WO2014196447A1 - 補償光学システムの角度ずれ検出方法、補償光学システムの結像倍率検出方法、及び補償光学システム - Google Patents
補償光学システムの角度ずれ検出方法、補償光学システムの結像倍率検出方法、及び補償光学システム Download PDFInfo
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- G02B27/0068—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration having means for controlling the degree of correction, e.g. using phase modulators, movable elements
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Definitions
- One aspect of the present invention relates to an angle shift detection method for an adaptive optics system, an imaging magnification detection method for the adaptive optics system, and an adaptive optics system.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 describe a method of adjusting an adaptive optical system by a phase measurement method.
- a phase measurement method a known phase distribution is displayed on a spatial light modulator, this phase distribution is measured by a wavefront sensor, and the measurement result is compared with the known phase distribution, thereby making it possible to measure the phase distribution on the modulation surface.
- the coordinates and the coordinates on the detection surface are associated with each other.
- the adaptive optics technology is a technology that dynamically removes aberrations by measuring optical aberration (wavefront distortion) using a wavefront sensor and controlling the wavefront modulation element (spatial light modulator) based on the result. is there.
- This adaptive optics technique it is possible to improve the imaging characteristics, the degree of light collection, the SN ratio of the image, and the measurement accuracy.
- adaptive optics technology has been mainly used in astronomical telescopes and large laser devices.
- adaptive optics technology is being applied to fundus cameras, scanning laser ophthalmoscopes, optical coherence tomographs, laser microscopes, and the like. Imaging using such an adaptive optics technique enables observation with an unprecedented high resolution.
- the wavefront is controlled with accuracy below the wavelength of light (for example, sub-micro level). Therefore, the angle deviation around the optical axis between the modulation surface of the spatial light modulator and the wavefront sensor due to the assembly accuracy of the wavefront sensor and the spatial light modulator, manufacturing errors of the optical component and its fixed components, etc. And fluctuations in the imaging magnification may occur. If such an angle shift or imaging magnification fluctuation occurs, the correspondence between the control point position in the spatial light modulator and the measurement point position in the wavefront sensor becomes inaccurate, which affects the accuracy of the adaptive optics. End up.
- the angle deviation between the modulation surface and the wavefront sensor and the imaging magnification can be easily detected. Also, for example, it is desirable that the imaging magnification between the modulation surface and the wavefront sensor can be easily detected even when the optical magnification between the modulation surface of the spatial light modulator and the wavefront sensor is variable. It is.
- One aspect of the present invention provides an angle shift detection method and a compensation optical system for an adaptive optical system capable of easily detecting an angle shift around an optical axis between a modulation surface of a spatial light modulator and a wavefront sensor. The purpose is to do.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides an imaging magnification detection method of an adaptive optics system and an adaptive optics system that can easily detect the imaging magnification between the modulation surface of the spatial light modulator and the wavefront sensor. The purpose is to do.
- An angle shift detection method for an adaptive optics system includes a spatial light modulator that spatially modulates the phase of an optical image incident on a modulation surface, and a lens in which a plurality of lenses are arranged in a two-dimensional manner. And a wavefront sensor having a light detecting element for detecting a light intensity distribution including a condensing spot formed by the lens array and receiving a modulated light image from the spatial light modulator, and from the light intensity distribution
- a compensation optical system that compensates for wavefront distortion by controlling the phase pattern displayed on the spatial light modulator based on the wavefront shape of the obtained optical image, the angle deviation between the modulation surface and the wavefront sensor is calculated. is there.
- the first angular deviation detection method has linearity in at least one direction in the first and second regions on the modulation surface respectively corresponding to one of the plurality of lenses or two or more adjacent lenses.
- the second angular deviation detection method includes a phase pattern having linearity in at least one direction in a first region on a modulation surface corresponding to one of a plurality of lenses or two or more lenses adjacent to each other.
- First light intensity distribution acquisition in which one of spatially nonlinear phase patterns is displayed and the other is displayed in a region surrounding the first region, and the first light intensity distribution is acquired by the light detection element.
- the second light intensity distribution is acquired by the photodetecting element in a state where one of the phase pattern having a spatial pattern and the spatially non-linear phase pattern is displayed and the other is displayed in the region surrounding the second region.
- Light intensity A straight line connecting the cloth acquisition step, the focused spot corresponding to the first area included in the first light intensity distribution, and the focused spot corresponding to the second area included in the second light intensity distribution.
- An angle calculating step for obtaining an angle deviation amount between the modulation surface and the wavefront sensor based on the inclination.
- the first and second angular deviation detection methods include an adjustment step of adjusting an angle around the optical image of at least one of the modulation surface and the wavefront sensor so that the angular deviation amount calculated in the angle calculation step is small. Further, it may be provided.
- the first and second regions may be regions adjacent to each other, or the first and second regions may be regions separated from each other. Also good.
- An imaging magnification detection method for an adaptive optics system includes a spatial light modulator that spatially modulates the phase of an optical image incident on a modulation surface, and a plurality of lenses arranged in a two-dimensional manner.
- a light intensity distribution having a lens array and a wavefront sensor having a light detection element for detecting a light intensity distribution including a condensing spot formed by the lens array and receiving a modulated light image from a spatial light modulator;
- linearity is at least in one direction in the first and second regions on the modulation surface respectively corresponding to one of a plurality of lenses or two or more adjacent lenses.
- the second imaging magnification detection method includes a phase pattern having linearity in at least one direction in a first region on a modulation surface corresponding to one of a plurality of lenses or two or more adjacent lenses. And a first light intensity distribution in which one of the spatially nonlinear phase patterns is displayed and the other is displayed in a region surrounding the first region, and the first light intensity distribution is acquired by the light detection element.
- the second light intensity distribution is acquired by the photodetecting element in a state where one of the phase pattern having the characteristics and the spatially nonlinear phase pattern is displayed and the other is displayed in the region surrounding the second region.
- Light intensity of 2 Based on the distance between the cloth acquisition step, the focused spot corresponding to the first area included in the first light intensity distribution, and the focused spot corresponding to the second area included in the second light intensity distribution.
- a magnification calculating step for obtaining an imaging magnification between the modulation surface and the wavefront sensor.
- the light guide optical disposed between the modulation surface and the wavefront sensor so that the imaging magnification calculated in the magnification calculation step approaches a predetermined imaging magnification.
- An adjustment step for adjusting the magnification of the system may be further provided.
- adjustment is performed to adjust the optical distance between the modulation surface and the wavefront sensor so that the imaging magnification calculated in the magnification calculation step approaches a predetermined imaging magnification.
- a step may be further provided.
- An adjustment step for adjusting the thickness may be further provided.
- the first and second regions may be adjacent to each other, or the first and second regions may be regions separated from each other. May be.
- An adaptive optics system includes a spatial light modulator that spatially modulates the phase of an optical image incident on a modulation surface, a lens array in which a plurality of lenses are two-dimensionally arranged, and A wavefront sensor that has a light detecting element that detects a light intensity distribution including a condensing spot formed by a lens array and receives a modulated light image from a spatial light modulator, and a light image obtained from the light intensity distribution A controller that compensates for wavefront distortion by controlling a phase pattern displayed on the spatial light modulator based on the wavefront shape.
- the control unit has at least one direction in the first and second regions on the modulation surface respectively corresponding to one of the plurality of lenses or two or more lenses adjacent to each other.
- One of the linear phase pattern and the spatially nonlinear phase pattern is displayed, and the other is displayed in the area surrounding the first and second areas, and the light intensity distribution is acquired by the light detection element.
- the amount of angular deviation between the modulation surface and the wavefront sensor Ask for is calculated.
- the control unit has linearity in at least one direction in the first region on the modulation surface corresponding to one of the plurality of lenses or two or more lenses adjacent to each other.
- a first light intensity distribution is acquired by the light detection element in a state in which one of the phase pattern and the spatially nonlinear phase pattern is displayed, and the other is displayed in a region surrounding the first region, and a plurality of lenses Phase pattern and space having linearity in at least one direction in the second region on the modulation surface corresponding to one or two or more lenses adjacent to each other and different from the first region
- the second light intensity distribution is acquired by the light detection element, and the first light intensity distribution is obtained. 1st territory included Based on the slope of a straight line connecting the focused spots corresponding, and a focusing spot corresponding to the second area included in the second light intensity distribution, determining the angle deviation between the modulation plane and the wavefront sensor.
- the control unit has at least one direction in the first and second regions on the modulation surface respectively corresponding to one of the plurality of lenses or two or more lenses adjacent to each other.
- One of the linear phase pattern and the spatially nonlinear phase pattern is displayed, and the other is displayed in the area surrounding the first and second areas, and the light intensity distribution is acquired by the light detection element.
- the imaging magnification between the modulation surface and the wavefront sensor is included in the light intensity distribution.
- the control unit has linearity in at least one direction in the first region on the modulation surface corresponding to one of the plurality of lenses or two or more lenses adjacent to each other.
- a first light intensity distribution is acquired by the light detection element in a state in which one of the phase pattern and the spatially nonlinear phase pattern is displayed, and the other is displayed in a region surrounding the first region, and a plurality of lenses Phase pattern and space having linearity in at least one direction in the second region on the modulation surface corresponding to one or two or more lenses adjacent to each other and different from the first region
- the second light intensity distribution is acquired by the light detection element, and the first light intensity distribution is obtained.
- 1st territory included A focusing spot corresponding to, based on the distance between the focused spots corresponding to the second area included in the second light intensity distribution, obtaining the imaging magnification between the modulation surface and the wavefront sensor.
- the angle deviation detection method and the compensation optical system of the adaptive optical system it is possible to easily detect the angular deviation around the optical axis between the modulation surface of the spatial light modulator and the wavefront sensor. Can do.
- the imaging magnification detection method and the compensation optical system of the adaptive optics system according to one aspect of the present invention the imaging magnification between the modulation surface of the spatial light modulator and the wavefront sensor can be easily detected. it can.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of an adaptive optics system according to an embodiment.
- FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the wavefront sensor of one Embodiment roughly, Comprising: The cross section along the optical axis of the optical image is shown. It is the figure which looked at the lens array with which a wavefront sensor is provided from the optical axis direction of an optical image. It is the figure which looked at the image sensor with which a wavefront sensor is provided from the optical axis direction of an optical image.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an LCOS type spatial light modulator as an example of the spatial light modulator of one embodiment, showing a cross section along the optical axis of an optical image.
- phase pattern in which different phase distributions (for example, phase distributions that cause aberrations including higher-order aberrations) are arranged for each of a plurality of regions is illustrated.
- a phase pattern having linearity in at least one direction it is a diagram showing a phase distribution having a substantially uniform phase value over the entire modulation surface.
