WO2014187224A1 - 一种电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷rb的方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷rb的方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014187224A1
WO2014187224A1 PCT/CN2014/076274 CN2014076274W WO2014187224A1 WO 2014187224 A1 WO2014187224 A1 WO 2014187224A1 CN 2014076274 W CN2014076274 W CN 2014076274W WO 2014187224 A1 WO2014187224 A1 WO 2014187224A1
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Prior art keywords
booster fan
unit
load
preset
fan
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2014/076274
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
康静秋
李卫华
解明
刘磊
张海富
顾强
肖军政
高礼
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North China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd
Shaanxi Guohua Jinjie Energy Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Original Assignee
North China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd
Shaanxi Guohua Jinjie Energy Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Application filed by North China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd, Shaanxi Guohua Jinjie Energy Co Ltd, State Grid Corp of China SGCC filed Critical North China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd
Priority to RU2015145845A priority Critical patent/RU2665608C2/ru
Publication of WO2014187224A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014187224A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power technologies, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for a power plant booster fan auxiliary machine failure load reduction RB.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION With the implementation of the Ministry of Environmental Protection's "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" emission reduction requirements, continue to promote the reduction of total pollutants, in order to reduce pollutant emissions, improve the comprehensive desulfurization and denitrification efficiency of coal-fired generating units, requires coal-fired power plants The flue bypass of the desulfurization system is completely blocked, so the desulfurization flue bypass closure work is imperative for each power generation company.
  • the documents of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the provincial environmental protection bureaus repeatedly emphasized the deadline for desulfurization bypass closure of coal-fired power plants.
  • Coal-fired power plants face direct pressure as key emission reduction units.
  • the structure of the flue gas system after desulfurization bypass plugging and transformation can be divided into two types: retaining the booster fan and canceling the booster fan and expanding the induced draft fan.
  • This paper mainly analyzes the types that are applicable to turbocharged fans.
  • the desulfurization bypass flue is actually an important channel for the operation of the main engine and the desulfurization island.
  • the main part can be maintained by opening the bypass under severe variable load and extreme fault conditions. Normal operation, decoupling between desulfurization island and main engine operation, minimizing the impact of desulfurization island failure on the host; after the desulfurization bypass flue is blocked, the desulfurization device and the main unit are connected in series to produce a safe system for the host
  • the important furnace negative pressure can be controlled not only by the main fan, but also by the control characteristics of the large wind smoke system composed of the blower-booster fan, which greatly increases the number of non-stops of the unit.
  • the statistics show that: in the past five years, the bypass baffle was opened 190 times due to the failure of the desulfurization system; among them, the booster fan failed 69 times, accounting for 36.3%; GGH (Gas Gas Heater, flue gas heat exchanger) The fault caused the bypass baffle to open a total of 75 times, accounting for 39.5%; the other equipment failure of the desulfurization system caused the bypass baffle to open a total of 26 times, accounting for 13.7%; Signal 13 times, accounting for 6.8%; DCS (Distributed Control Systems, distributed control system) fault 4 times, accounting for 2.1%; absorption tower lining rubber fell off 3 times, accounting for 1.6%.
  • GGH Gas Heater, flue gas heat exchanger
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for reducing a load RB of a power plant booster fan auxiliary machine to avoid unplanned outage of the unit and ensure the operation of the unit.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for reducing load RB of a power plant booster fan auxiliary machine, the method comprising:
  • the booster fan RB is triggered
  • the load of the unit is reduced to the preset booster fan RB target load corresponding to the allowable output of the currently operating equipment, and at the same time that the booster fan is tripped, the booster fan blade is fully opened to establish a passage of the flue gas flow to avoid Unplanned outage of the unit to ensure the operation of the unit.
  • the booster fan RB when the unit booster fan fails, the booster fan RB is triggered, including: when the unit booster fan has a faulty jump, and the unit coordination system has been put into operation When the furnace is in the state, the booster fan RB is triggered.
  • the faulty jump of the unit booster fan is determined by the booster fan trip signal.
  • the load of the unit is reduced to a target load of the preset booster fan RB corresponding to the allowable output of the current operating device, and the booster fan is used at the moment when the booster fan trips.
  • Fully open the leaf establish a channel for flue gas flow, to avoid unplanned outage of the unit, and ensure the operation of the unit, including: Switching the unit coordination system from the state of the furnace to the machine follow-up state, and increasing at an unlimited speed
  • the pressure fan adjusts the blade to open to the full open position; the preset booster fan RB target load is placed into the load circuit of the coordination system, and the fuel amount corresponding to the preset booster fan RB target load is sent to the boiler master as a fuel command Control; the steps of the tripping coal mill will be carried out according to the number of coal mills operated by the unit.
  • the principle of the hopping is as follows: No upper-layer grinding without delay, and other pulverizers are sequentially tripped from top to bottom with an interval of 5S. Finally, the bottom three coal mills are kept running, and the skipping command is sent to the boiler furnace safety monitoring system FSSS system.
  • the method further includes: after the booster fan RB is triggered, if the difference between the actual load of the unit and the preset booster fan RB target load is less than a preset difference or an operating personnel Manual reset, triggering the booster fan RB reset: Restart the booster fan by lowering the load of the unit below the starting load point of the preset booster fan.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for a power plant booster fan auxiliary machine to reduce load RB, the device comprising:
  • a triggering unit configured to trigger the booster fan RB under the condition that the unit booster fan fails;
  • the DCS control unit is configured to reduce the load of the unit to a preset booster fan RB target load corresponding to the allowable output of the currently operating device, and simultaneously use the booster fan blade to fully open at the moment of the booster fan tripping to establish a flue gas.
  • the flow channel is used to avoid unplanned outages of the unit and to ensure the operation of the unit.
  • the triggering unit is configured to trigger the booster fan RB under the condition that the unit booster fan fails, including: when the unit booster fan has a faulty jump and the unit When the coordination system has been put into the state of the furnace, the booster fan RB is triggered.
  • the faulty jump of the unit booster fan is determined by the booster fan trip signal.
  • the DCS control unit is specifically configured to reduce the load of the unit to a preset booster fan RB target load corresponding to the allowable output of the currently operating device, and simultaneously trip the booster fan.
  • the booster fan is fully opened, and a flue gas flow passage is established to avoid unplanned outage of the unit and ensure the operation of the unit, including: switching the unit coordination system from the state of the furnace to the machine following state.
  • the booster fan adjustment blade is opened to the full open position at an unlimited speed; the preset booster fan RB target load is placed into the load circuit of the coordination system, and the fuel amount corresponding to the preset booster fan RB target load is preset.
  • the steps of the tripping coal mill will be carried out according to the number of coal mills operated by the unit.
  • the principle of the hopping is: no upper jump grinding without delay, with the actual interval from 5S to top
  • the other coal mills are sequentially tripped and the bottom three coal mills are finally kept running, and the skipping command is sent to the boiler furnace safety monitoring system FSSS system.
  • the triggering unit is further configured to: when the booster fan RB is triggered, if the difference between the actual load of the unit and the preset booster fan RB target load is less than a preset difference or When the operator manually resets, the booster fan RB is reset.
  • the DCS control unit is also used to restart the booster fan by lowering the load of the unit to the starting load point of the preset booster fan.
  • the booster fan RB is triggered; the load of the unit is reduced to the preset booster fan RB target load corresponding to the allowable output of the current operating equipment.
  • the booster fan trips, the booster fan is fully opened, and a flue gas flow passage is established to avoid the unplanned outage of the unit and ensure the technical operation of the unit. Therefore, the following technical effects are achieved. : By designing the overall scheme of the booster fan RB and the test plan for obtaining the key parameters of the successful test, the blank of the RB test of the domestic booster fan as an important auxiliary machine is filled.
  • the desulfurization main equipment and the host group equipment are controlled and maintained according to the same standards and requirements.
  • the booster fan fails, the desulfurization bypass baffle is removed and the flue is blocked.
