WO2014183740A1

WO2014183740A1 - Device for electromagnetic desalination, particularly of seawater

Info

Publication number: WO2014183740A1
Application number: PCT/DE2014/000241
Authority: WO
Inventors: Pavel Imris
Original assignee: Pavel Imris
Priority date: 2013-05-16
Filing date: 2014-05-09
Publication date: 2014-11-20
Also published as: DE102013008403A1; WO2014183740A4; DE112014002413A5

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromagnet having capacitive winding coils and a water tank, which is considered a secondary winding, for desalination of seawater and for desalination of salt solutions according to the preamble of patent claim 1. The invention addresses the problem of creating a device for carrying out a method for desalination, particularly of seawater, that can be operated with a substantially higher efficiency than in previous known devices and thus makes it possible to provide drinking water at substantially lower cost. A further problem is to keep outlay for the device and the maintenance thereof low. According to claim 1, the device for solving said problem consists of a magnetic core (1) of soft magnetic material, on which at least two field coils (2, 3) are arranged, around which a capacitive winding/double winding is wound and to which an oscillating electrical reactive current is supplied. At least one water tank (4) consisting of electrically non-conductive material, in which salty water flows in a circle (14) around a solid centre, is arranged between said two field coils (2, 3). Outflows (17) for the salty concentrate to flow out are arranged at the edge of the water tank (4), and the salty water can be fed into the water tank through a feed (13). The drinking water component can be discharged outwards from the centre of the water tank (4) through an outflow (18).

Description

Patent application

Apparatus for the electromagnetic desalination of seawater in particular

description

The invention relates to an electromagnet with capacitive winding coils and a water tank, which is considered as a secondary winding, for desalination of seawater and for desalting saline solutions according to the preamble of claim 1.

(002) For the desalination of sea water to drinking water quality, an electromagnet is used, which consists of a soft iron core, are wound on the coils with capacitive double winding and between two coils, a water tank of electrically non-conductive material is arranged. Both coils are energized with high frequency current in such a way that both are connected to a high frequency generator. Capacitive reactive current flows through each coil, generating magnetic field strength according to Biot-Savart's law. The separation kinetics of the drinking water from the salty component takes place in the water tank in such a way that the electrically conductive salty component is pushed aside in the oscillating magnetic field.

State of the art

(003) In the oceans there is a large amount of salt water with about 35 g / L of salt available, which must be desalted to 0.5 g / L for economic use. The seawater is an electrolyte and its main components are sodium at 10,500 mg / L, potassium at 380 mg / L, magnesium at 1,350 mg / L, sulfur at 8 mg / L, calcium at 400 mg / L, boron at 4.6 mg / L, nitrogen at 15 mg / L, bromine at 65 mg / L, chlorine at 19 mg / L, fluorine at 1.2 mg / L, and a whole range of other elements.

(004) According to the prior art, for more than one hundred years, different methods and apparatuses for desalting saline solutions have been known, which are operated at different locations as a facility for seawater desalination. The desalination technology The company's main focus worldwide is on reverse osmosis, on the membrane process, on the thermal process, on multi-effect distillation and others. The said desalination devices are robust, but technically complex, expensive and in all the energy consumption is enormously high. For example, in reverse osmosis, energy consumption is between 4 to 5 kWh per 1,000 L of drinking water.

(005) Devices which separate the salt component from the drinking water component by simultaneous action of a magnetic and an alternating electric field are known. The first technically usable device of the same applicant, which is operated in a changing magnetic field and simultaneously in an alternating electric field, is published in WO 2006/039873 Al and in DE 20 2004 015 61 1 Ul. Furthermore, a device for the electromagnetic desalination of

Seawater in DE 20 2006 01 1 195 Ul and described in EP 20 14 620 A2. The mentioned electromagnetic methods have demonstrated many economic advantages experimentally and the separation of salts between 35% to 50% has been achieved. The deficit of these devices is in the area of technical complexity and inadequate effectiveness.

Object of the invention

(006) The invention is accordingly an object of the invention to provide a device for performing a method for desalting in particular seawater, which is operable with a much higher efficiency than in the previous above and thus a drinking water supply is made possible at much lower cost. Another object is to keep the cost of the device and its maintenance low.

