WO2015001625A1

WO2015001625A1 - Ultrasonic flaw-detection device, ultrasonic flaw-detection method, and method for inspecting weld zone of panel structure

Info

Publication number: WO2015001625A1
Application number: PCT/JP2013/068198
Authority: WO
Inventors: 将裕三木; 聡北澤; 雅己小方; 紀朗後藤; 小林　善宏; 晋安西
Original assignee: 株式会社日立製作所
Priority date: 2013-07-03
Filing date: 2013-07-03
Publication date: 2015-01-08

Abstract

This invention provides a technique that allows high-speed ultrasonic inspection while minimizing the amount of mechanical scanning performed by an ultrasonic probe, even when inspecting a long weld line. This ultrasonic flaw-detection device comprises the following: first and second ultrasonic sensor arrays on opposite sides of a weld zone, each of said ultrasonic sensor arrays being provided with an ultrasonic transducer array that sends and receives ultrasound to and from the weld zone; an ultrasound-sensor-array holder that keeps the distance between the first and second ultrasonic sensor arrays constant and moves the first and second ultrasonic sensor arrays in the lengthwise direction of the weld zone; an ultrasound controller that converts the ultrasound received by the ultrasonic transducer arrays to echo signals; and a flaw-detection controller that uses said echo signals to detect defects in the weld zone.

Description

Ultrasonic flaw detector, ultrasonic flaw detection method, and welded portion inspection method for panel structure

The present invention relates to an ultrasonic inspection method and inspection apparatus for flaws, cracks, and weld defects generated in a welded portion for joining plate materials.

Welding is indispensable for manufacturing large structures, but welding defects rarely occur at the weld due to welding. Therefore, the quality of a welded part is guaranteed by performing an appropriate nondestructive inspection on the welded part. As a general nondestructive inspection method for a welded portion, an ultrasonic flaw detection method or a radiation inspection method can be cited. The ultrasonic flaw detection method is widely used because of the simplicity of the apparatus and the absence of operations such as shielding necessary for radiation inspection.

For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an ultrasonic flaw detection method for a welded portion in which plate materials are joined to each other. According to the invention disclosed in Patent Document 1, two oblique probes are arranged on one surface of a welded portion so as not to be on the same straight line, and the ultrasonic probe is scanned back and forth in the direction orthogonal to the welded portion. Then, the defect generated in the thickness direction is detected by adjusting the incident angle of the ultrasonic wave to the weld line and the distance to the weld line.

Patent Document 2 discloses a method for inspecting a welded portion of a welded steel pipe formed by welding a steel pipe having a semicircular cross section. According to the invention disclosed in Patent Document 2, when a pair of ultrasonic probes is fixedly arranged along the weld line and a reflected signal is detected by both of the pair of ultrasonic probes, The reflected signal is determined as a defect.

Patent 3140157 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-322643

For inspection of welded parts of long members, conventionally, the ultrasonic probe was manually moved in a direction crossing the welding line and in the welding line direction to detect the welded part. Normally, convex weld surpluses are generated on the surface of the welded portion. Therefore, the surplus is ground with a grinder and the surface of the welded portion is smoothed, and then the flaw detection is performed. In this method, since it is necessary to delete surplus before inspection, a technique for performing welding inspection at high speed without pretreatment is desired.

Here, in order to explain the problem in more detail, a coordinate system is set for the object to be welded, and the longitudinal direction of the weld line, which is the center line of the weld, is orthogonal to the X direction and the longitudinal direction of the weld line. The direction is the Y direction, and the plate thickness depth direction to be inspected is the Z direction.

In the case of the invention disclosed in Patent Document 1, since it is necessary to perform forward / reverse scanning of the ultrasonic probe in the direction perpendicular to the welded portion (Y direction) with respect to the weld line, inspection of a long weld line is performed. In addition to the forward / reverse scanning in the Y direction, it is necessary to perform a parallel movement in the welded portion direction (X direction). Therefore, although the flaw detection method described in Patent Document 1 is effective for a specific portion of the plate material, that is, a narrow range, it cannot be said that it is effective as a flaw detection method for a long welded member. Moreover, since it is necessary to delete the surplus for the movement of the probe, a great amount of inspection time is required.

Further, the invention disclosed in Patent Document 2 is a method of arranging an ultrasonic probe in a fixed manner, and does not consider the movement of the ultrasonic probe in the first place.

Therefore, the present invention is an ultrasonic that can inspect the presence or absence of a defect in a welded part only by parallel (X direction) movement along the weld line without performing forward / reverse (Y direction) scanning of the ultrasonic probe. It is an object of the present invention to provide a flaw detection apparatus, a flaw detection method, or a flaw detection method for a panel structure that is joined by welding various shapes.

In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, an ultrasonic flaw detector used for ultrasonic inspection of a welded portion includes an ultrasonic array transducer that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves to the welded portion, and the welded portion The first ultrasonic array sensor and the second ultrasonic array sensor disposed across the first and second ultrasonic array sensors, and the distance between the first and second ultrasonic array sensors is kept constant, the first and second An ultrasonic array sensor holder that moves the ultrasonic array sensor along the longitudinal direction of the weld, an ultrasonic controller that converts the ultrasonic wave received by the ultrasonic array transducer into an echo signal, and the echo A flaw detection controller that detects a defect in the weld using a signal is provided.

¡Because no pre-processing is necessary to remove the extra weld at the welded part, the man-hours required for welding inspection of long members can be greatly reduced. Moreover, since the mechanical movement of the apparatus is only in the weld line direction, the welding inspection is speeded up.

(A) Schematic diagram showing the configuration of the ultrasonic flaw detector of Examples 1 and 2, (B) AA ′ cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic flaw detector configuration diagram shown in FIG. 1 (A), (C) Example 1 2 is a system configuration diagram of the

ultrasonic flaw detectors

2 and 2. FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an arrangement of ultrasonic array sensors in the ultrasonic flaw detector according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a B-B ′ sectional view of the schematic diagram of FIG. 2 (YZ sectional view of the ultrasonic array sensor arrangement diagram of FIG. 2). FIG. 3 is a C-C ′ sectional view of the schematic diagram of FIG. 2 (ZX sectional view of the ultrasonic array sensor arrangement diagram of FIG. 2). FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a main part showing an ultrasonic propagation path in the ultrasonic flaw detector of Example 1. It is an example of the test result displayed on the display of the ultrasonic flaw detector of Example 1. 3 is a flowchart for explaining processing in the ultrasonic flaw detector according to Embodiment 1; It is explanatory drawing of the to-be-inspected object of the ultrasonic flaw detector of Example 2. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the ultrasonic flaw detector of Example 2 and an inspection object (corresponding to the A-A ′ cross-sectional view of FIG. 1). 6 is a layout diagram of ultrasonic array sensors in the ultrasonic flaw detector according to Embodiment 2. FIG. FIG. 11 is a D-D ′ sectional view (ZX section) of the ultrasonic array sensor arrangement diagram shown in FIG. 10. (A) It is a principal part enlarged view which shows the ultrasonic propagation path | route in the ultrasonic flaw detector of Example 2. FIG. (B) It is a principal part enlarged view which shows another ultrasonic propagation path in the ultrasonic flaw detector of Example 2. FIG. It is an example of the test result displayed on the indicator of the ultrasonic flaw detector of Example 2.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

