WO2014181717A1 - 重油を使用する船舶用ディーゼルエンジンの排ガス処理装置 - Google Patents
重油を使用する船舶用ディーゼルエンジンの排ガス処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014181717A1 WO2014181717A1 PCT/JP2014/061746 JP2014061746W WO2014181717A1 WO 2014181717 A1 WO2014181717 A1 WO 2014181717A1 JP 2014061746 W JP2014061746 W JP 2014061746W WO 2014181717 A1 WO2014181717 A1 WO 2014181717A1
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Images
Classifications
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- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
- B03C3/025—Combinations of electrostatic separators, e.g. in parallel or in series, stacked separators or dry-wet separator combinations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
- B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
- B03C3/06—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary tube electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
- B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/037—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of inertial or centrifugal separators, e.g. of cyclone type, optionally combined or associated with agglomerators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/08—Ionising electrode being a rod
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/10—Ionising electrode with two or more serrated ends or sides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/30—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation for use in or with vehicles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/36—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an exhaust flap
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
- F01N2590/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for marine vessels or naval applications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention removes particulate matter (Particulate Matter: hereinafter referred to as “PM”) mainly composed of carbon contained in exhaust gas of a diesel engine and harmful gas, and is used for ships, power generation, general industries, etc.
- PM particulate Matter
- fuel oil is used in the marine industry in the form of diesel oil (Diesel Oil: DO), marine diesel fuel (MDF) or marine diesel oil (Marine Diesel Oil: MDO), marine fuel oil (Marine).
- Heavy oil Fuel Oil (MFO), Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), Residual Fuel Oil (RFO), and these symbols are collectively referred to as “heavy oil”) and the aforementioned heavy oil
- It relates to exhaust gas processing technology for large displacement diesel engines that emit higher temperature exhaust gas that uses lower quality fuel, and more specifically for marine, power generation, general production
- Such use engines relates to electrical processing technology of exhaust gases using corona discharge in atmospheric emissions diesel engines.
- heavy oil and fuels lower in quality than heavy oil are collectively referred to as heavy oil.
- Diesel engines are widely used as power sources for various ships, generators, large construction machines, and various automobiles, but as is well known, PM contained in exhaust gas discharged from diesel engines is air pollution. In addition to toxic substances, it is a substance that is extremely harmful to the human body, so purification of the exhaust gas is extremely important. For this reason, many proposals have already been made, such as improvement of the combustion method of diesel engines, the use of various exhaust gas filters, and a method of electrical treatment using corona discharge, some of which have been put into practical use.
- components of PM (particulate matter) in exhaust gas of a diesel engine are organic solvent soluble (SOF: Soluble Organic Fractions, hereinafter referred to as “SOF”) and organic solvent insoluble (ISF: Insoluble Organic).
- SOF organic solvent soluble
- ISF organic solvent insoluble
- the ISF component is mainly composed of carbon (soot) and sulfate (sulfate) components having low electrical resistivity.
- the SOF component and the ISF component are affected as much as possible because of their effects on the human body and the environment. Less exhaust gas is desired. In particular, it is also said that the degree of adverse effects of PM in a living body is particularly problematic when the particle diameter is nm.
- Patent Documents 1 to 6 have been proposed as a method of performing electrical treatment using corona discharge. That is, in Patent Document 1, as schematically shown in FIG. 23, a discharge charging portion 122 including a corona discharge portion 122-1 and a charging portion 122-2 is connected to the exhaust gas passage 121 to corona discharge. The charged electrons 129 are charged to the PM 128 mainly composed of carbon in the exhaust gas G 1, and the charged PM 128 is collected by a collecting plate 123 disposed in the exhaust gas passage 121.
- the electrode needle 124 has a short length in the flow direction of the exhaust gas flow, and the collecting plate 123 is disposed in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the exhaust gas flow.
- Methods and apparatus have been proposed.
- 125 is a seal gas pipe
- 126 is a high voltage power supply device
- 127 is an exhaust gas induction pipe.
- Patent Document 2 as schematically shown in FIG. 24, a needle electrode 131 for causing a corona discharge 135 around the needle tip 131-1 to charge PM133 in the exhaust gas, and the charged PM133 are captured.
- An exhaust PM collection device for a diesel engine comprising a collection electrode 132 for collecting, and a high-voltage DC power supply 134 for applying a predetermined high DC voltage between the needle electrode 131 and the collection electrode 132 has been proposed.
- 136 is a deflection electrode.
- Patent Document 3 as schematically shown in FIG. 25, a fixed cylindrical body 141 constituting one of the collection electrode pairs for collecting PM provided in the exhaust path, and a central portion of the fixed cylindrical body 141 are provided.
- An electrode rod 142 extending in the axial direction and constituting the other of the collection electrode pair, and a high voltage for forming an electrostatic field between the collection electrode pair and accumulating PM in the exhaust gas on the inner surface of the fixed cylindrical body 141
- An exhaust gas purifying apparatus comprising a power supply unit 143 and a scraping unit 144 that rotates relative to the fixed cylindrical body along the inner surface of the fixed cylindrical body 141 and scrapes PM accumulated on the inner surface of the fixed cylindrical body.
- reference numeral 145 denotes an exhaust pipe and 146 denotes a rotating cylindrical portion.
- Patent Document 4 a discharge electrode for charging PM contained in exhaust gas of a diesel engine, an electric dust collecting means having a dust collecting electrode for collecting charged PM, and a dust collected by the dust collecting electrode are retained.
- a diesel engine exhaust gas purification device including means for separating the PM to be separated from the dust collection electrode and a cyclone type separation and collection means for separating and collecting the PM peeled from the dust collection electrode.
- this apparatus is configured to process exhaust gas while flowing in the lateral direction, and as an electric dust collection unit 151 for collecting PM, and a separate collection unit.
- the electrostatic precipitator 151 includes a cylindrical metal body 157 attached to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical housing 156 and an uneven portion 158 formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical metal body.
- a dust electrode 154, a main electrode 159 extending along the axis of the dust collection electrode 154, and a group of radially projecting electrode needles 160 disposed at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the main electrode 159 are configured.
- the cyclone 152 is configured at a site downstream of the guide vane 161 that converts the flow of the gas flow 153 that has passed through the electrostatic precipitator 151 into a swirl flow.
- An exhaust pipe 162 for discharging the gas in the cyclone, hopper 163 for collecting PM, which is centrifuged is provided.
- Reference numeral 164 denotes a peeling mechanism that peels off PM collected and collected by the dust collecting electrode 154 from the dust collecting electrode, and includes, for example, an eccentric motor 165 that generates vibration due to eccentricity.
- Reference numeral 166 denotes an extraction pipe for returning the exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe 162 to the upper space of the hopper 163.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a gas provided with a charged aggregation portion that collects and aggregates components to be collected in exhaust gas of a diesel engine mounted on an automobile by corona discharge, and a filter portion that collects the aggregated components.
- the processing unit is configured such that the charge aggregation unit 170 is disposed on the upstream side and the filter unit 180 is disposed on the downstream side, and the gas passage wall of the charge aggregation unit 170 is formed in the cylindrical body 171. , 171a, etc., and a dust collecting electrode of a low voltage electrode is formed by a conductive cylindrical body 171f disposed in the vicinity of the surface of the gas passage wall, and a linear shape disposed inside these cylindrical bodies.
- a corona electrode with a high-voltage electrode of the body Forming a corona electrode with a high-voltage electrode of the body, and forming a cylindrical body of the gas passage wall as a gas cooling section for naturally cooling the gas by natural convection and heat radiation; Body, or said conductivity
- the means for accelerating turbulence 171e to promote turbulence the gas processing devices constituting provided on the surface or near the surface of the tubular body is shown.
- 171c is a gas inlet chamber
- 171b is a corona electrode
- 171d is a gas outlet chamber.
- the diesel engine exhaust gas treatment apparatus using low-quality fuel equal to or less than heavy oil described in Patent Document 6 is roughly divided into a tubular collection unit 191 that constitutes an electric dust collection means as shown in FIG.
- the tubular collecting portion 191 provided for collecting the PM particles includes a collecting wall 191-1k having a predetermined length constituting the dust collecting electrode. It has a collecting tube 191-1 and a discharge electrode 191-2 for charging PM contained in the exhaust gas.
- the collection pipe 191-1 constituting the dust collection electrode has an exhaust gas introduction port 191-1a at the end on the upstream side (diesel engine side), and a low concentration of PM in the vicinity of the axial center at the end on the downstream side.
- the exhaust gas outlet pipe 193 is connected to a PM high-concentration exhaust gas outlet 191-1b in the vicinity of the inner peripheral surface of the downstream end.
- the discharge electrode 191-2 is disposed at a desired interval in the longitudinal direction of the main electrode 191-2a extending substantially over the entire length of the axial center of the collection tube 191-1 constituting the dust collection electrode. And a group of radially projecting electrode needles 191-2b.