(007) The device for carrying out this task consists of a magnetic core (1) made of soft magnetic material on the at least two field coils (2, 3) are arranged, which are wound with capacitive winding / double winding and energized with oscillating electrical reactive current , Between these two field coils (2, 3) at least one water tank (4) made of electrically non-conductive material is arranged, flows in the salty water in the circle (14) around a solid center. At the edge of the water tank (4) outlets (17) are arranged for the outflow of the salty concentrate and that the salty water is fed through an inlet (13) in the water tank. The drinking water component is discharged through an outlet (18) from the center of the water tank (4) to the outside. (008) In the water tank (4) flows z. As seawater, which is separated in an oscillating magnetic field in a drinking water component and a salty concentrate. The two capacitive field coils are preferably operated with high-frequency current, which are connected to a high-frequency generator.

(009) According to the present invention, it is essential for such a device that the high frequency current in relation to the oscillating voltage with large phase shift, i. with very low cos ίΡ, flowing through both field coils. This shift is technically described with the capacitive winding in WO 2010/00 33 94 A2 and in DE 10 2008 032 666 AI and easy to carry out.

(0010) In the water tank, the salty seawater, which is an electrolyte, flows in a circle around the center of the tank. Through the water tank oscillates a magnetic stray field. The cations and anions are electrically bound together to form closed domains in their structure. In these domains, the stray magnetic field induces eddy currents. According to the law of induction, a magnetic opposing field is induced in each domain. According to the Lorentz force, the salty domains are pushed from the center of the water tank to the edge of the tank. With increasing flux density of the magnetic stray field and with increasing frequency of the electrical reactive current, the efficiency of the device increases exponentially in both coils.

(0011) According to a preferred embodiment of the invention according to claim 2, the two field tracks (2, 3) are electrically connected so that the generated magnetic field strength is oriented with their magnetic polarity against each other. The magnetic stray field (12) generated thereby is scattered by the water tank (4).

This variant of the circuit arrangement allows a strong scattering and thus uniform distribution of the resulting eddy currents.

(0012) According to a preferred embodiment of the invention according to claim 3 in the water tank (4) on one side an intermediate wall (15) made of electrically conductive material, but not made of metal, attached. The flow direction of the salty water in the water tank (4) is thereby guided in the circle (14) around the middle.

The influence of the alternating electromagnetic field can thereby spread evenly over the entire volume of the water. At the same time a mixing of the outflowing water is prevented with the inflow. (0013) According to a preferred embodiment of the invention according to claim 4, the two field coils (2, 3) are electrically connected so that the magnetic field strength in the magnetic core (1) oscillates in a closed circuit with both polarities in series.

This circuit allows amplification of the magnetic field strength.

(0014) According to a preferred embodiment of the invention according to claim 5, the magnetic field intensity oscillating in the magnetic core (1) directly penetrates the water container (4), in which it is arranged around the magnetic core (1). The drinking water component and the salt component are characterized in the oscillating magnetic field strength of each other in the water tank (4) predominantly spatially separated. The salt component is concentrated in the region of the outer wall of the water tank (4).

This design reduces the losses of field strength in the propagation from

Magnetic core (1) to the water tank (4).

(0015) A further embodiment according to claim 6 includes that the water tank (4) is closed on all sides. Its diameter is at least twice as large as its height and in the center of this has a through opening for receiving a closed magnetic core (1).

This variant allows a high intensity of the field strength in the water tank (4).

(0016) According to a further embodiment of the invention according to claim 7, the intermediate wall (15) extends over the entire height of the water tank (4) and is arranged from the outer wall to the wall of the through hole, and adjacent to the inflow (13).

(0017) According to a preferred embodiment of the invention according to claim 8, the two field coils (2, 3) are connected to the high-frequency generator (7) by means of electrical connections (5, 6). The oscillating electric current is thus mainly capacitive reactive current.

Due to the applied high frequency, on the one hand, the capacitive reactive current is increased, which allows a strong electromagnetic alternating field with low energy consumption. On the other hand, the eddy currents in the domains are amplified, causing a stronger secretion of the saline component.

embodiments

(0018) The new device will be explained in more detail below for its implementation with reference to the drawings of exemplary embodiments.

