WO2014183450A1 - 水域生态养殖牧场的围体结构单元的施工方法、及其围体结构单元和应用 - Google Patents

水域生态养殖牧场的围体结构单元的施工方法、及其围体结构单元和应用 Download PDF

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WO2014183450A1
WO2014183450A1 PCT/CN2013/090439 CN2013090439W WO2014183450A1 WO 2014183450 A1 WO2014183450 A1 WO 2014183450A1 CN 2013090439 W CN2013090439 W CN 2013090439W WO 2014183450 A1 WO2014183450 A1 WO 2014183450A1
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Prior art keywords
water
concrete
ecological
piles
layer
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PCT/CN2013/090439
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李胜南
谢庆道
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Li Shengnan
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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  • the invention belongs to the field of construction engineering and water aquaculture, and specifically relates to a construction method of a enclosure structural unit of a water ecological aquaculture pasture, and a enclosure structure unit and application thereof.
  • Marine aquaculture is a production method for the development of marine fishery resources. It uses artificial waters to take artificial measures to promote the reproduction and growth of stocked marine organisms, especially for the cultivation of special fish with high economic value, such as yellow croaker and grouper. , red carp, squid and other valuable fish.
  • cage culture is made of metal, plastic, bamboo and other materials. Synthetic fiber and metal mesh are mesh bodies and assembled into a certain shape. It is set in a large water area, and the water exchange inside and outside the cage is carried out through the mesh to form a living water environment suitable for fish living in the cage.
  • This cage culture method has the advantages of maneuverability, flexibility, simplicity, high efficiency, wide water adaptability and good economy.
  • the size of the cage is relatively small, the breeding efficiency is low, and the size of the cage is limited.
  • the activity space of the fish is small, and the water environment is poor, which makes the common fish short, fat, poor in flesh and taste. , low nutritional value;
  • the purse seine culture can be divided into two types: seawater seine net and harbor fencing culture. It adopts synthetic fiber net and metal mesh to enclose the cultured objects in the net. The inside and outside of the purse seine is separated by a net, and the water flows through the mesh. The bait and metabolites are discharged from the mesh, so that the purse seine forms a living water environment and relies on tides to achieve water exchange.
  • the purse seine is generally set at the mid-high tide level of the tidal flat or the shallow waters of the harbor, avoiding the attack of strong currents or typhoon floods.
  • This type of purse seine culture has the advantages of large scale, low cost of breeding, low cost, and easy construction. However, the following disadvantages also exist:
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a method for constructing a enclosure structure unit of a water ecological ecological farm with strong wind and wave resistance.
  • a second object of the present invention is to improve a pericarp structural unit of a water ecologically-produced pasture processed by the above method.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide an ecological farming method using aquaculture farms in a water area.
  • each concrete tubular pile is: the bottom of the cylindrical cavity formed between the outer protective wall sleeve and the inner protective wall sleeve is provided with a ring-shaped boot with a cutting edge, and the outer protective wall sleeve comprises at least one outer protective wall The indwelling layer; placing the boot in the construction position and applying pressure on the force applying head, the boot enters the water layer of the water along with the outer sheath sleeve and the inner sheath sleeve, and then enters into the base layer at the bottom of the water layer.
  • the base medium and water displaced by the boot are discharged from the inner cavity of the inner sheath sleeve and the discharge hole of the force applying head; after the boot completely enters the calibration position of the base layer of the water bottom, the outer sheath sleeve is set There is a pouring port to inject concrete into the cavity, and before the concrete solidifies, the upper pressing force pressing head, the gland and the inner protective wall sleeve are pulled up, the outer retaining wall of the outer protective wall sleeve and the boot remain in position and the outer retaining wall is left in the layer.
  • the upper end is separated from the gland, and the poured concrete is connected with the outer outer retaining layer and the lower end of the boot to form an underwater concrete tubular pile;
  • the invention adopts the above-mentioned process, and the concrete tubular pile with strong wind and wave resistance in the construction of the water body, and the grille net is arranged as the skeleton, and the water inside and outside the body can be exchanged through the grille net to form a large area and resisting wind and wave.
  • the strong living water environment therefore, the present invention can be more convenient in the water site selection than the conventional cage and purse seine farming methods.
  • the outer protective wall sleeve is left in the water to serve as the outer protection of the concrete.
  • the layer prevents the water layer in the water from directly eroding the unhardened concrete. Therefore, it can be applied to waters such as oceans, rivers and lakes, and has reliable quality.
  • the outer protective wall sleeve comprises an outer protective layer on the outer layer and an outer retaining layer disposed on the inner wall of the outer protective layer, and the outer retaining layer is provided with a part of the filling port.
  • the inner filling port has a lower end of the outer retaining layer and a downward pressure contact contact with the shoe.
  • the outer retaining wall retaining layer is provided with a strip-shaped slot forming portion which is convex toward the cylindrical cavity and which is generally longitudinal.
  • the strip-shaped slot forming portion can simultaneously form a longitudinal strip-shaped slot when the concrete tubular pile is formed, and the strip-shaped slot can be used for inserting the vertical rods on both sides of the fishing net, so that molding
  • the concrete piles combined with the fishing nets enclose the waters and become ecological farming pastures, thus avoiding the subsequent construction of the concrete piles.