- the discharge electrode 191-2 configured in this way is connected to the seal air introduction pipe portion 191-1c provided on the exhaust gas inlet 191-1a side of the collection pipe 191-1 and the inlet portion of the low concentration exhaust gas outlet pipe 193. Both ends of the main electrode 191-2a are supported via a support body 194 suspended from the provided seal air introduction pipe portion 193-1.
- the discharge electrode 191-2 is supported at a desired interval by a stay insulated from the inside of the collection tube 191-1 as necessary. Further, the discharge electrode 191-2 is supplied with a controlled high voltage power source by being wired to a high voltage power source device (not shown) installed outside.
- the separation collection unit 192 provided on the downstream side of the tubular collection unit 191 in the flow direction of the exhaust gas is constituted by a cyclone collection unit 192-1 as a separation unit.
- the cyclone collecting means 192-1 is composed of one tangential cyclone 192-1a connected to the high concentration exhaust gas outlet 191-1b of the collection pipe 191-1 via a communication pipe 195-1. Further, between the tangential cyclone 192-1a and the low concentration exhaust gas outlet pipe 193, the purified gas after passing through the tangential cyclone 192-1a is joined to the low concentration exhaust gas flowing in the low concentration exhaust gas outlet pipe 193.
- a discharge pipe 196-1 is provided.
- the low-concentration exhaust gas outlet pipe 193 is provided with a flow control damper 197 for adjusting the flow rate of the high-concentration exhaust gas flow rate and flow rate into the tangential cyclone 192-1a and the low-concentration exhaust gas discharge rate.
- a diesel engine exhaust gas treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 30 includes a cyclone collecting means 202-1 and two tangential cyclones 202-1a.
- the exhaust gas treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 29 has the same configuration as that shown in FIG. 29, and is connected to the high concentration exhaust gas deriving unit 201-1b of the collection pipe 201-1 via communication pipes 205-1 and 205-2.
- the two tangential cyclones 202-1a are connected in parallel to form the cyclone collecting means 202-1.
- the purified gas after passing through each tangential cyclone 202-1a is supplied to each of the low-concentration exhaust gas discharge pipes.
- Discharge pipes 206-1 and 206-2 for merging with the low-concentration exhaust gas flowing in 203 are provided.
- the cyclone collecting means 202-1 includes a plurality of tangential cyclones having different throughputs, for example, a small throughput tangent cyclone 202-1b, a medium throughput tangential cyclone 202-1c, a large throughput tangent as shown in FIG.
- the communication pipes 208-1, 208-2, 208-3 connected to the high-concentration exhaust gas deriving section 201-1b of the collection pipe 201-1 in a radial position.
- the tangential cyclones 202-1b, 202-1c, and 202-1d are connected to each other through a high-concentration exhaust gas inlet of each of the communication pipes 208-1, 208-2, and 208-3. , 209-2, and 209-3.
- the cyclone collecting means when configured with multiple tangential cyclones with different processing capacities, it depends on the change in operating conditions and the load factor of the engine due to the parallel operation and independent operation of the main engine and auxiliary equipment in the marine engine.
- the tangential cyclone combined with the damper disposed in the low concentration exhaust gas outlet pipe 3
- By controlling the provided flow control dampers 209-1, 209-2, and 209-3 it becomes possible to more appropriately control the tangential speed of the exhaust gas flowing into each tangential cyclone, and the high collection efficiency is wide. It can be secured and maintained in the range of the load factor.
- the above-described conventional diesel engine exhaust gas purification device that electrically processes PM in the exhaust gas using corona discharge has the following drawbacks. That is, in the electric processing method and apparatus for exhaust gas of a diesel engine described in Patent Document 1, the electrode needle 124 in the discharge charging unit 122 is short in the flow direction of the exhaust gas flow and the collection plate 123 is exhausted. It is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the gas flow, and the exhaust gas flow is in direct contact with the collection plate 123, so that the flow resistance (pressure loss; pressure loss) is large, and the collection plate 123 is thin and exhausted.
- the collecting plate has a long tube shape in the flow direction of the exhaust gas flow, and an electrode needle is provided in the tube axis direction of the tubular collection portion, so that the PM particles flow in the flow of the exhaust gas flow. In addition to increasing the particle size of PM in the vicinity of the inner surface of the tubular collection part of the exhaust gas flow so that it can be easily collected by a cyclone.
- the exhaust PM collection device described in Patent Document 2 and the exhaust gas purification device described in Patent Document 3 set both voltages to appropriate conditions because the discharge voltage and the collection deflection voltage are the same potential.
- the collection electrode 132 is a tunnel-like electrode that serves as an exhaust passage, and the electrode assembly of the needle electrode 131 and the deflection electrode 136 is formed in the tunnel of the collection electrode 132.
- the shaft center is arranged in a substantially common manner, and a thick and long electrode assembly is inserted in almost the entire length of the tubular collecting portion to form a lattice shape.
- a thick and long electrode assembly is inserted in almost the entire length of the tubular collecting portion to form a lattice shape.
- a bar (scraping part) 144 is erected, and the bar 14 ”Is in contact with the inner surface of the large-diameter portion of the fixed cylindrical body 41.”
- “... diesel particulates are caused by corona discharge between the electrode rod 142 and the fixed cylindrical body 141...
- the charged diesel particulates are drawn by the electrostatic field and are deposited on the inner surface of the large diameter portion of the fixed cylindrical body 141.
- the bar 144 is fixed as the rotating cylindrical portion 146 rotates. Rotates at a low speed in contact with the inner surface of the large-diameter portion of the cylindrical body 141, and drops the diesel particulate layer deposited on the inner surface of the large-diameter portion.
- the tubular collection part is formed by being described, the thing described in Patent Document 3 is that the collection electrode has a fixed cylindrical part that is long in the flow direction of the exhaust gas flow ( Tubular) At the same time, it is a technique in which electrode needles are provided while maintaining an interval in the tube axis direction of the tubular collecting portion, PM is deposited while flowing in the flow direction of the exhaust gas flow, and the deposited PM particles are scraped off by a bar. It is a technology that is highly concerned that some of the PM particles that are scattered when dropped are discharged from the downstream exhaust pipe fitted in a large exhaust port provided in front of the collection box.
- the collecting plate has a tubular shape that is long in the flow direction of the exhaust gas flow.
- An electrode needle is provided in the direction of the tube axis of the tube, and the growth is caused by a jumping phenomenon that repeats deposition and separation while flowing PM particles in the flow direction of the exhaust gas flow.
- the vicinity of the inner surface of the tubular collection part of the exhaust gas flow The particle size of PM is coarsened so that it can be easily collected by a cyclone, the concentration of PM is increased, and the exhaust gas stream having a large particle size and concentrated at a high concentration is selectively selected.
- the PM particles collected on the dust collecting electrode 154 of the electric dust collecting unit 151 and the inner peripheral wall surface (collecting tube wall) of the cylindrical housing 156 are large. A mass is formed, and the PM mass is separated from the dust collecting electrode 154 and the collecting tube wall by a natural peeling or mechanical peeling mechanism and mixed in the cylindrical housing 156, and the separated and massed PM mass is discharged into the exhaust gas.
- the cyclone 152 is centrifuged and collected again in the hopper 163.
- the exhaust gas is exhausted into the cyclone 152 by the guide vane 161 provided in the cylindrical housing 156 and mixed with the total exhaust gas amount.
- a large cyclone 152 having a large guide vane 161 is inevitably required for centrifuging PM by flowing the entire amount of
- the collection plate has a long tubular shape in the flow direction of the exhaust gas flow, an electrode needle is provided in the tube axis direction of the tubular collection portion, and the PM particles are flowed in the exhaust gas flow. While flowing in the direction, the material is deposited near the inner surface of the tubular collecting part and collected by a cyclone.
- the technique described in Patent Document 4 is similar to the technique described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 in the exhaust gas.
- the particle size of the gas flow PM is coarsened so that it can be easily collected by a cyclone, and the concentration of PM in the vicinity of the inner surface of the tubular collection portion of the exhaust gas flow is increased.
- a tubular collection consisting of a discharge electrode and a dust collection electrode as well as a technical idea of selectively extracting only the flow in the vicinity of the inner surface of the tubular collection part of the exhaust gas flow concentrated to a high concentration and collecting it with a cyclone intensively.
- Tubular catches with short diameter in the axial direction and different diameters
- Technical idea to ensure the corona discharge on the total exhaust gas stream by combining multiple axially module does not disclose or suggest.
- the gas processing device described in Patent Document 5 is a small vehicle-mounted gas processing device, which is configured by disposing the charging aggregation unit 170 on the upstream side and the filter unit 180 on the downstream side.
- a gas inlet chamber 171c that divides the exhaust gas into a large number is provided in the agglomeration portion 170, a gas passage wall is formed of a cylindrical body 171f, and the cylindrical body 171f is exposed to the outside air so as to be a gas passage wall.
- 171f is a technology related to a device that forms a gas cooling part that cools a gas by natural convection and natural radiation by heat radiation, and then remixes the separated exhaust gas in a gas outlet chamber 171d, and flows out from the tubular collecting part.