  • the negative impact brought by the operation of the coal-fired generating unit realizes the synchronous, long-term and stable operation of the desulfurization device and the boiler main engine, and greatly reduces the unplanned outage of the unit due to the failure of the booster fan. happened. It is of decisive significance for ensuring the safe operation of the unit and reducing the number of unplanned outages of the unit. It plays an important role in the safety of the unit on the power plant side and the power supply safety on the grid side.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for reducing a load RB of a power plant booster fan auxiliary machine according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for reducing a load RB of a power plant booster fan auxiliary machine according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • a schematic diagram of a wind smoke system with a booster fan in a power plant of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the logic of the booster fan RB according to an application example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the steps and time logic of the tripping coal mill of the booster fan RB according to the application example of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the process design of the booster fan RB after restarting the booster fan according to the application example of the present invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for reducing the load RB of a power plant booster fan auxiliary machine to avoid unplanned outage of the machine group and ensure the operation of the unit.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for reducing load RB of a power plant booster fan auxiliary machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method includes:
  • the booster fan RB is triggered
  • the load of the unit is reduced to a preset booster fan RB target load corresponding to the allowable output of the currently operating equipment, and at the same time that the booster fan is tripped, the booster fan blade is fully opened to establish a passage of the flue gas flow. To avoid unplanned outages of the unit and to ensure the operation of the unit.
  • the boosting fan RB is triggered, including: when the unit booster fan has a faulty jump and the unit coordination system has been put into the furnace, the trigger is triggered.
  • Booster fan RB occur.
  • the fault hopping of the unit booster fan is determined by the booster fan hopping signal.
  • the load of the unit is reduced to a preset booster fan RB target load corresponding to the allowable output of the currently operating device, and at the same time that the booster fan is tripped, the booster fan is fully opened to establish a flue gas.
  • the flow channel is used to avoid unplanned outage of the unit and ensure the operation of the unit, including: Switching the unit coordination system from the state of the furnace to the machine following state, and opening the booster fan to the full speed at an unlimited speed.
  • the method further includes: after the booster fan RB is triggered, if the difference between the actual load of the unit and the preset booster fan RB target load is less than a preset difference or the operator manually resets, the booster fan is triggered.
  • RB reset Restart the booster fan by lowering the load of the unit below the starting load point of the preset booster fan.
  • FIG. 2 it is a schematic structural diagram of a device for reducing the load RB of a power plant booster fan auxiliary machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the device includes:
  • the trigger unit 21 is configured to trigger the booster fan RB under the condition that the unit booster fan fails;
  • the DCS control unit 22 is configured to reduce the load of the unit to a preset booster fan RB target load corresponding to the allowable output of the currently operating device, and simultaneously use the booster fan blade to fully open at the moment when the booster fan trips, establishing a cigarette. The flow of gas flow to avoid unplanned outages of the unit and to ensure the operation of the unit.
  • the trigger unit 21 is configured to trigger the booster fan RB under the condition that the unit booster fan fails, including: when the unit booster fan fails to trip, and the unit coordination system has been put into the furnace state When the booster fan RB is triggered.
  • the fault hopping of the unit booster fan is determined by the booster fan hopping signal.
  • the DCS control unit 22 is specifically configured to reduce the load of the unit to a preset booster fan RB target load corresponding to the allowable output of the currently operating device, and simultaneously use the booster fan at the moment the booster fan trips.
  • Fully open the leaf establish a channel for flue gas flow, to avoid unplanned outage of the unit, and ensure the operation of the unit, including: Switching the unit coordination system from the state of the furnace to the machine follow-up state, and increasing at an unlimited speed
  • the pressure fan adjusts the blade to open to the full open position;
  • the preset booster fan RB target load is placed into the load circuit of the coordination system, and the fuel amount corresponding to the preset booster fan RB target load is sent to the boiler master as a fuel command Control; the coal mill that will operate according to the unit
  • the number of units, the steps of the tripping coal mill, the principle of the hopping is: no upper-layer grinding without delay, the other coal mills are sequentially tripped from top to bottom with an interval of 5S and finally the bottom three
  • the triggering unit 21 is further configured to: when the booster fan RB is triggered, if the difference between the actual load of the unit and the preset booster fan RB target load is less than a preset difference or the operator manually resets, triggering The booster fan RB is reset; the DCS control unit is further configured to restart the booster fan by lowering the load of the unit to a starting load point of the preset booster fan.
  • the booster fan RB is triggered: the load of the unit is reduced to a preset boost corresponding to the allowable output of the current operating device. Fan RB target load, at the same time when the booster fan trips, the booster fan is fully opened, and a flue gas flow channel is established to avoid unplanned outage of the unit and ensure the technical operation of the unit.
  • the desulfurization main equipment and the host group equipment are controlled and maintained according to the same standards and requirements.
  • the booster fan fails, the desulfurization bypass baffle is removed and the flue is blocked.
  • the negative impact brought by the operation of the coal-fired generating unit realizes the synchronous, long-term and stable operation of the desulfurization device and the boiler main engine, and greatly reduces the unplanned outage of the unit caused by the failure of the booster fan. It is of decisive significance to ensure the safe operation of the unit and reduce the number of unplanned outages of the unit. It plays an important role in the safety of the unit on the power plant side and the power supply safety on the grid side.
  • FIG. 3 it is a schematic diagram of a wind smoke system with a booster fan in a power plant of the application example of the present invention. Since the reformation of the desulfurization bypass flue gas blockage carried out in 2010 has not yet fully matured the design and implementation case of thermal control optimization experience, there is no corresponding technical standard, corresponding work flow and normative support, and lack of long-term risk estimation; After the desulfurization reform, it is necessary to adapt to the new operation mode, and the importance of the desulfurization system is steep.
  • the characteristics of the wind-smoke system and combustion system of the unit have undergone major changes, and the RB (RU BACK, auxiliary machine failure-reduction) function of the unit's wind-smoke system needs to be fully optimized.
  • the above-mentioned transformation runs through the whole process from design, selection, transformation implementation, start-up operation, test, and post-evaluation.
  • the RB test function is an automatic control system that does not allow manual intervention in the whole process. It can quickly reduce the unit when it is responsible for the failure of any of the main auxiliary equipment such as the delivery, induced draft fan, primary fan, coal mill or feed pump.
  • the setting of the RB project is based on the type of unit, the different tripping equipment and the operating conditions. Depending on the typical unit of a thermal power plant, the following items are generally included: feed water pump RB, furnace water pump RB, coal mill RB, primary air blower RB, and air blower RB.
  • the present invention proposes a new unit auxiliary machine fault reduction function (RU BACK, referred to as RB) - booster fan RB.
  • RU BACK unit auxiliary machine fault reduction function
  • the design of the booster fan RB is to ensure that the load of the unit is automatically reduced by the logic judgment and control strategy selection under various working conditions and operating modes under the rapid transient conditions of the unit's booster fan failure.
  • the desulfurization main equipment and the host group equipment are controlled and maintained according to the same standards and requirements.
  • the booster fan fails, the desulfurization bypass baffle is removed and the flue is blocked.
  • the negative impact brought by the operation of the coal-fired generating unit realizes the synchronous, long-term and stable operation of the desulfurization device and the boiler main engine, and greatly reduces the unplanned outage of the unit caused by the failure of the booster fan.
  • the typical RB function design of thermal power generating units mainly includes: RB signal triggering, unit control mode switching, hopping time and steps, RB target load and load shedding rate, and RB reset most.
  • the design of the booster fan RB function also includes the above six functions.
  • the maximum difference between the application of the booster fan RB and the existing other fan RB functions is as follows:
  • the trip fan for example, A bow
  • the working fan for example B bow
  • the unit's booster fan is a single configuration, so it is necessary to use the booster fan at the moment of booster fan trip.
  • the leaves are quickly opened to establish a smooth flue. Under this flue gas channel, the unit is operated with partial load by increasing the output of the induced draft fan to avoid unplanned outage of the unit. Under such conditions, the target load determination of the booster fan RB and the calculation of the flue gas volume corresponding to the target load (preventing the induced draft fan surge) are the focus of the design of the booster fan RB function.
