WO2014198201A1 - 基于布里渊动态光栅的光谱分析装置及其分析方法 - Google Patents

基于布里渊动态光栅的光谱分析装置及其分析方法 Download PDF

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WO2014198201A1
WO2014198201A1 PCT/CN2014/079418 CN2014079418W WO2014198201A1 WO 2014198201 A1 WO2014198201 A1 WO 2014198201A1 CN 2014079418 W CN2014079418 W CN 2014079418W WO 2014198201 A1 WO2014198201 A1 WO 2014198201A1
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port
polarization
incident
beam splitter
fiber
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PCT/CN2014/079418
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English (en)
French (fr)
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董永康
姜桃飞
周登望
吕志伟
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哈尔滨工业大学
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Priority to US14/909,948 priority Critical patent/US9581495B2/en
Publication of WO2014198201A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014198201A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
    • G01J3/18—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators using diffraction elements, e.g. grating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
    • G01J3/0218—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using optical fibers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
    • G01J3/0224—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using polarising or depolarising elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/44—Raman spectrometry; Scattering spectrometry ; Fluorescence spectrometry
    • G01J3/4412—Scattering spectrometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
    • G01J2003/1291—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators polarised, birefringent
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/636—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited using an arrangement of pump beam and probe beam; using the measurement of optical non-linear properties
    • G01N2021/638—Brillouin effect, e.g. stimulated Brillouin effect

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spectrum analysis device based on Brillouin dynamic grating and an analysis method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of spectrum analysis.
  • the key to the spectrum analysis device is how to obtain the high-wavelength resolution of light, and the wavelength resolution of 0.064 pm (8 MHz) can be obtained by reducing the Brillouin gain linewidth (Stefan). Preußler, Andrzej Wiatrek, Kambiz Jamshidi, and Thomas Schneider “Ultrahigh-resolution Spectroscopy Based on the Bandwidth Reduction of Stimulated Brillouin," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 23, 1118-1120, 2011 ) .
  • the highest resolution commercial spectrometer is AP204xB series ultra-high resolution spectrum analyzer provided by APEX of France. It is based on the principle of signal and built-in TLS interference, and its wavelength resolution is only 0.04pm (5MHz).
  • the spectroscopic elements of the spectrometer mainly include a bulk grating and a Fabry-Perot interferometer. Due to the limitation of the process, the length of the grating is limited, which limits the further improvement of the resolution of the spectrometer. In addition, during the fabrication process, the volume grating also limits the resolution and accuracy of the spectrometer due to fabrication defects, and its accuracy can only reach 5pm. -10pm magnitude. Spectrometers using Fabry-Perot interferometers as spectroscopic elements are also limited by the actual fabrication process. Since the measurement range and resolution are a pair of contradictory parameters, it is not guaranteed to achieve high resolution in the case of large measurement ranges. .
  • the invention aims to solve the problem that the spectroscopic component of the existing spectrometer cannot guarantee high resolution under a large measurement range, and provides a spectroscopic analysis device based on Brillouin dynamic grating and an analysis method thereof.
  • the Brillouin dynamic grating-based spectral analysis device of the present invention comprises a laser, a fiber coupler, a first fiber amplifier, a first isolator, a first polarization controller, a second polarization controller, and a single sideband modulator a second fiber amplifier, a second isolator, a third polarization controller, a single mode fiber, a polarization beam splitter, a circulator, a photodetector, a data acquisition card, a fourth polarization controller, and a microwave source,
  • the laser beam emitted by the laser is divided into two pump lights by the fiber coupler, and the first pump light is amplified by the first fiber amplifier and then incident on the first isolator, and the exit light of the first isolator is incident on the first polarization.
  • the controller the first pump light after adjusting the polarization state by the first polarization controller is incident on the A port of the polarization beam splitter; the second pump light is adjusted to the polarization state by the second polarization controller, and then incident on one side
  • the single sideband modulator provides a modulation frequency of a fiber Brillouin frequency shift by a microwave source, and a lower frequency shift light emitted by a single sideband modulator is incident on a second fiber amplifier, amplified by a second fiber amplifier
  • the second pump light is incident on the second isolator, and the exit light of the second isolator is incident on the third polarization controller, and the second pump light is adjusted to the polarization state after the third polarization controller adjusts the polarization state.