  • the enclosure structure unit includes at least two concrete piles spaced apart from each other and fixed in the water, and a grid connected between the concrete piles .
  • the surrounding structural unit is arranged in a plurality of rows, and each row is distributed with at least two concrete piles, and the concrete piles of the front and rear rows are alternately arranged, and the concrete piles are staggered with each other.
  • At least one beam is fixedly disposed to form a statically indeterminate structure, wherein a grid of mesh is disposed between adjacent concrete column piles in at least one row of concrete piles.
  • the two sides of the concrete tubular pile are symmetrically disposed with longitudinal strip-shaped slots, and the two sides of the grille net are correspondingly provided with inserting rods for limiting the positions of the strip-shaped slots, Fixed mating connection.
  • the enclosure structural unit comprises two rows of concrete tubular piles, and a grid of mesh is arranged between adjacent concrete tubular piles of each row of concrete tubular piles.
  • the longitudinal beams are fixedly disposed between adjacent concrete tubular piles in each row of the concrete tubular piles.
  • the road panel is laid on the upper end of the concrete tubular pile.
  • the technical solution of the present invention provides an ecological farming method for aquaculture farm in a water area, which surrounds the water area by surrounding the body in a surrounding area and at least one section of the enclosure.
  • the enclosure structure unit of the aquatic ecological pasture according to any one of claims 5-9, the water in the enclosure and the water outside the enclosure are exchanged through the mesh of the grid mesh to form a water ecological breeding farm in the waters.
  • the cultured seedlings and bait are placed in the ecological breeding farm for ecological breeding, wherein the size of the cultured seed is larger than the mesh size of the grid.
  • the invention has the advantages that the above-mentioned process can process the enclosure structure unit with strong wind and wave resistance, and the construction is efficient and quick, thereby forming a water ecological breeding farm, which is beneficial to promoting the development and utilization of water resources, especially marine resources, and promoting the economy. Social development.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a surrounding structural unit according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a special hole-forming device for a concrete tubular pile constructed by the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a concrete tubular pile constructed by the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a second special hole-forming device for a concrete tubular pile constructed by the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing another structure of the concrete tubular pile constructed by the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a side elevational view of a peripheral structural unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a side elevational view of another angle of the enclosure structure unit of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of a grid mesh of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the grid mesh of the present invention.
  • the surrounding structural unit according to the embodiment is arranged in a plurality of rows, and each row is distributed with at least two concrete cylinders
  • the pile 8 and the concrete piles 8 of the front and rear rows are alternately arranged, and the cross beams 9 are fixed between the concrete piles which are staggered in the front and rear rows, and the adjacent concrete piles 8 in each of the concrete piles are
  • a longitudinal beam 91 is also fixedly disposed, wherein a grid mesh 10 is disposed between adjacent concrete tubular piles in at least one row of concrete tubular piles.
  • the enclosure structural unit described in this embodiment includes two rows of concrete.
  • the number of rows of the concrete tubular piles 8 of the enclosure structural unit can be correspondingly designed according to the wind and wave conditions of the applicable waters, such as the inner lake or the inland river and other waters with less wind and waves, and a row of concrete tubular piles 8 can be arranged.
  • 2 or even 2 rows of concrete piles 8 can be set up to form a mechanically statically indeterminate structure to improve the ability to resist wind and waves.
  • the structure of the grid mesh in this embodiment is as shown in FIG. 10-11, and the structure includes a plunger 101 on both sides and a grid 10 fixedly connected between the two plungers.
  • the grid mesh may be a stainless steel mesh or an epoxy coated mesh or a polyethylene fishing net, preferably an epoxy coated mesh.
  • a bottom groove 92 may be provided at the bottom of the concrete pile to position and fix the bottom of the plunger of the grid.
  • a special hole-forming device includes a concentrically disposed inner wall sleeve 1 and an outer wall sleeve 2.
  • the wall sleeve 2 is an outer wall retaining layer
  • the inner wall sleeve is
  • the cavity between the outer wall sleeve 2 and the outer wall sleeve 2 is a cylinder chamber 3
  • the outer wall sleeve 2 is provided with a filling port 21, the bottom of which is open and is in pressure contact with the shoe 4
  • the lower end of the shoe 4 is provided with a cutting edge 41, and the upper end of the inner wall sleeve 1 and the outer wall sleeve 2 is connected with a gland 5, and the gland 5 is provided with a biasing head 6
  • the urging head 6 is provided with a discharge hole 61 which is electrically connected to the inner cavity of the inner wall sleeve 1.
  • the upper end of the outer wall retaining layer and the gland 5 are in a downward direction. , the upward direction of the
  • the material of the outer wall sleeve 2 (that is, the outer wall retaining layer) of the embodiment is a rigid plastic, and specifically may be a material such as glass reinforced plastic, PE, PVC or PC.
  • the inner surface of the inner wall can be subjected to a charge treatment to make it stronger in combination with the concrete.