  • the application example of the present invention is to determine the target load of the booster fan RB and the calculated value of the flue gas amount corresponding to the target load, and the starting load of the fan after the booster fan RB is returned to the wind turbine in the field, and the unit flue cold state ( When there is no load), hot state (with load) Resistance test and combustion test, based on the results of the above test.
  • the test unit can be tested to test the flue resistance of the booster fan after the desulfurization bypass is blocked and the booster fan is fully open and the flue resistance of the lower desulfurization system.
  • the maximum flue gas flow in the wind smoke system consisting of the flue gas passage established by the induced draft fan in the full opening of the booster fan was measured, and the electric load of the unit was converted into the hot state. No more than 300MW.
  • the minimum steady-state load of the unit is 240MW.
  • the target load of the designed booster fan is greater than the minimum steady-state load of 240MW and the maximum load of the wind-smoke system is 300MW.
  • the target load of the pressure fan RB is 280 MW.
  • the parameter value of the booster fan restarting is obtained: the opening degree of the blade is not more than 10%, and the load of the unit is not more than 160MW.
  • the application scheme of the booster fan RB design of the present invention is as follows:
  • the control logic for designing and constructing the booster fan RB according to the existing control functions of the DCS system of the power plant is shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5:
  • the designed logic covers three subsystems in the power plant DCS, including MCS (Modulating Control System) system (coordination and RB logic), FSSS (Furnace Safety Supervision System, boiler furnace safety monitoring system, also known as For the Burner Management System system (tripping mill logic), desulfurization DCS system.
  • MCS Modulating Control System
  • FSSS Fannace Safety Supervision System
  • boiler furnace safety monitoring system also known as For the Burner Management System system (tripping mill logic)
  • desulfurization DCS system For the above 600 MW unit, the field test confirmed that the booster fan RB target load is 280 MW.
  • the designed booster fan RB control flow is as follows:
  • Triggering of the booster fan RB When the actual load is not less than 320MW and the booster fan fails to trip (determined by the booster fan skip signal), and the unit coordination system has been put into the furnace, the trigger is increased. The pressure blower RB occurs.
  • RB target load and load shedding rate The booster fan RB-trigger, put the booster fan RB target load 280MW and the load drop rate 900MW/Min into the load circuit of the coordination system, and the fuel amount corresponding to the 280MW load It is sent to the boiler master as a fuel command.
  • the fan can be started directly and then the load is increased or decreased.
  • the startup mode of the subsequent booster fan is another important content that cannot be ignored.
  • the application example of the present invention is a design of a subsequent startup scheme after the RB resets the booster fan:
  • FIG. 6 it is a schematic diagram of the process design of restarting the booster fan after the booster fan RB is applied to the application example of the present invention.
  • the subsequent startup scheme of the booster fan is different from that of other fans RB:
  • the other fan RB if the faulty fan finds out the cause and eliminates the fault, the fan can be started and then directly increase or decrease the load on the original load. work.
  • the booster fan RB is reset, if the fault of the booster fan is removed, it can be put into operation. It is not possible to directly start the booster fan on the basis of the existing load, but to reduce the load to the starting load point of the booster fan of 160MW.
  • the starting load of the booster fan can be determined by the aforementioned method.
  • the actual booster fan RB test of the application example of the present invention is as follows: According to the above design scheme and test data, the actual booster fan RB test was carried out in Guohua Jinjie Power Plant. When the unit load was 550MW, the booster fan was stopped, and the booster fan RB was triggered. After 26 seconds, the furnace negative pressure returned to stability. The load dropped steadily to 262 MW in 5 minutes, and there was no human intervention throughout the test. The test was successful once, as follows:
  • the RB test of the booster fan was carried out on a certain day.
  • the working conditions of the unit before the test are as follows:
  • Furnace negative pressure -0.07KPa
  • the unit coordinated control mode is coordinated by the furnace to automatically cut to the machine following mode.
  • the unit load is reduced from 550MW to 600MW/MIN to 267MW, the sliding pressure rate is set to 0.21MPa/Min, and the sliding pressure target value is set from 16.42. Mpa drops to 11.3MPa, the lock increase machine integrated valve position command
  • the .RB reset target load is calculated from the flue resistance test and the combustion test to be 276 MW.
  • the other fans of the wind-smoke system (including the air supply, the air intake and the primary air blower) are automatically adjusted to maintain the stability of the furnace negative pressure, air supply volume and primary air pressure.
  • the drum water level and main steam temperature control system are automatically adjusted.
  • the application example of the invention is as follows: (1) Carrying out the test of the unit site is the basis for designing the key data of the booster wind RB function. Firstly, the cold and hot wind smoke resistance test is carried out according to the above method, and the feasibility of the booster fan RB function is evaluated based on the data of the fan characteristic test and the combustion test, and the target load of the booster fan RB and the smoke corresponding to the target load are determined. The calculated value of the starting load of the unit after the return of the booster fan RB. And determine the characteristics of the booster fan actuator and the closing time. (2) The function of the booster fan RB function can be realized by configuring and modifying the logic configuration directly in the DCS logic of the power plant according to the aforementioned method. The key signal of the booster fan RB such as "booster fan fault stop" can be based on the power plant. During the minor repair, the hard-wired cable is added to the DCS by the desulfurization DCS.
  • a pre-experiment can be carried out at a lower load of the unit (ie 60% of the rated load of the unit and 400 MW for the 600 MW unit), based on the test data and test results.
  • the test plan and key test data are optimized and improved.
  • the formal booster fan RB test can be performed at high load.
  • the fault of the booster fan is processed. After the booster fan can be put into operation, the booster fan is started after the booster fan RB is completed as described above.
  • the unit-based DCS control platform can be completed, and the operability and control safety are strong and easy to promote. 3.
  • the design scheme of the booster fan RB was first proposed in China, and the scheme was verified on the 600MW unit of Guohua Jinjie. The test was successful. The technical level is reliable and mature. In the face of the "12th Five-Year" emission reduction requirements of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the plugging work of desulfurization bypass of various coal-fired power plants In an imperative manner, the application example of the present invention fills the gap of the RB test of the domestic booster fan as an important auxiliary machine by designing the overall scheme of the booster fan RB and the test plan for obtaining the key parameters of the successful test.
  • the desulfurization main equipment and the host group equipment are controlled and maintained according to the same standards and requirements.
  • the booster fan fails, the desulfurization bypass baffle is removed and the flue is blocked.
  • the negative impact brought by the operation of the coal-fired generating unit realizes the synchronous, long-term and stable operation of the desulfurization device and the boiler main engine, and greatly reduces the unplanned outage of the unit caused by the failure of the booster fan. It is of decisive significance for ensuring the safe operation of the unit and reducing the number of unplanned outages of the unit. It plays an important role in the safety of the unit on the power plant side and the power supply safety on the grid side.
  • the various illustrative logic blocks, or units, described in the embodiments of the invention may be separated by a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array or other programmable logic device.
  • the gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination of the above are designed to implement or operate the functions described.
  • the general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, which may alternatively be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller or state machine.
  • the processor may also be implemented by a combination of computing devices, such as a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a digital signal processor core, or any other similar configuration. achieve.
  • the steps of the method or algorithm described in the embodiments of the present invention may be directly embedded in hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of the two.
  • the software modules can be stored in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium in the art.
  • the storage medium can be coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from the storage medium and can write information to the storage medium.
  • the storage medium can also be integrated into the processor.
  • the processor and the storage medium can be disposed in the ASIC, and the ASIC can be disposed in the user terminal. Alternatively, the processor and the storage medium may also be provided in different components in the user terminal.
  • the above-described functions described in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination of the three. If implemented in software, these features can be stored with a computer
  • the medium being read is transmitted on a computer readable medium in the form of one or more instructions or codes.
  • Computer readable media includes computer storage media and communication media that facilitates the transfer of computer programs from one place to another.
  • the storage medium can be any available media that any general purpose or special computer can access.
  • Such computer readable media can include, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage device, or any other device or data structure that can be used for carrying or storing Other media that can be read by a general purpose or special computer, or a general purpose or special processor.