- (A) It is a figure which shows notionally the relative relationship between each area
- (B) It is a figure which shows light intensity distribution data in the case shown by (a).
- (A) It is a figure which shows notionally the relative relationship between each area
- (B) It is a figure which shows light intensity distribution data in the case shown by (a). It is a flowchart which shows the operation
- the phase distribution in the first direction has a cylindrical lens effect and the phase distribution has a substantially uniform phase value in the second direction.
- the phase distribution in the first direction forms a diffraction grating, and the phase distribution has a substantially uniform phase value in the second direction.
- combination pattern obtained by superimposition It is a figure which shows the modification of a lens array. It is a figure which shows an example in the case of making the magnitude
- phase distribution refers to two-dimensionally distributed phase values
- phase pattern refers to a phase distribution (two-dimensional phase value) coded based on a certain standard
- phase profile refers to a distribution of phase values along a certain direction (line) in the phase distribution.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of an adaptive optics system 10 according to the present embodiment.
- the adaptive optics system 10 is incorporated into, for example, an ophthalmic examination apparatus, a laser processing apparatus, a microscope apparatus, or an adaptive optics apparatus.
- the adaptive optics system 10 includes a spatial light modulator (SLM) 11, a wavefront sensor 12, a control unit 13, a beam splitter 14, relay lenses 15 and 16, and a control circuit unit 17.
- SLM spatial light modulator
- the spatial light modulator 11 receives the optical image La on the modulation surface 11a for displaying the phase pattern, modulates the wavefront shape of the optical image La, and outputs the result.
- the light image La incident on the spatial light modulator 11 is, for example, light emitted from a laser light source or a super luminescent diode (SLD), or reflected light, scattered light, fluorescence, or the like generated from an observation object irradiated with the light. is there.
- the wavefront sensor 12 includes information relating to the wavefront shape of the optical image La that has arrived from the spatial light modulator 11 (typically, which appears due to aberrations of the optical system and represents wavefront distortion, that is, wavefront deviation from the reference wavefront).
- the data S1 is provided to the control unit 13.
- the control unit 13 Based on the data S ⁇ b> 1 obtained from the wavefront sensor 12, the control unit 13 generates a control signal S ⁇ b> 2 for causing the spatial light modulator 11 to display an appropriate phase pattern.
- the control unit 13 includes an input unit that inputs data S1 from the wavefront sensor 12, an aberration calculation unit that calculates aberration from the data S1, a phase pattern calculation unit that calculates a phase pattern to be displayed on the spatial light modulator 11, and A signal generation unit that generates the control signal S2 according to the calculated phase pattern is included.
- the control circuit unit 17 receives the control signal S2 from the control unit 13 and applies a voltage V1 based on the control signal S2 to the plurality of electrodes of the spatial light modulator 11.
- the beam splitter 14 is disposed between the wavefront sensor 12 and the spatial light modulator 11 and branches the optical image La.
- the beam splitter 14 may be any of a polarization direction independent type, a polarization direction dependent type, or a wavelength dependent type (dichroic mirror) beam splitter.
- One light image La branched by the beam splitter 14 is sent to a light detection element 18 such as a CCD, a photomultiplier tube, or an avalanche photodiode.
- the light detection element 18 is incorporated in, for example, a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO), an optical tomography apparatus (Optical Coherence Tomography; OCT), a fundus camera, a microscope, a telescope, or the like.
- SLO scanning laser ophthalmoscope
- OCT optical tomography apparatus
- the other optical image La branched by the beam splitter 14 enters the wavefront sensor 12.
- the relay lenses 15 and 16 are arranged in the optical axis direction between the spatial light modulator 11 and the wavefront sensor 12. By these relay lenses 15 and 16, the spatial light modulator 11 and the wavefront sensor 12 are maintained in an optical conjugate relationship with each other.
- An optical imaging lens and / or a deflection mirror may be further disposed between the spatial light modulator 11 and the wavefront sensor 12.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the wavefront sensor 12 of the present embodiment, and shows a cross section along the optical axis of the optical image La.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram of the lens array 120 included in the wavefront sensor 12 as viewed from the optical axis direction of the optical image La.
- FIG. 4 is a view of the image sensor (light detection element) 122 included in the wavefront sensor 12 as viewed from the optical axis direction of the optical image La.
- the wavefront sensor 12 includes an interference type and a non-interference type.
- a non-interference type Shack-Hartmann type wavefront sensor having a lens array 120 and an image sensor 122 is used as the wavefront sensor 12.
- the seismic resistance is superior to the case where an interference wavefront sensor is used, and the configuration of the wavefront sensor and the calculation processing of measurement data can be simplified. There is.
- the lens array 120 has N lenses (N is an integer of 4 or more).
- the N lenses 124 are arranged in a two-dimensional lattice pattern of Na rows and Nb columns (Na and Nb are integers of 2 or more).
- the image sensor 122 shown in FIG. 2 has a light receiving surface 122 a at a position overlapping the rear focal plane of the N lenses 124 constituting the lens array 120, and the N formed by the N lenses 124.
- a light intensity distribution including a single condensing spot P is detected.
- the image sensor 122 includes a plurality of pixels 122 b arranged in a two-dimensional grid of Ma rows and Mb columns (Ma and Mb are integers of 2 or more).
- the arrangement pitch of the pixels 122b of the image sensor 122 is sufficiently smaller than the arrangement pitch of the lenses 124 so that the magnitude of the deviation of the condensed image position from the reference position can be detected with high accuracy.
- the wavefront shape (phase gradient distribution) of the optical image La is measured based on the light intensity distribution detected by the image sensor 122. That is, the magnitude of the deviation between the position of the focused spot P by the lens 124 and the reference position is proportional to the local wavefront inclination of the optical image La incident on the lens 124. Therefore, the magnitude of the positional deviation of the condensed spot P from the reference position can be calculated for each lens 124, and the wavefront shape of the optical image La can be measured based on the positional deviation of the condensed spot P.
- the reference position used for calculating the magnitude of the deviation of the focused image position can be a position where the optical axis of each of the plurality of lenses 124 and the light receiving surface 122a of the image sensor 122 intersect. This position can be easily obtained by calculating the center of gravity using a condensed image obtained by allowing a parallel plane wave to vertically enter each lens 124.
- the spatial light modulator 11 is an element that receives a light image La from a light source or an observation object, modulates the wavefront of the light image La, and outputs the modulated light wave.
- the spatial light modulator 11 has a plurality of pixels (control points) arranged in a two-dimensional lattice, and modulates each pixel according to a control signal S2 provided from the control unit 13.
- the amount (for example, phase modulation amount) is changed.
- the spatial light modulator 11 includes, for example, LCOS-SLM (Liquid Crystal Crystal On Spatial Light Modulator), PPM (Programmable Phase Modulator), LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), micro electromechanical element (Micro Electro Electro Mechanical Systems; MEMS), or There is an electrical address type spatial light modulator formed by combining a liquid crystal display element and an optical address type liquid crystal spatial light modulator.
- LCOS-SLM Liquid Crystal Crystal On Spatial Light Modulator
- PPM Programmable Phase Modulator
- LCD Liquid Crystal Display
- MEMS Micro Electro Electro Electro Mechanical Systems
- an electrical address type spatial light modulator formed by combining a liquid crystal display element and an optical address type liquid crystal spatial light modulator.
- the reflective spatial light modulator 11 is shown in FIG. 1, the spatial light modulator 11 may be a transmissive type.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an LCOS type spatial light modulator as an example of the spatial light modulator 11 of the present embodiment, and shows a cross section along the optical axis of the optical image La.
- the spatial light modulator 11 includes a transparent substrate 111, a silicon substrate 112, a plurality of pixel electrodes 113, a liquid crystal part (modulation part) 114, a transparent electrode 115, alignment films 116a and 116b, a dielectric mirror 117, and a spacer 118. ing.
- the transparent substrate 111 is made of a material that transmits the optical image La, and is disposed along the main surface of the silicon substrate 112.
- the plurality of pixel electrodes 113 are arranged in a two-dimensional lattice pattern on the main surface of the silicon substrate 112 and constitute each pixel of the spatial light modulator 11.
- the transparent electrode 115 is disposed on the surface of the transparent substrate 111 facing the plurality of pixel electrodes 113.
- the liquid crystal unit 114 is disposed between the plurality of pixel electrodes 113 and the transparent electrode 115.
- the alignment film 116 a is disposed between the liquid crystal part 114 and the transparent electrode 115, and the alignment film 116 b is disposed between the liquid crystal part 114 and the plurality of pixel electrodes 113.
- the dielectric mirror 117 is disposed between the alignment film 116 b and the plurality of pixel electrodes 113.
- the dielectric mirror 117 reflects the light image La incident from the transparent substrate 111 and transmitted through the liquid crystal unit 114 and emits the light from the transparent substrate 111 again.
- the spatial light modulator 11 further includes a pixel electrode circuit (active matrix drive circuit) 119 that controls a voltage applied between the plurality of pixel electrodes 113 and the transparent electrode 115.
- a pixel electrode circuit active matrix drive circuit
- the liquid crystal unit 114 on the pixel electrode 113 is changed according to the magnitude of the electric field generated between the pixel electrode 113 and the transparent electrode 115.
- the refractive index of. Therefore, the optical path length of the optical image La that passes through the portion of the liquid crystal unit 114 changes, and as a result, the phase of the optical image La changes.
- the spatial distribution of the phase modulation amount can be electrically written, and various wavefront shapes can be realized as necessary. it can.
- FIG. 6 is a front view of the modulation surface 11 a of the spatial light modulator 11.
- the modulation surface 11 a includes a plurality of pixels 11 b arranged in a two-dimensional lattice pattern with Pa rows and Pb columns (Pa and Pb are integers of 2 or more).
- Each of the plurality of pixels 11b includes a plurality of pixel electrodes 113.
- a light image La from a light source (not shown) or an observation object enters the spatial light modulator 11 as substantially parallel light.
- the light image La modulated by the spatial light modulator 11 enters the beam splitter 14 via the relay lenses 15 and 16, and is branched into two light images.
- One optical image La after branching enters the wavefront sensor 12.
- the wavefront sensor 12 generates data S1 including the wavefront shape (for example, phase distribution) of the optical image La, and the data S1 is provided to the control unit 13.
- the control unit 13 calculates the wavefront shape (phase distribution) of the optical image La as necessary based on the data S1 from the wavefront sensor 12, and calculates a phase pattern for appropriately compensating for the wavefront distortion of the optical image La.
- the control signal S2 including the signal is output to the spatial light modulator 11. Thereafter, the undistorted optical image La compensated by the spatial light modulator 11 is branched by the beam splitter 14, enters the light detection element 18 through an optical system (not shown), and is imaged.