  • the inner wall of the outer wall sleeve 2 can be roughened, such as a burr surface, a corrugated surface, Roughening settings such as spiral surface.
  • the joint strength between the formed concrete tubular pile and the outer protective wall sleeve 2 is better, and the structure is enhanced.
  • the outer wall sleeve 2 is arranged to protrude toward the cylinder cavity and A strip-shaped slot forming portion 22 that is generally longitudinal.
  • the strip slot forming portion 22 may have a rectangular cross section, 2/3
  • the shape of the ring or the like " ⁇ " shape facilitates the insertion of the plungers on both sides of the grid net.
  • the upper end surface of the boot 4 of the present embodiment is provided with an outer support surface 42, a central boss 43 and an inner support surface 44 from the outside to the inside, and the outer support surface 42 and the inner support surface 44 are respectively connected to the outer sheath sleeve 2 is in contact with the lower end of the inner wall sleeve 1 , and the barrel 3 is sleeved and positioned with the center boss 43 . So arranged, the bottom opening of the cavity 3 is formed and pressed downwardly with the shoe 4, and when pushed into the water, the two are linked together, and when pulled up, the boot can remain in the soil layer in the water.
  • the force applying head 6 can adopt static pressure or vibration pressure when entering the water, and is preferably pulled out by vibration when pulling up, not only the upper pulling pressure resistance is small, but also can be simultaneously played.
  • the effect of tapping concrete if a reinforcing cage or a reinforcing bar is required to be reinforced, a reinforcing cage or a reinforcing bar may be placed in the cylindrical cavity 3 before the boot 4 is placed in the cylindrical cavity 3.
  • the gland 5 described in this embodiment may be a flange cover, and the gland 5 and the inner wall sleeve are integrally coupled. Corresponding grippers can be set for clamping so that the two are integrated.
  • the boot 4 enters the water layer of the water along with the outer sheath 2 and the inner sheath 1 and then enters the water layer.
  • the substrate medium and water displaced by the shoe 4 are discharged from the inner cavity of the inner wall sleeve and the discharge hole 61 of the force applying head; the base medium of the base layer at the bottom of the water layer in the water is soft.
  • Silt or fine sand also includes water.
  • the outer wall sleeve 2 is provided with a filling port 21 to inject concrete into the cavity, and the upper pressing force pressing head 6 and the gland are required before the concrete solidifies. 5 and the inner wall sleeve 1, the outer wall sleeve 2 is kept stationary and its upper end is separated from the gland 5, and the poured concrete is connected with the outer outer wall sleeve 2 and the lower end tube 4 to form an underwater Concrete piles.
  • FIG. 1 The structure of the concrete tubular pile constructed in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 1
  • the construction process of the concrete tubular pile can also adopt such a special hole-forming device as shown in FIG. 5-6, including the inner wall sleeve 1 and the outer wall sleeve which are arranged concentrically, and the outer wall according to the embodiment
  • the sleeve includes an outer protective layer 2a on the outer layer and an outer retaining layer 7 disposed concentrically on the inner wall of the outer protective layer.
  • the outer retaining layer 7 is provided with an inner filling port 71 belonging to a part of the filling port.
  • the lower end of the outer retaining layer 7 is in downward pressure contact with the shoe 4, the cavity between the inner wall sleeve 1 and the outer wall sleeve is a cavity 3, and the outer wall sleeve is provided with a perfusion
  • the bottom of the cylinder chamber 3 is open and is in a downward pressure contact with the shoe 4, and the lower end of the shoe 4 is provided with a cutting edge 41, the inner wall sleeve 1 and the outer wall sleeve
  • the upper end is connected with a pressure cover 5, and the pressure cover 5 is provided with a biasing pressure head 6, which is provided with a discharge hole 61 which is electrically connected to the inner cavity of the inner wall sleeve 1, and an outer wall retaining layer
  • the matching relationship between the upper end of the 7 and the gland 5 is as follows: the downward direction is pressed against the interlocking force, and the upward direction is moved in the split body.
  • the outer retaining wall retaining layer 7 is arranged to protrude toward the cylinder cavity and A strip-shaped slot forming portion 72 that is generally longitudinal.
  • the strip slot forming portion 72 may have a rectangular cross section, 2/3
  • the shape of the ring or the like " ⁇ " shape facilitates the insertion of the vertical rods on both sides of the grid net.
  • the strip-shaped groove forming portion 72 can be integrally formed and molded with the outer wall retaining layer 7.
  • the upper end surface of the boot 4 of the present embodiment is provided with an outer support surface 42, a central boss 43 and an inner support surface 44 from the outside to the inside, and the outer support surface 42 and the inner support surface 44 are respectively connected to the outer sheath sleeve 2 is in contact with the lower end of the inner wall sleeve 1 , and the barrel 3 is sleeved and positioned with the center boss 43 . So arranged, the bottom opening of the cavity 3 is formed and pressed downwardly with the shoe 4, and when pushed into the water, the two are linked together, and when pulled up, the boot can remain in the soil layer in the water.
  • the force applying head 6 can adopt static pressure or vibration pressure when entering the water, and is preferably pulled out by vibration when pulling up, not only the upper pulling pressure resistance is small, but also can be simultaneously played.