  • any connection can be appropriately defined as a computer readable medium, for example, if the software is from a website site, server or other remote resource through a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) Or wirelessly transmitted in, for example, infrared, wireless, and microwave, is also included in a defined computer readable medium.
  • DSL digital subscriber line
  • the disks and discs include compact disks, laser disks, optical disks, DVDs, floppy disks, and Blu-ray disks. Disks typically replicate data magnetically, while disks typically optically replicate data with a laser. Combinations of the above may also be included in a computer readable medium.

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Abstract

一种电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷RB的方法,其包括如下步骤:在机组增压风机发生故障的工况下,触发增压风机RB;将机组的负荷降至与当前运行设备运行出力对应的预置增压风机RB目标负荷,同时在增压风机跳闸的瞬间利用增压风机动叶全开,建立一烟气流量的通道,以避免机组的非计划停运,确保机组的运行。通过设置新的增压风机RB功能,在增压风机故障时避免脱硫旁路挡板拆除及烟道封堵后给燃煤发电机组运行带来的负面影响,实现机组的稳定运行。还披露了一种电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷RB装置。

Description

一种电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷 RB的方法及装置 技术领域 本发明涉及电力技术领域, 尤其涉及一种电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷 RB 的方法 及装置。 背景技术 随着环保部"十二五"减排要求实施细化, 持续推进污染物总量减排工作, 为减少污 染物的排放, 提高燃煤发电机组综合脱硫脱硝效率,要求对燃煤电厂脱硫系统烟道旁路实 施彻底封堵, 因此脱硫烟道旁路封堵工作对于各发电公司势在必行。 同时今年环保部及 各省环保局的各个文件中反复的强调了燃煤电厂脱硫旁路封堵的截止日期,燃煤电厂作为 重点减排单位面临直接压力。
对于国内普遍采用的带喷淋塔的湿法脱硫系统而言, 脱硫旁路封堵改造后风烟系统 的结构可分为保留增压风机和取消增压风机并扩容引风机这两种, 以下本文主要分析适 用于带增压风机的类型。
脱硫旁路烟道实际上是构成主机和脱硫岛运行的重要的一个通道, 当原脱硫系统带 有烟气旁路的时候, 在大幅变负荷和极端故障情况下可以通过开启旁路维持主机部分的 正常运行, 实现脱硫岛和主机运行上的解耦, 最大程度减少脱硫岛故障对主机的影响; 脱硫旁路烟道封堵后, 脱硫装置和主机组成为串联的生产系统, 对主机安全运行很重要 的炉膛负压不仅依靠主机的送引风机可以控制, 很大程度取决与送引风机-增压风机构成 的大风烟系统的控制特性, 从而大大增加了机组非停的次数。 以神华国华发电公司各电 厂脱硫系统故障资料分析为例, 资料统计显示: 近五年由于脱硫系统故障引起旁路挡板 开启共 190次; 其中增压风机故障 69次, 占 36.3%; GGH (Gas Gas Heater,烟气换热器) 故障引起旁路挡板开启共 75次, 占 39.5%; 脱硫系统其他设备故障引起旁路挡板开启共 26次, 占 13.7%; 旁路挡板失去信号 13次, 占 6.8%; DCS(Distributed Control Systems, 分散控制系统)故障 4次, 占 2.1%; 吸收塔衬胶脱落 3次, 占 1.6%。
通过对国华系统内电厂的统计结果分析发现, 由于脱硫系统增压风机故障造成脱硫 系统停运的比例相对较高, 达到 36.3%。 按照现有的方案, 这 69次增压风机故障均会导 致机组 MFT(Main Fuel Trip,主燃烧跳闸), 从而使机组非计划停运次数大大增加。 机组的 非计划停运是对电厂而言是电厂安全可靠性指标管理中的一个重要指标,非计划停运既是 安全问题,也是经济问题,非计划停运带来的电量损失、 设备修复费用、 燃油消耗、 设备使 用寿命损耗等都会给发电侧造成了经济上的损失, 对于五大发电集团的安全运营管理而 言, 电厂机组的非计划停运从厂级领导到责任员工都必须受到考核。 就电网侧而言, 电 网已进入大电网大机组时代,大机组运行可靠性高低直接影响到电网的安全稳定运行,提高 大机组的运行可靠性水平是电网网厂双方的共同目标, 尤其是新建 600MW或 1000MW 机组的突然停机, 会导致机组所在电网的频率波动, 影响电网的安全稳定。
根据国家的"十二五"规划, 国家环保部文件对取消脱硫烟道旁路要求刚刚下发, 因 此各发电集团公司全部在摸索试验阶段, 国内还没有成形的系统改造经验。 在此背景 下, 各发电公司的通常做法是增压风机若故障停机后直接触发锅炉 MFT, 直接停炉停 机。 取消脱硫旁路后, 锅炉的烟气必须从脱硫吸收塔系统经过。 因此任何能够引起脱硫 系统退出运行的因素, 都会造成锅炉机组跳闸。 这些因素有: 除尘器效率差、 除尘器退 出运行、 增压风机保护跳闸、 浆液循环泵全停。 以大唐发电集团某电厂的改造方案为 例:
《中国大唐集团公司脱硫烟气旁路封堵 (或拆除) 管理指导意见 (试行) 》 中有明 确要求: " (一) 脱硫系统跳闸进锅炉主保护, 触发 MFT。 脱硫系统跳闸触发锅炉 MFT 条件:.增压风机跳闸触发锅炉 MFT, 同时切除增压风机动叶自动, 并发脉冲指令全开增 压风机动叶。 " 大唐户县电厂脱硫旁路封堵改造后的逻辑方案为: 增压风机跳间联锁 送、 引风机跳闸, 锅炉 MFT, MFT后负荷 15MW, 同时增压风机导叶自动全开, 通风 15分钟后关闭。
从上述的方案可以看出, 国内现有的技术方案本质是当增压风机由于各种原因停机 时, 单一的为确保主机及炉膛安全, 直接将锅炉 MFT, 即机组主燃料跳闸, 使机组停 机。 而且未将脱硫旁路封堵后的由送引风机和增压风机构成的风烟系统作为一体化的整 体考虑和设计, 从而大大增加了机组非停的次数, 增加了电厂和电网安全运行的风险。
在实现本发明过程中, 发明人发现现有技术中至少存在如下问题: 由于自 2010年开 展的脱硫旁路烟道封堵的改造尚无完全成熟的设计及实施案例热控优化经验借鉴, 也无 相应的技术标准、 相应工作流程和规范支持, 缺乏长期风险预估; 脱硫改造后, 需适应 新的运行方式, 脱硫系统重要性陡增, 而目前本领域尚没有一套电厂增压风机 RB 的具 体方案, 以避免机组的非计划停运, 确保机组的运行。 发明内容 本发明实施例提供一种电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷 RB的方法及装置, 以避免机 组的非计划停运, 确保机组的运行。
一方面, 本发明实施例提供了一种电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷 RB的方法, 所述 方法包括:
在机组增压风机发生故障的工况下, 触发增压风机 RB;
将机组的负荷降至与当前运行设备允许出力对应的预置增压风机 RB目标负荷, 同 时在增压风机跳闸的瞬间利用增压风机动叶全开, 建立一烟气流量的通道, 以避免机组 的非计划停运, 确保机组的运行。