It shows schematically: Fig. 1 in cross section an electromagnet with two field coils connected to a capacitive electrical circuit and a water tank, which is arranged between the two field coils on the magnetic core.

Fig. 2 in section the top view of a water tank with inflow for seawater and drain for the salt concentrate and drain for the drinking water.

(0019) The basic principle of the present device is illustrated in FIG. The seawater desalination takes place in a water tank 4, which is arranged on the magnetic core 1 between two field coils 2, 3. Both field coils 2, 3 are connected by electrical connections 5, 6 on the high-frequency generator 7. The electrical capacitors 8, 9 are connected to the field coil 2 according to the prior art and the capacitors 10, 11 to the field coil 3.

(0020) The stray magnetic field 12 flows from both field coils 2, 3 through the seawater into the container 4. The stray magnetic field 12 results from the fact that the field coils 2, 3 are oriented with the same magnetic polarity against each other. With each half period of the oscillating electric current in field coil 2, 3, the direction of the magnetic field is changed. In such an oscillating magnetic field both fields are always directed with their polarity against each other.

(0021) Through the inflow 13 in Fig. 2, the seawater flows into the container 4. The flow direction of the seawater in the container 4 is indicated by arrow 14. The seawater flows in a circle around the center of the container 4, which allows the intermediate wall 15 technically. It is important that the intermediate wall 15 may not be a metal plate and still be electrically conductive. Intermediate wall 15 could z. B. be a textile cover.

(0022) Of importance is the kinetics, which regulates the separation of the salt component from the drinking water. The kinetics governing this separation is directly proportional to the magnetic field strength of stray magnetic field 12, and also to the frequency of the electric current in field coils 2, 3. The electrically conductive particles in the seawater form a plurality of electrically closed domains in which eddy currents are induced. Each domain is connected to an induced magnetic field oriented in the opposite direction of the stray magnetic field 12. Arrow 16 in Fig. 2 illustrates this opposite direction. According to known physical laws, mainly according to the Lorentz force, the salt concentrate is pressed to the edge of the water tank 4. The drinking water component in this kinetics flows in the middle of the water tank 4. Outlets 17 are arranged on the outer walls of the water tank 4 and through these the salt concentrate flows to the outside. Outflow 18 leads the drinking water from the center of the water tank 4 to the outside.

(0023) The new device will be explained in more detail below for its implementation on the basis of the experimental unit. The magnetic core 1 is screwed together from core sheets. The field coils 2, 3 are wound from copper double wire. The diameter of the copper wire is 1.3 mm and on each field coil 2, 3 460 double windings are wound. The capacity of each capacitor 8, 9, 10, 11 is 20 i ¥. The windings of both field coils 2, 3 are connected to high-frequency generator 7. An experimental unit constructed in this way is designed for 500 VA reactive power.

(0024) Table 1 lists experimental data in seven columns and four rows.

In column a = voltage at the field coils 2, 3

b = frequency of the voltage of the current

c = current flowing in field coils 2, 3

d = phase angle between current and voltage

e = reactive power and active power together

f = active power alone

g = ratio between reactive power and active power

(0025) For example, at 30 V voltage and 2.56 ampere current and at 100 Hz frequency, the reactive power VA is 30.4 times greater than the active power W and that at a phase angle 0.033.

All other rows in Table 1 present experimental data that speak for itself. The data in Table 1 shows that the laboratory unit of the device was operated at low frequency. At higher frequencies, the device is more effective. The laboratory unit was tested on experimental data listed in row four. At the beginning of the test, the seawater has a salt concentration of 35 g / L. Within 30 seconds, the salt concentrate has accumulated on the edge of the water tank 4 and the drinking water component has contained 2.7 g / L of salt. When the separation time was extended to 180 seconds, the salt concentration was 0.9 g / L.