  • the effect of tapping concrete if a reinforcing cage or a reinforcing bar is required to be reinforced, a reinforcing cage or a reinforcing bar may be placed in the cylindrical cavity 3 before the boot 4 is placed in the cylindrical cavity 3.
  • the gland 5 of the embodiment may be a flange cover.
  • the gland 5 is integrally coupled with the inner wall sleeve 1 and the outer wall layer 2a, and may be provided with corresponding holders for clamping.
  • the gland 5 and the outer retaining wall retaining layer 7 are in the above-mentioned downward pressure contact engagement, and constitute a downward direction pressure-pressure linkage fit, and the upward direction movable split fit.
  • the process step is: the bottom of the cylindrical cavity 3 formed between the outer protective wall sleeve and the inner protective wall sleeve 1 is annularly provided with a cutting edge 41.
  • the boot 4 is placed in the construction position and pressed on the urging head 6, and the boot 4 enters the water layer of the water along with the outer sheath sleeve and the inner sheath sleeve 1 and then enters the water layer.
  • the muddy water squeezed by the boot 4 is discharged from the inner cavity of the inner protective wall sleeve and the discharge hole 61 of the force applying head; after the boot 4 completely enters the calibration position of the soil layer at the bottom of the water, from the outside
  • the wall sleeve 2 is provided with a filling port to inject concrete into the barrel cavity 3, and the force applying head 6, the gland 5, the inner wall sleeve 1 and the outer wall sleeve 2 are pulled out while injecting the outer wall retaining layer 7 to maintain the position. Without moving and the upper end is separated from the gland, the poured concrete is joined together with the outer outer retaining layer 7 and the lower end boot 4 to form an underwater concrete tubular pile.
  • the two sides of the concrete tubular pile according to the embodiment are symmetrically disposed with longitudinal strip-shaped slots (as shown by reference numeral 22 in FIG. 3), and the two sides of the grille net are correspondingly arranged with strips
  • the slot is inserted into the limit rod, and the two are fixedly connected.