  • the output end of the single mode fiber is connected to the C port of the polarization beam splitter;
  • the light path to be measured is adjusted to the polarization state by the fourth polarization controller, and then incident on the A port of the circulator, is incident on the B port of the polarization beam splitter through the B port of the circulator, and is incident on the single mode through the C port of the polarization beam splitter.
  • the optical fiber, the optical path to be measured reflected by the single-mode optical fiber is incident on the C port of the polarization beam splitter, and exits through the B port of the polarization beam splitter, and the optical path to be measured emitted from the B port of the polarization beam splitter is incident on the ring
  • the B port of the device is incident on the optical signal receiving end of the photodetector through the C port of the circulator, and the electrical signal output end of the photodetector is connected to the collecting signal input end of the data collecting card.
  • the first fiber amplifier and the second fiber amplifier are both doped fiber amplifiers.
  • the laser is a tunable laser.
  • a Brillouin dynamic grating based spectral analysis method based on the above Brillouin dynamic grating based spectral analysis device, Adjusting the first polarization controller so that the first pump light passes completely through the A port of the polarization beam splitter and is outputted at the C port of the polarization beam splitter; adjusting the second polarization controller and the third polarization controller to make The two-way pump light and the first pump light are in the same polarization state, so that the stimulated Brillouin scattering of the first pump light and the second pump light in the single-mode fiber is the strongest, forming the strongest Brillouin dynamic grating; Adjusting the fourth polarization controller so that the optical path to be measured completely passes through the B port of the polarization beam splitter and is output by the C port of the polarization beam splitter.
  • the polarization state of the optical path to be measured and the first pump light and the first The polarization state of the two pump lights is vertical, and the frequency of the first pump light is adjusted to be equal to the frequency of the light in the optical path to be measured, and the light to be measured incident on the Brillouin dynamic grating in the single mode fiber is reflected.
  • the frequency-swept laser makes the frequency variation range of the first pump light cover the spectrum of the optical path to be measured, and obtains a complete spectrum of the optical path to be measured, thereby realizing the spectral analysis of the optical path to be measured.
  • the present invention utilizes a Brillouin dynamic grating in a single mode fiber as a beam splitting element, and a Brillouin dynamic grating in a single mode fiber is stimulated Brillouin scattering which occurs when light is transmitted in a single mode fiber.
  • Brillouin dynamic grating is distributed on the whole fiber, which can be several hundred meters to several kilometers, which is much larger than the length of the body grating, and the Brillouin dynamic grating is more uniform;
  • the dynamic grating can be made very long, so it can provide a very narrow grating reflection bandwidth, and thus a Brillouin dynamic grating spectrum analysis device with a resolution of sub-MHz, using a wide-band tunable laser as the pump light, It achieves a wide measurement range in the C+L band, and thus has a high resolution, a wide measuring range, high precision, and good reliability.
  • the spectrum analysis device uses a standard single-mode communication fiber as a light transmission medium, which has good compatibility with the existing fiber-optic communication system and low insertion loss. It can be widely used in the detection and diagnosis of transmitted optical signals in optical fiber communication systems, high-resolution spectral, wide-range measurement, fine measurement of medium emission and absorption spectrum in dense wavelength division multiplexing systems.
  • the device and method of the invention have high resolution of the spectrum of the optical path to be measured, good signal to noise ratio, good reliability, and simple subsequent processing of the spectrum.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a spectral analysis apparatus based on a Brillouin dynamic grating according to the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 of the present invention The present embodiment is described below with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the spectrum analysis apparatus based on Brillouin dynamic grating according to the embodiment includes a laser 1, a fiber coupler 2, a first fiber amplifier 3, and a first isolator. 4.