The hardware configuration of the ultrasonic flaw detector according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1C is a system configuration diagram of the ultrasonic flaw detector according to the present embodiment. In general, the ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus according to the present embodiment includes an ultrasonic array probe 101 that transmits and receives an ultrasonic wave in contact with an object to be inspected, and transmits the ultrasonic wave as an analog echo signal, and the ultrasonic array. A phased array flaw detector 102 that controls the probe 101 and a display 14 that displays the inspection result are configured. The phased array flaw detector 102 includes an analog / digital conversion board that digitizes an analog signal transmitted from the ultrasonic array probe 101, an amplifier that amplifies the AD-converted digital signal, and various types of digitalized echo signals. A processor that executes processing, a memory that stores software executed by the processor, a secondary storage device, and the like are included.

FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the ultrasonic array probe 101 is placed on a structure in which the

plate materials

3a and 3b are joined by the welded portion 1. FIG.

The ultrasonic array probe 101 includes a pair of

ultrasonic array sensors

4 and 5, an ultrasonic array sensor holder 6 that holds the ultrasonic array sensor, and the like.

The ultrasonic array sensor holder 6 includes a casing for holding the first and second

ultrasonic array sensors

4 and 5 at a fixed distance from each other, and the first and second ultrasonic arrays. The

sensors

4 and 5 are fixed to the casing with an ultrasonic array sensor fixing screw 7. The first and second

ultrasonic array sensors

4 and 5 fixed to the casing are installed on the upper surface of the

plate material

3a or 3b so as to straddle the welded portion 1, and ultrasonic waves are incident from the plate material and welded. Inspect part 1. When the first and second

ultrasonic array sensors

4 and 5 are installed on the

plate members

3a and 3b, a contact medium such as water, oil, or glycerin paste may be applied to the array sensor installation surface. In addition, as an ultrasonic array sensor stored in the ultrasonic array sensor holder 6, either a single transducer type ultrasonic array sensor or a dual transducer type ultrasonic array sensor is used. Also good.

Also, the ultrasonic array sensor holder 6 is self-propelled and is provided with a probe mover for moving along the longitudinal direction (so-called weld line) of the welded part of the inspection object. In the ultrasonic array sensor holder 6 of the present embodiment, four tires 8 and a motor 10 for driving the tires are installed, and the longitudinal direction of the welded portion 1 (X direction in FIG. 1A). Can translate. If the motor 10 is installed for at least one of the four tires 8, the ultrasonic array sensor holder 6 can be moved. A movement amount measuring device 9 is connected to at least one of the four tires 8 and the distance traveled by the ultrasonic array sensor holder 6 is measured from the rotation amount of the tire.

The phased array flaw detector 102 includes an ultrasonic controller 11 that performs switching control of ultrasonic transmission and reception to the ultrasonic array sensor, and a probe movement controller that performs movement control and movement amount measurement of the ultrasonic array sensor holder. 12. It is comprised by the flaw detection controller 13 etc. which carry out overall control of the whole ultrasonic inspection. The ultrasonic controller 11, the probe movement controller 12, and the flaw detection controller 13 described above are realized by the processor described in FIG. 1C executing various software.

The ultrasonic controller 11 is connected to the first and second

ultrasonic array sensors

4 and 5 and controls transmission of ultrasonic waves and reflection from a defect or reception of diffraction echoes. The received echo is converted into an electric signal (hereinafter referred to as an echo signal), digitized and recorded, and further converted into image information and sent to the flaw detection controller 12.

The probe movement controller 12 controls the movement of the ultrasonic array sensor holder 6 by calculating the movement distance of the movement amount measuring device 9 and driving control of the motor 10, and thereby controls the first and second ultrasonic array sensors. 4 and 5 are controlled. The calculation result of the moving distance is transmitted to the flaw detection controller 13, and is used for the flaw detection result display and the defect occurrence range recording in the flaw detection controller 13. The ultrasonic array sensor holder 6 can be self-propelled by a command from the probe movement controller 12.

The flaw detection controller 13 controls the ultrasonic controller 11 and the probe movement controller 12. An ultrasonic wave transmission instruction is sent from the ultrasonic controller 11 to record and record information on the received wave. The defect signal extraction unit extracts a defect signal based on the received wave information. The defect determination unit performs defect determination on the detection signal from the defect signal extraction unit. Further, the movement control unit issues a movement instruction by the probe movement controller 12, receives movement distance information, and records position information of the first and second

ultrasonic array sensors

4 and 5. Also, defect detection determination information based on the received wave information in the ultrasonic controller 11 and inspection based on the positional information of the first and second

ultrasonic array sensors

4 and 5 in the probe movement controller 12. The result is sent to the display 14.

The display unit 14 displays the positions of the first and second

ultrasonic array sensors

4 and 5, flaw detection results, and the like based on the inspection result output information from the flaw detection controller 13.
Example 1
The first embodiment will be described below. In the present embodiment, an example will be described in which a single-vibrator ultrasonic array sensor is used as the ultrasonic array sensor and applied to a welded portion inspection between plate members. As an inspection target, a structure in which plate members are joined together by welding is assumed, and defects are present inside the weld bead.