- the gas processing apparatus described in Patent Document 5 is provided with a turbulent flow promoting means 171e for the gas flow on the inner surface of the cylindrical body 171f or in the vicinity of the inner surface, and in particular, the turbulent flow of gas near the surface of the cylindrical body.
- This has the disadvantage that the agitation action is promoted to increase the stirring action in the cross-sectional direction of the flow path.
- this Patent Document 5 provides an electrode needle in the tube-axis direction of this tubular collection part while making a collection wall into the tubular cylindrical body long in the flow direction of exhaust gas flow, PM
- this Patent Document 5 is also similar to Patent Documents 1 to 4 in that the PM of the exhaust gas flow is collected.
- the particle size of the exhaust gas is coarsened so as to be easily collected by a cyclone installed on the downstream side, and the concentration of PM in the vicinity of the inner surface of the tubular collection part of the exhaust gas flow is increased.
- the tubular structure comprising the discharge electrode and the dust collecting electrode is used.
- Tubular collection module with a short collecting part in the axial direction and different diameters
- the main parts of the tubular collecting portions 191 and 201 constituting the electrostatic dust collecting means of the gas treatment device described in Patent Document 6 are both single tubular structures having a substantially constant diameter.
- the present invention has been made in order to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and in particular, the diameter of the tubular collection module consisting of an electrode and a collection pipe is made different in the passage through which the total amount of exhaust gas flows, so that the diameter sequentially changes.
- a plurality of such tubular collection modules are installed, and the exhaust gas flows flowing through different radial positions must be allowed to pass through any of the tubular collection modules so that corona discharge is ensured and properly charged, thereby reliably collecting them.
- Collected by the collector electrode to form a lump, and repeats attachment and separation to form a larger and heavier lump, which ensures subsequent collection by a cyclone or a collision-type inertial force particle separator and cleans the exhaust gas.
- the changes in operating conditions and engine It is intended to provide a diesel engine exhaust gas treatment apparatus capable of corresponding to a significant increase or decrease of the exhaust gas flow rate due to a rate great variation of.
- the exhaust gas treatment apparatus for marine diesel engines using heavy oil includes a discharge electrode for charging particulate matter contained in the exhaust gas of a diesel engine using heavy oil, and a collector for collecting the charged particulate matter.
- a tubular collecting portion of a predetermined length constituting a dust electrode, and the discharge electrode is radially disposed in the tubular collecting portion with a main electrode disposed in a tube axis direction and spaced from the main electrode.
- An electric dust collecting means constituted by a plurality of protruding electrodes; and a dust collecting means for separating and collecting the particulate matter separated from the tubular collecting portion, and further a shaft on the downstream side of the tubular collecting portion
- a low-concentration exhaust gas outlet pipe for particulate matter is provided near the center, and a high-concentration exhaust gas outlet portion is provided near the inner peripheral surface on the downstream side of the tubular collection part.
- Dust collection means to collect In a diesel engine exhaust gas treatment apparatus using oil, one or a plurality of tubular collection modules that are short in the axial direction and have different diameters are arranged in combination in the tubular collection portion including the discharge electrode and the dust collection electrode. It is characterized by this.
- the tubular collecting portion is arranged such that the smallest diameter tubular collecting module is disposed upstream of the exhaust gas, and the large diameter tubular collecting module is sequentially disposed downstream.
- the diameter of the tubular collection part is gradually increased toward the downstream side of the exhaust gas, and the downstream side tubular tube adjacent to the exhaust gas upstream side tubular collection module and having a larger diameter than the upstream side tubular collection module. If a collection module is installed, The diameter of the discharge electrode of the side tubular collection module is set to a diameter equal to or smaller than the inner diameter of the dust collection electrode of the upstream side tubular collection module, adjacent to the exhaust gas upstream side tubular collection module, and the upstream side tubular collection module.
- a downstream tubular collection module having a larger diameter than the collection module is disposed, and when the diameter of the discharge electrode of the downstream tubular collection module is larger than the inner diameter of the dust collection electrode of the upstream tubular collection module, Disposing a transition diameter portion in which the diameter of the discharge electrode sequentially increases between each discharge electrode of the upstream tubular collection module and the downstream tubular collection module, between the diesel engine and the tubular collection portion
- a cylindrical wall surface having annular or spiral ridges and / or ridges, or a mesh-like through-hole such as expanded metal, and unevenness in the thickness direction are formed on the periphery of the through-hole.
- the present invention also provides that the discharge electrode is disposed in the tubular collection portion in the tube axis direction and the main electrode is spaced from the main electrode, the apex angle is approximately 20 °, and the shape is a substantially isosceles triangle.
- the saw blade-shaped discharge plate is disposed at a desired interval in the axial direction of the main electrode to constitute a saw blade-shaped discharge electrode group, and the saw blade-shaped discharge plate.
- a preferred embodiment is that a plurality of electrode groups are arranged radially in the circumferential direction of the main electrode.
- the discharge electrode includes a saw blade discharge electrode plate having a saw blade discharge plate portion integrally provided with a substrate portion extending in the axial direction of the main electrode, and the saw blade discharge electrode plate is It is a preferred embodiment that a plurality of protrusions are provided in the axial direction of the main electrode through the substrate portion, and a plurality of radial arrangements are provided in the circumferential direction of the main electrode. Further, the saw-tooth discharge electrode or the saw blade is disposed between the respective circumferential directions of the saw-tooth discharge electrode group and / or the saw-tooth discharge electrode plate disposed in the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the main electrode.
- At least one strip-shaped rectifying plate having a diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the discharge electrode plate is radially arranged along the axial direction of the main electrode. Furthermore, the present invention provides a plate-like long material extending in the tube axis direction for a stay for fixing the tubular collecting portion of the tubular collecting module to the main tubular collecting portion, and a plate made of the long material. It is preferable to arrange a plurality of shaped stays in the circumferential direction.
- the PM in the exhaust gas is collected on the tubular collection wall surface in the tubular collection part and becomes a lump shape, and this PM lump is a tubular collection wall surface.
- the PM is gradually concentrated near the tubular collecting wall surface while repeatedly adhering to and peeling from the tube, it flows downstream as an exhaust gas stream containing a high concentration of PM, and around the axial center of the tubular collecting portion.
- a discharge electrode and a dust collection electrode are combined in a short and concentric shape in the axial direction to form one tubular collection module, the diameter of this tubular module is the smallest diameter in the exhaust gas upstream, and the final stage is the largest diameter,
- Any tubular collection module can be used for exhaust gas flows flowing at different radial positions by increasing the diameter of the tubular collection module sequentially along the flow direction of the exhaust gas and arranging a plurality of modules (a minimum of two sets of modules). Always passes through the tubular collection module, so that the corona discharge is surely caused by the discharge electrode of the tubular collection module, and once deposited on the dust collection electrode of the tubular collection module, the deposition and peeling are prevented.
- the tubular collection module is installed in five stages by repeatedly passing it and repeating this according to the number of arrangement stages of the tubular collection module.
- Most of the PM particles contained in the exhaust gas stream flowing near the center are subjected to corona discharge five times, the exhaust gas stream flowing outside thereof is subjected to four corona discharges, and the exhaust gas stream flowing outside thereof is subjected to three corona discharges.
- the number of discharges and corona discharges decreases sequentially, even the exhaust gas flow that flows on the outermost periphery has received at least one corona discharge, and the corona discharge can be reliably and uniformly applied to all exhaust gas flows. Can be made. (2).
- the PM particle mass grown while repeatedly peeling and depositing the dust collecting electrode in the axial direction begins to peel off from the downstream end of the dust collecting electrode.
- the corona discharge is charged by the discharge electrode of the next tubular collection module and is charged, and it accumulates on the dust collection electrode of the next tubular collection module.
- corona discharge By disposing a discharge electrode in the space between the tubular collection part and the tubular collection module, corona discharge can be simultaneously generated for a plurality of flows at the same position in the exhaust gas flow direction.
- the PM particles are repeatedly deposited and peeled on the collecting surface, thereby reducing the size of the apparatus and improving the collection rate.
- a plurality of sets of concentric tubes are arranged concentrically with different diameters of the tubular collection module composed of the discharge electrode and the dust collection electrode, and the same position in the exhaust gas flow direction. Since the corona discharge can be simultaneously performed on the entire flow, PM particles of each flow are grown, and the apparatus can be reduced in size and the collection rate can be improved. (5).
- the exhaust gas flow The collection rate can be improved by lowering the flow rate to make the corona discharge to the PM particles (bulk) and the adhesion to the dust collecting electrode more reliable. (6).
- the diameter of the discharge electrode of the downstream tubular collection module is set.
- the diameter By setting the diameter to be equal to or smaller than the inner diameter of the dust collection electrode of the upstream side tubular collection module, the mass of PM particles peeled off from the downstream end of the dust collection electrode of the downstream side tubular collection module immediately becomes the next tubular shape.