  • First polarization controller 5 second polarization controller 6, single sideband modulator 7, second fiber amplifier 8, second isolator 9, third polarization controller 10, single mode fiber 11, polarization beam splitting 12, circulator 13, photodetector 14, data acquisition card 15, fourth polarization controller 16, and microwave source 17,
  • the laser beam emitted by the laser 1 is split into two pump lights through the fiber coupler 2, and the first pump light is amplified by the first fiber amplifier 3, and then incident on the first isolator 4, and the light emitted from the first isolator 4 Incidentally incident on the first polarization controller 5, the first pump light after the polarization state is adjusted by the first polarization controller 5 is incident on the A port of the polarization beam splitter 12;
  • the second pump light is adjusted to the polarization state by the second polarization controller 6, and is incident on the single sideband modulator 7, which is supplied by the microwave source 17 with a modulation frequency of the fiber Brillouin frequency shift.
  • the lower frequency shift light emitted from the single sideband modulator 7 is incident on the second fiber amplifier 8, and the second pump light amplified by the second fiber amplifier 8 is incident on the second isolator 9, and the second isolator 9 is out.
  • the incident light is incident on the third polarization controller 10, and the second pump light after the polarization state is adjusted by the third polarization controller 10 is incident on the single mode fiber 11, and the output end of the single mode fiber 11 is connected to the C of the polarization beam splitter 12.
  • the optical path to be measured is adjusted to the polarization state by the fourth polarization controller 16, and then incident on the A port of the circulator 13 through the B port of the circulator 13 to the B port of the polarization beam splitter 12, and then through the C of the polarization beam splitter 12.
  • the port is incident on the single mode fiber 11 , and the optical path to be measured reflected by the single mode fiber 11 is incident on the C port of the polarization beam splitter 12 and exits through the B port of the polarization beam splitter 12 .
  • the polarization beam splitter 12 The optical path to be tested exiting from the B port is incident on the B port of the circulator 13 and is incident on the optical signal receiving end of the photodetector 14 via the C port of the circulator 13 .
  • the electrical signal output end of the photodetector 14 is connected to the data acquisition card 15 .
  • a laser 1 is used to output laser light, which is divided into two pump lights by the fiber coupler 2, and the first fiber amplifier 3 amplifies the first pump light to the required power, the first isolator 4 is used to prevent reverse transmission of light from entering the first fiber amplifier 3, damaging the first fiber amplifier 3.
  • the single sideband modulator 7 is supplied with an operating voltage by a direct current power source.
  • the second isolator 9 serves to prevent reversely transmitted light from entering the second fiber amplifier 8 and damaging the second fiber amplifier 8.
  • the laser 1 can select an external cavity type semiconductor laser ECL.
  • An erbium doped fiber amplifier may be further disposed between the optical path to be tested and the fourth polarization controller 16 to amplify the optical path to be measured to the required power, as needed.
  • the optical splitter 2 may have a light splitting ratio of 50:50 or 90:10, 70:30 or 95:5 as needed.
  • Embodiment 2 This embodiment further describes Embodiment 1.
  • the first optical fiber amplifier 3 and the second optical fiber amplifier 8 are both doped fiber amplifiers.
  • Embodiment 1 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 3: This embodiment further describes Embodiment 1 or 2.
  • the laser 1 of the present embodiment is a tunable laser.
  • the present embodiment is described below with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the present embodiment is a Brillouin dynamic grating based spectral analysis method based on a Brillouin dynamic grating-based spectral analysis device according to Embodiment 1, 2, or 3,
  • the first polarization controller 5 is adjusted such that the first pump light passes completely through the A port of the polarization beam splitter 12 and is output at the C port of the polarization beam splitter 12;
  • the second polarization controller 6 and the third polarization control are adjusted
  • the device 10 causes the second pump light and the first pump light to be in the same polarization state, thereby causing stimulated Brillouin scattering of the first pump light and the second pump light in the single mode fiber 11.
  • the fourth polarization controller 16 is adjusted so that the optical path to be tested completely passes through the B port of the polarization beam splitter 12, and is output by the C port of the polarization beam splitter 12.