2 to 4 show the configuration of the ultrasonic array sensor of this embodiment. As the ultrasonic array sensor used in the ultrasonic inspection, a single transducer type ultrasonic array sensor is used, and is arranged on the surface of the plate material so as to face each other with the welded portion 1 interposed therebetween as shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view (B-B ′ cross section in FIG. 2) of the ultrasonic array sensor holder 6 in the direction intersecting the weld line. The

plate members

3a and 3b are joined by a welded portion 1 which is a joining bead, and the cross section of the welded portion 1 has a shape similar to a sector shape with the surplus on the upper side (the mounting surface side of the ultrasonic array probe). ing. On the left side of the lower end of the welded portion 1 (on the opposite side to the groove) on the paper surface, there is a defect 2 that is an unattached portion of the weld. In the ultrasonic inspection of this embodiment, the purpose is to detect the defect 2 described above, and for this purpose, the ultrasonic array sensor is arranged so that the ultrasonic wave is incident on the defect from an oblique direction. Inside the first and second

ultrasonic array sensors

4 and 5,

ultrasonic array transducers

4a and 5a, which are aggregates of elements that transmit and receive ultrasonic waves, are installed. The

ultrasonic array transducers

4a and 5a are composed of a plurality of arranged transducers, and the ultrasonic wave transmission direction and the focal position can be adjusted by electronic scanning for adjusting the voltage time applied to the transducers. Therefore, even if the

ultrasonic array transducers

4a and 5a are installed parallel to the surfaces of the

plate members

3a and 3b, ultrasonic waves can be incident on the welded portion 1 at an angle. In this embodiment, in order to increase the incident intensity of the ultrasonic wave 15 to the plate material and the welded portion, a wedge-shaped member (wedge 16 shown in FIG. 3) is installed at the lower part of the vibrator to tilt the ultrasonic array vibrator. . In the present embodiment, the wedge 16 is built in the ultrasonic array sensor to reduce the size.

According to the present embodiment, this shortens the inspection time and simplifies the mechanism configuration and control in only one direction of the scanning range of the probe.

On the other hand, when a transmitted ultrasonic wave reflected or diffracted by a feature point such as a defect or a shape corner of an object to be inspected is received by an ultrasonic array transducer, the difference in reception time between the transducers and the in-test material The position of the reflection source can be specified from the speed of sound. Such an ultrasonic transmission and reception method is called a phased array method.

∙ Ultrasonic waves can be scanned by programming and changing the applied voltage time described above. Thereby, the inspection range can be shortened because a wide range can be inspected by minimizing the moving range of the ultrasonic array sensor. In the case of this embodiment, the electronic scanning conditions of the ultrasonic array sensor can be optimized and the optimum scanning conditions that can inspect the defects assumed in the welded portion can be determined, so that the inspection time can be shortened. . In addition, in order to inspect a wide range without performing forward / reverse (Y direction) scanning of the ultrasonic array sensor, it is desirable to perform an evaluation by a sector scan method in which an ultrasonic beam is scanned in a fan shape around the position of the ultrasonic array sensor.

In FIG. 3, points O ₁ and O ₂ are intersections between a perpendicular drawn from the transducer that transmits the ultrasonic wave to the surface of the inspection object and the surface of the inspection object, and are sector-shaped obtained by the sector scan method. This is the position corresponding to the key of the ultrasonic image.

FIG. 4 shows a C-C ′ cross section in FIG. Although the X direction is the longitudinal direction of the weld line, the defect length L is the distance in the X direction, and the defect height H is the distance in the Z direction. The defect length L is obtained by measuring the moving distance of the ultrasonic array sensor in the X direction, while the defect height H is calculated from the ultrasonic reflection signal. The defect height measurement will be described later.

Next, the ultrasonic transmission and reception methods will be described. The ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus of the present embodiment has a function of executing the first flaw detection method and the second flaw detection method. The first flaw detection method is flaw detection using only one of the pair of ultrasonic array sensors, that is, only the first ultrasonic array sensor 4 or the second ultrasonic array sensor 5. As shown in FIG. 3, an ultrasonic wave 15a is transmitted from the ultrasonic array transducer 4a, a reflected ultrasonic wave (reflected echo) at the defect 2 is received by the ultrasonic array transducer 4a, and the received ultrasonic wave. The presence or absence of a defect is determined by analyzing the reflected echo signal obtained from the above. When only the ultrasonic array sensor 5 is used, an ultrasonic wave 15b is transmitted from the ultrasonic array transducer 5a, a reflected ultrasonic wave at the defect 2 is received by the ultrasonic array transducer 5a, and a reflected echo obtained. The presence or absence of a defect is determined based on the signal. The first flaw detection method is a defect detection method based on the ultrasonic reflection method, but the signal intensity of the reflected ultrasonic wave from the defect changes depending on the defect occurrence position and the defect direction with respect to the weld. Therefore, the reflected echo is detected by using both the first ultrasonic array sensor 4 and the second ultrasonic array sensor 5, and the accuracy of defect determination is enhanced by using both reflected echo signals for defect determination.

The second flaw detection method is flaw detection using both two single-element ultrasonic array sensors. FIG. 5 schematically shows an ultrasonic propagation path in the second flaw detection method. The ultrasonic wave transmitted from the ultrasonic array transducer 4a is diffracted by the defect 2, and reaches the ultrasonic array transducer 5a through the path indicated by 15c in FIG. 5 as an ultrasonic diffraction wave. The first ultrasonic array sensor 4 may detect the ultrasonic diffraction echoes transmitted from the second ultrasonic array sensor 5 by reversing the transmission and reception. The echo received through the path 15d in FIG. 5, that is, the reflected wave from the position projected on the plate 3a at the upper end of the defect 2 (that is, the back surface of the plate) is detected, and the ultrasonic diffraction wave The height H of the defect 2 (the length of the defect with respect to the depth direction of the plate material) can be measured by measuring the distance difference in the Z direction between the two signals of the echo signal 15c and the ultrasonic diffracted wave 15d. A reflection echo from the back surface of the plate material is referred to as a back surface echo.

Here, the calculation method of the defect height H will be described in detail.

The object of ultrasonic flaw detection has a relatively simple shape such as a plate or hollow shape, and the position information of the position where ultrasonic reflection due to physical dimensions such as thickness and groove or shape occurs is the start of flaw detection. I know before. Therefore, an appropriate reference position (for example, the surface of the face plate) is set on the target, and the physical position information of the position where the reflection due to the shape occurs and the reflected echo signal from the reflection position are used. The relative position information of the ultrasonic array sensor with respect to the position where the reflection occurs is acquired.

Next, using the reflected echo signal or diffraction echo signal from the defect and the relative position information of the ultrasonic array sensor, the relative position information of the defect with respect to the ultrasonic array sensor is acquired. Once the relative position information of the ultrasonic array sensor with respect to the reference position and the relative position information of the defect are known, the distance between the position where the reflection due to the shape occurs and the defect can be found by taking the difference between the two. . In the case of a plate material, the position where reflection due to the shape occurs is the back surface of the plate material immediately below the defect (in the case of the double skin shape material of Example 2, the interface G between the back plate and the face plate directly below the defect). Therefore, the defect height H can be calculated by measuring the distance of the back surface echo and the distance of the diffraction echo at the upper end of the defect or the reflected echo signal from the defect.

Next, the defect determination method will be described.

FIG. 6 shows a display example of the inspection result displayed on the display 14. In this embodiment, the inspection result is displayed using four images S1 to S4.

