导向舵板42具有契合于救生浮体本体41（本实施例中为标准救生圈）的底座43和契合于救生浮体本体21的夹持座45，通过螺杆44和夹紧螺母46把底座43和夹持座45牢固夹持于救生浮体本体41上，以使导向舵板42相对于救生浮体本体41固定。
图14显示了第六个实施例中本发明的绳控水上救生装置，包括四个可折叠的导向舵板52，每个导向舵板皆通过铰链54连接在救生浮体本体51上，救生浮体本体51上还相应地具有四个凹槽。处于闭合状态的导向舵板52嵌入凹槽55内，贴合于救生浮体本体51。救生浮体本体51的侧部还设置有两个定位环53。
图15显示了第七个实施例中本发明的绳控水上救生装置，其中的导向舵板62是弯曲的板，具有曲面的受力迎水面。导向舵板62设置在救生浮体本体61上，救生浮体本体61的侧部设置有定位环64，救援绳66通过安全钩65与定位环64的配合连接到救生浮体本体61上。使用时，救援者20站在岸10上，握持救援绳66的一端，通过控制救援绳66，使救生浮体本体61浮航到被救援者处。图中的箭头表示水流的方向，救生浮体本体61在水中受到导向舵板62的作用力f1、水流的作用力f2和救援绳66的拉力f3。其中，通过将曲面的受力迎水面的受力等效为平面的受力迎水面的受力，弯曲的导向舵板62可以被等效为平板的导向舵板621。
图16和17显示了第八个实施例中本发明的绳控水上救生装置，其包括救生浮体本体71、导向舵板72、第一定位环75、第一安全钩76、第二定位环73、第二安全钩74和救援绳77。实施例中的救生浮体本体71是标准救生圈；导向舵板72固定设置在救生浮体本体1上，其是一个矩形平板，具有为矩形平面的受力迎水面；第一定位环75和第二定位环73分别设置在救生浮体本体71的侧部；救援绳77的一端设置第一安全钩75，绳身设置第二安全钩74，通过第一安全钩75和/或第二安全钩74与第一定位环75和/或第二定位环74的配合连接到救生浮体本体71，救援绳77的另一端供在岸10上的救援者20握持。
图16和17显示了在箭头所示的水流方向的水域使用本发明的绳控水上救生装置的示意图，并显示了受力情况。图16显示的是投放救生浮体本体71，此时，第一安全钩76与第一定位环75配合，且第二安全钩74与第二定位环73配合，救援绳77对救生浮体本体71的拉力的作用点在第二定位环73处。救生浮体本体71受到导向舵板72的作用力f1、水流的作用力f2和救援绳77的拉力f3，在这些力的作用下漂离岸10。救援者20通过控制救援绳77，可以将救生浮体本体71浮航到被救援者处。
图17显示的是回收救生浮体本体71，被救援者抓到救生浮体本体71后，解除第二安全钩74与第二定位环73的配合，保留第一安全钩76与第一定位环75的配合，此时救援绳77对救生浮体本体71的拉力的作用点在第一定位环75处。救生浮体本体71受到导向舵板72的作用力f1、水流的作用力f2和救援绳77的拉力f3，在这些力的作用下漂向岸10。救援者20通过控制救援绳77，可以将救生浮体本体71连带被救援者拉回到岸10。
当使用本发明的绳控水上救生装置的水域的水流方向与图16和17所示的相反时，可以相应地调整第一定位环75和第一安全钩76与第二定位环73和第二安全钩74的配合方式。具体地，投放救生浮体本体71时，将第一安全钩76与第二定位环73配合且将第二安全钩74与第一定位环75配合；回收救生浮体本体71时，被救援者解除第二安全钩74与第一定位环75的配合而保留第一安全钩76与第二定位环73的配合。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解，本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思做出诸多修改和变化。因此，凡本技术领域的技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种绳控水上救生装置，其特征在于，包括救生浮体本体、导向舵板和救援绳，所述导向舵板具有受力迎水面；
    所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时，所述救生浮体本体漂浮在水面上，所述导向舵板设置在所述救生浮体本体上并至少部分地浸没于水中，所述受力迎水面和所述水面的夹角在30°到150°之间，所述救援绳的一端连接在所述救生浮体本体上，所述救援绳的另一端由救援者握持。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的绳控水上救生装置，其特征在于，所述救生浮体本体上设置有定位环，所述救援绳上设置有安全钩，所述救援绳通过所述安全钩与所述定位环的配合连接在所述救生浮体本体上。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的绳控水上救生装置，其特征在于，所述绳控水上救生装置未在水上使用时，所述导向舵板也设置在所述救生浮体本体上；且所述绳控水上救生装置未在水上使用时所述导向舵板相对于所述救生浮体本体的位置与所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时所述导向舵板相对于所述救生浮体本体的位置相同。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的绳控水上救生装置，其特征在于，所述绳控水上救生装置未在水上使用时，所述导向舵板也设置在所述救生浮体本体上；且所述绳控水上救生装置未在水上使用时所述导向舵板相对于所述救生浮体本体的位置与所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时所述导向舵板相对于所述救生浮体本体的位置不相同。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的绳控水上救生装置，其特征在于，所述绳控水上救生装置未在水上使用时，所述导向舵板未设置在所述救生浮体本体上。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的绳控水上救生装置，其特征在于，所述导向舵板通过铆接、螺丝固定或胶粘合连接在所述救生浮体本体上。
  7. 如权利要求3所述的绳控水上救生装置，其特征在于，所述导向舵板与所述救生浮体本体一体成型。