  • the polarization state of the optical path to be measured and the first pump are The polarization state of the light and the second pump light is perpendicular, and the frequency of the first pump light is adjusted to be equal to the frequency of the light in the optical path to be measured, and then incident on the Brillouin dynamic grating in the single mode fiber 11
  • the photometry is reflected and sequentially received by the photodetector 14 via the C port of the polarization beam splitter 12, the B port of the polarization beam splitter 12, the B port of the circulator 13 and the C port of the circulator 13 and is received by the photodetector 14
  • Acquisition card 15 is collected; Sweeping the laser 1 so that the frequency variation range of the first pump light covers the spectrum of the optical path to be measured, and obtains a complete spectrum of the optical path to be measured, thereby realizing the spectral analysis of the optical path to be measured.
  • the optical path to be measured is output from the C port of the polarization beam splitter 12, when the frequency is equal to the first pump light, the optical path to be measured incident on the Brillouin dynamic grating in the single mode fiber 11 is reflection.
  • the frequency of the output light of the laser 1 is swept.
  • the frequency of the output light of the laser is equal to the frequency of the optical signal to be measured, the optical path to be measured is reflected. Therefore, the frequency of the optical signal to be measured can be determined according to the output optical frequency of the laser at this time. Thereby achieving spectral analysis.
  • a Brillouin dynamic grating formed by Brillouin scattering of two pumping lights in an optical fiber is used as a spectral element, and a Brillouin dynamic grating spectral analysis of sub-MHz resolution is realized.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于布里渊动态光栅的光谱分析装置及其分析方法，属于光谱分析技术领域，为了解决现有光谱仪的分光元件无法保证在大测量范围情况下获得高分辨率的问题。装置包括激光器（1）、光纤耦合器（2）、第一光纤放大器（3）、第一隔离器（4）、第一偏振控制器（5）、第二偏振控制器（6）、单边带调制器（7）、第二光纤放大器（8）、第二隔离器（9）、第三偏振控制器（10）、单模光纤（11）、偏振分束器（12）、环形器（13）、光电探测器（14）、数据采集卡（15）、第四偏振控制器（16）和微波源（17）；方法为利用单模光纤（11）中的布里渊动态光栅作为分光元件，由于布里渊动态光栅可以做的很长，因此能够提供极窄的光栅反射带宽，从而基于装置最后得到待测光路的完整光谱图，实现对待测光路的光谱分析。