The image of S1 is a sector scan image in the first flaw detection method. Ultrasonic waves are transmitted from the ultrasonic array transducer 4a, and reflected ultrasonic waves from the defect 2 are received by the ultrasonic array transducer 4a. The flaw detection result by the ultrasonic wave 15a is displayed. Here, how to read the sector scan image will be described. In flaw detection image indicated by fan-shaped, it indicates the position of the ultrasonic array probe upper left vertex portion O ₁ is reception, Y-direction represents the horizontal distance to the reflection source from the ultrasonic array sensor, -Z direction The vertical direction indicated by indicates the depth from the ultrasonic array sensor to the reflection source. Therefore, the sector scan image clearly shows the positional relationship between the ultrasonic array sensor and the reflection source. In the image of S1, two echoes received by the system shown in FIG. 4 are displayed, but E1 is an ultrasonic echo caused by a defect, and the E1 echo does not appear in a portion having no defect. E2 is an ultrasonic echo caused by the welding back wave. Here, the welding back wave is a well-shaped corrugated weld pool formed on the back side in welding performed from only one side, and becomes an ultrasonic wave reflection source.

Since the cross-sectional shape of the inspection target of the present embodiment is substantially constant in the longitudinal direction of the welded portion and the back wave is generated due to the shape of the member to be inspected, the ultrasonic wave incident position should be the same in the YZ plane. E2 always appears at the same position, so the ultrasonic echo E2 is a reference for confirming whether the ultrasonic array sensor is operating normally when the ultrasonic array probe is moved along the weld line. Can be used as a signal.

S2 is another sector scan image obtained by the first flaw detection method, in which an ultrasonic wave is transmitted from the ultrasonic array transducer 5a and a reflected ultrasonic wave from the defect 2 is received by the ultrasonic array transducer 5a. A flaw detection image by the waved ultrasonic wave 15b is displayed. In the image of S2, two echoes received by the system shown in FIG. 4 are displayed. However, since E1 and E2 are close to each other, it is difficult to distinguish between a defect echo and a back echo. Here, since the reason why E1 and E2 approach is an image based on reception by the ultrasonic array sensor 4 in the S1 image, an echo from the w1 surface at the welding back wave is displayed as E2. On the other hand, since the S2 image is an image based on reception by the ultrasonic array sensor 5, an echo from the w2 surface at the welding back wave close to the defect 2 is displayed as E2. For this reason, since E2 is a reflection echo from the welding back wave, the reflection surface is different, so that E1 and E2 are closer to each other on the S2 screen.

¡In the actual weld, the position where the defect occurs cannot be predicted, and it is not known whether the defect exists on the left or right of the center line of the weld 1. In addition, there may be a defect on both the left and right sides of the center line or a plurality of defects, and it may not be possible to determine whether the defect is a defect only by S1 and S2.

Therefore, the determination using the image of S3 obtained by the second flaw detection method is performed. S3 is a sector scan image obtained by the second flaw detection method. Ultrasonic waves are transmitted from the ultrasonic array transducer 4a, and ultrasonic diffracted waves generated at the tip of the defect 2 shown in FIG. It is a flaw detection image at the time of receiving with the array transducer | vibrator 5a. In this case, two echoes appear, E1 is an ultrasonic echo detected through the path 15c shown in FIG. 5, and E3 is an ultrasonic echo detected through the path 15d. Like E2, E3 is also an ultrasonic echo due to the shape, so it always occurs regardless of the presence or absence of defects.

For the E2 or E3 echo that is always displayed in the images from S1 to S3, a defect echo attention area having a certain width set in the vicinity of the weld groove shape line is set, and the defect in the obtained image information Defect determination is performed using only image information within the echo area of interest. A1 to A3 in S1 to S3 are defect echo attention areas, which correspond to regions indicated by dotted lines in FIG. In the above area, the E1 echo is detected, and when it is detected at S1 or S2 and detected at S3, it is determined as “defective”. The determination result is displayed on the screen S4.

In S4, defect determination information is displayed based on the screens from S1 to S3. In this embodiment, the horizontal axis is the flaw detection position (position in the X direction in FIG. 1), and the vertical axis is pass (no defect, OK) and fail (defective, NG). indicate.

As described above, in ultrasonic flaw detection of welds, the generated back wave shows the same behavior as the reflected wave from the defect, which may make it difficult to determine the defect. In the ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus or the ultrasonic flaw detection method of this embodiment, since the diffracted wave that is a signal peculiar to the defect is used, the defect determination accuracy is improved. Since the inspection pattern switching between the first flaw detection method and the second flaw detection method is performed by electrical switching of the phased array method, the inspection time does not increase. Further, since the signal intensity of the diffracted wave is weak, the detection accuracy is improved by using it in combination with the first flaw detection method as compared with the defect identification based only on the echo signal caused by the diffracted wave.

Next, the cooperative operation of the drive system and control system of the ultrasonic flaw detector will be described. The operation and control procedure of the ultrasonic flaw detector described above will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the contents of control processing in the ultrasonic flaw detector according to the present embodiment. This control process is performed based on a program stored in advance in the internal memory of the ultrasonic controller 11, the probe movement controller 12, and the flaw detection controller 13.

First, at the start of the inspection in step S100, the ultrasonic controller 11 and the probe movement control are performed with appropriate inspection conditions taking into account the state of the inspection section (for example, plate material, plate thickness, weld groove shape, etc.). Is set in the instrument 12 and the flaw detection controller 13. Further, the threshold value P _{0 for} determining the received signal strength in step S140 or the defect height threshold value H used for determining the defect height in step S180 is determined by the operation of the program stored in the memory of the flaw detection controller 13. Set ₀ . Here, since the signal intensity of the ultrasonic reflected wave increases as the defect becomes larger, the threshold value P ₀ of the received signal intensity level is determined in advance by ultrasonic inspection for the defect dimension H ₀ that is harmful in terms of structural strength. Find and store it in memory. Moreover, the movement amount for each flaw detection step of the ultrasonic array sensor is set.

In step S110, the ultrasonic array sensor holder 6 is moved to the inspection measurement position. At this time, at the start of inspection, the ultrasonic array sensor holder 6 is set to the start position of the inspection object. The 1st and 2nd

ultrasonic array sensors

4 and 5 are arrange | positioned facing each other so that a welding part may be pinched | interposed. Further, when the inspection is in progress, in response to the instruction from the probe movement controller 12, the movement is performed in the long axis direction of the weld line by the movement amount for each flaw detection step set in step S100.