可选的, 在本发明一实施例中, 所述在机组增压风机发生故障的工况下, 触发增压 风机 RB, 包括: 当机组增压风机发生故障跳间时且机组协调系统已投入炉跟机状态 时, 即触发增压风机 RB发生。
可选的, 在本发明一实施例中, 所述机组增压风机发生故障跳间由增压风机跳闸信 号三取二判断。
可选的, 在本发明一实施例中, 所述将机组的负荷降至与当前运行设备允许出力对 应的预置增压风机 RB目标负荷, 同时在增压风机跳闸的瞬间利用增压风机动叶全开, 建立一烟气流量的通道, 以避免机组的非计划停运, 确保机组的运行, 包括: 将机组协 调系统由炉跟机状态切换到机跟随状态, 同时以不限速将增压风机调节动叶打开至全开 位; 将预置增压风机 RB目标负荷置入到协调系统的负荷回路, 并将预置增压风机 RB 目标负荷对应的燃料量作为燃料指令送至锅炉主控; 将根据机组运行的磨煤机的台数, 进行跳闸磨煤机的步骤, 跳磨原则为: 无延时跳最上层磨, 以间隔 5S的实际由上至下顺 序跳闸其它磨煤机并最终保留最底层三台磨煤机运行, 并将跳磨指令送至锅炉炉膛安全 监控系统 FSSS系统。
可选的, 在本发明一实施例中, 所述方法还包括: 当增压风机 RB触发后, 若机组 实际负荷与预置增压风机 RB目标负荷差值满足小于预置差值或者运行人员手动复位, 则触发增压风机 RB复归: 将机组的负荷降到预置增压风机的启动负荷点以下重启增压 风机。
另一方面, 本发明实施例提供了一种电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷 RB的装置, 所 述装置包括:
触发单元, 用于在机组增压风机发生故障的工况下, 触发增压风机 RB; DCS控制单元, 用于将机组的负荷降至与当前运行设备允许出力对应的预置增压风 机 RB目标负荷, 同时在增压风机跳闸的瞬间利用增压风机动叶全开, 建立一烟气流量 的通道, 以避免机组的非计划停运, 确保机组的运行。
可选的, 在本发明一实施例中, 所述触发单元用于在机组增压风机发生故障的工况 下, 触发增压风机 RB, 包括: 当机组增压风机发生故障跳间时且机组协调系统已投入 炉跟机状态时, 即触发增压风机 RB发生。
可选的, 在本发明一实施例中, 所述机组增压风机发生故障跳间由增压风机跳闸信 号三取二判断。
可选的, 在本发明一实施例中, 所述 DCS控制单元, 具体用于将机组的负荷降至与 当前运行设备允许出力对应的预置增压风机 RB目标负荷, 同时在增压风机跳闸的瞬间 利用增压风机动叶全开, 建立一烟气流量的通道, 以避免机组的非计划停运, 确保机组 的运行, 包括: 将机组协调系统由炉跟机状态切换到机跟随状态, 同时以不限速将增压 风机调节动叶打开至全开位; 将预置增压风机 RB目标负荷置入到协调系统的负荷回 路, 并将预置增压风机 RB目标负荷对应的燃料量作为燃料指令送至锅炉主控; 将根据 机组运行的磨煤机的台数, 进行跳闸磨煤机的步骤, 跳磨原则为: 无延时跳最上层磨, 以间隔 5S的实际由上至下顺序跳闸其它磨煤机并最终保留最底层三台磨煤机运行, 并将 跳磨指令送至锅炉炉膛安全监控系统 FSSS系统。
可选的, 在本发明一实施例中, 所述触发单元, 还用于当增压风机 RB触发后, 若 机组实际负荷与预置增压风机 RB目标负荷差值满足小于预置差值或者运行人员手动复 位, 则触发增压风机 RB复归; 所述 DCS控制单元, 还用于将机组的负荷降到预置增压 风机的启动负荷点以下重启增压风机。
上述技术方案具有如下有益效果: 因为采用在机组增压风机发生故障的工况下, 触 发增压风机 RB ; 将机组的负荷降至与当前运行设备允许出力对应的预置增压风机 RB目 标负荷, 同时在增压风机跳闸的瞬间利用增压风机动叶全开, 建立一烟气流量的通道, 以避免机组的非计划停运, 确保机组的运行的技术手段, 所以达到了如下的技术效果: 通过设计增压风机 RB的整体方案及确保的试验成功的关键参数的获取的试验方案, 填补 了国内增压风机作为重要辅机的 RB试验的空白。 通过设计新的增压风机 RB功能, 将脱 硫主设备与主机组设备按照同样的标准和要求进行控制和维护, 在增压风机故障时避免 脱硫旁路挡板拆除及烟道封堵后给燃煤发电机组运行带来的负面影响, 实现脱硫装置与 锅炉主机同步、 长期、 稳定的运行, 大大减少由于增压风机故障导致的机组非计划停运 的发生。 对于保证机组安全运行、 减少机组非计划停运次数具有决定性的意义, 对电厂 侧的机组安全和电网侧的供电安全均起到重要的作用。 附图说明 为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案, 下面将对实施例或现有 技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本 发明的一些实施例, 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲, 在不付出创造性劳动的前提下, 还 可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1为本发明实施例一种电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷 RB的方法流程图; 图 2为本发明实施例一种电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷 RB的装置结构示意图; 图 3为本发明应用实例电厂带增压风机的风烟系统示意图;
图 4为本发明应用实例增压风机 RB逻辑示意图;
图 5为本发明应用实例增压风机 RB的跳闸磨煤机步骤及时间逻辑示意图; 图 6为本发明应用实例增压风机 RB后再次启动增压风机的过程设计示意图。 具体实施方式 下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图, 对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、 完整 地描述, 显然, 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例, 而不是全部的实施例。 基 于本发明中的实施例, 本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有 其他实施例, 都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例提供一种电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷 RB 的方法及装置, 以避免机 组的非计划停运, 确保机组的运行。
如图 1 所示, 为本发明实施例一种电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷 RB 的方法流程 图, 所述方法包括:
101、 在机组增压风机发生故障的工况下, 触发增压风机 RB;
102、 将机组的负荷降至与当前运行设备允许出力对应的预置增压风机 RB 目标负 荷, 同时在增压风机跳闸的瞬间利用增压风机动叶全开, 建立一烟气流量的通道, 以避 免机组的非计划停运, 确保机组的运行。
可选的, 所述在机组增压风机发生故障的工况下, 触发增压风机 RB, 包括: 当机 组增压风机发生故障跳间时且机组协调系统已投入炉跟机状态时, 即触发增压风机 RB 发生。
可选的, 所述机组增压风机发生故障跳间由增压风机跳间信号三取二判断。
可选的, 所述将机组的负荷降至与当前运行设备允许出力对应的预置增压风机 RB 目标负荷, 同时在增压风机跳闸的瞬间利用增压风机动叶全开, 建立一烟气流量的通 道, 以避免机组的非计划停运, 确保机组的运行, 包括: 将机组协调系统由炉跟机状态 切换到机跟随状态, 同时以不限速将增压风机调节动叶打开至全开位; 将预置增压风机 RB目标负荷置入到协调系统的负荷回路, 并将预置增压风机 RB目标负荷对应的燃料量 作为燃料指令送至锅炉主控; 将根据机组运行的磨煤机的台数, 进行跳闸磨煤机的步 骤, 跳磨原则为: 无延时跳最上层磨, 以间隔 5S的实际由上至下顺序跳闸其它磨煤机并 最终保留最底层三台磨煤机运行, 并将跳磨指令送至锅炉炉膛安全监控系统 FSSS系 统。