Description

基于布里渊动态光栅的光谱分析装置及其分析方法 技术领域
本发明涉及基于布里渊动态光栅的光谱分析装置及其分析方法，属于光谱分析技术领域。
 背景技术
光谱分析装置的关键是如何获取光的高波长分辨率，采用减小布里渊增益线宽的办法能够获得0.064pm(8MHZ)的波长分辨率(Stefan Preußler, Andrzej Wiatrek, Kambiz Jamshidi, and Thomas Schneider “Ultrahigh-resolution Spectroscopy Based on the Bandwidth Reduction of Stimulated Brillouin,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 23, 1118-1120, 2011 ) 。而目前商用分辨率最高的光谱仪为法国APEX公司提供的AP204xB系列超高分辨率光谱分析仪，它是基于信号与内置TLS干涉原理，其波长分辨率仅为0.04pm(5MHz)。
光谱仪的分光元件主要包括体光栅和法布里-珀罗干涉仪。体光栅由于受到工艺的限制，光栅长度有限，限制了光谱仪的分辨率的进一步提高，另外，体光栅在制作过程中，由于制作缺陷，同样限制了光谱仪分辨率和精度，其精度只能达到5pm-10pm量级。而采用法布里-珀罗干涉仪作为分光元件的光谱仪，也受到实际制作工艺的限制，由于测量范围和分辨率是一对矛盾的参数，也无法保证在大测量范围情况下获得高分辨率。
 技术问题
本发明是为了解决现有光谱仪的分光元件无法保证在大测量范围情况下获得高分辨率的问题，提供了一种基于布里渊动态光栅的光谱分析装置及其分析方法。
 技术解决方案
本发明所述基于布里渊动态光栅的光谱分析装置，它包括激光器、光纤耦合器、第一光纤放大器、第一隔离器、第一偏振控制器、第二偏振控制器、单边带调制器、第二光纤放大器、第二隔离器、第三偏振控制器、单模光纤、偏振分束器、环形器、光电探测器、数据采集卡、第四偏振控制器和微波源， 激光器发射的激光束通过光纤耦合器分为两路泵浦光，第一路泵浦光通过第一光纤放大器放大后，入射到第一隔离器，第一隔离器的出射光入射至第一偏振控制器，经第一偏振控制器调节偏振态后的第一路泵浦光入射到偏振分束器的A端口；第二路泵浦光经第二偏振控制器调节偏振态后入射至单边带调制器，该单边带调制器由微波源提供频率为光纤布里渊频移的调制频率，单边带调制器出射的下频移光入射至第二光纤放大器，经第二光纤放大器放大后的第二路泵浦光入射至第二隔离器，第二隔离器的出射光入射至第三偏振控制器，经第三偏振控制器调节偏振态后的第二路泵浦光入射至单模光纤，单模光纤的输出端连接偏振分束器的C端口； 待测光路经第四偏振控制器调节偏振态后入射至环形器的A端口，经环形器的B端口入射到偏振分束器的B端口，再经偏振分束器的C端口入射至单模光纤，经单模光纤反射后的待测光路再入射至偏振分束器的C端口，并经偏振分束器的B端口出射，该偏振分束器的B端口出射的待测光路入射至环形器的B端口，经环形器的C端口后入射至光电探测器的光信号接收端，光电探测器的电信号输出端连接数据采集卡的采集信号输入端。 所述第一光纤放大器和第二光纤放大器均为掺饵光纤放大器。 所述激光器为可调谐激光器。 基于上述基于布里渊动态光栅的光谱分析装置的基于布里渊动态光栅的光谱分析方法， 调整第一偏振控制器，使第一路泵浦光完全通过偏振分束器的A端口，并在偏振分束器的C端口输出；调整第二偏振控制器和第三偏振控制器，使第二路泵浦光和第一路泵浦光处于同一偏振态，进而使第一路泵浦光和第二路泵浦光在单模光纤中的受激布里渊散射最强，形成最强布里渊动态光栅； 调整第四偏振控制器，使待测光路完全通过偏振分束器的B端口，并由偏振分束器的C端口输出，此时，待测光路的偏振态与第一路泵浦光和第二路泵浦光的偏振态垂直，调整第一路泵浦光的频率，使其与待测光路中的光频率相等，则入射至单模光纤中布里渊动态光栅的待测光被反射，并依次经由偏振分束器的C端口、偏振分束器的B端口、环形器的B端口及环形器的C端口后被光电探测器接收，并被数据采集卡采集； 扫频激光器，使第一路泵浦光的频率变化范围覆盖待测光路的频谱，得到待测光路的完整光谱图，实现对待测光路的光谱分析。