- flowing (encountering) into the high potential tip of the discharge electrode of the collection module it is immediately corona discharged and immediately charged, and it is surely deposited on the dust collection electrode of the next tubular collection module. While growing repeatedly by peeling, it can flow downstream and improve the collection rate. (7).
- a downstream tubular collection module adjacent to the exhaust gas upstream tubular collection module and having a larger diameter than the upstream tubular collection module is disposed, and the diameter of the discharge electrode of the downstream tubular collection module is the upstream
- the diameter is larger than the inner diameter of the dust collection electrode of the side tubular collection module, a transition diameter portion where the diameter of the discharge electrode sequentially increases between each discharge electrode of the upstream side tubular collection module and the flow side tubular collection module. Even if it arrange
- the exhaust resistance can be reduced to improve the engine efficiency and the fuel consumption rate.
- the dust collecting electrode constituting the collecting wall surface By forming the dust collecting electrode constituting the collecting wall surface into a cylindrical shape with a plate having irregularities such as a corrugated plate, and forming the cylindrical wall surface with annular or spiral ridges and / or ridges, The flow of PM particles charged by corona discharge and riding on ion wind to the dust collection electrode is disturbed or stagnated near the cylindrical wall surface due to the presence of spiral ridges and / or ridges to improve the adhesion rate. Can be made. (10).
- the dust collecting electrode that constitutes the collecting wall surface in the collecting part other than the tubular collecting part in the final stage is a large number of through-holes such as expanded metal, punching metal, plain weave / twill wire mesh, wire net, etc.
- a plate or mesh having unevenness in the thickness direction at the periphery of the through-hole is formed into a cylindrical shape, and a large number of through-holes or mesh-like through-holes and a mesh-like through-hole having unevenness in the thickness direction at the periphery of the mesh-like through-hole
- a large number of penetrations are made on the inner wall surface of the cylindrical wall surface.
- Holes and mesh-like through-holes and mesh-like through-holes with unevenness in the thickness direction are provided at the periphery of the mesh-like through-holes, so that they are bounced off by the inner wall surface of the cylindrical wall surface in the axial direction of the cylindrical wall surface Prevent or reverse the phenomenon of backflow Without being generated, a part of the PM particles riding on the ionic wind from the through-hole can penetrate and merge with the flow flowing outside thereof, and the mass concentration of the PM particles in the flow can be made deeper, A flow having a higher PM particle concentration can be led to the high concentration gas deriving (discharging) section. (11).
- the fluid flow along the outer surface is called the “co-under effect”, but this phenomenon flows along the outer surface.), It flows out as a radially outward flow, and the axial direction of the collection tube (collection) Suppresses the flow in the direction away from the wall.
- C By providing a tapered enlarged diameter portion at the rear end of the collection tube, the accelerated gas flow flowing along the inner circumference of the inner collection tube is also flown radially outward by the Counder effect, as described above. It flows out and suppresses the flow to the collection tube axial direction.
- the central angle of the tapered enlarged portion at the rear end of the collecting tube is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 15 degrees. The reason is that if the angle is less than 5 degrees, the effect of suppressing the flow in the direction of the collecting tube axis is poor. On the other hand, if the angle exceeds 15 degrees, the resistance increases and the flow is disturbed. This is because it is feared that the collection rate and fuel consumption will be reduced. (12).
- a sub collection tube in which a member having a large number of through holes such as expanded metal, punching metal, plain weave / twill wire mesh, wire net, etc. is formed into a cylindrical shape is a collection tube (main collection tube)
- the PM particle mass charged by corona discharge and riding on the ionic wind reaches a large number of through-holes and is deposited on the surface of the sub-collector tube having a three-dimensional shape and a large surface area. After that, it grows and repeats deposition and separation on the inner wall of the sub-collection tube and the surface of the collection tube, and then flows to the downstream side.
- the gas is diverted to the high concentration discharge part and flows out to the introduction part to the tangential cyclone or the collision type inertial force particle separator, so that the collection rate can be improved.
- the sub-collection pipe and the tube wall are made of a member having a large number of through-holes such as expanded metal, punching metal, plain weave / twill wire mesh, wire net, etc.
- the discharge electrode By making the discharge electrode into a saw blade-shaped discharge plate having an apex angle of about 20 ° and a substantially isosceles triangle shape, the width of the root portion of the electrode (saw blade discharge plate) is particularly wide in the axial direction.
- the cross-sectional area is increased, the rigidity of the electrode is remarkably increased, the deformation resistance against vibration is increased, the durability is ensured and the discharge current can be increased, and the effective electric field strength is increased.
- the particles are positively charged and collected with Coulomb force.
- the discharge electrode is composed of a saw blade discharge electrode plate in which a saw blade discharge portion is provided integrally with a substrate portion extending in the axial direction of the electrode rod (main electrode), and projects into the electrode rod through the substrate portion.
- the area contacting the exhaust gas flow electrode flowing at high speed can be further increased and the area that can pass between the electrodes of the exhaust gas flow can be further reduced.
- the flow abuts more on the discharge plate and the flow direction is deflected in the axial direction along with the wraparound to the back of the discharge plate, and the kinetic energy is further attenuated and the flow is decelerated. Collected with Coulomb force. (16).
- the saw-blade discharge electrode or the saw-blade discharge electrode By disposing the strip-shaped rectifying plate having a diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the plate radially along the axial direction of the main electrode, the exhaust gas flow passing between the saw-tooth electrodes is positively brought into contact with the exhaust gas flow. Since the kinetic energy of the gas flow can be further attenuated and the flow can be further decelerated, the particles in the exhaust gas are reliably charged to obtain a large Coulomb force, and the collection rate can be further improved. . (17).
- a stay for fixing the tubular collecting portions (collecting tubes having different diameters, small, medium, and large) of the upstream tubular collecting module and the downstream tubular collecting module to the main tubular collecting portion is extended in the tube axis direction.
- the exhaust gas flow flowing between the collection pipes is made into a plate-like long material made of the long material.
- Each tubular collection part (collection pipes with different diameters, small, medium, and large) and the main tubular collection part (collection) can be positively brought into contact with the stay and rectify as a current plate of the stay.
- the flow between the exhaust pipe and the exhaust pipe is restrained from swirling, increasing the axial flow component and decelerating the exhaust gas flow into the large collection pipe in the latter stage. It is mixed with many pre-decelerated axial flows and the particles are more reliably charged to obtain a large Coulomb force. And next, it is possible to further improve the collection rate.
- FIG. 1st Example apparatus of this invention It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the whole structure of the 1st Example apparatus of this invention. It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view which expands and shows the principal part of the 1st Example apparatus shown in FIG. It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view which expands and shows the principal part of 2nd Example apparatus of this invention. It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view which expands and shows the principal part of the 3rd Example apparatus of this invention. It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view which expands and shows the principal part of the 4th Example apparatus of this invention. It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view which expands and shows the principal part of the 5th Example apparatus of this invention.
- FIG. 28 is a partially enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the diesel engine exhaust gas treatment device shown in FIG. 27. It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows an example of the conventional diesel engine exhaust gas processing apparatus. It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows an example of the conventional diesel engine exhaust gas processing apparatus. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically the other example of the cyclone collection means in the conventional diesel engine exhaust gas processing apparatus shown in FIG. 29, FIG.
- the apparatus of the first to thirteenth embodiments of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 22 exemplifies a reflux system using a cyclone having a multi-stage tubular collecting module.
- the tubular collecting module is tubular.
- a description will be given by taking an example of a reflux system using a cyclone that is a three-stage type of a small-diameter collecting part, a medium-diameter collecting part, and a large-diameter collecting part from the upstream side of the collecting part.
- a recirculation type diesel engine exhaust gas treatment apparatus using a cyclone will be described.
- a high-concentration exhaust gas deriving unit is provided with a cyclone collecting means composed of a tangential cyclone on the pipe from the high-concentration exhaust gas deriving unit for particulate matter provided near the inner surface of the downstream side of the tubular collecting unit of the diesel engine exhaust gas treatment device.
- the tangential cyclone In addition to introducing a high-concentration exhaust gas stream discharged from the tangential cyclone to collect and treat large-diameter particles, the tangential cyclone After collecting large-diameter particles in a collision-type inertial force particle separation type collecting part, a flow containing fine particles that could not be removed was given kinetic energy with a blower, and the pressure was increased and increased by a reflux pipe. It is configured to pump and recirculate to the introduction pipe (exhaust pipe), and a large amount of exhaust gas flows at high speed especially when the engine is under high load, so that the flow rate is reduced to ensure charging of the PM.
- a tapered pipe (reducer) is provided between the introduction pipe (exhaust pipe) and the collecting pipe having a large diameter.
- a recirculation type diesel engine exhaust gas treatment apparatus using a cyclone is roughly provided to collect PM particles. Consists of an electrostatic precipitator 1 and a cyclone separation and collection means 2. The precipitator 1 is charged to a predetermined length of the collecting tube 1-1 constituting the dust collecting electrode and PM contained in the exhaust gas. The discharge electrode 1-2 is provided.