  • the invention utilizes the above-mentioned construction process and the enclosure structure unit to construct a water ecological farm in the waters by enclosing the water in the water through the enclosure and surrounded by the surrounding, and at least one section is the enclosure structure
  • the unit, the water in the enclosure and the water outside the enclosure are exchanged through the mesh of the grid mesh to form a water ecological farm.
  • it can be combined with other enclosure structures in the water, such as dams and islands.

Abstract

一种水域生态养殖牧场的围体结构单元的施工方法、围体结构单元和及其应用。该围体结构单元包括有至少两个相互间隔且固定于水域中的混凝土筒桩（8），以及连接于混凝土筒桩之间的格栅网（1），每个混凝土筒桩都采用现浇混凝土方式快速成型。利用该围体结构单元将水域围成可以与外界进行水域交换的生态养殖牧场。该围体结构单元抗风浪能力强，施工高效快捷。

Description

水域生态养殖牧场的围体结构单元的施工方法、及其围体结构单元和应用 技术领域
本发明属于建筑工程领域和水域养殖领域，具体是水域生态养殖牧场的围体结构单元的施工方法、及其围体结构单元和应用。
背景技术
随着海洋经济的发展，加大对于海洋等渔业资源的开发利用，逐渐成为社会的共识。海水养殖是一种海洋渔业资源开发的生产方式，其利用特定的水域，采取人工措施，促进放养的海洋生物繁殖和生长，尤其是养殖经济价值高的特种鱼类，如黄花鱼、石斑鱼、红鲷、鲳鱼等名贵鱼类。
目前，我国海水养殖主要采用网箱养殖和围网养殖，其中网箱养殖是用金属、塑料、竹木等材料为框架，合成纤维、金属网片为网身，装配成一定形状的箱体，并设置在较大的水域中，通过网眼进行网箱内外水域交换，使网箱内形成一个适宜鱼类生活的活水环境。这种网箱养殖方式具有机动、灵活、简便、高效、水域适应性广和经济性好等优点，然而受自身结构限制，存在以下缺点：
（1）抗风浪能力差，因此局限于避风条件好的内湾，进而导致水域交换条件差，长期处于高密度养殖状态，使得内湾的底质和水质条件恶化，导致鱼类生长缓慢、病害流行，生态效益差；
（2）为了防止附着物堵塞网孔，需要经常换洗网箱，而且在鱼的不同养成阶段需要更换网目预期鱼体大小相应的网衣，同时为了保持水域环境和防止病原体传播，需要定期捞除箱内的死鱼，存在工作量大，劳动效率低，渔民作业环境差、管理不便；
（3）网箱体积比较小，养殖效率较低，而且受网箱体积的限制，鱼的活动空间小，加之水域环境较差，使得养成鱼普遍体型短胖、色泽差、肉质、口感差，营养价值低；
（4）传统的网箱养殖几乎很难带动休闲渔业之类的其他附属产业的发展，社会效益不显著。
围网养殖可分为海水围网和港湾围栏养殖两种，其采用合成纤维网、金属网片将养殖对象围养在网内，围网内外仅一网之隔，水流从网孔通过，残饵以及代谢产物从网孔排出，使围网形成活水环境，依赖潮汐实现水域交换。围网一般设置在滩涂的中高潮位或港湾浅海区，避开强潮流或台风洪水的袭击。这种围网养殖具有规模大，养殖密度低成本低，修建容易等优点。然而也存在以下缺点：
（1）对于滩涂围栏养殖，由于堤坝的存在，大大减缓了潮流流速，大量的泥沙在养殖场内产生淤积，而且仅在涨潮时围网内外才存在水域交换，导致水域交换不畅，发病率高，进而导致海水环境恶化，该方法基于滩涂，去海水水位浅，只适合养殖扇贝、牡蛎等，不适合养殖鱼类；
（2）港湾围栏研制形式简单，但是其仅仅通过渔网分隔，抗风浪能力差。
 技术问题
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术存在的缺点和不足，而提供一种抗风浪能力强的水域生态养殖牧场的围体结构单元的施工方法。
本发明的第二个目的是提高一种利用上述方法所加工出的水域生态养殖牧场的围体结构单元。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种利用水域生态养殖牧场的生态养殖方法。
 技术解决方案
为实现本发明的第一个目的，包括以下施工工序：
（1）在水域中施工至少两个相互间隔且固定于水域中的混凝土筒桩；
每个混凝土筒桩的施工工艺是：在外护壁套筒和内护壁套筒之间形成的筒腔的底部装上环形且带有切削刃的筒靴，外护壁套筒包括有至少一层外护壁留置层；将筒靴置于施工位置并在施力压头上施压，筒靴随同外护壁套筒和内护壁套筒一起进入水域的水层，并进而进入到水层底部的基底层中，受筒靴排挤的基底介质和水从内护壁套筒的内腔以及施力压头的排料孔排出；待筒靴完全进入水域底部基底层的标定位置后，从外护壁套筒上设置有灌注口向筒腔灌注混凝土，待混凝土凝固前，上拔施力压头、压盖和内护壁套筒，外护壁套筒的外护壁留置层和筒靴保持位置不动且外护壁留置层上端与压盖分离，灌注的混凝土与外侧的外护壁留置层以及下端的筒靴连成一起，形成水下混凝土筒桩；
（2）在相邻的混凝土筒桩之间固定格栅网，形成水域生态养殖牧场的围体结构单元。