In step S120, the ultrasonic array sensor 4 is used to irradiate and receive an ultrasonic beam. Here, a process of receiving ultrasonic waves from the ultrasonic array sensor 4 and receiving reflected ultrasonic waves from the defect 2 by the ultrasonic array sensor 4, which is a first flaw detection method, is performed.

In step S130, the ultrasonic array sensor 5 is used to irradiate and receive an ultrasonic beam. Here, as a first flaw detection method, a process of transmitting an ultrasonic wave from the ultrasonic array 5 sensor and receiving a reflected ultrasonic wave from the defect 2 by the ultrasonic array sensor 5 is performed.

In step S140, the ultrasonic array sensor 4 and the ultrasonic array sensor 5 are used to irradiate and receive an ultrasonic beam. Here, as the second flaw detection method, an ultrasonic wave is transmitted from the ultrasonic array sensor 4 and a reflected ultrasonic wave at the defect 2 is received by the ultrasonic array sensor 5.

In step S150, the signals received in step S120, step S130, and step S140 are calculated and displayed. That is, the received signal is calculated by the flaw detection controller 13, and the images of S1, S2, and S3 shown in FIG.

In step S160, defect signal detection processing is performed. The defect signal extraction unit of the flaw detection controller 13 performs the process of extracting the reflected wave signal intensity of the defect 2 from the result of step S150. As described in the description of the defect determination method using FIG. 6, in this ultrasonic flaw detection, the defect echo E1 is generated in the vicinity of the echo E2 from the welding back wave D. Therefore, the maximum value P of the received wave signal intensity in the vicinity of the echo E2 is extracted.

In step S170, the defect determination unit of the flaw detection controller 13 performs the reflected wave signal amplitude determination. Here, the maximum value P of the received wave signal intensity in the vicinity of the echo E2 extracted in step S160 is compared with the threshold value P ₀ for determining the received signal intensity. When the echo signal intensity exceeds the threshold value P ₀ , it is determined that the defect is harmful in terms of structural strength, and it is necessary to perform defect height measurement as a second flaw detection method. Therefore, if the received wave amplitude is P <P ₀ in this determination, it is determined that there is no defect, and the process of step S180 is performed. If the received wave amplitude is P ≧ P ₀ , it is determined that there is a suspicion of a defect, and the process proceeds to step S210.

In step S180, the defect determination unit of the flaw detection controller 13 determines that there is no defect, and the result is displayed on the “OK” portion of the display unit 14 as shown in the S4 screen of FIG.

In step S190, the ultrasonic array sensor position is determined. If the ultrasonic array sensor has reached the end of the member to be inspected by the processing of the flaw detection controller 13, the inspection is terminated and the processing of step S200 is performed. However, if the ultrasonic array sensor has not reached the end of the member to be inspected, the process proceeds to step S110, and after moving by a specified amount, flaw detection at a new point is repeated.

If it is determined in step S170 that there is a suspicion of a defect, a defect height calculation process in step S210 is performed. Here, the defect determination unit of the flaw detection controller 13 obtains the defect height calculation process based on the S3 image of FIG. 6 by the method described in the second flaw detection method. That is, as described in the explanation of FIG. 6, the defect height H is calculated by obtaining the difference in the Z direction between the two signals on the S3 screen.

In step S220, the defect height is determined. The defect determination unit of the flaw detection controller 13 compares the defect height H obtained in step S210 with the defect size H ₀ harmful to the structural strength set in step S100 as a threshold value. If H <H ₀ in this comparison determination, it is determined that the defect is small and there is no structurally harmful defect, and the process of step S180 is performed. Further, if H ≧ H _0, is determined as a defect height is large structurally detrimental defects than a threshold routine to proceed to step S230.

In step S230, the defect determination unit of the flaw detection controller 13 processes the portion determined to be defective based on the defect height determination result as a failure, and the “NG” portion of the display unit 14 as shown in the S4 screen of FIG. To display the results. Then, the process after step S180 is performed.

As described above, the ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus or the flaw detection method of the present embodiment realizes an apparatus / method that can quickly measure a weld defect even if there is a surplus weld. Further, by performing defect determination using both the reflection echo and the diffraction echo, it becomes possible to detect a defect with much higher accuracy than when performing defect determination using only the reflection echo.
(Example 2)
Next, a second embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, an example will be described in which an ultrasonic flaw detector equipped with a two-element ultrasonic array sensor is applied to a weld inspection of a panel structure in which extruded hollow members are joined by welding. The ultrasonic inspection of the welded portion of the panel structure by the extruded hollow shape material can be inspected by the ultrasonic inspection apparatus according to the first embodiment, but the inspection by the ultrasonic inspection apparatus according to the second embodiment described below is more effective. Is.

FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a railway vehicle structure as an example of a structure constituted by a panel structure. Rail vehicles such as a railway vehicle structure 901 are often manufactured by standing a side structure 901, a wife structure 902, and a roof structure 903 on a frame 904 and joining them together by welding. These weld lines are as shown by a one-dot chain line in FIG.

The side structure 901, the end structure 902, the roof structure 903, or the base frame 904 is usually formed by joining long plate materials or hollow shapes that are extruded in the width direction. A method such as welding or friction stir welding (FSW) is used for joining the plate member or the hollow member. In FIG. 8, the joining lines of the constituent members of the side structure 901 are indicated by 905, the joining lines of the constituent members of the roof structure 903 are indicated by 906, and the joining lines of the constituent members of the end structure 902 are indicated by 907.

In order to explain the constituent members of each structure, a cross section of the panel constituting the side structure is shown in the lower right of FIG. The side structure 903 of this embodiment is configured by joining extruded

hollow shapes

908 and 909 by welding, and after joining, the surface of the welded portion 1 is ground and smoothed by a grinder. When each of the above structures is composed of a plate material (including accompanying beams and columns), the structure is a bone skin structure, and when it is composed of an extruded hollow shape material, it is referred to as a double skin structure. It is necessary to inspect each joint line of a structure or a weld line between structures.

FIG. 9 schematically shows a state in which the ultrasonic flaw detector according to the present embodiment is arranged when the panel structure shown in the lower part of FIG. 8 is inspected. The double skin structure panel to be inspected in the present embodiment is formed by fitting extruded

hollow shapes

908 and 909 and welding the upper and lower groove portions thereof. The extruded hollow member 908 has a structure in which a pair of face plates (one face plate is referred to as a face plate 910) is connected by a rib 912. On the other hand, the extruded hollow shape member 909 has a structure in which a pair of face plates (one face plate is referred to as a face plate 911) is connected by a rib 913, but a plate projecting further outward from the lower portion of the end portion of the face plate 911. A portion 914 is provided. The plate portion 914 is fitted into a concave portion formed by the face plate 910 and the rib 912 when the extruded

hollow shape member

908 and 909 are abutted for bonding, and acts as a back plate of the face plate 910 during welding. . Therefore, the extruded hollow member 908 is a female side member, and the extruded hollow member 909 is a male member. Further, since the panel structure shown in FIG. 9 is in a state before finish grinding by the grinder, the welded portion 1 still has a surplus.