- the coordinate systems on the modulation surface 11a of the spatial light modulator 11 and the detection surface of the wavefront sensor 12 are set as follows. That is, two directions parallel to and perpendicular to the modulation surface 11a of the spatial light modulator 11 are defined as an x-axis direction and a y-axis direction on the modulation surface 11a, and are parallel to the detection surface of the wavefront sensor 12 and to each other. Two orthogonal directions are defined as an x-axis direction and a y-axis direction on the detection surface.
- the x-axis on the modulation surface 11 a of the spatial light modulator 11 and the x-axis on the detection surface of the wavefront sensor 12 are opposite to each other, the y-axis on the modulation surface 11 a of the spatial light modulator 11, and the wavefront sensor 12. Are opposite to each other in the y-axis on the detection surface.
- the center of the modulation surface 11a of the spatial light modulator 11 is the origin of the coordinate system on the modulation surface 11a, and the point obtained by mapping the center of the modulation surface 11a to the detection surface of the wavefront sensor 12 is the coordinate system on the detection surface. The origin.
- Equation (1) M is the magnification of the relay lenses 15 and 16. Note that the magnification M included in Equation (1) is often known.
- An angular misalignment around the axis may occur.
- a special phase pattern for adjustment is displayed on the spatial light modulator 11, and the wavefront sensor 12 detects a characteristic caused by the phase pattern, thereby detecting the wavefront.
- the amount of angular deviation between the sensor 12 and the modulation surface 11a is acquired.
- the angle adjustment between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 is performed based on the amount of angular deviation.
- This detection method is stored as a program in the storage area 13a of the control unit 13 shown in FIG. 1, and is performed by the control unit 13 reading and executing this program.
- FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the principle of the detection method according to the present embodiment.
- the wavefronts W1 and W1 of the optical image incident on the modulation surface 11a the relay lenses 15 and 16
- the wavefront W2 of the optical image emitted from the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront W3 of the optical image incident on the wavefront sensor 12 are shown.
- the spatial light modulator 11 emits a wavefront W2 in which a wavefront corresponding to the phase pattern displayed on the spatial light modulator 11 is added to the incident wavefront W1.
- FIG. 7 shows an optical image La that is emitted from a region on the modulation surface 11 a corresponding to one lens 124 and reaches the lens 124.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram conceptually showing a special phase pattern displayed on the modulation surface 11a.
- the first area B1 on the modulation surface 11a having a size corresponding to one lens 124 is spaced from the first area B1 and corresponds to the other lens 124.
- a first phase pattern having linearity in at least one direction is displayed on the second region B2 on the modulation surface 11a having the size.
- the first phase pattern is realized by including, for example, a substantially uniform phase distribution, a phase distribution inclined in at least one direction, and the like.
- the first phase pattern has a cylindrical lens effect in a certain first direction and is substantially uniform in a second direction intersecting the first direction, or diffracted in the first direction. This is realized by forming a grating and including a phase distribution that is substantially uniform in a second direction that intersects (eg, is orthogonal to) the first direction.
- a spatially non-linear second phase pattern (for example, the distribution of phase magnitudes is irregular in the region B3 surrounding the first region B1 and the second region B2 on the modulation surface 11a. Random distribution or defocus distribution that expands the focused spot).
- the wavefront corresponding to the region B3 in the outgoing wavefront W2 is disturbed (portion A1 in FIG. 7).
- the disturbance of the wavefront also occurs in a portion of the incident wavefront W3 incident on the wavefront sensor 12 that enters the lens 124 corresponding to the region B3 (portion A2 in FIG. 7).
- the condensing spot P formed by the lens 124 is diffused, and the condensing spot P is not formed, or the maximum brightness of the spot is reduced or the spot diameter is enlarged. That is, only the condensing spot corresponding to the region B3 can be formed with reduced clarity.
- the at least one of the at least one is due to the first phase pattern having linearity in at least one direction.
- the wavefront enters the lens 124 without being disturbed in the direction. Therefore, the condensing spot P is clearly formed by the lens 124.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram conceptually showing light intensity distribution data (Shack-Hartmanngram) detected by the image sensor 122 of the wavefront sensor 12.
- FIG. 9A shows light intensity distribution data D1 when a phase pattern having linearity in at least one direction is displayed in the regions B1 and B2 and a spatially nonlinear phase pattern is displayed in the region B3. ing.
- FIG. 9B shows light intensity distribution data D2 when a phase pattern having linearity is displayed in all regions.
- N focused spots P corresponding to the N lenses 124 are light intensity distribution data.
- N focused spots P corresponding to the N lenses 124 are light intensity distribution data.
- FIG. 9A a phase pattern having linearity in at least one direction is displayed in the regions B1 and B2, and a spatially nonlinear phase pattern is displayed in the region B3.
- 2 includes two focused spots P corresponding to the areas B1 and B2, respectively, but the focused spot corresponding to the area B3 is not formed or the maximum brightness of the spot is reduced. Or the spot diameter is enlarged. That is, only the condensing spot corresponding to the region B3 can be formed with reduced clarity.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram conceptually showing the relative relationship between the modulation surface 11 a and the lens array 120.
- FIG. 10A shows the case where there is no angular deviation between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12, that is, the arrangement direction of the modulation surface 11a and the arrangement direction of the lenses 124 (shown by broken lines in the figure) are aligned. Shows the case.
- N regions 11c (indicated by bold lines in the drawing) on the modulation surface 11a correspond to the N lenses 124, respectively.
- Each region 11c includes a plurality of pixels 11b.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a change in the position of the focused spot P of the light intensity distribution data D ⁇ b> 1 due to the angular deviation between the modulation surface 11 a and the wavefront sensor 12.
- two focused spots P1 respectively corresponding to the regions B1 and B2 are formed at predetermined positions.
- the two focused spots P2 corresponding to the regions B1 and B2 are the above focused spots. It is formed at a position different from P1.
- the relative positional relationship between the two focused spots P2 is uniquely determined by the amount of angular deviation between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12. Specifically, the angle ⁇ formed by the line segment L1 connecting the two focused spots P1 and the line segment L2 connecting the two focused spots P2 coincides with the angular deviation amount between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12. To do. From this, by examining the relative positional relationship between the focused spot P corresponding to the area B1 and the focused spot P corresponding to the area B2 included in the light intensity distribution data D1, the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 Can be obtained. The angle deviation amount ⁇ is calculated by the following mathematical formula (2).
- FIG. 12 to FIG. 15 are diagrams showing examples of such phase patterns, where the magnitude of the phase is shown by light and dark, the phase of the darkest part is 0 (rad), and the brightest part is shown.
- the phase is 2 ⁇ (rad).
- FIG. 12 shows a random distribution in which the phase size distribution is irregular.
- FIG. 12 also illustrates a graph of the amount of phase modulation at one location in each of the row direction and the column direction.
- FIG. 13 shows a defocus distribution in which the focused spot P is enlarged.
- FIG. 13 also illustrates a graph of the amount of phase modulation at one place in each of the row direction and the column direction.
- FIG. 14 shows a distribution that causes a large spherical aberration in the optical image La.
- FIG. 15 shows a distribution that causes a large high-order aberration in the optical image La. Even when the phase pattern shown in FIG. 14 or FIG. 15 is displayed in the region B3, a clear focused spot P is not formed.
- the spatially nonlinear second phase pattern may include at least one of these distributions, or may include a composite pattern in which at least one of these distributions and a linear phase pattern are superimposed. Good.
- the non-linear phase pattern displayed in the region B3 may include a common phase distribution for a plurality of regions formed by dividing the region B3, and is different for each of the plurality of regions formed by dividing the region B3.
- a phase distribution may be included.
- FIG. 16 illustrates a phase pattern in which a common phase distribution (for example, defocus distribution) is arranged for each of a plurality of regions formed by dividing the region B3.
- FIG. 17 illustrates a phase pattern in which different phase distributions (for example, phase distributions that cause aberrations including higher-order aberrations) are arranged for a plurality of regions obtained by dividing the region B3.
- the “first phase pattern having linearity in at least one direction” displayed in the areas B1 and B2 in FIG. 8 is realized by, for example, a phase distribution having substantially uniform phase values over the entire modulation surface 11a.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing such a phase pattern, and the magnitude of the phase is shown by light and dark as in FIGS.
- the phase pattern as shown in FIG. 18 is displayed in the areas B 1 and B 2, the wavefront of the optical image La of the part becomes flat, and a clear condensing spot P is formed by the lens 124.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the internal configuration of the control unit 13 of the present embodiment.
- the control unit 13 can include a pattern creation unit 13b and a calculation processing unit 13c.
- the pattern creation unit 13b and the calculation processing unit 13c are stored as programs in the storage area 13a of the control unit 13 shown in FIG. 1, and are realized by the control unit 13 reading and executing this program. .
- the pattern creation unit 13b creates a special phase pattern for detecting the amount of angular deviation between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12, that is, a phase pattern including the regions B1 to B3. This phase pattern is sent from the pattern creating unit 13b to the control circuit unit 17 as a control signal S2.
- a special phase pattern P A for the detection of the angular shift amount is expressed, for example, by the following equation (3).
- a is a certain constant and is an example of a first phase pattern having linearity in at least one direction.
- rand () is a random function and is an example of a second phase pattern that is spatially nonlinear.
- (N, m) represents coordinates in pixel units on the modulation surface 11a.
- the ROI is defined as a symbol representing the areas B1 and B2.
- the regions B1 and B2 in this embodiment each have a size corresponding to one lens 124.
- the lens array 120 when the plurality of lenses 124 are arranged in a two-dimensional lattice as shown in FIG. 3, the shapes of the regions B1 and B2 are square. Therefore, the previous equation (3) can be modified as the following equation (4).
- (xc 1 , yc 1 ) is the central coordinate of the region B1
- (xc 2 , yc 2 ) is the central coordinate of the region B2
- w is the number of pixels on one side of the regions B1, B2
- a ′ Is the same constant as the constant a or a different constant.
- the arrangement pitch of the pixels 11b on the modulation surface 11a is slmPITCH
- the arrangement pitch of the lenses 124 on the lens array 120 is mlaPITCH
- the imaging magnification of the optical system between the modulation surface 11a and the lens surface of the lens array 120 is M.
- the number of pixels w on one side of the regions B1 and B2 is expressed by the following formula (5).
- Calculation processing unit 13c when the phase pattern P A described above are respectively displayed on the modulation surface 11a, to obtain the light intensity distribution data S1 output from the wavefront sensor 12.
- the calculation processing unit 13c calculates the gravity center position of each focused spot P included in the light intensity distribution data S1 according to an algorithm described later.