 有益效果
本发明通过上述工艺，在水域中施工中抗风浪能力强的混凝土筒桩，并以此为骨架设置格栅网，围体内外的水可通过格栅网进行交换，形成大区域且抗风浪能力强的活水环境，因此，本发明可以在水域选址上相较于传统的网箱和围网养殖方式，更加方便。另外，通过上述施工工艺，在加工混凝土筒桩时，无需取土和复土，施工速度快捷高效，另外，对于水域的特殊工况，将外护壁套筒留置于水域中，充当混凝土的外侧保护层，防止水域的水层对未硬化的混凝土直接冲蚀，因此，可以适用于海洋、江河湖泊等水域中应用，质量可靠。
进一步设置是所述的外护壁套筒包括有位于外层的外护壁层以及同心活动贴邻设置于外护壁层内壁上的外护壁留置层，该外护壁留置层上设置有属于灌注口一部分的内灌注口，该外护壁留置层的下端与筒靴向下抵压接触配合。
进一步设置是所述的外护壁留置层上设置向筒腔方向凸起且整体呈纵向的条形插槽成型部。过本设置，利用该条形插槽成型部，在混凝土筒桩成型时，能同时形成纵向的条形插槽，该条形插槽可以用于渔网两侧的竖杆的插装，使得成型后的混凝土筒桩结合渔网，将水域围起来，成为生态养殖牧场，从而避免了后期的在混凝土筒桩的后续施工。
进一步设置是将筒靴装在筒腔之前，先在筒腔中置入钢筋笼或钢筋条。
为实现本发明第二个发明目的，本发明的技术方案是该围体结构单元包括有至少两个相互间隔且固定于水域中的混凝土筒桩，以及连接于混凝土筒桩之间的格栅网。
进一步设置是所述的围体结构单元为多排分排布置，每一排分布有至少两个混凝土筒桩，且前后排的混凝土筒桩相互交错布置，且前后排相互交错的混凝土筒桩之间至少固定设置有一道横梁，构成超静定结构，其中至少一排混凝土筒桩中的相邻的混凝土筒桩之间设置有格栅网。通过本设置，使得围体结构单元的抗风浪能力大为提高，因此，能将其应用于风浪较大的海域。
进一步设置是所述的混凝土筒桩的两侧对称设置有纵向的条形插槽，所述的格栅网的两侧对应地设置有与条形插槽插配限位的插杆，二者固定插配连接。
进一步设置是所述的围体结构单元包括有两排混凝土筒桩，且每排混凝土筒桩的相邻的混凝土筒桩之间设置有格栅网。
进一步设置是所述的每一排混凝土筒桩中的相邻的混凝土筒桩之间还固定设置有纵梁。
进一步设置是所述的混凝土筒桩的上端铺设路面板。
为实现本发明的第三个目的，本发明的技术方案是提供了一种水域生态养殖牧场的生态养殖方法，在水域中通过围体并以四周包围的方式包围出水域，且至少一段围体为如权利要求5-9之一所述的水域生态养殖牧场的围体结构单元，围体内的水与围体外的水通过格栅网的网孔进行交换，构成水域生态养殖牧场，在该水域生态养殖牧场中投放养殖苗种和饵料进行生态养殖，其中投放的养殖苗种的尺寸大于格栅网的网孔尺寸。
本发明的优点是：通过上述工艺可以加工出抗风浪能力强、且施工高效快捷的的围体结构单元，进而形成水域生态养殖牧场，有利于推动水域资源尤其是海洋资源的开发利用，促进经济社会的发展。
下面结合说明书附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步介绍。
 附图说明
图 1 本发明具体实施方式围体结构单元的结构示意图。
图 2 本发明所施工的混凝土筒桩的一种专用成孔器结构示意图；
图 3 为图 2 的横剖图；
图 4 本发明所施工的混凝土筒桩的一种结构示意图；
图 5 本发明所施工的混凝土筒桩的第二种专用成孔器结构示意图；
图 6 为图 5 的横剖图；
图 7 本发明所施工的混凝土筒桩的另一种结构示意图；
图 8 为本发明具体实施方式围体结构单元的侧视图；
图 9 为本发明具体实施方式围体结构单元的另一角度的侧视图；
图 10 为本发明格栅网的结构示意图；
图 11 为本发明格栅网的结构剖视图。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体的描述，只用于对本发明进行进一步说明，不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限定，该领域的技术工程师可根据上述发明的内容对本发明作出一些非本质的改进和调整。
如图1-7所示的本发明的具体实施方式，包括以下施工工序：
（1）在水域中施工至少两个相互间隔且固定于水域中的混凝土筒桩8；本实施例所述的围体结构单元为多排分排布置，每一排分布有至少两个混凝土筒桩8，且前后排的混凝土筒桩8相互交错布置，且前后排相互交错的混凝土筒桩之间固定有横梁9，所述的每一排混凝土筒桩中的相邻的混凝土筒桩8之间还固定设置有纵梁91，其中至少一排混凝土筒桩中的相邻的混凝土筒桩之间设置有格栅网10，另外，本实施例所述的围体结构单元包括有两排混凝土筒桩，且每排混凝土筒桩的相邻的混凝土筒桩之间设置有格栅网，而且所述的混凝土筒桩的上端铺设路面板，通过设置该路面板便于做旅游观光以及方便渔民喂养操作。本实施例该围体结构单元的混凝土筒桩8的排数可以根据所适用水域的风浪情况作对应设计，比如内湖或者内河等风浪较小的水域，设置一排混凝土筒桩8即可，而对于风浪较大的海区，可以设置2排甚至2排以上的混凝土筒桩8，以形成力学上的超静定结构，提高抗风浪的能力。
本实施例所述的格栅网的结构如图10-11所示，其结构包括有位于两侧的插杆101、以及固定连接于两个插杆之间的格栅网10，本实施例该格栅网可以采用不锈钢网或者环氧树脂涂层钢筋网或聚乙烯渔网，优选采用环氧树脂涂层钢筋网。另外，如图9所示，也可以在混凝土筒桩的底部设置有底槽92对格栅网的插杆的底部进行定位固定。