An ultrasonic array probe is disposed on the panel structure so as to straddle the weld 1. The overall configuration of the ultrasonic flaw detector is the same as the configuration described with reference to FIG. 1, and therefore description of portions having the same function / structure will not be repeated.

Next, the two-element ultrasonic array sensor that is a feature of this embodiment will be described. FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the

ultrasonic array sensors

4 and 5 shown in FIG. 1 as a top view as viewed from the weld line. The dual transducer type ultrasonic array sensor is a sensor that uses an ultrasonic array transducer that transmits ultrasonic waves and an ultrasonic array transducer that receives ultrasonic waves separately. The first ultrasonic array sensor 4 shown in FIG. 10 is the first and second

ultrasonic array transducers

4a and 4b, and the second ultrasonic array sensor 5 is the first and second ultrasonic array transducers. 5a and 5b (the

ultrasonic array transducers

5a and 5b held by the second ultrasonic array sensor 5 are respectively connected to the third ultrasonic array transducer and the fourth ultrasonic array transducer. You may call it.) When the transmitting ultrasonic array transducer is 4a, for example, the ultrasonic array transducer 4b is used as the receiving ultrasonic array transducer. Switching between the transmitting ultrasonic array transducer and the receiving ultrasonic array transducer is performed by setting on the transmitting side / receiving side of the ultrasonic controller 11.

In a general inspection using a single-element ultrasonic array sensor, when the plate thickness is thin, the ultrasonic wave propagating on the sensor surface layer or the ultrasonic echo that makes multiple reflections inside the wedge is applied to the plate material. In some cases, the defect may not be sufficiently identified by overlapping with the reflected wave signal from the defect that has propagated back. The face plate thickness of the extruded hollow shape member generally used for the railway vehicle structure is about 3 mm, and the defect identification may be insufficient in the inspection using the single transducer ultrasonic array sensor as in the first embodiment. In the case of using a two-element ultrasonic array sensor, the roles of transmission and reception are separated, and an acoustic shielding plate 17 is installed between the two ultrasonic array transducers, thereby providing an ultrasonic array transducer. There is no leakage of ultrasonic waves, and the reflected wave signal from the defect can be received more clearly. As a result, it is possible to clearly receive the reflected wave signal from the defect without receiving the ultrasonic wave propagating through the sensor surface layer or the multiple echo reflected in the wedge, and even if the plate thickness is thin Can be identified.

When using a two-element ultrasonic array sensor, in order to increase the reception intensity of the ultrasonic wave, it has a roof angle so that the sound axis that is the main axis of the ultrasonic wave propagation direction intersects at the assumed reflection source position. Install. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along D-D ′ of the ultrasonic array sensor 4 shown in FIG. 10 (corresponding to the ZX plane). The inclination of the roof angle is performed by inclining the

ultrasonic array transducers

4a and 4b in the central direction in the ZX cross section shown in FIG. At this time, the sound axis in the ultrasonic propagation direction is designed to intersect at the sensor central portion and the assumed defect position. For this reason, in the ultrasonic array sensor of the present embodiment, the first wedge-shaped member 16a is provided below the first ultrasonic array transducer, and the second wedge is provided below the second ultrasonic array transducer. Each of the shaped members 16b is installed and needs to be designed so that the normal direction of the ultrasonic array transducer surface intersects at the target position of the weld. For this reason, a structure in which both the ultrasonic array transducer surfaces are inclined in the facing direction is adopted. Note that the first wedge-shaped member 16a and the second wedge-shaped member 16 both have a wedge shape in the YZ section as in FIG. 3 of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12 described later.

Next, ultrasonic transmission and reception systems will be described with reference to FIGS. Similar to the first embodiment, even when a two-element ultrasonic array sensor is used, two patterns of flaw detection methods can be executed: a first flaw detection method and a second flaw detection method.

The first flaw detection method is flaw detection using one of the two-element ultrasonic array sensors, that is, the

ultrasonic array sensor

4 or 5. When the ultrasonic array sensor 4 is used, ultrasonic waves are transmitted from the ultrasonic array transducer 4a, and reflected ultrasonic waves from the defect 2 are received by the ultrasonic array transducer 4b. In the present embodiment, the two-element ultrasonic array sensor 5 is also used for the inspection. That is, ultrasonic waves are transmitted from the ultrasonic array transducer 5a, and reflected ultrasonic waves from the defect 2 are received by the ultrasonic array transducer 5b. The ultrasonic propagation paths described above are shown as

ultrasonic paths

15a and 15b in FIG.

The second flaw detection method is flaw detection using two two-element

ultrasonic array sensors

4 and 5. For example, by transmitting ultrasonic waves from the ultrasonic array transducer 4a and receiving ultrasonic diffracted waves generated at the defect 2 by the ultrasonic array transducer 5b, echoes of diffracted ultrasonic waves can be detected. . The ultrasonic propagation path described above is shown as an ultrasonic path 15c in FIG. In this method, the roles of transmission and reception can be reversed, and a combination of the

ultrasonic array transducers

5a and 4b is also possible. Since the inspection pattern switching between the first flaw detection method and the second flaw detection method is performed by electrical switching of the phased array method, the inspection time does not increase, and the diffracted wave has a weak signal intensity. As described in the first embodiment, the defect determination accuracy is improved when the method and the second flaw detection method are used in combination. Moreover, the height of the defect can be measured simultaneously with the presence or absence of the defect.

Next, a method for determining a defect when a structure having a double skin structure is detected will be described. In this embodiment, the defect determination is performed using the three pieces of image information S1 to S3 obtained by the first flaw detection method and the second flaw detection method.

First, a sector scan of the welded portion 1 by the first ultrasonic array sensor 4 and the second ultrasonic array sensor 5 is independently performed at a predetermined position in the longitudinal direction (X direction) of the welded portion 1, and S1 and S2 are performed. Obtain image information sequentially. Thereafter, the ultrasonic controller 11 switches between the transmitting-side array transducer and the receiving-side array transducer of the first ultrasonic array sensor 4 and the second ultrasonic array sensor 5, and the first ultrasonic array A sector scan of the welded portion 1 is performed by the sensor 4 and the second ultrasonic array sensor 5, and the image information of S3 is acquired.