- the calculation processing unit 13c then shifts the angle between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 based on the barycentric position of the focused spot P corresponding to the region B1 and the barycentric position of the focused spot P corresponding to the region B2. Calculate the amount.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the adaptive optics system 10 and the angular deviation detection method according to this embodiment.
- the angle deviation detection method is stored as the adaptive optics system program in the storage area 13a of the control unit 13 shown in FIG. 1, and the control unit 13 reads and executes this program.
- step S11 an initial process of the control unit 13 is performed (step S11).
- this initial processing step S11 for example, a memory area necessary for calculation processing is secured, initial parameter settings, and the like are performed.
- the initialization of the special phase pattern P A for the detection of the angular deviation amount, the center of the area B1, B2, may be specified for any pixel of the modulation surface 11a.
- the control unit 13 creates a special phase pattern P A for the detection of the angular deviation amount, to be displayed on the modulation surface 11a (step S12).
- step S12 phase patterns having linearity in at least one direction in the regions B1 and B2 on the modulation surface 11a respectively corresponding to the two lenses 124 of the plurality of lenses 124 of the lens array 120 (see, for example, FIG. 18).
- a spatially nonlinear phase pattern is displayed in the region B3 surrounding the regions B1 and B2.
- step S13 Light intensity distribution acquisition step
- the control unit 13 by calculating the two centroids focused spots P contained in the light intensity distribution data D A, specifies the position coordinates of each focused spot P (step S14).
- the position coordinates (xp, yp) of the focused spot P are expressed by the following formula (6).
- a ij is the light intensity at the coordinates (i, j) of the light intensity distribution data D A
- R 0 is a calculation target area where the focused spot P can exist in the image sensor 122. Note that before the center of gravity calculations, the light intensity distribution data D A, may be subjected to processing such as threshold and noise reduction.
- control unit 13 shifts the angle between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 according to the principle shown in FIG. 11 based on the relative relationship between the position coordinates of the two focused spots P calculated in step S14.
- the amount is calculated (step S15, angle calculation step).
- control unit 13 may adjust the angle around at least one of the light image La of the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 so that the amount of angular deviation calculated in step S15 is small (step S16, Adjustment step).
- This adjustment is performed, for example, by adjusting one or both of the attachment angle of the spatial light modulator 11 and the attachment angle of the wavefront sensor 12.
- the angle adjustment eliminates the correspondence between the regions B1 and B2 and the two focused spots P, so the above steps S12 to S16 may be repeated. If the amount of angular deviation calculated in step S15 becomes substantially zero, the angle adjustment is completed.
- a phase pattern having linearity in at least one direction is displayed in the regions B1 and B2 of the spatial light modulator 11, and a space B3 surrounding the regions B1 and B2 is displayed in the space B3.
- a space B3 surrounding the regions B1 and B2 is displayed in the space B3.
- the angle shift amount of the relative positional relationship between these focused spots P includes a modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 Fluctuates depending on Therefore, the amount of angular deviation between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 can be detected based on the relative positional relationship between the focused spots P corresponding to the regions B1 and B2.
- a special part or structure for detecting the angle deviation amount is not required, and the angle deviation amount can be detected easily and in a short time only by the operation of the control unit 13.
- the structure of the phase pattern is complicated, and its creation is not easy.
- it may be an area B1 ⁇ B3 consisting of simple phase pattern including the phase pattern P A, a structure of the phase pattern is simple, creating a phase pattern is easy by the control unit 13 .
- it is necessary to calculate the overall wavefront shape based on the light intensity distribution data output from the wavefront sensor 12.
- the present embodiment since the amount of angular deviation can be detected based on only a part of the light intensity distribution data, the calculation process is facilitated.
- the angle deviation amount around the optical axis between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 can be easily detected, and the angle Adjustments can be made.
- the sizes of the regions B1 and B2 are set so that the size of the wavefront portion A4 (see FIG. 7) matches the diameter of the lens 124 (see Formula (5)).
- the sizes of the regions B1 and B2 are not limited to this, and may be set such that, for example, the length of one side of the wavefront portion A4 is n 1 times the diameter of the lens 124 (n 1 is a natural number).
- the arrangement pitch of the pixels 11 b on the modulation surface 11 a is slmPITCH
- the arrangement pitch of the lenses 124 in the lens array 120 is mlaPITCH
- the imaging magnification of the optical system between the modulation surface 11 a and the lens surface of the lens array 120 is Assuming M, the number of pixels w on one side of the regions B1 and B2 is expressed by the following equation (7).
- the light intensity distribution acquisition step S13 in a state of displaying the first phase pattern having a linearity in at least one direction in the region B1 and B2, obtains the light intensity distribution data D A ing.
- the first phase patterns displayed in the areas B1 and B2 are not necessarily displayed at the same time, and the above-described embodiment can be modified as follows.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing the operation of the angle deviation detection method and the control unit 13 according to the second embodiment.
- steps S21 to S24 are provided instead of steps S12 and S13 shown in FIG. Since other steps are the same as those in the first embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- step S21 the control unit 13 creates a special phase pattern P B for detecting the amount of angular deviation and displays it on the modulation surface 11a.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram conceptually showing the phase pattern P B of this modification. As shown in FIG. 22, in the phase pattern P B , a first phase pattern (for example, see FIG. 18) having linearity in at least one direction is displayed in the first region B1 on the modulation surface 11a. At the same time, a spatially nonlinear second phase pattern (see, for example, FIGS. 12 to 15) is displayed in a region B4 surrounding the first region B1 on the modulation surface 11a.
- a first phase pattern for example, see FIG. 18
- a spatially nonlinear second phase pattern is displayed in a region B4 surrounding the first region B1 on the modulation surface 11a.
- step S22 the control unit 13, in a state of displaying the phase pattern P B, the first light intensity distribution data by the image sensor 122 (hereinafter, this light intensity distribution data and D B) (First light intensity distribution acquisition step).
- This first light intensity distribution data D B include condensed spot P corresponding to the region B1.
- step S23 the control unit 13, it creates a special phase pattern P C for the detection of the angular deviation amount, to be displayed on the modulation surface 11a.
- Figure 23 is a diagram conceptually showing the phase pattern P C of the modification. As shown in FIG. 23, the phase pattern P C, the second region B2 on the modulation surface 11a, and displays the first phase pattern having a linearity in at least one direction (see FIG. 18 for example). At the same time, a spatially nonlinear second phase pattern (see, for example, FIGS. 12 to 15) is displayed in a region B5 surrounding the second region B2 on the modulation surface 11a.
- step S24 the control unit 13, in a state of displaying the phase pattern P C, the second light intensity distribution data by the image sensor 122 (hereinafter, this light intensity distribution data and D C) (Second light intensity distribution acquisition step).
- This second light intensity distribution data D C include condensed spot P corresponding to the region B2.
- control unit 13 identifies the two coordinates of the light intensity distribution data D B and D C to converged spot P contained respectively obtained by the steps S21 ⁇ S24 (step S14), and the relative position relationship Based on this, the amount of angular deviation between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 is calculated (angle calculation step S15). Also in this embodiment, the control unit 13 adjusts the angle around the optical image La of at least one of the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 so that the amount of angular deviation calculated in step S15 is small. (Adjustment step S16).
- the second light having the first light intensity distribution data D B containing condensed spot P corresponding to the first region B1, the focused spot P corresponding to the second area B2 It obtains the intensity distribution data D C sequentially, these light intensity distribution data D B, may be obtained relative positional relationship between the two focal spot P from D C. Even with such a method, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the first phase pattern having linearity in at least one direction is displayed in the two regions B1 and B2, and based on the relative positional relationship between the focused spots P corresponding thereto.
- the angular deviation detection method and the adaptive optics system 10 according to one aspect of the present invention can obtain the angular deviation amount even by the method described below.
- the configuration of the adaptive optics system 10 excluding the operation of the control unit 13 is the same as that in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 24 in this embodiment is displayed on the modulation surface 11a, a diagram conceptually showing the specific phase pattern P D for detection of the angle displacement amount.
- the phase pattern P D was placed in a row in one direction, it includes three regions B6 ⁇ B8 adjacent to each other. Further, the phase pattern P D includes a region B9 enclosing the region B6 ⁇ B8. Note that the length of one side of each of the regions B6 to B8 is the same as the regions B1 and B2 of the first and second embodiments described above.
- FIG. 25A is a diagram conceptually showing the relative relationship between the regions B6 to B8 and the lens array 120.
- FIG. 25 This shows a case where there is no positional deviation between the wavefront sensor 12 and the wavefront sensor 12.
- FIG. 25 (b) is in the case shown in FIG. 25 (a), a diagram showing a light intensity distribution data D D.
- the arrow An indicates the row direction of the modulation surface 11a
- the arrow Am indicates the column direction of the modulation surface 11a.
- FIG. 26A shows a case where an angular deviation (deviation amount ⁇ ) occurs between the modulation surface 11 a and the wavefront sensor 12. Regions this case, as shown in FIG. 26 (b), in the light intensity distribution data D D, but does not change clarity focal spot P corresponding to the region B7 located at the rotation center, which is located on the upper and lower The clarity of the focused spot P corresponding to B6 and B8 decreases. Further, since light is incident on the lens 124 adjacent to the lens 124 corresponding to the regions B6 and B8 in the direction of the angular deviation, a weak condensing spot P is formed by these lenses 124.
- the condensing spot P with slightly reduced clarity is indicated by a white circle, and the weak condensing spot P is indicated by a broken line. Therefore, based on the relative positional relationship and clarity of these focused spots P, the amount of angular deviation ⁇ between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 can be detected.
- FIG. 27A shows a case where a positional shift occurs in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the optical image La in addition to the angular shift (shift amount ⁇ ) between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12.
- the central region B7 is also displaced from the predetermined position, so that the clarity of the focused spot P corresponding to the region B7 is also reduced.
- a plurality of weak condensing spots P are formed by these lenses 124.
- Such light intensity distribution data D based on D to adjust the relative position between the modulated surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12, after which it is possible to adjust the angle between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12.
- FIG. 28 is a flowchart showing the operation of the angle deviation detection method and the control unit 13 according to the present embodiment.
- the angle deviation detection method is stored as the adaptive optics system program in the storage area 13a of the control unit 13 shown in FIG. 1, and the control unit 13 reads and executes this program.
- step S31 an initial process of the control unit 13 is performed (step S31).
- step S31 The details of step S31 are the same as step S11 of the first embodiment described above.
- the control unit 13 creates a special phase pattern P D for the detection of the angular deviation amount, to be displayed on the modulation surface 11a (step S32).