- the collection pipe 1-1 constituting the dust collection electrode has an exhaust gas introduction pipe (exhaust pipe) 1-1a at the end on the upstream side (diesel engine side), and near the axial center of the downstream end.
- the discharge electrode 1-2 includes an electrode rod (main electrode) 1-2a extending substantially over the entire length of the axial center of the collection tube 1-1 having a predetermined length constituting the dust collection electrode, and the electrode rod 1-2a. And a group of electrode needles 1-2b radially projecting at a desired interval in the longitudinal direction.
- the discharge electrode 1-2 configured as described above includes a seal air introduction pipe part 1-1c provided on the exhaust gas introduction pipe part 1-1a side of the collection pipe 1-1, and an inlet portion of the low concentration exhaust gas discharge pipe 3. Both ends of the main electrode 1-2a are supported through a support body 4 suspended from a seal air introduction pipe section 3-1.
- a cyclone type separation / collection means 2 provided between the downstream side and the upstream side of the electric dust collection part 1 in the flow direction of the exhaust gas includes a cyclone collection part 2-1 as a separation means, and a cyclone collection unit. And a reflux pipe 2-2 from the section 2-1.
- This cyclone collecting part 2-1 is connected to a high concentration exhaust gas deriving part 1-1b provided near the inner circumference of the downstream side of the collection pipe 1-1 of the electric dust collecting part 1, and a communication pipe 5-1 and a high concentration exhaust gas.
- a reflux pipe 2-2 and a communication pipe 5-3 for joining the purified gas after passing through the tangential cyclone 2-1a to the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas introduction pipe 1-1a are arranged.
- the blower 7 is provided in a high concentration exhaust gas pipe 5-2 between the communication pipe 5-1 and the tangential cyclone 2-1a.
- This blower 7 gives kinetic energy to the exhaust gas flow to increase the pressure and speed to improve the collection rate of the tangential cyclone 2-1a and remove fine particles that could not be removed by the tangential cyclone 2-1a.
- the exhaust gas flow is provided for reliably pumping and refluxing the exhaust gas stream contained therein to the exhaust gas introduction pipe 1-1a via the reflux pipe 2-2.
- a high gas jet nozzle is provided to jet high-pressure gas (usually compressed air) into the exhaust gas flow.
- kinetic energy may be imparted.
- the low-concentration exhaust gas outlet pipe 3 is provided with a damper 8 for adjusting the flow rate of the high-concentration exhaust gas flow rate and flow rate into the tangential cyclone 2-1a and the low-concentration exhaust gas discharge rate.
- the recirculation type diesel engine exhaust gas treatment apparatus using a cyclone in which the tubular collection module of the present invention is a three-stage type is constructed by combining a discharge electrode and a dust collection electrode in the axial direction.
- the first, second, and third-stage tubular collection modules are configured by sequentially arranging three tubular collection modules having different diameters from the middle, from the upstream side to the downstream side. Are a small diameter, a medium diameter and a large diameter, respectively. That is, the first-stage small-diameter tubular collecting module on the most upstream side fixes the small-diameter collecting tube 11-1A-1 as the dust collecting electrode to the collecting tube 1-1 with the stay 11-1A-S.
- the radial first stage discharge electrode 11-A-2 having a space suitable for corona discharge held between it and the small-diameter collecting tube 11-1A-1 is formed as one common electrode rod 1-2a.
- the small-diameter collecting section 11-1A is fixed and built in, and then the second-stage medium-diameter tubular collecting module has the medium-diameter collecting pipe 11-1B-1, which is a dust collecting electrode, connected to the stay 11-
- a radial second-stage discharge electrode 11-1B fixed to the collection tube 1-1 with 1B-S and holding an interval suitable for corona discharge between it and the medium-diameter collection tube 11-1B-1 -2 is a medium-diameter collecting portion 11-1B fixed to the common electrode rod 1-2a, and the third-stage maximum diameter tube on the most downstream side.
- the collection module uses a large-diameter collection tube 11-1C-1 common to the collection tube 1-1, which is a dust collecting electrode, as a collection tube, and a large-diameter collection tube 11 having an interval suitable for corona discharge therein.
- the radial third-stage discharge electrode 11-1C-2 held between -1C-1 and the common electrode rod 1-2a is fixed to the large-diameter collecting portion 11-1C.
- the outer diameter of the discharge electrode 11-1B-2 of the medium-diameter collecting portion 11-1B is the same as the inner diameter of the small-diameter collecting tube 11-1A-1, or the small-diameter collecting tube 11-1A-1
- the inner diameter of the discharge electrode 11-A-2 of the small-diameter collecting portion 11-1A can be made larger than the inner diameter of the small-diameter collecting portion 11-1A.
- the outer diameter of the discharge electrode 11-1B-2 of the medium diameter collecting portion 11-1B may be larger than the inner diameter of the small diameter collecting tube 11-1A-1, and in this case, the small diameter collecting portion A transition diameter portion W1 is provided in which the outer diameter of the discharge electrode 11-A-2 on the 11-1A side is gradually larger than the outer diameter of the discharge electrode 11-A-2 of the small diameter collecting portion 11-1A.
- the transition diameter portion W1 may be employed when the diameter is the same as the inner diameter of the small diameter collecting tube 11-1A-1 or smaller than the inner diameter of the small diameter collecting tube 11-1A-1.
- the outer diameter of the discharge electrode 11-1C-2 of the large-diameter collecting portion 11-1C is the same as the inner diameter of the medium-diameter collecting tube 11-1B-1, or the medium-diameter collecting tube 11-1B-1 Is smaller than the inner diameter and larger than the outer diameter of the discharge electrode 11-1B-2 of the medium-diameter collecting portion 11-1B.
- the outer diameter of the discharge electrode 11-1C-2 of the large-diameter collecting portion 11-1C may be larger than the inner diameter of the medium-diameter collecting tube 11-1B-1, and in this case, A transition diameter portion W2 is provided in which the outer diameter of the discharge electrode on the collecting portion 11-1B side is gradually larger than the outer diameter of the discharge electrode 11-1B-2 of the medium diameter collecting portion 11-1B.
- the transition diameter portion W2 may be employed when the diameter is the same as the inner diameter of the medium diameter collecting tube 11-1B-1 or smaller than the inner diameter of the medium diameter collecting tube 11-1B-1. Further, as shown in FIG.
- the uppermost exhaust gas flow has a mesh-like charged counter electrode 12 and a lattice shape so that all the PM fine particles can be charged once by corona discharge with respect to the entire exhaust gas flow.
- a charge discharge electrode 13 in which discharge electrode needles 13-1 are arranged concentrically is provided.
- the medium-diameter collecting part 11-1B a flow containing a large amount of PM particles flowing out from the small-diameter collecting part 11-1A, and between the medium-diameter collecting part 11-1B and the small-diameter collecting part 11-1A, The exhaust gas flow located at the diameter merges.
- the exhaust gas flow that flows together and flows through the medium-diameter collecting tube 11-1B-1 is charged by the corona discharge by the discharge electrode 11-1B-2 of the medium-diameter collecting part 11-1B, and is collected by the medium-diameter collecting part.
- the exhaust gas flows located at a diameter between The exhaust gas flow that flows into the large-diameter collecting tube 11-1C-1 by merging the PM particles is charged by corona discharge by the discharge electrode 11-1C-2 of the large-diameter collecting portion 11-1C and becomes large. It adheres to the dust collection electrode of the diameter collection part, and then repeats adhesion and separation, and the PM particle mass concentration further increases in the flow near the dust collection electrode and flows downstream to the high concentration gas lead-out (discharge) part. Then, it passes through the branch flow path and is led out to the cyclone collecting part 2-1 composed of a tangential cyclone (or a collision type inertial force particle separator).
- the dust collecting electrode constituting the collecting wall surface may be formed of a cylindrical wall surface having annular or spiral ridges and / or ridges by forming a corrugated plate such as a corrugated plate into a cylindrical shape. it can.
- a corrugated plate such as a corrugated plate into a cylindrical shape. It can.
- the dust collecting electrode that constitutes the collecting wall surface in the collecting part other than the tubular collecting part in the final stage is a large number of through holes such as expanded metal, punching metal, plain weave / twill wire mesh, wire net, and mesh-like through holes. It is good to comprise by the cylindrical wall surface which has the mesh-shaped through-hole which has the unevenness
- the cylindrical wall surface As a collecting wall surface for PM particles charged by corona discharge and riding on the ion wind
- the inner wall surface of the cylindrical wall surface is provided with a number of through-holes or mesh-like through-holes and a mesh-like through-hole having unevenness in the thickness direction at the periphery of the mesh-like through-hole, This prevents the phenomenon of rebounding from the inner wall surface of the cylindrical wall surface and returning to the axial direction of the cylindrical wall surface to prevent or hardly occur, so that some of the PM particles riding on the ion wind penetrate through the through hole.