Here, when the first flaw detection method is executed, an echo of reflected ultrasonic waves caused by the joint portion shape indicated by F in FIG. 12A is detected in S1. The propagation path of this reflected ultrasonic wave is 15e shown in FIG. This is an echo that is always observed when an extruded hollow member having the shape of the present embodiment is used, and can be used as a position reference in the YZ section. For example, the defect occurrence position can be calculated from the coordinates of the E1 echo and can be fed back to the specification of the repair position and the improvement of the welding conditions.

Similarly, when the second flaw detection method is executed, an echo of reflected ultrasonic waves caused by the interface between the face plate 910 and the back plate 914 indicated by G in FIG. 12B is always observed in S3. The contact surface between the face plate 910 and the back plate 914 is a portion where welding is not performed and is an unwelded portion. Therefore, since an interface is formed, ultrasonic waves are reflected. The propagation path of this reflected ultrasonic wave is shown as 15d in FIG. Since this echo is also an echo due to the shape, it can be used as a position reference in the YZ cross section.

At the time of defect determination, if all the image information from S1 to S3 is used, the calculation processing load of the flaw detection controller 13 increases. Therefore, an appropriate defect echo attention area is set, and only information included in this area is used. Defect determination is performed. In this embodiment, rectangles A4 to A6 indicated by dotted lines in FIG. 12 correspond to physical defect echo attention areas. In the above-described area, an echo caused by a defect is detected, and when it is detected at S1 or S2 and detected at S3, it is determined that there is a defect.

FIG. 13 shows a display example of the inspection result displayed on the display 14 in this embodiment.

The image of S1 is a sector scan image by the first flaw detection method described above, and an ultrasonic wave is transmitted from the first ultrasonic array transducer 4a (on the first ultrasonic array sensor side) and reflected by the defect 2 It is a flaw detection result by an ultrasonic signal received by the second ultrasonic array transducer 4b. A rectangle A4 in the image of S1 is a defect echo attention area. E1 is a reflected echo caused by the defect, and E4 is a reflected echo caused by the shape of the joint portion F described above. Since the E1 echo does not appear in the portion having no defect, only one ultrasonic echo E4 is observed.

S2 is a sector scan image obtained when the first flaw detection method is performed by the ultrasonic array transducer 5a, and the ultrasonic scan is performed from the first ultrasonic array transducer 5a (on the second ultrasonic array sensor side). This is a flaw detection result by an ultrasonic signal in which a sound wave is transmitted and a reflected ultrasonic wave at the defect 2 is received by the second ultrasonic array transducer 5b.

Since the shape echo of the fitting portion as shown in F of FIG. 13 is not generated in the image of S2, an echo is generated only when there is a defect in the defect echo attention area A5.

Similar to the first embodiment, since the defect occurrence position cannot be predicted in an actual welded portion, the determination using the image of S3 obtained by the second flaw detection method is performed. S3 is a sector scan image in the second flaw detection method, and transmits a ultrasonic wave from the first ultrasonic array transducer 4a on the first ultrasonic array sensor side, and a diffracted wave generated in the defect 2 Is a flaw detection image obtained by receiving the signal by the second ultrasonic array transducer 5b on the second ultrasonic array sensor side. In this case, there are two echoes, E1 which is a diffraction echo caused by a defect, and E3 which is a reflection echo at the interface G. Accordingly, even in S3, only one ultrasonic echo is observed in a portion having no defect. Further, the defect height H can be calculated by measuring the difference between the two signals in the Z direction. In S4, defect determination information is displayed based on the screens from S1 to S3. In this embodiment, the horizontal axis is the flaw detection position (X-direction position in FIG. 1), and the vertical axis is pass (no defect, OK) and fail (defective, NG). indicate. When the inspection result is displayed here, as shown in FIG. 1C, when the inspection result is superimposed on the three-dimensional shape diagram of the panel structure and displayed on S4 or another screen, the defect distribution is visually grasped. This improves the usability of the device.

Note that the cooperative operation of the drive system and the control system of the ultrasonic flaw detector is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus will not be described in particular.

As described above, according to the ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus or the welding inspection method of this embodiment, since a pair of two-transducer ultrasonic array sensors are used, inspection can be performed even when the plate thickness is thin. And the second flaw detection method can be used together to improve the defect determination accuracy. Further, the defect position can be calculated by utilizing the echo caused by the fitting part shape F or the interface G, and the defect occurrence position can be measured with high accuracy.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Welding part 2

Welding defect

3a,

3b Plate material

4, 5

Ultrasonic array sensor

4a, 4b, 5a, 5b Ultrasonic array vibrator 6 Ultrasonic array sensor holder 7 Ultrasonic array sensor fixing screw 8 Tire 9 Movement measuring instrument DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Motor 11 Ultrasonic controller 12 Probe movement controller 13 Flaw detection controller 14

Indicator

15, 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, 15e Ultrasonic wave 16 Wedge 17 Acoustic shielding plate 100-230 Work step 901 Side structure 902 Wife Structure 903 Roof structure 904 Underframe 904
905, 906, 907 Joining

line

908, 909 Extruded

hollow shape member

910, 911

Face plate

912, 913 Rib 914 Plate part A1 to A6 Defect echo attention range E1 Ultrasonic echo E2 caused by defect Ultrasonic echo caused by welding back wave E3 Ultrasonic echo due to the bottom of the plate material E4 Ultrasonic echo due to the fitting part shape F Fitting part G Unwelded interface between the face plate and the back plate S1 to S4 Inspection result image