- phase patterns having linearity in at least one direction (for example, FIG. 5) in regions B6 to B8 on the modulation surface 11a respectively corresponding to the three lenses 124 arranged in a row among the plurality of lenses 124 of the lens array 120. 18), and a spatially nonlinear phase pattern (see, for example, FIGS. 12 to 15) is displayed in a region B9 surrounding the regions B6 to B8.
- the control unit 13 in a state of displaying the phase pattern P D, the image sensor 122 to acquire the light intensity distribution data D D (step S33).
- the control unit 13 any region B6 ⁇ B8 of the light intensity distribution data D D (e.g., the central region B7) as focused spot P corresponding to become clear, the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 Is adjusted (step S34).
- This positional deviation is adjusted by adjusting the relative relationship between the mounting position of the wavefront sensor 12 and the mounting position of the spatial light modulator 11.
- the position coordinate which is assumed on the modulation surface 11a when displaying the phase pattern P D may be performed by adjusting the relative positional relationship between the wavefront sensor 12.
- step S35 the light intensity distribution acquiring step. Since the displacement between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 has already been adjusted in step S34 described above, the light intensity distribution data D D at this time is as shown in FIG. 26 (b).
- control unit 13 is included in the light intensity distribution data D D, and the position coordinates and clarity of the plurality of focused spots P corresponding to the region B6, the position coordinates of a plurality of light spots P corresponding to the region B8 and Based on the relative relationship with the clarity, an angle deviation amount ⁇ between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 is obtained (step S36, angle calculation step).
- control unit 13 adjusts the angle around the optical image La of at least one of the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 so that the angle deviation amount ⁇ obtained in step S36 becomes small (step S37, adjustment). Step).
- the clarity of the two focused spots P corresponding to the regions B6 and B8 is increased, and the weak focused spot P adjacent to the focused spots P corresponding to the regions B6 and B8 is further reduced. Adjust these angles. This adjustment is performed, for example, by adjusting one or both of the attachment angle of the spatial light modulator 11 and the attachment angle of the wavefront sensor 12.
- steps S33 to S37 are repeated until a predetermined end condition is satisfied (step S38).
- steps S32 ⁇ S37 until a predetermined termination condition is satisfied (step S38).
- the above-described angle deviation detection method of the adaptive optics system 10 according to the present embodiment and the effects obtained by the adaptive optics system 10 will be described.
- a phase pattern having linearity in at least one direction is displayed in the regions B6 to B8 of the spatial light modulator 11, and a space B9 surrounding the regions B6 to B8 is displayed in the space B9.
- the light intensity distribution data DD is acquired by the image sensor 122 of the wavefront sensor 12.
- the relative positions of these focused spots P (in particular, focused spot P corresponding to the region B6, B8)
- the relationship varies according to the amount of angular deviation between the modulation surface 11 a and the wavefront sensor 12. Accordingly, the amount of angular deviation between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 can be detected based on the relative positional relationship of the focused spot P corresponding to the regions B6 to B8.
- no special parts or structures for detecting the angle deviation amount are required, and the angle deviation amount can be easily and in a short time only by the operation of the control unit 13. Can be detected.
- the light intensity distribution data DD is acquired in a state where the first phase pattern having linearity in at least one direction is displayed in the regions B6 to B8. Yes.
- the first phase patterns displayed in the regions B6 to B8 are not necessarily displayed at the same time.
- the first phase patterns are sequentially displayed in the regions B6 to B8, and the light intensity is displayed.
- Distribution data may be acquired, and the process of step S36 may be performed based on the obtained three light intensity distribution data.
- the first to third embodiments described above all relate to the amount of angular deviation between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12.
- an imaging magnification detection method for the compensation optical system 10 and the compensation optical system 10 including methods and operations common to the first to third embodiments will be described.
- the configuration of the adaptive optics system 10 excluding the operation of the control unit 13 is the same as that in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 29 is a flowchart showing the operation of the imaging magnification detection method and the control unit 13 according to the present embodiment.
- the imaging magnification detection method is stored as a compensation optical system program in the storage area 13a of the control unit 13 shown in FIG. 1, and the control unit 13 reads and executes this program.
- step S41 an initial process of the control unit 13 is performed (step S41).
- step S41 The details of step S41 are the same as step S11 of the first embodiment described above.
- control unit 13 creates a special phase pattern P A (see Figure 8) for the detection of the imaging magnification, to be displayed on the modulation surface 11a (step S42).
- the details of phase pattern P A is the same as the first embodiment.
- control unit 13 in a state of displaying the phase pattern P A, the image sensor 122 to acquire the light intensity distribution data D A (step S43, the light intensity distribution acquiring step).
- the control unit 13 by calculating the two centroids focused spots P contained in the light intensity distribution data D A, specifies the position coordinates of each focused spot P (xp, yp) (step S44 ).
- the calculation method of the position coordinate (xp, yp) of the condensing spot P is the same as that of step S14 of 1st Embodiment mentioned above.
- the position coordinates of the condensing spot P corresponding to the area B1 are (xp 1 , yp 1 )
- the position coordinates of the condensing spot P corresponding to the area B2 are (xp 2 , yp 2 ).
- control unit 13 sets the position coordinates (xp 1 , yp 1 ) of the focused spot P corresponding to the region B1 and the position coordinates (xp 2 , yp 2 ) of the focused spot P corresponding to the region B2. Based on the distance, the imaging magnification M between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 is calculated (step S45, magnification calculation step).
- the imaging magnification M is obtained by the ratio (H1 / H2).
- the imaging magnification M is obtained by the following formula (8).
- step S46 various adjustments are performed based on the imaging magnification M calculated in step S45 (step S46).
- a light guide optical system for example, the lens shown in FIG. 1 disposed between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 so that the imaging magnification M calculated in step S45 approaches a predetermined imaging magnification. 15, 16
- Such an adjustment can be applied when the light guide optical system is configured by a zoom lens or the like whose imaging magnification M is variable.
- the relative position in the optical axis direction between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 may be deviated. For example, it is calculated in step S45.
- the optical distance between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 can be adjusted so that the image forming magnification M approaches the predetermined image forming magnification. Also, for example, the size of the area where the wavefront distortion compensation phase pattern is displayed on the modulation surface 11a can be adjusted based on the imaging magnification M calculated in step S45.
- a phase pattern having linearity in at least one direction is displayed in the regions B1 and B2 of the spatial light modulator 11, and a space B3 surrounding the regions B1 and B2 is displayed in the space B3.
- a nonlinear phase pattern is displayed in the space B3.
- This light intensity distribution data D A but the focusing spot P corresponding to the region B1, B2 are formed, the distance of these focused spots P is the magnification between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 It fluctuates according to M. Therefore, the imaging magnification M between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 can be detected based on the distance between the focused spots P corresponding to the regions B1 and B2. In this embodiment, no special parts or structure for detecting the imaging magnification M is required, and the imaging magnification M can be detected easily and in a short time only by the operation of the control unit 13.
- FIG. 30 is a flowchart showing the imaging magnification detection method and the operation of the control unit 13 according to the fifth embodiment.
- steps S51 to S54 are provided instead of steps S42 and S43 shown in FIG. Since other steps are the same as those in the fourth embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- step S51 the control unit 13 creates a special phase pattern P B (see FIG. 22) for detecting the imaging magnification and displays it on the modulation surface 11a.
- the details of the phase pattern P B are the same as in the second embodiment.
- step S52 the control unit 13, in a state of displaying the phase pattern P B, first to obtain the light intensity distribution data D B (first light intensity distribution acquisition step) by the image sensor 122.
- This first light intensity distribution data D B include condensed spot P corresponding to the region B1.
- step S53 the control unit 13 creates a special phase pattern P C (see FIG. 23) for detecting the imaging magnification and displays it on the modulation surface 11a.
- the details of the phase pattern P C is similar to the second embodiment.
- step S54 the control unit 13, in a state of displaying the phase pattern P C, the second to obtain the light intensity distribution data D C (second light intensity distribution acquisition step) by the image sensor 122.
- This second light intensity distribution data D C include condensed spot P corresponding to the region B2.
- control unit 13 identifies the two coordinates of the light intensity distribution data D B and D C to converged spot P contained respectively obtained by the steps S51 ⁇ S54 (step S44), based on their distance
- the imaging magnification M between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 is calculated (magnification calculation step S45).
- various adjustments in step S46 are performed.
- the intensity distribution data D C may be acquired in order, and the distance between the two focused spots P may be obtained from these light intensity distribution data D B and D C. Even with such a method, the same effect as the fourth embodiment can be obtained.
- the first region B1 and the second region B2 are separated from each other.
- the first region B1 and the second region B2 may be regions adjacent to each other in the row direction or the column direction.
- the first region B1 and the second region B2 may be regions adjacent to each other in the diagonal direction. Even in the case where the regions B1 and B2 are arranged as described above, the same effects as those of the above embodiments can be obtained. However, when the regions B1 and B2 are separated from each other, there is little possibility that the corresponding focused spots P overlap each other. Accordingly, the regions B1 and B2 may be separated from each other depending on the shape of the first phase pattern having linearity.
- the first phase pattern having linearity in at least one direction is displayed in the regions B1 and B2 (or the regions B6 to B8), and the spatially nonlinear second phase pattern is displayed in the regions B3 to B5. (Or area B9).
- a phase pattern having linearity in at least one direction is displayed in the regions B3 to B5 (or the region B9) and a spatially nonlinear phase pattern is displayed in the regions B1 and B2 (or the regions B6 to B8). Even if it exists, the effect similar to the said embodiment can be acquired.
- Equation (3) described above can be rewritten as follows.
- the condensing spot P corresponding to the regions B1 and B2 becomes unclear, and the condensing spot P corresponding to the surrounding regions B3 to B5 (or region B9) is clear.
- the relative relationship between the position coordinates of the focused spot P formed around the area B1 (or area B6) and the position coordinates of the focused spot P formed around the area B2 (or area B8) ( Alternatively, the amount of angular deviation (or imaging magnification M) between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 can be calculated based on the distance.
- the amount of angular deviation (or imaging magnification M) around the optical axis between the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront sensor 12 can be easily detected.
- a phase pattern having linearity can be displayed in all regions other than the regions B1 and B2 (or regions B6 to B8), the phase pattern is used as a phase pattern for wavefront distortion compensation, so that adaptive optics is being executed. In parallel with this, it is possible to detect the amount of angular deviation (or imaging magnification M).
- the constant a is used as an example of the first phase pattern having linearity in at least one direction displayed in the region B1, B2, or B6 to B8 (the region B3 to B5 or B9 in the second modification).
- the first phase pattern may be a phase distribution inclined (linearly changed) in at least one direction.
- the phase pattern P A comprising such a phase pattern is represented by the following equation (10).