- the PM particles lump concentration in the flow flowing outside can be increased by joining the flow flowing outside, and the flow having a higher PM particle concentration is derived to the high concentration gas extraction (discharge) section. be able to.
- the small-diameter collection pipe 11-1A-1 According to the recirculation type diesel engine exhaust gas treatment apparatus having the above-described configuration using the three-stage cyclone of the tubular collection module of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the small-diameter collection pipe 11-1A-1, The exhaust gas flow is rectified by the presence of the medium-diameter collection tube 11-1B-1 and the large-diameter collection tube 1-1C-1, and all PM particles in the entire flow are uniformly charged and agglomerated for concentration and separation. Is realized.
- the electrode rod diameter of one common electrode rod 1-2a is set so that the small diameter collecting portion 11-1A ⁇ the medium diameter collecting portion 11-1B ⁇ the large diameter collecting portion. Section 11-1C, and between the small diameter collection section 11-1A and the medium diameter collection section 11-1B, and between the medium diameter collection section 11-1B and the large diameter collection section 11-1C, respectively.
- the exhaust gas flow direction length positions of the small-diameter collecting pipe 11-1A-1 and the medium-diameter collecting pipe 11-1B-1 are partly wrapped at the end portions thereof, so that the small diameter at the lap position is obtained.
- the stays 11-1A-S and 11-1B-S for fixing the collection tube 11-1A-1 and the medium-diameter collection tube 11-1B-1 can be shared at the same position.
- the third embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 4 is the same as the second embodiment shown in FIG. 3 in the apparatus employing the electrode rod having the gradually increased diameter portion in the axial direction.
- 1A small-diameter collection tube 11-1A-1 and a collection tube 1-1 are arranged with an electrode cylinder having a discharge electrode 11-1A-3 attached by an electrode stay 11-1A-5 It is.
- the discharge electrode 11-1A-3 is an electrode in which the discharge electrode 11-1A-3 is attached between the small diameter collecting tube 11-1A-1 and the collecting tube 1-1 of the small diameter collecting portion 11-1A.
- the cylinder 11-1A-4 is supported by electrode stays 11-1A-S1 arranged radially.
- the PM particles in the exhaust gas flow flowing in the small-diameter collecting tube 11-1A-1 are charged by corona discharge by the discharge electrode of the small-diameter collecting portion 11-1A. Then, it adheres to the dust collecting electrode of the small-diameter collecting part, and then repeats attachment and separation to increase the PM particle mass concentration in the flow in the vicinity of the dust collecting electrode and flow downstream to generate the medium-diameter collecting part 11- It flows out to 1B.
- the PM particles in the exhaust gas flow that flows outside the small-diameter collecting tube 11-1A-1 are charged by corona discharge by the discharge electrode 11-1A-3 attached to the electrode cylinder 11-1A-4 and collected by the small-diameter collecting.
- the outer surface of the small diameter collecting tube 11-1A-1 of the section 11-1A is repeatedly attached, deposited, and peeled, and flows out through the small diameter collecting tube 11-1A-1 to increase the concentration of PM particles. It merges with the flow that has flowed out and flows out to the medium diameter collecting part 11-1B side.
- the PM particles in the flow that flows outside the electrode cylinder 11-1A-4 of the exhaust gas flow that flows outside the small-diameter collecting tube 11-1A-1 are arranged outside the electrode cylinder 11-1A-4.
- the medium-diameter collecting tube 11 is charged by corona discharge by the discharge electrode and repeatedly flows out of the inner surface of the large-diameter collecting tube (collecting tube) 1-1 of the small-diameter collecting portion 11-1A.
- -1B-1 flows out, flows through the medium-diameter collection tube 11-1B-1 and increases the PM particle mass concentration, and flows out to the large-diameter collection unit 11-1C side To do.
- the flow that flows through the small-diameter collecting tube 11-1A-1 and increases the PM particle mass concentration and the small-diameter collecting tube 11-1A-1 The flow that flows inside the electrode cylinder 11-1A-4 on the outside and increases the mass concentration of PM particles and flows out is charged by corona discharge by the discharge electrode of the medium diameter collecting portion 11-1B. Then, it adheres to the dust collecting electrode of the medium-diameter collecting portion 11-1B, and then repeatedly adheres and peels off, and then increases the PM particle mass concentration in the flow near the dust collecting electrode and flows downstream to collect the large-diameter collection. It flows out to the section 11-1C.
- the large-diameter collecting section 11-1C flows that flow through the inside and outside of the medium-diameter collecting pipe 11-1B-1 and increase the concentration of PM particles are combined.
- the exhaust gas flow that flows together and flows in the large-diameter collecting tube 11-1C-1 is charged by corona discharge by the discharge electrode of the large-diameter collecting portion 11-1C, and is collected by the large-diameter collecting portion 11-1C.
- the PM particle mass concentration is further increased in the flow near the dust collection electrode and flows downstream to reach the high concentration gas lead-out (discharge) section. Then, it is led to a tangential cyclone 2-1a (or a collision type inertial force particle separator).
- the apparatus of the fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 5 has a configuration in which the above-described tubular collection modules are arranged in six groups. That is, by sequentially arranging collection tubes having different diameters from a small diameter to a large diameter, a tubular collection module having a different diameter from the exhaust gas introduction side to the discharge side is arranged as the first-stage tubular collection module on the most upstream side. The diameter is the smallest, and the diameter of the sixth-stage tubular collection module on the most downstream side is sequentially increased as the maximum collection pipe diameter. Is the first collecting tube 21-1A-1 with the smallest diameter, the second collecting portion 21-1B is the second collecting tube 21-1B-1, and the third collecting portion 21-1C is the third collecting tube.
- the fourth collection portion 21-1D is the fourth collection tube 21-1D-1
- the fifth collection portion 21-1E is the fifth collection tube 21-1E-1
- the sixth collection portion 21-1F is configured by the sixth collection tube 21-1F-1 having the maximum diameter.
- concentration state of the PM particle lump by corona discharge, adhesion / deposition, separation and merging in each collection part is the same as in each of the above embodiments.
- the fifth embodiment apparatus of the present invention shown in FIG. 6 is substantially the same as the fourth embodiment apparatus in which the tubular collection modules shown in FIG. Specifically, the first collection pipe 21-1A-1, the second collection pipe 21-1B-1, the third collection pipe 21-1C-1, The collection tubes having different lengths are arranged so that the upstream end portions of the fourth collection tube 21-1D-1 and the fifth collection tube 21-1E-1 are substantially at the same position. .
- the exhaust gas flow is rectified, and the disturbance of the entire flow is reduced, so that it is uniformly charged and agglomerated and attached. Separation is realized and concentration is promoted.
- the concentration state of the PM particle lump by corona discharge, adhesion / deposition, separation and merging in each collecting portion is the same as in each of the above embodiments.
- the sixth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 7 is the same as the first embodiment of the first collecting section 21-1A in the fourth embodiment of the apparatus in which the tubular collection modules shown in FIG.
- two collection tubes 21-1A-2a and 21-1A-2b having two different diameters are provided between the collection tube 21-1A-1 and the collection tube 1-1 (large diameter collection tube).
- the discharge electrodes 21-1A-3a and 21-1A-3b are connected to the second collection tube 21-1B-1 and the collection tube 1-1 (large diameter collection tube) of the second collection unit 21-1B.
- one collection tube 21-1B-2 and two discharge electrodes 21-1B-3a, 21-1B-3b are connected to the third collection tube 21-1C- of the third collection unit 21-1C.
- the seventh embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 8 has the same construction as that of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, but has four sets of tubular collection modules, and a collection tube ( The outer diameter of the main collection tube) is sequentially increased and arranged, and specifically, the first-stage small-diameter collection tube 31- provided in the collection tube section 31-1 having the same diameter is used.
- 1A-1 small-diameter collecting portion 31-1A, and medium-diameter collecting portion comprising a second-stage medium-diameter collecting tube 31-1B-1 provided in the same-diameter collecting tube portion 31-1.
- the apparatus of the eighth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 9 is an apparatus that employs an electrode rod having a gradually increased diameter portion in the axial direction shown in FIGS. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, and has a tubular catch.
- the collection module consists of three sets, and the upstream side of the collection tube is partially enlarged, and the small-diameter collection part and the large-diameter collection part are arranged concentrically in this part.
- the large-diameter collection tube 41-1B-1 and the discharge electrodes 41-1A-2, 41 are disposed between the small-diameter collection tube 41-1A-1 of the section 41-1A and the expanded collection tube 41-1.
- -1B-2 is arranged as a large-diameter collecting portion 41-1B, and the medium-diameter collecting portion is placed in the normal collecting pipe portion downstream of the small-diameter collecting portion 41-1A and the large-diameter collecting portion 41-1B.
- a medium-diameter collecting part 41-1C composed of a tube 41-1C-1 and a normal collecting part 41-1D are sequentially arranged.
- 41-1A-3 and 41-1B-3 are electrode cylinders.