  8. 如权利要求4所述的绳控水上救生装置，其特征在于，所述导向舵板的一端通过铰链连接到所述救生浮体本体，所述导向舵板可绕所述铰链相对于所述救生浮体本体转动；所述绳控水上救生装置未在水上使用时所述导向舵板贴合于所述救生浮体本体；所述救生浮体本体上还设置有卡口，所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时，所述卡口咬合所述导向舵板以使所述导向舵板相对于所述救生浮体本体的位置不变化。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的绳控水上救生装置，其特征在于，多个所述导向舵板分别通过多个所述铰链连接到所述救生浮体本体，所述救生浮体本体上设置有多个所述卡口用于分别咬合所述多个导向舵板；所述绳控水上救生装置未在水上使用时所述多个导向舵板皆贴合于所述救生浮体本体；所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时，至少一个所述卡口咬合至少一个所述导向舵板。
  10. 如权利要求5所述的绳控水上救生装置，其特征在于，所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时，所述导向舵板通过绑带或绳索绑定在所述救生浮体本体上；或者所述导向舵板通过夹具固定在所述救生浮体本体上。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的绳控水上救生装置，其特征在于，所述救生浮体本体上具有开孔，所述导向舵板上具有突起部；所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时，所述导向舵板上的突起部嵌入所述救生浮体本体上的开孔。
  12. 如权利要求2-11中任何一个所述的绳控水上救生装置，其特征在于，所述受力迎水面是一个矩形平面或者等效于一个等效矩形平面，所述矩形平面具有第一侧边和第二侧边，所述等效矩形平面具有第一等效侧边和第二等效侧边；所述定位环设置在所述救生浮体的侧部；当所述受力迎水面是所述矩形平面时，所述定位环到所述第一侧边和所述第二侧边的距离不相等；当所述受力迎水面等效于所述等效矩形平面时，所述定位环到所述第一等效侧边和所述第二等效侧边的距离不相等。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的绳控水上救生装置，其特征在于，所述定位环包括两个定位环；当所述受力迎水面是所述矩形平面时，其中一个定位环到所述第一侧边的距离比到所述第二侧边的距离小，另一个定位环到所述第二侧边的距离比到所述第一侧边的距离小；当所述受力迎水面等效于所述等效矩形平面时，其中一个定位环到所述第一等效侧边的距离比到所述第二等效侧边的距离小，另一个定位环到所述第二等效侧边的距离比到所述第一等效侧边的距离小。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的绳控水上救生装置，其特征在于，所述安全钩固定连接在所述救援绳的一端；所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时，所述安全钩与所述两个定位环中的一个配合。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的绳控水上救生装置，其特征在于，所述安全钩包括第一安全钩和第二安全钩，所述第一安全钩固定连接在所述救援绳的一端，所述第二安全钩固定连接在所述救援绳上；所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时，所述第一安全钩与所述两个定位环中的一个配合且所述第二安全钩与所述两个定位环中的另一个配合。
  16. 如权利要求14或15所述的绳控水上救生装置，其特征在于，所述救生浮体本体是救生圈。
  17. 一种绳控水上救生装置的使用方法，应用于所述权利要求14所述的绳控水上救生装置，其特征在于，包括：
    所述救援者根据被救援者相对于自己的位置和水流的方向，将所述安全钩与所述两个定位环中的一个配合；
    确定所述导向舵板相对于所述救生浮体本体的位置为所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时所述导向舵板相对于所述救生浮体本体的位置；
    抛投所述绳控水上救生装置，使所述救生浮体本体浮于水面且所述导向舵板浸没于水中；
    所述救援者释放所述救援绳，使所述绳控水上救生装置在所述水流的推动下向所述被救援者漂去。
  18. 一种绳控水上救生装置的使用方法，应用于所述权利要求15所述的绳控水上救生装置，其特征在于，包括：
    所述救援者根据被救援者相对于自己的位置和水流的方向，将所述第二安全钩与所述两个定位环中的一个配合，并继而将所述第一安全钩与所述两个定位环中的另一个配合；
    确定所述导向舵板相对于所述救生浮体本体的位置为所述绳控水上救生装置在水上使用时所述导向舵板相对于所述救生浮体本体的位置；
    抛投所述绳控水上救生装置，使所述救生浮体本体浮于水面且所述导向舵板浸没于水中；
    所述救援者释放救援绳，使所述绳控水上救生装置在所述水流的推动下向所述被救援者漂去；
    所述被救援者抓住所述绳控水上救生装置后，解除所述第二安全钩与所述两个定位环中的所述一个的配合；
    所述救援者回收所述救援绳，使所述绳控水上救生装置带着所述被救援者在所述水流的推动下向所述救援者漂回。
  19. 一种导向舵板，其特征在于，包括受力迎水面；所述导向舵板上连接有绑带、绳索和/或夹具，所述绑带、绳索和夹具用于将所述导向舵板固定在救生浮体本体上；当所述救生浮体本体漂浮在水面上时，所述导向舵板至少部分地浸没于水中，所述受力迎水面和所述水面的夹角在30°到150°之间。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的导向舵板，其特征在于，所述导向舵板的一端具有突起部，所述突起部用于与所述救生浮体本体上的开孔配合。
PCT/CN2013/085213 2013-07-16 2013-10-15 绳控水上救生装置 WO2015007024A1 (zh)

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