如图2-3所示一种专用成孔器，包括有同心设置的内护壁套筒1和外护壁套筒2，本实施例外护壁套筒2即为外护壁留置层，该内护壁套筒1和外护壁套筒2之间的空腔为筒腔3，且该外护壁套筒2上设置有灌注口21，所述的筒腔3的底部开口且与筒靴4向下抵压接触配合，该筒靴4的下端设置有切削刃41，所述的内护壁套筒1和外护壁套筒2的上端连接有压盖5，该压盖5上设置有施力压头6，该施力压头6上设置有与内护壁套筒1的内腔导通的排料孔61，所述的外护壁留置层的上端与压盖5的配合关系为：向下方向抵压联动配合，向上方向活动分体配合。
本实施例所述的外护壁套筒2（即为外护壁留置层）的材质为刚性塑料，具体可以是玻璃钢、PE、PVC或PC等材料。另外，在施工时可以对其内表面进行附电荷处理，使其与混凝土的结合能力更强，另外，也可以对外护壁套筒2的内壁上呈粗糙化设置，如形成毛刺面、波纹面、螺旋面等粗糙化设置。使得成型后的混凝土筒桩与外护壁套筒2之间结合强度更好，增强了其结构。
另外，为了能使得本工艺所加工出的混凝土筒桩能适用于与格栅网的安装，进而将水域围成生态养殖牧场，所述的外护壁套筒2上设置向筒腔方向凸起且整体呈纵向的条形插槽成型部22。该条形插槽成型部22的横截面可以为矩形、2/3 圆环或者类似“Ω”形等形状，方便格栅网两侧的插杆插装。
本实施例所述的筒靴4的上端面从外到内以此设置有外支承面42、中心凸台43和内支承面44，外支承面42和内支承面44分别与外护壁套筒2和内护壁套筒1的下端接触配合，所述筒腔3与中心凸台43套配定位连接。如此设置，构成筒腔3的底部开口且与筒靴4向下抵压接触配合，在推进到水域时，二者一起联动，拔起时，筒靴能留在水域中的土层中。
本实施例所述的施力压头6在进入水域时，可以采用静压力也可以采用振动压力，在上拔时，优选采用振动方式拔出，不仅上拔压阻力小，而且可以同时起到振实混凝土的效果。另外，如果需要钢筋笼或者钢筋条加强的，可以在将筒靴4装在筒腔3之前，先在筒腔3中置入钢筋笼或钢筋条。
本实施例所述的压盖5可以为法兰盖，该压盖5与内护壁套筒为一体联动配合。可以设置对应的夹持器进行夹持，使二者成为一体联动。
利用上述的专用成孔器进行施工水域中的混凝土筒桩时，其工艺步骤是：
（1）在外护壁套筒2和内护壁套筒1之间形成的筒腔3的底部装上环形且带有切削刃的筒靴4；
（2）将筒靴4置于施工位置并在施力压头6上施压，筒靴4随同外护壁套筒2和内护壁套筒1一起进入水域的水层，并进而进入到水层底部的基底层中，受筒靴4排挤的基底介质和水从内护壁套筒的内腔以及施力压头的排料孔61排出；水域中水层底部的基底层的基底介质为松软的淤泥土或者细沙石，当然还包括有水。
（3）待筒靴4完全进入水域底部土层的标定位置后，从外护壁套筒2上设置有灌注口21向筒腔灌注混凝土，待混凝土凝固前上拔施力压头6、压盖5和内护壁套筒1，外护壁套筒2保持位置不动且其上端与压盖5分离，灌注的混凝土与外侧的外护壁套筒2和下端的筒靴4连成一起，形成水下混凝土筒桩。
本实施例施工出的混凝土筒桩的结构如图4所示。
另外，混凝土筒桩的施工工艺还可以采用如图5-6所示的这种专用成孔器，包括有同心设置的内护壁套筒1和外护壁套筒，本实施例所述的外护壁套筒包括有位于外层的外护壁层2a以及同心活动贴邻设置于外护壁层内壁上的外护壁留置层7，该外护壁留置层7上设置有属于灌注口一部分的内灌注口71，该外护壁留置层7的下端与筒靴4向下抵压接触配合，该内护壁套筒1和外护壁套筒之间的空腔为筒腔3，且该外护壁套筒上设置有灌注口21，所述的筒腔3的底部开口且与筒靴4向下抵压接触配合，该筒靴4的下端设置有切削刃41，所述的内护壁套筒1和外护壁套筒的上端连接有压盖5，该压盖5上设置有施力压头6，该施力压头6上设置有与内护壁套筒1的内腔导通的排料孔61，外护壁留置层7的上端与压盖5的配合关系为：向下方向抵压联动配合，向上方向活动分体配合。
另外，为了能使得本工艺所加工出的混凝土筒桩能适用于与格栅网的安装，进而将水域围成生态养殖牧场，所述的外护壁留置层7上设置向筒腔方向凸起且整体呈纵向的条形插槽成型部72。该条形插槽成型部72的横截面可以为矩形、2/3 圆环或者类似“Ω”形等形状，方便格栅网两侧的竖杆插装。在实际加工时，该条形插槽成型部72可以与外护壁留置层7一体加工成型制造。
本实施例所述的筒靴4的上端面从外到内以此设置有外支承面42、中心凸台43和内支承面44，外支承面42和内支承面44分别与外护壁套筒2和内护壁套筒1的下端接触配合，所述筒腔3与中心凸台43套配定位连接。如此设置，构成筒腔3的底部开口且与筒靴4向下抵压接触配合，在推进到水域时，二者一起联动，拔起时，筒靴能留在水域中的土层中。
本实施例所述的施力压头6在进入水域时，可以采用静压力也可以采用振动压力，在上拔时，优选采用振动方式拔出，不仅上拔压阻力小，而且可以同时起到振实混凝土的效果。另外，如果需要钢筋笼或者钢筋条加强的，可以在将筒靴4装在筒腔3之前，先在筒腔3中置入钢筋笼或钢筋条。
本实施例所述的压盖5可以为法兰盖，该压盖5与内护壁套筒1和外护壁层2a为一体联动配合，可以设置对应的夹持器进行夹持，使二者成为一体联动。而该压盖5与外护壁留置层7为上述的向下抵压接触配合，构成向下方向抵压联动配合，向上方向活动分体配合。