Claims

In the ultrasonic flaw detector for inspecting the welded part between members,
A first ultrasonic array sensor and a second ultrasonic array sensor, each including an ultrasonic array transducer that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves to the weld, and is disposed across the weld;
An ultrasonic array sensor holder that maintains a constant distance between the first and second ultrasonic array sensors and moves the first and second ultrasonic array sensors along the longitudinal direction of the weld; ,
An ultrasonic controller that converts ultrasonic waves received by the ultrasonic array transducer into echo signals, and a flaw detection controller that detects defects in the weld using the echo signals,
An ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus for inspecting the welded portion by moving the ultrasonic array sensor holder in a longitudinal direction of the welded portion.
The ultrasonic flaw detector according to claim 1,
A reflected echo signal obtained by receiving the reflected wave of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the first ultrasonic array transducer to the welded portion by the first ultrasonic array transducer;
Using the diffraction echo signal obtained by receiving the diffracted wave of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the first ultrasonic array transducer to the welded portion with the second ultrasonic array sensor, the welded portion Ultrasonic flaw detector characterized by performing inspection.
The ultrasonic flaw detector according to claim 1,
The flaw detection controller
For the defect detected by the inspection, the height of the defect is determined by using an echo signal obtained due to the defect and an echo signal from the vicinity of the bottom of the welded portion obtained due to the shape of the member. An ultrasonic flaw detector characterized in that the measurement is performed.
The ultrasonic flaw detector according to claim 1,
The first ultrasonic array sensor and the second ultrasonic array sensor are respectively provided with a first ultrasonic array transducer and a second ultrasonic array that are independently provided in the front-rear direction with respect to the longitudinal direction of the welded portion. An ultrasonic flaw detector characterized by being a two-vibrator ultrasonic array sensor including a vibrator.
The ultrasonic flaw detector according to claim 4,
The first ultrasonic array sensor and the second ultrasonic array sensor each include an acoustic shielding plate provided between the first ultrasonic array transducer and the second ultrasonic array transducer. Ultrasonic flaw detector.
The ultrasonic flaw detector according to claim 4,
A first wedge-shaped member for placing the first ultrasonic array sensor; and a second wedge-shaped member for placing the second ultrasonic array sensor;
The first wedge-shaped member and the second wedge-shaped member are in a direction in which both ultrasonic array transducer surfaces face each other so that the normal direction of the ultrasonic array transducer surface intersects at the target position of the welded portion. An ultrasonic flaw detector characterized by having an inclined structure and being disposed in the first ultrasonic array sensor or the second ultrasonic array sensor forward and backward with respect to the longitudinal direction of the welded portion.
The ultrasonic flaw detector according to claim 4,
The second ultrasonic array transducer disposed on the first ultrasonic array sensor side by transmitting ultrasonic waves transmitted from the first ultrasonic array transducer disposed on the first ultrasonic array sensor side Reflected echo signal obtained by receiving at
A third ultrasonic array transducer disposed on the second ultrasonic array sensor side transmits ultrasonic waves transmitted from the first ultrasonic array transducer disposed on the first ultrasonic array sensor side. An ultrasonic flaw detector which inspects the welded portion using a diffraction echo signal obtained by receiving a wave at.
The ultrasonic flaw detector according to claim 1 or 3,
An ultrasonic flaw detector comprising: a display for displaying an inspection result of the welded portion superimposed on a three-dimensional shape of the member.
In the ultrasonic flaw detection method for inspecting the welded part between members,
Arranging the first ultrasonic array sensor and the second ultrasonic array sensor so as to straddle the weld,
A reflected echo signal obtained by receiving the reflected wave of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the first ultrasonic array transducer to the welded portion by the first ultrasonic array transducer;
Using the diffraction echo signal obtained by receiving the diffracted wave of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the first ultrasonic array transducer to the welded portion with the second ultrasonic array sensor, the welded portion Ultrasonic flaw detection method characterized by performing inspection.
The ultrasonic flaw detection method according to claim 9,
The flaw detection controller
For the defect detected by the inspection, the height of the defect is determined by using an echo signal obtained due to the defect and an echo signal from the vicinity of the bottom of the welded portion obtained due to the shape of the member. An ultrasonic flaw detection method characterized by performing measurement.
The ultrasonic flaw detection method according to claim 9,
As the first ultrasonic array sensor and the second ultrasonic array sensor, a first ultrasonic array transducer and a second ultrasonic array provided independently in the front-rear direction with respect to the longitudinal direction of the welded portion, respectively. An ultrasonic flaw detection method using a two-vibrator ultrasonic array sensor including a vibrator.
The ultrasonic flaw detection method according to claim 11,
The second ultrasonic array transducer disposed on the first ultrasonic array sensor side by transmitting ultrasonic waves transmitted from the first ultrasonic array transducer disposed on the first ultrasonic array sensor side Reflected echo signal obtained by receiving at
A third ultrasonic array transducer disposed on the second ultrasonic array sensor side transmits ultrasonic waves transmitted from the first ultrasonic array transducer disposed on the first ultrasonic array sensor side. An ultrasonic flaw detection method, comprising: inspecting the welded portion using a diffraction echo signal obtained by receiving a wave at a point.
A first panel including a first face plate and a first rib provided on the face plate, a second face plate, a second rib provided on the second face plate, and a lower portion of the second face plate And a second panel provided with a back plate protruding outward from the end portion of the second face plate.
The end portions of the first face plate and the second face plate are brought into contact with each other, the back plate is fitted to the first face plate and the first rib, and the first face plate and the second face plate are further fitted. A method for inspecting a welded portion of a panel structure obtained by welding a contact portion of a face plate,
Arranging the first ultrasonic array sensor and the second ultrasonic array sensor across the weld on the surfaces of the first face plate and the second face plate;
Receiving a reflected wave of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the first ultrasonic array sensor to the weld by the first ultrasonic array sensor to obtain a reflected echo signal;
Receiving the diffracted wave of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the first ultrasonic array sensor to the weld by the second ultrasonic array sensor to obtain a diffraction echo signal;
A method for inspecting a welded portion of a panel structure, comprising: detecting defects in the welded portion using the reflected echo signal and the diffraction echo signal.
The method for inspecting a welded portion of a panel structure according to claim 13,
A method of inspecting a welded portion of a panel structure, wherein an echo detected in common with the reflected echo signal and the diffraction echo signal is detected as a defect.
The method for inspecting a welded portion of a panel structure according to claim 13,
A method for inspecting a welded portion of a panel structure, wherein a reflected echo signal from an interface between the first face plate and the back plate is used as a reference signal for detecting a position in the longitudinal direction of the welded portion.
The method for inspecting a welded portion of a panel structure according to claim 13,
A method for inspecting a welded portion of a panel structure, comprising: measuring a height of the defect using a reflected echo signal from an interface between the first face plate and the back plate and a diffraction echo signal from the defect.
The panel structure welded portion inspection method according to claim 16,
Using the physical position information of the interface with respect to a predetermined reference position (= for example, assuming the face plate surface) and the reflected echo signal from the interface, the first ultrasonic array sensor or the second super array with respect to the interface Obtain the relative position information of the acoustic wave array sensor,
Using the diffraction echo signal or reflected echo signal from the defect and the relative position information, obtaining the relative position information of the defect with respect to the first ultrasonic array sensor or the second ultrasonic array sensor,
The height of the defect is measured by obtaining the relative position information of the defect with respect to the interface from the relative position information of the first ultrasonic array sensor or the second ultrasonic array sensor and the relative position information of the defect. A method for inspecting a welded portion of a panel structure characterized by the above.
In the panel structure body welded portion inspection method according to any one of claims 13 to 17,
A method for inspecting a welded portion of a panel structure, wherein the inspection result of the welded portion is displayed superimposed on a three-dimensional shape of the panel structure.