- n 0 and m 0 are the central pixels of the regions B1 and B2 (ROI)
- a, b, and c are constants.
- FIG. 34 shows a phase distribution in which the phase value is inclined in both the first direction (for example, the row direction) and the second direction (for example, the column direction). This is the phase distribution in the ROI when b ⁇ 0 and c ⁇ 0 in the above equation (10). 33 and 34 also show a graph of the phase modulation amount at one location in the row direction and the column direction.
- the wavefront of the optical image La in the portion becomes flat, and thus a clear condensing spot P is formed by the lens 124. Therefore, as in the above embodiments and modifications, the amount of angular deviation or the imaging magnification M can be detected based on the relative positional relationship or distance of the focused spot P.
- the position of the center of gravity of the focused spot P is shifted by the inclination of the first phase pattern. Therefore, when detecting the amount of angular deviation or the imaging magnification M, the same calculation as in each of the above embodiments can be performed in consideration of the deviation of the center of gravity.
- the amount of deviation of the center of gravity position of the focused spot P is uniquely determined based on the configuration parameters of the wavefront sensor 12 and the coefficients b and c. Further, since the original position of the center of gravity can be obtained by subtracting the amount of deviation from the position of the center of gravity of the condensing spot P, the angle deviation amount or the imaging magnification M is detected by the same procedure as in the above embodiments. It is possible.
- the first phase pattern displayed in the areas B1, B2, or B6 to B8 (areas B3 to B5 or B9 in the second modification) has a phase distribution in the first direction as shown in FIG. It may be a phase distribution having a function and having a substantially uniform phase value in the second direction (that is, a phase distribution having a cylindrical lens effect in the first direction).
- the phase pattern P A comprising such a phase distribution is expressed by the following equation (11).
- n 1 and m 1 are the central pixels of the region B1 (ROI (n 1 , m 1 ))
- n 2 and m 2 are the central pixels of the region B2 (ROI (n 2 , m 2 )).
- a 1 , b 1 , a 2 and b 2 are constants.
- the wavefront sensor 12 forms a focused spot P that extends in the first direction and is focused in the second direction. Thereby, the position of the 2nd direction of the condensing spot P formed can be obtained.
- the first direction and the mutually interchanged phase distribution of the second direction i.e., phase distribution having a cylindrical lens effect in the second direction
- the position of the condensing spot P in the first direction is obtained. Accordingly, by using a phase pattern having linearity in at least one direction as shown in FIG.
- the phase pattern P A comprising a phase distribution having a cylindrical lens effect may be created by the following equation (12). Equation phase pattern P A represented by (12) is different from the phase pattern represented by Equation (11), the phase distribution in the first direction in the area B1 has a quadratic function, in the region B2 second The phase distribution in the direction has a quadratic function.
- the focusing spot P corresponding to the region B1 that is, focused spot P which is focused in a second direction extending in a first direction
- the position in the second direction is determined.
- the position in the first direction is obtained based on the focused spot P corresponding to the region B2, that is, the focused spot P extending in the second direction and focused in the first direction.
- a phase distribution in which the phase distributions of the regions B1 and B2 are interchanged that is, the phase distribution in the second direction has a quadratic function in the region B1, and the phase distribution in the first direction in the region B2 is 2).
- phase pattern P a containing phase distribution having the following functions is displayed on the modulation surface 11a
- a first direction position based on the focused spot P extending in a second direction corresponding to the area B1 is calculated
- the position in the second direction is obtained based on the focused spot P extending in the first direction corresponding to the region B2.
- the amount of angular deviation and the imaging magnification can be detected in the same manner as in the above-described embodiments and modifications.
- the first phase pattern displayed in the region B1, B2 or B6 to B8 has a phase distribution in the first direction as shown in FIG.
- the phase distribution may be such that the phase value is substantially uniform in the second direction.
- the wavefront sensor 12 forms a plurality of focused spots P that are separated in the first direction and focused in the second direction. Therefore, the position of the condensing spot P in the second direction is obtained.
- the position of the focused spot P in the first direction is obtained using the phase pattern including the phase distribution obtained by rotating the direction of the diffraction grating by 90 ° in the regions B1 and B2. Then, using the positions of the focused spots P corresponding to the regions B1 and B2, the amount of angular deviation and the imaging magnification can be detected as in the above-described embodiments and modifications.
- the first phase pattern displayed in the areas B1, B2 or B6 to B8 (area B3 to B5 or B9 in the second modification) has the phase distribution shown in the first embodiment and the third to fifth modifications. It may include a composite pattern superimposed on each other.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram showing an example of a composite pattern obtained by such superposition.
- the phase pattern shown in FIG. 37A is shown in FIG. 35, and the phase pattern shown in FIG. 37B is obtained by rotating the phase pattern shown in FIG. 33 by 90 °. .
- the phase pattern shown in FIG. 37 (c) is a composite pattern obtained by superimposing these, and the phase distribution in the first direction has a quadratic function, and the phase distribution in the second direction is a linear function.
- the wavefront sensor 12 forms a condensing spot P that extends in the first direction and is focused in the second direction. . Therefore, the position in the second direction of the focused spot P to be formed is obtained.
- the obtained position in the second direction includes a deviation amount due to the gradient phase distribution as shown in FIG. By subtracting this deviation amount, the center of gravity position in the original second direction can be obtained. Subsequently, the center of gravity position in the first direction can be obtained by displaying the phase pattern shown in 37 (c) rotated 90 degrees. Then, using the positions of the focused spots P corresponding to the regions B1 and B2, the amount of angular deviation and the imaging magnification can be detected in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment and each modification.
- the position of the condensing spot P in the optical axis direction deviates from the focal plane of the lens 124 (that is, the surface of the image sensor 122). . For this reason, a blurred point image is formed on the surface of the image sensor 122.
- Phase pattern P A comprising such FZP phase pattern is represented by the following equation (13).
- a 2 are constants
- b 2 is sufficiently large constant.
- (N k , m k ) is the central pixel of the regions B3 to B5. Since b 2 is sufficiently large, the condensing spot P formed by the lens 124 can be sufficiently separated from the focal plane of the lens 124 (the surface of the image sensor 122).
- the lens array 120 of the wavefront sensor 12 is illustrated as having a plurality of lenses 124 arranged in a two-dimensional lattice as shown in FIG.
- the lens array of the wavefront sensor 12 is not limited to such a form.
- the lens array 120 may have a honeycomb structure in which a plurality of regular hexagonal lenses 128 are arranged without gaps.
- the region B1, B2 or B6 to B8 may be set to a hexagon.
- a spatial light modulator in which a plurality of regular hexagonal pixels are arranged without gaps may be used.
- the spatial light modulator using liquid crystal has been described as an example.
- the spatial light modulator using a material having an electro-optic effect other than liquid crystal, or the pixel is formed by a micromirror.
- a spatial light modulator or a variable mirror that deforms a film mirror with an actuator may be used.
- the angle shift detection method of the compensation optical system, the imaging magnification detection method of the compensation optical system, and the compensation optical system according to one aspect of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various other modifications are possible. It is.
- the size of the region B1, B2, or B6 to B8 is set in advance to detect the amount of angular deviation or the like, but the size of the region B1, B2, or B6 to B8 is detected. May be variable.
- FIG. 39 shows an example in which the sizes of the areas B1 and B2 are variable. In the example shown in FIG.
- the sizes of the regions B1 and B2 are set to be relatively large, and an appropriate size (for example, the diameter of the lens 124 is set based on the obtained light intensity distribution data). Corresponding size).
- the sizes of the regions B1 and B2 are set to be relatively small, and an appropriate size (for example, the lens 124) is set based on the obtained light intensity distribution data. (Size corresponding to the diameter).
- Size corresponding to the diameter As described above, by making the sizes of the regions B1 and B2 (or the regions B6 to B8) variable, the regions B1 and B2 (or the regions B6 to B8) having appropriate sizes are set, and the angle deviation amount and the connection result are set. Image magnification can be detected with higher accuracy.
- phase patterns displayed in the areas B1 and B2 are not necessarily the same.
- a phase pattern having a cylindrical effect as shown in FIG. 35 may be displayed in the area B1
- a phase pattern having a diffraction grating structure as shown in FIG. 36 may be displayed in the area B2.
- the adaptive optics system includes one spatial light modulator.
- the adaptive optics system includes a plurality of optically coupled spatial light modulators. May be provided.
- the phase pattern P A (or P D ) is displayed on one spatial light modulator and, for example, a substantially uniform phase pattern is displayed on the other spatial light modulator.
- the phase pattern P A (or P D ) is displayed on one spatial light modulator, and the other spatial light modulator has, for example, a substantially uniform phase pattern.
- the amount of angular deviation or imaging magnification between the one spatial light modulator and the wavefront sensor can be reduced. Detection can be performed. By performing such an operation for each of the plurality of spatial light modulators, it is possible to detect the amount of angular deviation and the imaging magnification between all the spatial light modulators and the wavefront sensor.
- the angle deviation detection method and the compensation optical system of the adaptive optical system it is possible to easily detect the angular deviation around the optical axis between the modulation surface of the spatial light modulator and the wavefront sensor. Can do.
- the imaging magnification detection method and the compensation optical system of the adaptive optics system according to one aspect of the present invention the imaging magnification between the modulation surface of the spatial light modulator and the wavefront sensor can be easily detected. it can.