 有益效果
本发明的优点：本发明利用单模光纤中的布里渊动态光栅作为分光元件，单模光纤中的布里渊动态光栅是由光在单模光纤中传输时发生的受激布里渊散射形成的，布里渊动态光栅分布在整根光纤上，可以做到几百米~几千米，它远远大于体光栅的长度，且形成的布里渊动态光栅更加均匀；由于布里渊动态光栅可以做的很长，因此能够提供极窄的光栅反射带宽，进而做成亚MHz量级分辨率的布里渊动态光栅光谱分析装置，使用宽波段的可调谐激光器作为泵浦光，可以实现在C+L波段的宽测量范围，因而具有分辨率高，测量范围宽，精度高，可靠性好的特点。光谱分析装置采用标准的单模通信光纤作为传光介质，与现有的光纤通信系统兼容性好，插入损耗低。可以广泛应用于光纤通信系统中传输光信号的检测和诊断，密集型波分复用系统中光谱的高分辨率，宽范围的测量，介质发射和吸收谱的精细测量。
本发明所述装置及方法对待测光路光谱的分辨率极高，信噪比好，可靠性好，并且光谱的后续处理简单。
 附图说明
图1是本发明所述基于布里渊动态光栅的光谱分析装置的光路原理图。
本发明的实施方式
体实施方式一：下面结合图1说明本实施方式，本实施方式所述基于布里渊动态光栅的光谱分析装置，它包括激光器1、光纤耦合器2、第一光纤放大器3、第一隔离器4、第一偏振控制器5、第二偏振控制器6、单边带调制器7、第二光纤放大器8、第二隔离器9、第三偏振控制器10、单模光纤11、偏振分束器12、环形器13、光电探测器14、数据采集卡15、第四偏振控制器16和微波源17， 激光器1发射的激光束通过光纤耦合器2分为两路泵浦光，第一路泵浦光通过第一光纤放大器3放大后，入射到第一隔离器4，第一隔离器4的出射光入射至第一偏振控制器5，经第一偏振控制器5调节偏振态后的第一路泵浦光入射到偏振分束器12的A端口； 第二路泵浦光经第二偏振控制器6调节偏振态后入射至单边带调制器7，该单边带调制器7由微波源17提供频率为光纤布里渊频移的调制频率，单边带调制器7出射的下频移光入射至第二光纤放大器8，经第二光纤放大器8放大后的第二路泵浦光入射至第二隔离器9，第二隔离器9的出射光入射至第三偏振控制器10，经第三偏振控制器10调节偏振态后的第二路泵浦光入射至单模光纤11，单模光纤11的输出端连接偏振分束器12的C端口； 待测光路经第四偏振控制器16调节偏振态后入射至环形器13的A端口，经环形器13的B端口入射到偏振分束器12的B端口，再经偏振分束器12的C端口入射至单模光纤11，经单模光纤11反射后的待测光路再入射至偏振分束器12的C端口，并经偏振分束器12的B端口出射，该偏振分束器12的B端口出射的待测光路入射至环形器13的B端口，经环形器13的C端口后入射至光电探测器14的光信号接收端，光电探测器14的电信号输出端连接数据采集卡15的采集信号输入端。
本实施方式中采用一台激光器1来输出激光，该激光通过光纤耦合器2分成两路泵浦光，第一光纤放大器3把第一路泵浦光放大到所需要的功率，第一隔离器4用来防止反向传输的光进入到第一光纤放大器3，损坏第一光纤放大器3。单边带调制器7由直流电源提供工作电压。第二隔离器9用来防止反向传输的光进入到第二光纤放大器8，损坏第二光纤放大器8。激光器1可以选择外腔式半导体激光器ECL。
根据需要，可以在待测光路与第四偏振控制器16之间再设置一个掺铒光纤放大器，以将待测光路放大到所需要的功率。
本实施方式中，光纤耦合器2的分光比例可以为50:50，也可以根据需要选择为90：10，70:30或95:5。
具体实施方式二：本实施方式对实施方式一作进一步说明，本实施方式所述第一光纤放大器3和第二光纤放大器8均为掺饵光纤放大器。
具体实施方式三：本实施方式对实施方式一或二作进一步说明，本实施方式所述激光器1为可调谐激光器。
具体实施方式四：下面结合图1说明本实施方式，本实施方式为基于实施方式一、二或三所述基于布里渊动态光栅的光谱分析装置的基于布里渊动态光栅的光谱分析方法， 调整第一偏振控制器5，使第一路泵浦光完全通过偏振分束器12的A端口，并在偏振分束器12的C端口输出；调整第二偏振控制器6和第三偏振控制器10，使第二路泵浦光和第一路泵浦光处于同一偏振态，进而使第一路泵浦光和第二路泵浦光在单模光纤11中的受激布里渊散射最强，形成最强布里渊动态光栅； 调整第四偏振控制器16，使待测光路完全通过偏振分束器12的B端口，并由偏振分束器12的C端口输出，此时，待测光路的偏振态与第一路泵浦光和第二路泵浦光的偏振态垂直，调整第一路泵浦光的频率，使其与待测光路中的光频率相等，则入射至单模光纤11中布里渊动态光栅的待测光被反射，并依次经由偏振分束器12的C端口、偏振分束器12的B端口、环形器13的B端口及环形器13的C端口后被光电探测器14接收，并被数据采集卡15采集； 扫频激光器1，使第一路泵浦光的频率变化范围覆盖待测光路的频谱，得到待测光路的完整光谱图，实现对待测光路的光谱分析。