可选的, 所述方法还包括: 当增压风机 RB触发后, 若机组实际负荷与预置增压风 机 RB 目标负荷差值满足小于预置差值或者运行人员手动复位, 则触发增压风机 RB复 归: 将机组的负荷降到预置增压风机的启动负荷点以下重启增压风机。
对应于上述方法实施例, 如图 2所示, 为本发明实施例一种电厂增压风机辅机故障 减负荷 RB的装置结构示意图, 所述装置包括:
触发单元 21, 用于在机组增压风机发生故障的工况下, 触发增压风机 RB;
DCS控制单元 22, 用于将机组的负荷降至与当前运行设备允许出力对应的预置增压 风机 RB 目标负荷, 同时在增压风机跳闸的瞬间利用增压风机动叶全开, 建立一烟气流 量的通道, 以避免机组的非计划停运, 确保机组的运行。
可选的, 所述触发单元 21 用于在机组增压风机发生故障的工况下, 触发增压风机 RB, 包括: 当机组增压风机发生故障跳闸时且机组协调系统已投入炉跟机状态时, 即触 发增压风机 RB发生。
可选的, 所述机组增压风机发生故障跳间由增压风机跳间信号三取二判断。
可选的, 所述 DCS控制单元 22, 具体用于将机组的负荷降至与当前运行设备允许 出力对应的预置增压风机 RB 目标负荷, 同时在增压风机跳闸的瞬间利用增压风机动叶 全开, 建立一烟气流量的通道, 以避免机组的非计划停运, 确保机组的运行, 包括: 将 机组协调系统由炉跟机状态切换到机跟随状态, 同时以不限速将增压风机调节动叶打开 至全开位; 将预置增压风机 RB 目标负荷置入到协调系统的负荷回路, 并将预置增压风 机 RB 目标负荷对应的燃料量作为燃料指令送至锅炉主控; 将根据机组运行的磨煤机的 台数, 进行跳闸磨煤机的步骤, 跳磨原则为: 无延时跳最上层磨, 以间隔 5S的实际由上 至下顺序跳闸其它磨煤机并最终保留最底层三台磨煤机运行, 并将跳磨指令送至锅炉炉 膛安全监控系统 FSSS系统。
可选的, 所述触发单元 21, 还用于当增压风机 RB触发后, 若机组实际负荷与预置 增压风机 RB 目标负荷差值满足小于预置差值或者运行人员手动复位, 则触发增压风机 RB复归; 所述 DCS控制单元, 还用于将机组的负荷降到预置增压风机的启动负荷点以 下重启增压风机。
本发明实施例上述技术方案具有如下有益效果: 因为采用在机组增压风机发生故障 的工况下, 触发增压风机 RB: 将机组的负荷降至与当前运行设备允许出力对应的预置 增压风机 RB 目标负荷, 同时在增压风机跳闸的瞬间利用增压风机动叶全开, 建立一烟 气流量的通道, 以避免机组的非计划停运, 确保机组的运行的技术手段, 所以达到了如 下的技术效果: 通过设计增压风机 RB 的整体方案及确保的试验成功的关键参数的获取 的试验方案, 填补了国内增压风机作为重要辅机的 RB试验的空白。 通过设计新的增压 风机 RB功能, 将脱硫主设备与主机组设备按照同样的标准和要求进行控制和维护, 在 增压风机故障时避免脱硫旁路挡板拆除及烟道封堵后给燃煤发电机组运行带来的负面影 响, 实现脱硫装置与锅炉主机同步、 长期、 稳定的运行, 大大减少由于增压风机故障导 致的机组非计划停运的发生。 对于保证机组安全运行、 减少机组非计划停运次数具有决 定性的意义, 对电厂侧的机组安全和电网侧的供电安全均起到重要的作用。 以下结合应用实例对本发明实施例上述方案进行详细介绍:
如图 3所示, 为本发明应用实例电厂带增压风机的风烟系统示意图。 由于自 2010年 开展的脱硫旁路烟道封堵的改造尚无完全成熟的设计及实施案例热控优化经验借鉴, 也 无相应的技术标准、 相应工作流程和规范支持, 缺乏长期风险预估; 脱硫改造后, 需适 应新的运行方式, 脱硫系统重要性陡增。 上述改造完成后机组的风烟系统、 燃烧系统特 性发生较大的变化, 需要对机组风烟系统的 RB(RU BACK, 辅机故障减负荷)功能进行 全面优化。 而且上述改造贯穿从设计、 选型、 改造实施、 启机运行、 试验、 后期评估整 体过程。 RB试验功能作为全程自动不允许人工干预的自动控制系统, 它为承担发电机 组的主要辅机设备如送、 引风机、 一次风机、 磨煤机或给水泵中任一台故障跳闸时快速 降低机组负荷, 并使机组负荷与仍在运行的辅机设备所能够承担的最大负荷相适应并实 现 RB过程的控制。 RB项目的设置是根据机组类型的不同、 跳闸设备的不同及运行工况 的不同而定的, 就火电厂典型机组而言, 一般含有以下项目: 给水泵 RB、 炉水泵 RB、 磨煤机 RB、 一次风机 RB、 送引风机 RB。
对燃煤电厂脱硫系统烟道旁路实施彻底封堵后, 为保证机组在新的脱硫风烟系统运 行条件下安全运行、 减少机组非计划停运次数, 确保电厂侧的机组安全和电网侧的供电 安全, 本发明提出了一种新的机组的辅机故障减负荷功能 (RU BACK, 简称 RB)— 增压风机 RB。 增压风机 RB设计就是确保在机组增压风机发生故障的快速暂态工况下, 通过对各种不同工况与运行方式下的逻辑判断与控制策略的选择, 自动完成将机组的负 荷降至与当前运行设备允许出力对应的目标负荷, 同时在增压风机跳闸的瞬间利用动叶 全开, 建立一个烟气流量的快速通道, 保证主要调节系统工作正常, 维持机组主要参数 在允许范围内, 从而大大减少机组的非停次数, 确保机组的安全稳定运行。 通过设计新 的增压风机 RB功能, 将脱硫主设备与主机组设备按照同样的标准和要求进行控制和维 护, 在增压风机故障时避免脱硫旁路挡板拆除及烟道封堵后给燃煤发电机组运行带来的 负面影响, 实现脱硫装置与锅炉主机同步、 长期、 稳定的运行, 大大减少由于增压风机 故障导致的机组非计划停运的发生。
本发明应用实例增压风机 RB设计概述:
目前, 火力发电机组典型的 RB功能的设计主要包括: RB信号的触发、 机组控制方 式的切换、 跳磨时间与步骤、 RB 目标负荷与减负荷速率、 RB 复归大部分。 增压风机 RB功能的设计同样也包括上述六功能的内容。
本发明应用实例增压风机 RB与已有的其他风机 RB功能的最大差异在于: 对于其 他风机 RB,当跳闸风机 (例如 A弓 |、 A送、 A—次风机)动作后, 工作风机 (例如 B弓 |、 B 送、 B—次风机)仍可在自身最大出力允许范围内正常运行, 但大多数机组的增压风机为 单台配置, 因此需要在增压风机跳闸瞬间利用增压风机动叶快速全开建立通畅的烟道, 在这个烟气通道下通过加大引风机的出力维持机组带部分负荷运行, 从而避免机组的非 计划停运。 在此种工况下, 增压风机 RB 的目标负荷确定及目标负荷对应的烟气量计算 (防止引风机喘振) , 是增压风机 RB功能设计的重点。
本发明应用实例增压风机 RB 的目标负荷的确定及目标负荷对应的烟气量的计算 值、 增压风机 RB复归后风机的启动负荷可在电厂实地进行风机特性试验、 机组烟道冷 态 (不带负荷时) 、 热态 (带负荷时) 阻力试验和燃烧试验, 根据上述试验的结果综合 考虑得出。 以机组烟道冷态脱阻力试验为例, 可通过试验测试脱硫旁路封堵后增压风机 全停且增压风机动叶全开工况下以及下脱硫系统的烟道阻力情况, 测试机组在此工况下 的最大承受负荷和烟气流量参数、 测试脱硫旁路封堵后增压风机全停且增压风机动叶全 关工况下下脱硫系统的烟道阻力情况、 测试增压风机跳间后再次启动的最低负荷点 (风 量与动叶开度的关系) 。 并可进一步根据热态阻力试验结果再确定增压风机跳闸时的机 组的带负荷能力 (增压风机跳闸 RB 目标负荷) 和增压风机启动时的机组负荷点。 对陕 西锦界 600MW机组现场进行上述试验, 测得引风机在增压风机动叶全开建立的烟气通 道构成的风烟系统中最大承受的烟气流量, 折算到热态时机组的电负荷不得大于 300MW。 根据机组的燃烧试验得到机组的最低稳燃负荷为 240MW, 考虑到实际控制裕 量问题, 设计增压风机的目标负荷要大于最低稳燃负荷为 240MW小于风烟系统最大承 受负荷 300MW,因此设计增压风机 RB目标负荷为 280MW。 并得出增压风机再次启动的 参数值: 动叶开度不大于 10%, 再次启动机组负荷不大于 160MW。
本发明应用实例增压风机 RB设计的整体方案:
对于 600MW且风烟系统二引一增配置的机组, 可根据电厂 DCS系统已有的控制功 能设计并搭建增压风机 RB的控制逻辑如下图 4、 5所示: 其中, 如图 4所示, 为本发明 应用实例增压风机 RB逻辑示意图; 如图 5所示, 为本发明应用实例增压风机 RB的跳 闸磨煤机步骤及时间逻辑示意图。 所设计的逻辑涵盖了电厂 DCS中的 3个子系统, 包括 MCS (Modulating Control System, 模拟量控制系统) 系统 (协调和 RB逻辑) 、 FSSS (Furnace Safety Supervision System, 锅炉炉膛安全监控系统, 又可称为燃烧器管理系统 ( Burner Management System ) ) 系统 (跳闸磨逻辑) 、 脱硫 DCS 系统。 对于上述 600MW机组由现场试验确定了增压风机 RB 目标负荷为 280MW, 设计的增压风机 RB 控制流程如下:
1、 增压风机 RB的触发: 当实际负荷不小于 320MW且增压风机故障跳闸时 (由增 压风机跳间信号三取二判断) 且机组协调系统已投入炉跟机状态时, 即触发增压风机 RB发生。
2、 机组控制方式的切换: 增压风机 RB—旦触发, 即将机组协调系统由炉跟机状态 切换到机跟随状态, 同时以最大速率 (即不限速) 将增压风机调节动叶由当前位置打开 至全开位 (100%开度位。 )
3、 RB 目标负荷与减负荷速率: 增压风机 RB—旦触发, 将增压风机 RB 目标负荷 280MW和负荷降速率 900MW/Min置入到协调系统的负荷回路, 并将 280MW负荷对应 的燃料量作为燃料指令送至锅炉主控。
4、 跳磨时间与步骤 (如图 5所示) : 增压风机 RB—旦触发, 将根据机组运行的磨 煤机的台数, 进行跳闸磨煤机的步骤,跳磨原则为: 无延时跳最上层磨, 以间隔 5S 的实 际由上至下顺序跳闸其它磨煤机并最终保留最底层三台磨煤机运行, 并将跳磨指令送至 FSSS系统。 具体如下表 1所示:
表 1
Figure imgf000012_0001
5、 RB复归: 当增压风机 RB触发后, 机组实际负荷与增压风机 R B 目标负荷差值 满足小于 20MW或者运行人员手动复位 (如图 4所示) , 则增压风机 RB复归条件满 足。
同其他风机 RB后, 若故障风机可以工作后可直接启动风机然后增减负荷不同, 增 压风机 RB复归后,后续增压风机的启动方式也是不能忽视的另一个重点内容。
本发明应用实例增压风机 RB复归后后续启动方案的设计:
如图 6所示, 为本发明应用实例增压风机 RB后再次启动增压风机的过程设计示意 图。 增压风机 RB复归后增压风机的后续启动方案和同其他风机 RB不同: 其他风机 RB 后, 若故障风机查明原因消除故障可运行后, 可启动风机然后在原有负荷上直接完成增 减负荷的工作。 但增压风机 RB复归后,若增压风机的故障排除, 可投入运行, 不能直接 在现有负荷的基础上直接启动增压风机, 而是要将负荷降到增压风机的启动负荷点 160MW以下, 增压风机的启动负荷可由前述方法确定。
本发明应用实例实际的增压风机 RB试验如下: 根据上述设计方案和试验数据, 在国华锦界电厂进行了实际的增压风机 RB试验, 在机组负荷 550MW时停运增压风机, 触发增压风机 RB动作, 26秒后炉膛负压恢复稳 定, 负荷在 5 分钟内平稳降到 262MW, 整个试验过程无任何人为干预。 试验一次成 功, 具体如下:
某日进行了增压风机的 RB试验。 试验前机组工况如下:
机组负荷: 550MW
协调控制方式: 炉跟机协调
运行磨情况: A,B,C, D, E
总给煤量: 191.3t/h
总风量: 1991.4 t/h
炉膛负压: -0.07KPa
机前压力: 16.42MPa
汽包水位: -10mm
主汽温度: 543 °C
20: 16:24运行人员就地停增压风机, 增压风机停后, 触发增压风机 RB动作:
.RB发生后无延时以最大速率打开增压风机调节动叶至全开位 (实际动作时 间为 31s)
^机组协调控制方式由炉跟机协调自动切至机跟随方式, 机组负荷由 550MW 以 600MW/MIN的速度降至 267MW, 设定滑压变速率 0.21MPa/Min, 设定滑压目标值从 16.42Mpa降至 11.3MPa, 闭锁增大机综合阀位指令
.FSSS系统 RB发生后无延时跳 E磨, 以间隔 5S的实际跳闸 D磨煤机,最终保 留最底层三台磨煤机运行, 磨煤机的最终燃料指令由由烟道阻力试验和燃烧试验计算为 95.4t/h。
.RB复位目标负荷由由烟道阻力试验和燃烧试验计算为 276MW。
^风烟系统其它风机 (包括送、 引风及一次风机) 均保持自动调节状态, 维持 炉膛负压、 送风量、 一次风压的稳定。 汽包水位、 主汽温控制系统均保持自动调节状 态。
^整体系统 4分 22秒后趋于稳定。
在整个过程中, 机组各个主要参数的变化曲线在变化过程中的最大最小值如下表 2: 表 2
Figure imgf000014_0001
本发明应用实例方案: (1 ) 开展机组现场的试验是设计增压风 RB功能的关键数据 的基础。 首先按照前述方法进行冷态、 热态风烟阻力试验, 并结合风机特性试验和燃烧 试验的数据评估增压风机 RB功能的可行性, 确定增压风机 RB 的目标负荷及目标负荷 对应的烟气量、 增压风机 RB复归后后机组的启动负荷的计算值。 并测定增压风机执行 机构的特性和关闭时间。 (2) 增压风机 RB功能设计按照前述方法, 直接在电厂 DCS 逻辑中通过组态和修改逻辑组态即可实现, 触发增压风机 RB的关键信号如 "增压风机故 障停"可根据电厂停机小修时增加硬连接线由脱硫 DCS三取二后送到到主机 DCS。
( 3 ) 完成 (1 ) 和 (2) 后可在机组较低负荷 (即机组 60%的额定负荷, 对于 600MW机 组可在 400MW负荷) 时, 进行一次预实验, 根据试验数据和试验结果对整体试验方 案、 关键试验数据进行优化和改进。 (4) 完成 (1 ) 和 (2) 、 ( 3 ) 后可在高负荷时进 行正式的增压风机 RB试验。 (5 ) 完成增压风机 RB试验后, 处理完增压风机故障, 增 压风机可投入运行后, 按前述方法进行增压风机 RB完成后增压风机的启动。 可见, 其 优点有三个: 1、 方案设计实施性强, 既有理论计算, 又结合机组实际试验数据, 便于 根据机组本身特性进行匹配。 2、 本方案不需要额外的设备来实现, 基于机组的 DCS控 制平台即可完成, 可操作性和控制安全性强, 便于推广。 3、 国内首次提出增压风机 RB 的设计方案, 并结合该方案在国华锦界 600MW机组上进行了验证, 试验一次成功。 技 术水平可靠、 成熟。 面对环保部"十二五 "减排要求, 各燃煤电厂脱硫旁路的封堵工作势 在必行, 本发明应用实例通过设计增压风机 RB的整体方案及确保的试验成功的关键参 数的获取的试验方案, 填补了国内增压风机作为重要辅机的 RB试验的空白。 通过设计 新的增压风机 RB功能, 将脱硫主设备与主机组设备按照同样的标准和要求进行控制和 维护, 在增压风机故障时避免脱硫旁路挡板拆除及烟道封堵后给燃煤发电机组运行带来 的负面影响, 实现脱硫装置与锅炉主机同步、 长期、 稳定的运行, 大大减少由于增压风 机故障导致的机组非计划停运的发生。 对于保证机组安全运行、 减少机组非计划停运次 数具有决定性的意义, 对电厂侧的机组安全和电网侧的供电安全均起到重要的作用。
本领域技术人员还可以了解到本发明实施例列出的各种说明性逻辑块 ( illustrative logical block) , 单元, 和步骤可以通过电子硬件、 电脑软件, 或两者的结合进行实现。 为清楚展示硬件和软件的可替换性 ( interchangeability ) , 上述的各种说明性部件 (illustrative components) , 单元和步骤已经通用地描述了它们的功能。 这样的功能是通 过硬件还是软件来实现取决于特定的应用和整个系统的设计要求。 本领域技术人员可以 对于每种特定的应用, 可以使用各种方法实现所述的功能, 但这种实现不应被理解为超 出本发明实施例保护的范围。
本发明实施例中所描述的各种说明性的逻辑块, 或单元都可以通过通用处理器, 数 字信号处理器, 专用集成电路 (ASIC) , 现场可编程门阵列或其它可编程逻辑装置, 离 散门或晶体管逻辑, 离散硬件部件, 或上述任何组合的设计来实现或操作所描述的功 能。 通用处理器可以为微处理器, 可选地, 该通用处理器也可以为任何传统的处理器、 控制器、 微控制器或状态机。 处理器也可以通过计算装置的组合来实现, 例如数字信号 处理器和微处理器, 多个微处理器, 一个或多个微处理器联合一个数字信号处理器核, 或任何其它类似的配置来实现。