(0026) The device according to the invention can also be operated without stray field 12. In such a design alternative, the field coils 2, 3 are electrically connected in a series and their magnetic flux in the magnetic core 1 oscillates in one closed circle. In the water tank 4, the seawater is regarded as a secondary winding which is electrically short-circuited. In this one turn, electric current flows as in a short-circuited transformer. The salt concentration in tank 4 and the frequency of the flow affect the separation factor in direct proportionality. The kinetics of such a separation depends on the skin effect, on the Lorentz force and on further induction processes. Such kinetics are economically very effective when the device according to the invention is operated at high current frequencies. The magnetic core 1 must be made for high frequencies of special alloys, such as. 78% nickel and 22% iron. For the range of several kilohertz of the magnetic current, highly permeable ferrite, such as manifer, is required. The intensity of the current flowing through windings 2, 3 magnetizing current is adjustable and adjustable as needed. This rule counts for the two building structures described here.

(0027) The present device is technically uncomplicated, easy to manufacture and consists of commercial materials throughout the design. The device is operated by means of various physical parameters that are specifically adjustable for specific saline solutions.

(0028) In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a fundamental unit is illustrated. The frequency for the magnetizing current flowing in the windings can be set between 100 Hz and 70 kHz. Such a unit is technically capable of desalting the seawater to 0.5 g / l. Economical is of importance, the electrical energy consumption of such a unit is 0.8 kWh / 1,000 L of drinking water. Such economic performance is possible only because the device according to the invention is operated with capacitive reactive current. The device described here consists of a unit with a drinking water capacity of about 3,000 1 / h. Large drinking water systems are assembled from a plurality of such units and operated at suitable locations. The operating costs are only 20% compared to the state of the art. The economic benefits of the invention described herein are readily apparent to any person skilled in the art. List of reference numbers

magnetic core

Field coil 1

Field coil 2

water tank

electrical connection 1

electrical connection 2

High-frequency generator

Capacitor 1

Capacitor 2

Capacitor 3

Capacitor 4

magnetic stray field

inflow

flow direction

partition

Arrow to the direction of the induced magnetic field of the domains

Outlets for the salt concentrate

Drain for the drinking water

Claims

claims

1. A device for the electromagnetic desalination of seawater, in particular, with a water tank (4) with an inlet and separate outlets for the generated different concentration ranges and at least one electromagnetic field coil with a magnetic core, which is connected to an AC power source and a magnetic and electrical alternating field in Water tank (4) produced, characterized

in that at least two field coils (2, 3), which are wound with capacitive winding / double winding and are supplied with oscillating electrical reactive current, are arranged on a magnetic core (1) made of soft magnetic material and that at least one water tank is arranged between these two field coils (2, 3) (4) is arranged of electrically non-conductive material, in the salty water in the circle (14) flows around a solid center and that at the edge of the water tank (4) drains (17) are arranged for the drainage of the salty concentrate and that the salty water through an inlet (13) into the water tank (4) can be supplied and the drinking water component through an outlet (18) from the center of the water tank (4) can be discharged to the outside.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that

that the two field tracks (2, 3) are electrically connected so that the magnetic field strength generated is oriented with their magnetic polarity against each other and that thus the generated stray magnetic field (12) through the water tank (4) is scattered.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, characterized

that in the water tank (4) on one side an intermediate wall (15) of electrically conductive material, but not of metal, is attached, so that the flow direction of the salty water in the water tank (4) in the circle (14) leads around the middle.

4. Apparatus according to claim 1 and 3, characterized

the two field coils (2, 3) are electrically connected in such a way that the magnetic field strength in the magnetic core (1) oscillates in a closed loop with both polarities in series.

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized

in that the magnetic field intensity oscillating in the magnetic core (1) directly penetrates the water container (4), around which it is arranged around the magnetic core (1), so that the drinking water component and the salt component in the oscillating magnetic field strength predominantly spatially in the water container (4) are separated, wherein the salt component in the region of the outer wall of the water tank (4) is concentrated.

6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that

that the water container (4) is closed on all sides, its diameter is at least twice as large as its height and in the center has a through opening for receiving a closed magnetic core (1).

7. Apparatus according to claim 3 and 6, characterized

that the intermediate wall (15) extends over the entire height of the water tank (4) and from the outer wall to the wall of the through-opening, and is arranged next to the inflow (13).

8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized

in that the two field coils (2, 3) are connected to a high frequency generator (7) by means of electrical connections (5, 6) and that the oscillating electrical current is mainly capacitive reactive current.