- SYMBOLS 10 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Compensation optical system, 11 ... Spatial light modulator, 11a ... Modulation surface, 12 ... Wavefront sensor, 13 ... Control part, 14 ... Beam splitter, 15, 16 ... Relay lens, 17 ... Control circuit part, 18 ... Light detection Elements 120, lens array 122, image sensor 122a, light receiving surface 122b, pixel, 124, lens, B1, first area, B2, second area, D1, D2, D A to D D, light Intensity distribution data, La ... optical image, P ... focused spot, P A -P D ... phase pattern.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本実施形態に係る補償光学システム10の構成を概略的に示す図である。補償光学システム10は、例えば眼科検査装置、レーザ加工装置、顕微鏡装置、または補償光学装置などに組み込まれる。この補償光学システム10は、空間光変調器(Spatial Light Modulator;SLM)11、波面センサ12、制御部13、ビームスプリッタ14、リレーレンズ15及び16、並びに制御回路部17を備えている。
上述した第1実施形態では、光強度分布取得ステップS13において、少なくとも一方向に線形性を有する第1の位相パターンを領域B1及びB2に表示させた状態で、光強度分布データDAを取得している。しかしながら、領域B1及びB2に表示される第1の位相パターンは必ずしも同時に表示される必要はなく、上記実施形態は以下のような変形が可能である。
上述した第1及び第2の実施形態では、少なくとも一方向に線形性を有する第1の位相パターンを2つの領域B1及びB2に表示し、これらに対応する集光スポットPの相対位置関係に基づいて角度ずれ量を求めている。本発明の一側面に係る角度ずれ検出方法および補償光学システム10は、以下に説明する方法であっても角度ずれ量を求めることができる。なお、制御部13の動作を除く補償光学システム10の構成は、上記第1実施形態と同様である。
前述した第1~第3の実施の形態は、いずれも変調面11aと波面センサ12との角度ずれ量に関するものである。本実施形態では、第1~第3の実施の形態と共通する方法及び動作を含む、補償光学システム10の結像倍率検出方法および補償光学システム10について説明する。なお、本実施形態において、制御部13の動作を除く補償光学システム10の構成は、上記第1実施形態と同様である。
上述した第4実施形態では、光強度分布取得ステップS43において、少なくとも一方向に線形性を有する第1の位相パターンを領域B1及びB2に表示させた状態で、光強度分布データDAを取得している。しかしながら、結像倍率検出方法においても第2実施形態と同様に、領域B1及びB2に表示される第1の位相パターンは必ずしも同時に表示される必要はない。
上述した各実施形態では、第3実施形態を除き、第1の領域B1と第2の領域B2とが互いに離間した領域である場合を示したが、例えば図31(a)及び図31(b)に示されるように、第1の領域B1と第2の領域B2とは、行方向若しくは列方向に互いに隣接する領域であってもよい。或いは、例えば図32に示されるように、第1の領域B1と第2の領域B2とは、対角方向に互いに隣接する領域であってもよい。これらのように領域B1,B2が配置された場合であっても、上記各実施形態と同様の効果を得ることができる。但し、領域B1,B2が互いに離間している場合には、各々に対応する集光スポットPが互いに重なるおそれが少ない。従って、線形性を有する第1の位相パターンの形状によっては、領域B1,B2が互いに離間していてもよい。
上記各実施形態では、少なくとも一方向に線形性を有する第1の位相パターンを領域B1,B2(若しくは領域B6~B8)に表示し、空間的に非線形な第2の位相パターンを領域B3~B5(若しくは領域B9)に表示している。しかしながら、少なくとも一方向に線形性を有する位相パターンを領域B3~B5(若しくは領域B9)に表示し、空間的に非線形な位相パターンを領域B1,B2(若しくは領域B6~B8)に表示した場合であっても、上記実施形態と同様の効果を得ることができる。なお、この場合、前述した数式(3)は、次のように書き換えられる。
上記各実施形態では、領域B1,B2若しくはB6~B8(第2変形例では領域B3~B5若しくはB9)に表示される少なくとも一方向に線形性を有する第1の位相パターンの例として、定数aで表される略均一な分布を例示した。しかしながら、第1の位相パターンは、少なくとも一方向に傾斜した(線形的に変化する)位相分布であってもよい。なお、このような位相パターンを含む位相パターンPAは、次の数式(10)により表される。
領域B1,B2若しくはB6~B8(第2変形例では領域B3~B5若しくはB9)に表示される第1の位相パターンは、図35に示されるような、第1の方向における位相分布が2次関数を有し、第2の方向において位相値が略均一であるような位相分布(すなわち、第1の方向にシリンドリカルレンズ効果を有する位相分布)であってもよい。なお、このような位相分布を含む位相パターンPAは、次の数式(11)により表される。
領域B1,B2若しくはB6~B8(第2変形例では領域B3~B5若しくはB9)に表示される第1の位相パターンは、図36に示されるような、第1の方向における位相分布が回折格子を構成し、第2の方向において位相値が略均一であるような位相分布であってもよい。図36に示される位相パターンが変調面11aに表示されると、波面センサ12では、第1の方向に分離され、第2の方向に集束された複数の集光スポットPが形成される。従って、集光スポットPの第2の方向の位置が求められる。続いて、回折格子の方向を90°回転させた位相分布を領域B1,B2に含む位相パターンを用いて、集光スポットPの第1の方向の位置が求められる。そして、領域B1とB2に対応する集光スポットPの位置を用いて、上記の実施形態及び各変形例と同様に、角度ずれ量や結像倍率の検出ができる。
領域B1,B2若しくはB6~B8(第2変形例では領域B3~B5若しくはB9)に表示される第1の位相パターンは、第1実施形態および第3~5変形例に示された位相分布を互いに重ね合わせた合成パターンを含んでもよい。図37は、そのような重ね合わせによって得られる合成パターンの例を示す図である。図37(a)に示される位相パターンは図35に示されたものであり、図37(b)に示される位相パターンは、図33に示された位相パターンを90°回転させたものである。そして、図37(c)に示される位相パターンは、これらを重ね合わせた合成パターンであって、第1の方向における位相分布が2次関数を有し、第2の方向における位相分布が線形関数を有する位相パターンである。図37(c)に示された合成パターンが変調面11aに表示されると、波面センサ12では、第1の方向に伸長し、第2の方向に集束された集光スポットPが形成される。従って、形成される集光スポットPの第2の方向の位置が求められる。なお、求められた第2の方向の位置には、図37(b)のような傾斜位相分布によって、ずれ量が含まれる。このずれ量を差し引くことにより、本来の第2の方向の重心位置を得ることができる。続いて、37(c)に示された位相パターンを90度回転したものを表示することにより、第1の方向の重心位置を得ることができる。そして、領域B1,B2に対応する集光スポットPの位置を用いて、上記の実施形態および各変形例と同様に、角度ずれ量や結像倍率の検出ができる。
上記各実施形態および各変形例では、領域B3~B5(第2変形例では領域B9)に表示される空間的に非線形な第2の位相パターンの例として、ランダム分布(図12)及びデフォーカス分布(図13)を例示した。第2の位相パターンはこれらに限られず、明瞭な集光スポットPが形成されないような位相分布を有していればよい。このような位相分布としては、例えばFresnel Zone Plate(FZP)型の位相パターンが挙げられる。FZP型位相パターンは、入射された略均一な位相値を有する光像Laを集光或いは発散させる作用を有する。従って、FZP型位相パターンにより集光或いは発散された光像Laがレンズ124に入射すると、集光スポットPの光軸方向の位置が、レンズ124の焦点面(すなわちイメージセンサ122の表面)からずれる。このため、イメージセンサ122の表面では、ぼけた点像が形成される。
上記各実施形態および各変形例では、波面センサ12のレンズアレイ120として、図3に示されたように、複数のレンズ124が二次元格子状に配列された形態を例示している。しかしながら、波面センサ12のレンズアレイはこのような形態に限られない。例えば、図38に示されるように、レンズアレイ120は、正六角形の複数のレンズ128が隙間無く並んだハニカム構造を有していてもよい。なお、この場合、領域B1,B2若しくはB6~B8は、六角形に設定されてもよい。
Claims (16)
- 変調面に入射した光像の位相を空間的に変調する空間光変調器と、複数のレンズが二次元状に配列されたレンズアレイ、並びに前記レンズアレイによって形成された集光スポットを含む光強度分布を検出する光検出素子を有しており前記空間光変調器から変調後の前記光像を受ける波面センサとを備え、前記光強度分布から得られる前記光像の波面形状に基づいて前記空間光変調器に表示される位相パターンを制御することにより波面歪みを補償する補償光学システムにおいて、前記変調面と前記波面センサとの角度ずれ量を算出する方法であって、
前記複数のレンズのうちの一若しくは互いに隣接する二以上のレンズに各々対応する前記変調面上の第1及び第2の領域に、少なくとも一方向に線形性を有する位相パターン及び空間的に非線形な位相パターンのうち一方を表示させ、前記第1及び第2の領域を囲む領域に他方を表示させた状態で、前記光検出素子により前記光強度分布を取得する光強度分布取得ステップと、
前記光強度分布取得ステップにおいて得られた前記光強度分布に含まれる、前記第1の領域に対応する前記集光スポットと前記第2の領域に対応する前記集光スポットとの相対位置関係に基づいて、前記変調面と前記波面センサとの角度ずれ量を求める角度算出ステップと、
を備える補償光学システムの角度ずれ検出方法。 - 変調面に入射した光像の位相を空間的に変調する空間光変調器と、複数のレンズが二次元状に配列されたレンズアレイ、並びに前記レンズアレイによって形成された集光スポットを含む光強度分布を検出する光検出素子を有しており前記空間光変調器から変調後の前記光像を受ける波面センサとを備え、前記光強度分布から得られる前記光像の波面形状に基づいて前記空間光変調器に表示される位相パターンを制御することにより波面歪みを補償する補償光学システムにおいて、前記変調面と前記波面センサとの角度ずれ量を算出する方法であって、
前記複数のレンズのうちの一若しくは互いに隣接する二以上のレンズに対応する前記変調面上の第1の領域に、少なくとも一方向に線形性を有する位相パターン及び空間的に非線形な位相パターンのうち一方を表示させ、前記第1の領域を囲む領域に他方を表示させた状態で、前記光検出素子により第1の前記光強度分布を取得する第1の光強度分布取得ステップと、
前記複数のレンズのうちの一若しくは互いに隣接する二以上のレンズに対応しており前記第1の領域とは別の領域である前記変調面上の第2の領域に、少なくとも一方向に線形性を有する位相パターン及び空間的に非線形な位相パターンのうち一方を表示させ、前記第2の領域を囲む領域に他方を表示させた状態で、前記光検出素子により第2の前記光強度分布を取得する第2の光強度分布取得ステップと、
前記第1の光強度分布に含まれる前記第1の領域に対応する前記集光スポットと、前記第2の光強度分布に含まれる前記第2の領域に対応する前記集光スポットとの相対位置関係に基づいて、前記変調面と前記波面センサとの角度ずれ量を求める角度算出ステップと、
を備える補償光学システムの角度ずれ検出方法。 - 前記角度算出ステップにより算出された前記角度ずれ量が小さくなるように、前記変調面及び前記波面センサのうち少なくとも一方の前記光像周りの角度を調整する調整ステップを更に備える請求項1または2に記載の補償光学システムの角度ずれ検出方法。