本实施方式中待测光路从偏振分束器12的C端口输出后，当其频率与第一路泵浦光相等时，入射至单模光纤11中布里渊动态光栅上的待测光路被反射。
对激光器1输出光的频率进行扫频，当激光器输出光的频率与待测光信号频率相等时，待测光路才被反射。所以，可以根据此时激光器的输出光频率确定待测光信号的频率。从而实现光谱分析。
本实施方式利用两束泵浦光在光纤中的布里渊散射形成的布里渊动态光栅作为分光元件，实现了亚MHz分辨率的布里渊动态光栅光谱分析。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种基于布里渊动态光栅的光谱分析装置，其特征在于，它包括激光器（1）、光纤耦合器（2）、第一光纤放大器（3）、第一隔离器（4）、第一偏振控制器（5）、第二偏振控制器（6）、单边带调制器（7）、第二光纤放大器（8）、第二隔离器（9）、第三偏振控制器（10）、单模光纤（11）、偏振分束器（12）、环形器（13）、光电探测器（14）、数据采集卡（15）、第四偏振控制器（16）和微波源（17），
    激光器（1）发射的激光束通过光纤耦合器（2）分为两路泵浦光，第一路泵浦光通过第一光纤放大器（3）放大后，入射到第一隔离器（4），第一隔离器（4）的出射光入射至第一偏振控制器（5），经第一偏振控制器（5）调节偏振态后的第一路泵浦光入射到偏振分束器（12）的A端口； 第二路泵浦光经第二偏振控制器（6）调节偏振态后入射至单边带调制器（7），该单边带调制器（7）由微波源（17）提供频率为光纤布里渊频移的调制频率，单边带调制器（7）出射的下频移光入射至第二光纤放大器（8），经第二光纤放大器（8）放大后的第二路泵浦光入射至第二隔离器（9），第二隔离器（9）的出射光入射至第三偏振控制器（10），经第三偏振控制器（10）调节偏振态后的第二路泵浦光入射至单模光纤（11），单模光纤（11）的输出端连接偏振分束器（12）的C端口； 待测光路经第四偏振控制器（16）调节偏振态后入射至环形器（13）的A端口，经环形器（13）的B端口入射到偏振分束器（12）的B端口，再经偏振分束器（12）的C端口入射至单模光纤（11），经单模光纤（11）反射后的待测光路再入射至偏振分束器（12）的C端口，并经偏振分束器（12）的B端口出射，该偏振分束器（12）的B端口出射的待测光路入射至环形器（13）的B端口，经环形器（13）的C端口后入射至光电探测器（14）的光信号接收端，光电探测器（14）的电信号输出端连接数据采集卡（15）的采集信号输入端。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于布里渊动态光栅的光谱分析装置，其特征在于，所述第一光纤放大器（3）和第二光纤放大器（8）均为掺饵光纤放大器。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的基于布里渊动态光栅的光谱分析装置，其特征在于，所述激光器（1）为可调谐激光器。
  4. 一种基于权利要求1所述基于布里渊动态光栅的光谱分析装置的基于布里渊动态光栅的光谱分析方法，其特征在于， 调整第一偏振控制器（5），使第一路泵浦光完全通过偏振分束器（12）的A端口，并在偏振分束器（12）的C端口输出；调整第二偏振控制器（6）和第三偏振控制器（10），使第二路泵浦光和第一路泵浦光处于同一偏振态，进而使第一路泵浦光和第二路泵浦光在单模光纤（11）中的受激布里渊散射最强，形成最强布里渊动态光栅； 调整第四偏振控制器（16），使待测光路完全通过偏振分束器（12）的B端口，并由偏振分束器（12）的C端口输出，此时，待测光路的偏振态与第一路泵浦光和第二路泵浦光的偏振态垂直，调整第一路泵浦光的频率，使其与待测光路中的光频率相等，则入射至单模光纤（11）中布里渊动态光栅的待测光被反射，并依次经由偏振分束器（12）的C端口、偏振分束器（12）的B端口、环形器（13）的B端口及环形器（13）的C端口后被光电探测器（14）接收，并被数据采集卡（15）采集； 扫频激光器（1），使第一路泵浦光的频率变化范围覆盖待测光路的频谱，得到待测光路的完整光谱图，实现对待测光路的光谱分析。
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