- the PM particles in the exhaust gas flow flowing in the small-diameter collecting tube 41-1A-1 are charged by corona discharge by the discharge electrode of the small-diameter collecting portion 41-1A, and the small-diameter collecting device. After adhering to the dust collecting electrode of the collecting part 41-1A and then repeatedly adhering and peeling, the PM particle mass concentration is increased in the flow near the dust collecting electrode and flows downstream to the medium diameter collecting part 41-1C. leak. Further, since the small-diameter collecting part 41-1A and the large-diameter collecting part 41-1B are concentrically arranged in the upstream diameter-enlarged collecting pipe part, all particles of the PM particles in the exhaust gas are surely provided.
- a high collection rate is obtained in combination with the subsequent presence of the medium diameter collection part 41-1C and the normal collection part 41-1D.
- the exhaust gas flow that flows outside the small-diameter collecting tube 41-1A-1, the corona discharge in the medium-diameter collecting tube 41-1C-1 and the large-diameter collecting unit 41-1B, and the concentration of PM particle masses is the same as in the third embodiment apparatus.
- the ninth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 10 specifies the cross-sectional shape of the collecting tube and the lapping allowance in each of the above embodiments, and in a configuration in which a plurality of collecting tubes are arranged in a wrapping manner, Bell mouths 61-1A, 61-2A, 61-3A are attached to the front ends of the collecting tubes 61-1, 61-2, 61-3, and tapered enlarged portions 61-1B, 61-2B, 61- are attached to the rear ends. 3B is provided.
- the central half angle ⁇ of each of the taper enlarged portions 61-1B, 61-2B, 61-3B is preferably 5 to 10 degrees.
- the bell mouth 61-1A at the tip of each collection tube, 61-2A and 61-3A allow the exhaust gas flow to surely flow between the collection pipes to increase the amount of exhaust gas and increase the speed, and then increase the taper diameter portions 61-1B and 61-2B at the rear end. 61-3B, the accelerated gas flow that flows along the outer periphery of the inner collection tube flows along the outer surface of the tapered enlarged portion and flows out as a radially outward flow.
- the collecting tube of the present invention shown in FIG. 11 has a large number of radially extending materials such as expanded metal, punched metal, plain weave / twilled wire mesh, wire net, etc. on the inner peripheral wall of a tube main body 70 made of a normal cylindrical tube or corrugated tube.
- a sub-collecting tube 70-1 formed by molding a member having a through hole into a cylindrical shape is attached in an electrically conductive state via a tube main body 70 and a conductive stay 70-2.
- 70-3 is an electrode rod
- 70-4 is a discharge electrode.
- the PM particles charged by corona discharge and riding on the ion wind reach a large number of through holes 70-1-A of the sub collection tube 70-1, and are three-dimensional. It is shaped and accumulates on the surface of the sub-collection tube 70-1, which has a large surface area, and then grows and repeats deposition and separation on the inner wall of the collection tube and the surface of the collection tube to form a lump downstream. The flow finally accumulates and separates in the tubular collecting section at the final stage, is separated into the high concentration discharge section, and flows out to the introduction section to the tangential cyclone or the collision type inertial particle separator.
- the tube body 70 is formed of a member having a large number of through-holes 70-A such as expanded metal, punching metal, plain weave / twill wire mesh, wire net, etc., it is charged by corona discharge.
- the PM particles riding on the ionic wind pass through the large number of through holes 70-A and reach the tube main body 70, and the through holes 70-A are provided on the wall surface of the tube main body.
- Part of the PM particles riding on the ionic wind penetrates from 70-A and merges with the flow flowing outside thereof, and is returned to the axial direction of the tube main body so as to be bounced back and folded by the inner wall surface of the tube main body. Therefore, in a collecting part other than the tubular collecting part at the final stage, it is preferable to use this cylinder and the sub-collecting pipe in combination.
- the apparatus of the tenth to thirteenth embodiments of the present invention shown in FIGS. 12 to 22 includes the structure of the discharge electrode and the small, medium and large diameter collecting tubes in the apparatuses of the first to ninth embodiments.
- the structure of the stay for fixing the sword to the main collecting pipe is specified, and the case where it is applied to the second embodiment apparatus shown in FIG. 3 will be described as an example.
- the discharge electrode 1-2 in the first to ninth embodiments is composed of an electrode rod (main electrode) 1-2a and radially projecting electrodes disposed at desired intervals in the axial direction of the electrode rod.
- the electrode needle 1-2b is a thin needle-like one, it is difficult to sufficiently secure the deformation strength of the electrode needle 1-2b against vibration or the like.
- the electrode needle 1-2b since the electrode needle 1-2b has a thin needle shape from the root and has a constant cross-sectional area, it is difficult to cope with a large discharge current, and the swirling flow of gas passing between the electrode needles 1-2b. Since the contact between the electrode needle 1-2b and the electrode needle 1-2b is not sufficiently obtained, further improvement in the collection rate of the particles cannot be expected.
- the apparatus of the embodiment specifies the structure of the discharge electrode and the stay.
- the apparatus of the tenth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 12 to 14 is a saw blade-like discharge plate 1-2c having a substantially isosceles triangle for the electrode needle of the discharge electrode in the second embodiment apparatus shown in FIG. It is composed. That is, the apparatus of the tenth embodiment of the present invention reduces the electrode rod diameter of one common electrode rod 1-2a to the small-diameter collecting portion 11-1A ⁇ medium in order to increase the rigidity of the electrode rod and improve the earthquake resistance.
- the diameter collecting section 11-1B ⁇ the large diameter collecting section 11-1C, and between the small diameter collecting section 11-1A and the medium diameter collecting section 11-1B, and between the medium diameter collecting section 11-1B and the large diameter collecting section 11-1B.
- the gradually increasing diameter portions 1-2a-1 and 1-2a-2 are provided between the collecting portion 11-1C and the small diameter collecting tube 11-1A-1 and the medium diameter collecting tube, respectively.
- 11-1B-1 is partially wrapped at its end in the exhaust gas flow direction, so that the small-diameter collection tube 11-1A-1 and the medium-diameter collection tube 11-1B-1 at the lap position
- the discharge electrode is configured by adopting a discharge plate 1-2c in the shape of a tube.
- the apparatus according to the present embodiment has the saw blade discharge electrode group 1-2c- formed by arranging the saw blade discharge plate 1-2c at a desired interval in the axial direction of the electrode rod 1-2a.
- a plurality of Nos. 1 are arranged radially at a desired interval in the circumferential direction of the electrode rod 1-2a to form a discharge electrode.
- the radial protrusion length H of the sawtooth discharge plate 1-2c is determined by the discharge voltage, discharge current, flow range of the exhaust gas flow, distance from the collection wall, small diameter collection portion 11-1A, medium diameter.
- the axial width T and the interval t of the base portion of the discharge plate 1-2c are also determined by the discharge voltage, The length is set as appropriate according to the discharge current, the axial length of the small diameter collecting portion 11-1A, the medium diameter collecting portion 11-1B, the large diameter collecting portion 11-1C, and the like.
- the width of the base portion of the discharge plate 1-2c is particularly the electrode rod 1-2a.
- the rigidity of the discharge plate 1-2c is remarkably increased, the deformation strength against vibration and the like is increased, the durability is ensured, and the discharge current can be increased, and the effective electric field is increased. The strength is increased, and the particles are reliably charged to obtain the Coulomb force and are reliably collected on the collection wall.
- the area where the exhaust gas flow flowing at high speed abuts can be increased, and the space between the discharge plates through which the exhaust gas flow passes can be reduced.
- the gas flow direction is deflected in the axial direction and the energy is attenuated to reduce the gas flow.
- the particles are reliably charged and collected with Coulomb force.
- a saw blade-like discharge plate portion (mountain portion) 1-2e is provided as an electrode rod.
- a saw blade-shaped discharge electrode plate 1-2d provided integrally with a substrate portion 1-2f extending in the axial direction of 1-2a is employed, and protrudes from the electrode rod 1-2a via the substrate portion 1-2f.
- a discharge electrode provided and configured is employed. That is, the apparatus according to the present embodiment has a saw blade discharge electrode group 1-2d- formed by arranging the saw blade discharge plate portion 1-2e at a desired interval in the axial direction of the electrode rod 1-2a. A plurality of Nos.
- the radial protrusion length H ′ of the sawtooth discharge electrode plate 1-2d having the substrate portion 1-2f and the radial protrusion length h of the sawtooth discharge plate portion 1-2e are defined as the discharge voltage, the discharge Current, flow range of exhaust gas flow, distance to collection wall, small diameter collection part 11-1A, medium diameter collection part 11-1B, large diameter collection part 11-1C
- the axial width T ′ and interval t ′ of the base of the saw-toothed discharge plate portion 1-2e are set to the discharge voltage, discharge current, small diameter collecting portion 11-1A, and medium diameter collecting portion 11-1B.
- the number of saw-toothed discharge electrode plates 1-2d is appropriately set according to the length, outer diameter, etc. of the electrode rod 1-2a. .