利用该专用成孔器进行施工水域中的混凝土筒桩时，其工艺步骤是：在外护壁套筒和内护壁套筒1之间形成的筒腔3的底部装上环形且带有切削刃41的筒靴4；将筒靴4置于施工位置并在施力压头6上施压，筒靴4随同外护壁套筒和内护壁套筒1一起进入水域的水层，并进而进入到水层底部的土层中，受筒靴4排挤的泥水从内护壁套筒的内腔以及施力压头的排料孔61排出；待筒靴4完全进入水域底部土层的标定位置后，从外护壁套筒2上设置有灌注口向筒腔3灌注混凝土，边灌注边上拔施力压头6、压盖5、内护壁套筒1和外护壁套筒2，外护壁留置层7保持位置不动且其上端与压盖分离，灌注的混凝土与外侧的外护壁留置层7以及下端的筒靴4连成一起，形成水下混凝土筒桩。
施工出的混凝土筒桩的结构如图7所示。
在混凝土筒桩成型完成后，继续进行以下工序：
（2）在相邻的混凝土筒桩之间固定格栅网，形成水域生态养殖牧场的围体结构单元。
本实施例所述的混凝土筒桩的两侧对称设置有纵向的条形插槽（如图3中标号22所示位置），所述的格栅网的两侧对应地设置有与条形插槽插配限位的插杆，二者固定插配连接。
本发明利用上述施工工艺以及围体结构单元可在水域中构建水域生态养殖牧场，其方式是在水域中通过围体并以四周包围的方式包围出水域，且至少一段为所述的围体结构单元，围体内的水与围体外的水通过格栅网的网孔进行交换，构成水域生态养殖牧场，在实际应用时，可以结合水域中其他围体结构，如堤坝、海岛等。通过该水域生态养殖牧场，在该水域生态养殖牧场中投放鱼苗和饵料进行生态养殖，有利于推动水域资源尤其是海洋资源的开发利用，促进经济社会的发展。
 本发明的实施方式
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Claims (10)

  1. 一种水域生态养殖牧场的围体结构单元的施工方法，其特征在于包括以下施工工序：
    （1）在水域中施工至少两个相互间隔且固定于水域中的混凝土筒桩；
    每个混凝土筒桩的施工工艺是：在外护壁套筒和内护壁套筒之间形成的筒腔的底部装上环形且带有切削刃的筒靴，外护壁套筒包括有至少一层外护壁留置层；将筒靴置于施工位置并在施力压头上施压，筒靴随同外护壁套筒和内护壁套筒一起进入水域的水层，并进而进入到水层底部的基底层中，受筒靴排挤的基底介质和水从内护壁套筒的内腔以及施力压头的排料孔排出；待筒靴完全进入水域底部基底层的标定位置后，从外护壁套筒上设置有灌注口向筒腔灌注混凝土，待混凝土凝固前，上拔施力压头、压盖和内护壁套筒，外护壁套筒的外护壁留置层和筒靴保持位置不动且外护壁留置层上端与压盖分离，灌注的混凝土与外侧的外护壁留置层以及下端的筒靴连成一起，形成水下混凝土筒桩；
    （2）在相邻的混凝土筒桩之间固定格栅网，形成水域生态养殖牧场的围体结构单元。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水域生态养殖牧场的围体结构单元的施工方法，其特征在于：所述的外护壁套筒包括有位于外层的外护壁层以及同心活动贴邻设置于外护壁层内壁上的外护壁留置层，该外护壁留置层上设置有属于灌注口一部分的内灌注口，该外护壁留置层的下端与筒靴向下抵压接触配合。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水域生态养殖牧场的围体结构单元的施工方法，其特征在于：所述的外护壁留置层上设置向筒腔方向凸起且整体呈纵向的条形插槽成型部。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水域生态养殖牧场的围体结构单元的施工方法，其特征在于：将筒靴装在筒腔之前，先在筒腔中置入钢筋笼或钢筋条。
  5. 一种如权利要求1所述方法制作的水域生态养殖牧场的围体结构单元，其特征在于：该围体结构单元包括有至少两个相互间隔且固定于水域中的混凝土筒桩，以及连接于混凝土筒桩之间的格栅网。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种水域生态养殖牧场的围体结构单元，其特征在于：所述的围体结构单元为多排分排布置，每一排分布有至少两个混凝土筒桩，且前后排的混凝土筒桩相互交错布置，且前后排相互交错的混凝土筒桩之间至少固定设置有一道横梁，其中至少一排混凝土筒桩中的相邻的混凝土筒桩之间设置有格栅网。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种水域生态养殖牧场的围体结构单元，其特征在于：所述的混凝土筒桩的两侧对称设置有纵向的条形插槽，所述的格栅网的两侧对应地设置有与条形插槽插配限位的插杆，二者固定插配连接。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的一种水域生态养殖牧场的围体结构单元，其特征在于：所述的围体结构单元包括有两排混凝土筒桩，且每排混凝土筒桩的相邻的混凝土筒桩之间设置有格栅网。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的一种水域生态养殖牧场的围体结构单元，其特征在于：所述的每一排混凝土筒桩中的相邻的混凝土筒桩之间还固定设置有纵梁。
  10. 一种水域生态养殖牧场的生态养殖方法，其特征在于：在水域中通过围体并以四周包围的方式包围出水域，且至少一段围体为如权利要求5-9之一所述的水域生态养殖牧场的围体结构单元，围体内的水与围体外的水通过格栅网的网孔进行交换，构成水域生态养殖牧场，在该水域生态养殖牧场中投放养殖苗种和饵料进行生态养殖，其中投放的养殖苗种的尺寸大于格栅网的网孔尺寸。
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