- 前記第1及び第2の領域が互いに隣接する領域である請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の補償光学システムの角度ずれ検出方法。
- 前記第1及び第2の領域が互いに離間した領域である請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の補償光学システムの角度ずれ検出方法。
- 変調面に入射した光像の位相を空間的に変調する空間光変調器と、複数のレンズが二次元状に配列されたレンズアレイ、並びに前記レンズアレイによって形成された集光スポットを含む光強度分布を検出する光検出素子を有しており前記空間光変調器から変調後の前記光像を受ける波面センサとを備え、前記光強度分布から得られる前記光像の波面形状に基づいて前記空間光変調器に表示される位相パターンを制御することにより波面歪みを補償する補償光学システムにおいて、前記変調面と前記波面センサとの間の結像倍率を検出する方法であって、
前記複数のレンズのうちの一若しくは互いに隣接する二以上のレンズに各々対応する前記変調面上の第1及び第2の領域に、少なくとも一方向に線形性を有する位相パターン及び空間的に非線形な位相パターンのうち一方を表示させ、前記第1及び第2の領域を囲む領域に他方を表示させた状態で、前記光検出素子により前記光強度分布を取得する光強度分布取得ステップと、
前記光強度分布取得ステップにおいて得られた前記光強度分布に含まれる、前記第1の領域に対応する前記集光スポットと前記第2の領域に対応する前記集光スポットとの距離に基づいて、前記変調面と前記波面センサとの間の結像倍率を求める倍率算出ステップと、
を備える補償光学システムの結像倍率検出方法。 - 変調面に入射した光像の位相を空間的に変調する空間光変調器と、複数のレンズが二次元状に配列されたレンズアレイ、並びに前記レンズアレイによって形成された集光スポットを含む光強度分布を検出する光検出素子を有しており前記空間光変調器から変調後の前記光像を受ける波面センサとを備え、前記光強度分布から得られる前記光像の波面形状に基づいて前記空間光変調器に表示される位相パターンを制御することにより波面歪みを補償する補償光学システムにおいて、前記変調面と前記波面センサとの間の結像倍率を検出する方法であって、
前記複数のレンズのうちの一若しくは互いに隣接する二以上のレンズに対応する前記変調面上の第1の領域に、少なくとも一方向に線形性を有する位相パターン及び空間的に非線形な位相パターンのうち一方を表示させ、前記第1の領域を囲む領域に他方を表示させた状態で、前記光検出素子により第1の前記光強度分布を取得する第1の光強度分布取得ステップと、
前記複数のレンズのうちの一若しくは互いに隣接する二以上のレンズに対応しており前記第1の領域とは別の領域である前記変調面上の第2の領域に、少なくとも一方向に線形性を有する位相パターン及び空間的に非線形な位相パターンのうち一方を表示させ、前記第2の領域を囲む領域に他方を表示させた状態で、前記光検出素子により第2の前記光強度分布を取得する第2の光強度分布取得ステップと、
前記第1の光強度分布に含まれる前記第1の領域に対応する前記集光スポットと、前記第2の光強度分布に含まれる前記第2の領域に対応する前記集光スポットとの距離に基づいて、前記変調面と前記波面センサとの間の結像倍率を求める倍率算出ステップと、
を備える補償光学システムの結像倍率検出方法。 - 前記倍率算出ステップにより算出された前記結像倍率が所定の結像倍率に近づくように、前記変調面と前記波面センサとの間に配置された導光光学系の倍率を調整する調整ステップを更に備える請求項6または7に記載の補償光学システムの結像倍率検出方法。
- 前記倍率算出ステップにより算出された前記結像倍率が所定の結像倍率に近づくように、前記変調面と前記波面センサとの光学距離を調整する調整ステップを更に備える請求項6または7に記載の補償光学システムの結像倍率検出方法。
- 前記倍率算出ステップにより算出された前記結像倍率に基づいて、波面歪みを補償するための前記位相パターンが表示される前記変調面上の領域の大きさを調整する調整ステップを更に備える請求項6または7に記載の補償光学システムの結像倍率検出方法。
- 前記第1及び第2の領域が互いに隣接する領域である請求項6~10のいずれか一項に記載の補償光学システムの結像倍率検出方法。
- 前記第1及び第2の領域が互いに離間した領域である請求項6~10のいずれか一項に記載の補償光学システムの結像倍率検出方法。
- 変調面に入射した光像の位相を空間的に変調する空間光変調器と、
複数のレンズが二次元状に配列されたレンズアレイ、並びに前記レンズアレイによって形成された集光スポットを含む光強度分布を検出する光検出素子を有しており前記空間光変調器から変調後の前記光像を受ける波面センサと、
前記光強度分布から得られる前記光像の波面形状に基づいて前記空間光変調器に表示される位相パターンを制御することにより波面歪みを補償する制御部と、
を備え、
前記制御部が、前記複数のレンズのうちの一若しくは互いに隣接する二以上のレンズに各々対応する前記変調面上の第1及び第2の領域に、少なくとも一方向に線形性を有する位相パターン及び空間的に非線形な位相パターンのうち一方を表示させ、前記第1及び第2の領域を囲む領域に他方を表示させた状態で、前記光検出素子により前記光強度分布を取得し、該光強度分布に含まれる、前記第1の領域に対応する前記集光スポットと前記第2の領域に対応する前記集光スポットとの相対位置関係に基づいて、前記変調面と前記波面センサとの角度ずれ量を求める補償光学システム。 - 変調面に入射した光像の位相を空間的に変調する空間光変調器と、
複数のレンズが二次元状に配列されたレンズアレイ、並びに前記レンズアレイによって形成された集光スポットを含む光強度分布を検出する光検出素子を有しており前記空間光変調器から変調後の前記光像を受ける波面センサと、
前記光強度分布から得られる前記光像の波面形状に基づいて前記空間光変調器に表示される位相パターンを制御することにより波面歪みを補償する制御部と、
を備え、
前記制御部が、前記複数のレンズのうちの一若しくは互いに隣接する二以上のレンズに対応する前記変調面上の第1の領域に、少なくとも一方向に線形性を有する位相パターン及び空間的に非線形な位相パターンのうち一方を表示させ、前記第1の領域を囲む領域に他方を表示させた状態で、前記光検出素子により第1の前記光強度分布を取得し、前記複数のレンズのうちの一若しくは互いに隣接する二以上のレンズに対応しており前記第1の領域とは別の領域である前記変調面上の第2の領域に、少なくとも一方向に線形性を有する位相パターン及び空間的に非線形な位相パターンのうち一方を表示させ、前記第2の領域を囲む領域に他方を表示させた状態で、前記光検出素子により第2の前記光強度分布を取得し、前記第1の光強度分布に含まれる前記第1の領域に対応する前記集光スポットと、前記第2の光強度分布に含まれる前記第2の領域に対応する前記集光スポットとの相対位置関係に基づいて、前記変調面と前記波面センサとの角度ずれ量を求める補償光学システム。 - 変調面に入射した光像の位相を空間的に変調する空間光変調器と、
複数のレンズが二次元状に配列されたレンズアレイ、並びに前記レンズアレイによって形成された集光スポットを含む光強度分布を検出する光検出素子を有しており前記空間光変調器から変調後の前記光像を受ける波面センサと、
前記光強度分布から得られる前記光像の波面形状に基づいて前記空間光変調器に表示される位相パターンを制御することにより波面歪みを補償する制御部と、
を備え、
前記制御部が、前記複数のレンズのうちの一若しくは互いに隣接する二以上のレンズに各々対応する前記変調面上の第1及び第2の領域に、少なくとも一方向に線形性を有する位相パターン及び空間的に非線形な位相パターンのうち一方を表示させ、前記第1及び第2の領域を囲む領域に他方を表示させた状態で、前記光検出素子により前記光強度分布を取得し、該光強度分布に含まれる、前記第1の領域に対応する前記集光スポットと前記第2の領域に対応する前記集光スポットとの距離に基づいて、前記変調面と前記波面センサとの間の結像倍率を求める補償光学システム。 - 変調面に入射した光像の位相を空間的に変調する空間光変調器と、
複数のレンズが二次元状に配列されたレンズアレイ、並びに前記レンズアレイによって形成された集光スポットを含む光強度分布を検出する光検出素子を有しており前記空間光変調器から変調後の前記光像を受ける波面センサと、
前記光強度分布から得られる前記光像の波面形状に基づいて前記空間光変調器に表示される位相パターンを制御することにより波面歪みを補償する制御部と、
を備え、
前記制御部が、前記複数のレンズのうちの一若しくは互いに隣接する二以上のレンズに対応する前記変調面上の第1の領域に、少なくとも一方向に線形性を有する位相パターン及び空間的に非線形な位相パターンのうち一方を表示させ、前記第1の領域を囲む領域に他方を表示させた状態で、前記光検出素子により第1の前記光強度分布を取得し、前記複数のレンズのうちの一若しくは互いに隣接する二以上のレンズに対応しており前記第1の領域とは別の領域である前記変調面上の第2の領域に、少なくとも一方向に線形性を有する位相パターン及び空間的に非線形な位相パターンのうち一方を表示させ、前記第2の領域を囲む領域に他方を表示させた状態で、前記光検出素子により第2の前記光強度分布を取得し、前記第1の光強度分布に含まれる前記第1の領域に対応する前記集光スポットと、前記第2の光強度分布に含まれる前記第2の領域に対応する前記集光スポットとの距離に基づいて、前記変調面と前記波面センサとの間の結像倍率を求める補償光学システム。
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JP2018530976A (ja) * | 2015-07-15 | 2018-10-18 | ザ セクレタリー,デパートメント オブ エレクトロニクス アンド インフォメーション テクノロジー(ディーイーアイティーワイ) | 自由空間光通信システム、装置、及びそれらの方法 |
JP2021184640A (ja) * | 2015-07-15 | 2021-12-02 | ザ セクレタリー,デパートメント オブ エレクトロニクス アンド インフォメーション テクノロジー(ディーイーアイティーワイ) | 自由空間光通信システム、装置、及びそれらの方法 |
JP6998868B2 (ja) | 2015-07-15 | 2022-01-18 | ザ セクレタリー,デパートメント オブ エレクトロニクス アンド インフォメーション テクノロジー(ディーイーアイティーワイ) | 自由空間光通信システム、装置、及びそれらの方法 |
JP7263453B2 (ja) | 2015-07-15 | 2023-04-24 | ザ セクレタリー,デパートメント オブ エレクトロニクス アンド インフォメーション テクノロジー(ディーイーアイティーワイ) | 自由空間光通信システム、装置、及びそれらの方法 |
CN105700157A (zh) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-06-22 | 四川大学 | 惯性约束聚变装置中基于复合型光栅的光谱色散匀滑方法 |
JP2018175792A (ja) * | 2017-04-21 | 2018-11-15 | キヤノン株式会社 | 眼科撮影装置およびその制御方法 |
JP7158827B2 (ja) | 2017-04-21 | 2022-10-24 | キヤノン株式会社 | 眼科撮影装置およびその制御方法 |
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CN105264346B (zh) | 2018-04-13 |
DE112014002681T5 (de) | 2016-03-17 |
JPWO2014196447A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
US9477082B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 |
JP6226977B2 (ja) | 2017-11-08 |
CN105264346A (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
US20160109700A1 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
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