本发明实施例中所描述的方法或算法的步骤可以直接嵌入硬件、 处理器执行的软件 模块、 或者这两者的结合。 软件模块可以存储于 RAM存储器、 闪存、 ROM存储器、 EPROM存储器、 EEPROM存储器、 寄存器、 硬盘、 可移动磁盘、 CD-ROM或本领域中 其它任意形式的存储媒介中。 示例性地, 存储媒介可以与处理器连接, 以使得处理器可 以从存储媒介中读取信息, 并可以向存储媒介存写信息。 可选地, 存储媒介还可以集成 到处理器中。 处理器和存储媒介可以设置于 ASIC中, ASIC可以设置于用户终端中。 可 选地, 处理器和存储媒介也可以设置于用户终端中的不同的部件中。
在一个或多个示例性的设计中, 本发明实施例所描述的上述功能可以在硬件、 软 件、 固件或这三者的任意组合来实现。 如果在软件中实现, 这些功能可以存储与电脑可 读的媒介上, 或以一个或多个指令或代码形式传输于电脑可读的媒介上。 电脑可读媒介 包括电脑存储媒介和便于使得让电脑程序从一个地方转移到其它地方的通信媒介。 存储 媒介可以是任何通用或特殊电脑可以接入访问的可用媒体。 例如, 这样的电脑可读媒体 可以包括但不限于 RAM、 ROM、 EEPROM、 CD-ROM或其它光盘存储、 磁盘存储或其 它磁性存储装置, 或其它任何可以用于承载或存储以指令或数据结构和其它可被通用或 特殊电脑、 或通用或特殊处理器读取形式的程序代码的媒介。 此外, 任何连接都可以被 适当地定义为电脑可读媒介, 例如, 如果软件是从一个网站站点、 服务器或其它远程资 源通过一个同轴电缆、 光纤电缆、 双绞线、 数字用户线 (DSL) 或以例如红外、 无线和 微波等无线方式传输的也被包含在所定义的电脑可读媒介中。 所述的碟片 (disk) 和磁 盘 (disc) 包括压缩磁盘、 镭射盘、 光盘、 DVD、 软盘和蓝光光盘, 磁盘通常以磁性复 制数据, 而碟片通常以激光进行光学复制数据。 上述的组合也可以包含在电脑可读媒介 中。
以上所述的具体实施方式, 对本发明的目的、 技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详 细说明, 所应理解的是, 以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已, 并不用于限定本发 明的保护范围, 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所做的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷 RB的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法包括: 在机组增压风机发生故障的工况下, 触发增压风机 RB;
将机组的负荷降至与当前运行设备允许出力对应的预置增压风机 RB 目标负荷, 同 时在增压风机跳闸的瞬间利用增压风机动叶全开, 建立一烟气流量的通道, 以避免机组 的非计划停运, 确保机组的运行。
2、 如权利要求 1所述电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷 RB的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 在机组增压风机发生故障的工况下, 触发增压风机 RB, 包括:
当机组增压风机发生故障跳间时且机组协调系统已投入炉跟机状态时, 即触发增压 风机 RB发生。
3、 如权利要求 2所述电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷 RB的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 机组增压风机发生故障跳间由增压风机跳间信号三取二判断。
4、 如权利要求 1所述电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷 RB的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 将机组的负荷降至与当前运行设备允许出力对应的预置增压风机 RB 目标负荷, 同时在 增压风机跳闸的瞬间利用增压风机动叶全开, 建立一烟气流量的通道, 以避免机组的非 计划停运, 确保机组的运行, 包括:
将机组协调系统由炉跟机状态切换到机跟随状态, 同时以不限速将增压风机调节动 叶打开至全开位;
将预置增压风机 RB 目标负荷置入到协调系统的负荷回路, 并将预置增压风机 RB 目标负荷对应的燃料量作为燃料指令送至锅炉主控;
将根据机组运行的磨煤机的台数, 进行跳闸磨煤机的步骤, 跳磨原则为: 无延时跳 最上层磨, 以间隔 5S的实际由上至下顺序跳闸其它磨煤机并最终保留最底层三台磨煤机 运行, 并将跳磨指令送至锅炉炉膛安全监控系统 FSSS系统。
5、 如权利要求 1所述电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷 RB的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 方法还包括:
当增压风机 RB触发后, 若机组实际负荷与预置增压风机 RB 目标负荷差值满足小 于预置差值或者运行人员手动复位, 则触发增压风机 RB复归:
将机组的负荷降到预置增压风机的启动负荷点以下重启增压风机。
6、 一种电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷 RB的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置包括: 触发单元, 用于在机组增压风机发生故障的工况下, 触发增压风机 RB;
DCS控制单元, 用于将机组的负荷降至与当前运行设备允许出力对应的预置增压风 机 RB 目标负荷, 同时在增压风机跳闸的瞬间利用增压风机动叶全开, 建立一烟气流量 的通道, 以避免机组的非计划停运, 确保机组的运行。
7、 如权利要求 6所述电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷 RB的装置, 其特征在于, 所述触发单元用于在机组增压风机发生故障的工况下, 触发增压风机 RB, 包括: 当机组增压风机发生故障跳间时且机组协调系统已投入炉跟机状态时, 即触发增压风机 RB发生。
8、 如权利要求 7所述电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷 RB的装置, 其特征在于, 所述 机组增压风机发生故障跳间由增压风机跳间信号三取二判断。
9、 如权利要求 6所述电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷 RB的装置, 其特征在于, 所述 DCS控制单元, 具体用于将机组的负荷降至与当前运行设备允许出力对应的预置增压风 机 RB 目标负荷, 同时在增压风机跳闸的瞬间利用增压风机动叶全开, 建立一烟气流量 的通道, 以避免机组的非计划停运, 确保机组的运行, 包括: 将机组协调系统由炉跟机 状态切换到机跟随状态, 同时以不限速将增压风机调节动叶打开至全开位; 将预置增压 风机 RB 目标负荷置入到协调系统的负荷回路, 并将预置增压风机 RB 目标负荷对应的 燃料量作为燃料指令送至锅炉主控; 将根据机组运行的磨煤机的台数, 进行跳闸磨煤机 的步骤, 跳磨原则为: 无延时跳最上层磨, 以间隔 5S的实际由上至下顺序跳闸其它磨煤 机并最终保留最底层三台磨煤机运行, 并将跳磨指令送至锅炉炉膛安全监控系统 FSSS 系统。
10、 如权利要求 6所述电厂增压风机辅机故障减负荷 RB的装置, 其特征在于, 所述触发单元, 还用于当增压风机 RB触发后, 若机组实际负荷与预置增压风机 RB 目标负荷差值满足小于预置差值或者运行人员手动复位, 则触发增压风机 RB复归; 所述 DCS控制单元, 还用于将机组的负荷降到预置增压风机的启动负荷点以下重启 增压风机。
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