- the discharge electrode has a saw blade-like discharge plate portion 1-2e provided integrally with a substrate portion 1-2f extending in the axial direction of the electrode rod 1-2a. Since the discharge electrode plate 1-2d is configured to protrude from the electrode rod 1-2a through the substrate portion 1-2f, the width of the base portion of the discharge plate portion 1-2e is particularly large. By widening in the axial direction of 1-2a, the rigidity of the discharge plate portion 1-2e is remarkably high (particularly conspicuous when integrated with the substrate portion 1-2f), and the deformation strength against vibration and the like is increased, resulting in durability.
- the effective electric field strength is increased by increasing the discharge current, and the particles are reliably charged and can obtain the Coulomb force.
- the area of contact with the discharge electrode of the flowing exhaust gas flow increases further, Since the area through which the gas gas flow can pass between the saw blade-shaped discharge electrode plates 1-2d can be further reduced, a high-speed exhaust gas flow comes into contact with the saw blade-shaped discharge electrode plate 1-2d more and the saw blades.
- the flow direction is deflected in the axial direction as it wraps around the back side of the discharge electrode plate, and the energy is further attenuated and the flow is decelerated, so that the particles are more reliably charged and collected with a large Coulomb force.
- the twelfth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 18 to 20 is a saw-tooth discharge electrode plate 1 for further improving the collection rate of particles in exhaust gas in the discharge electrode of the eleventh embodiment.
- ⁇ 2d is provided with a band-shaped rectifying plate 1-2g, and the structure thereof is similar to that of the eleventh embodiment device in that a saw blade-like discharge plate portion (mountain portion) 1-2e is connected to an electrode rod 1-2a.
- a saw blade-shaped discharge electrode plate 1-2d provided integrally with the substrate portion 1-2f extending in the axial direction of the electrode protrudes from the electrode rod 1-2a via the substrate portion 1-2f.
- a strip-shaped rectifying plate 1-2g having a diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the saw-toothed discharge electrode plate is radially disposed along the axial direction of the electrode rod 1-2a between each circumferential direction of the electrode-like discharge electrode plate 1-2d.
- the discharge electrode configured as described above is employed. That is, the apparatus according to the present embodiment has a saw blade discharge electrode group 1-2d- formed by arranging the saw blade discharge plate portion 1-2e at a desired interval in the axial direction of the electrode rod 1-2a. 1 are arranged radially at a desired interval in the circumferential direction of the electrode rod 1-2a, and the saw-tooth discharge electrode plate 1-2d is interposed between the saw-tooth discharge electrode plates 1-2d.
- Discharge electrode constructed by arranging strip-shaped rectifying plates 1-2g having a projecting length smaller than the outer diameter (the projecting length in the radial direction of the electrode rod 1-2a) radially along the axial direction of the electrode rod 1-2a Is adopted.
- the diameter is appropriately set according to the diameter of each collecting portion of the portion 11-1C, the outer diameter of the electrode rod 1-2a, and the like.
- the strip-shaped rectifying plate 1 having a diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the saw-tooth discharge electrode plate 1-2d is disposed between the respective circumferential directions of the saw-tooth discharge electrode plate 1-2d.
- -2g are arranged radially along the axial direction of the electrode rod 1-2a, so that the same effect as the apparatus of the eleventh embodiment, that is, the durability of the saw-tooth discharge electrode plate 1-2d is ensured.
- the exhaust gas flow passing between the saw-tooth discharge electrode plates 1-2d is positively applied.
- the energy of the exhaust gas flow can be further attenuated by the contact, and the flow can be further decelerated, the particles in the exhaust gas can be charged more reliably and a large Coulomb force can be obtained as compared with the apparatus of the eleventh embodiment. As a result, the collection rate can be further improved.
- the apparatus of the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 21 to 22 is used in the first-stage small-diameter tubular collection module on the most upstream side and the second-stage medium-diameter tubular collection module.
- the stays used for fixing the small-diameter collecting tube 11-1A-1 and the medium-diameter collecting tube 11-1B-1 which are dust electrodes to the collecting tube (main collecting tube) 1-1 the first to Instead of the rod-like stays in the ninth embodiment, the stays 11-1A-SP and 11-1B-1SP made of plate-like long members each extending in the tube axis direction are employed.
- the apparatus of the present embodiment uses a narrow plate-shaped stay tube 11-1A-1 which is a dust collecting electrode of the first-stage small-diameter tubular collection module on the most upstream side as a wide plate-like stay made of a long material.
- 11-1A-SP is fixed to the collection tube (main collection tube) 1-1
- the medium-diameter collection tube 11-1B- that is the dust collection electrode of the second-stage medium-diameter tubular collection module 1 is fixed to the collection pipe (main collection pipe) 1-1 with a plate-like stay 11-1B-SP having a narrower width than the first stage wide stay 11-1A-SP. It is.
- the radial widths of the stays 11-1A-SP and 11-1B-SP are the small-diameter collecting tube 11-1A-1, the medium-diameter collecting tube 11-1B-1, and the collecting tube (main collecting tube). Needless to say, it is set according to the distance from the tube 1-1.
- stays for fixing the small-diameter collecting tube 11-1A-1 and the medium-diameter collecting tube 11-1B-1 to the collecting tube (main collecting tube) 1-1 respectively.
- the swirling flow of the exhaust gas flowing between the collection tubes can be
- the stay can be positively brought into contact with the stay, and by the rectifying action of the stay as a rectifying plate, the small-diameter collecting tube 11-1A-1 and the medium-diameter collecting tube 11-1B-1 of each tubular collecting portion are collected.
- the flow to and from the collecting pipe (main collecting pipe) 1-1 flows into the collecting pipe having a larger diameter in the subsequent stage in a state where the swirling flow of the exhaust gas is suppressed and the axial flow increases and decelerates.
- the particles are reliably charged by the mixed flow with many axial flows that have been decelerated in advance in the subsequent collection tube, and a large coulomb is produced. Will be obtained, it is possible to further improve the collection rate.
- the case where the entire exhaust gas amount is processed has been described as an example.
- the exhaust gas processed by the device of the present invention is used.
- the apparatus of the present invention can also be applied to processing of an EGR gas flow branched from an entire exhaust gas flow or from an EGR gas flow branched from the entire exhaust gas flow.
- the piston, piston ring, cylinder, cylinder head is removed by cleaning the EGR gas flow with a scrubber device and removing sulfur-derived products such as sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas.
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Abstract
Description
なお、本発明においては、重油及び重油より低質の燃料を総称して、重油と称する。
即ち、特許文献1には、図23にその概略を示すように、排気ガス通路121にコロナ放電部122-1と帯電部122-2とからなる放電帯電部122を連設して、コロナ放電された電子129を排気ガスG1中のカーボンを主体とするPM128に帯電させ、同排気ガス通路121に配置した捕集板123で前記帯電したPM128を捕集する方式であって、放電帯電部122における電極針124は排気ガス流の流れ方向長さが短く、かつ捕集板123は排気ガス流の流れ方向に対し直角方向に配設された構成となしたディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス用電気式処理方法及び装置が提案されている。図中、125はシールガス管、126は高圧電源装置、127は排気ガス誘導管である。
この装置は、図26にその一例を示すように、排ガスを横方向に流しながら処理するように構成されたもので、PMを捕集するための電気集塵部151と、分別捕集部としてのサイクロン152を備え、電気集塵部151は筒状ハウジング156の内周面に取付けた筒状金属体157と該筒状金属体の内周面に形成した凹凸部158とによって構成された集塵電極154と、この集塵電極154の軸線に沿って延びる主電極159と、この主電極159の長手方向に所定の間隔で配設された放射状に突出する電極針160の群とによって構成された放電電極155とを備え、サイクロン152は電気集塵部151を通過したガス流153の流れを旋回流に変換するガイドベーン161より下流側の部位に構成され、このサイクロン152の下流に該サイクロン内のガスを排出するための排気管162と、遠心分離されたPMを捕集するホッパー163が設けられている。164は集塵電極154に捕集されて滞留するPMを当該集塵電極から剥離させる剥離機構であり、例えば偏心による振動を発生する偏心モータ165で構成されている。166は排気管162内の排ガスをホッパー163の上部空間にリターンさせるための抽気管である。
なお、図示しないが、放電電極191-2は必要に応じ捕集管191-1の内部より絶縁されたステーにより所望間隔を有して支持されている。又、放電電極191-2は外部に設置された高圧電源装置(図示せず)に配線されて制御された高圧電源の供給を受けている。
このように処理能力の異なる複数の接線式サイクロンでサイクロン捕集手段を構成した場合には、舶用エンジンにおける主機及び補機の並列運転や単独運転に伴う運転状況の変化やエンジンの負荷率に応じて変化する排気ガス流量に対応して各接線式サイクロンをより適正に選択使用することが可能となるのみならず、低濃度排ガス導出管3に配設したダンパーと合わせて各接線式サイクロン毎に設けた流量制御ダンパー209-1、209-2、209-3を制御することにより各接線式サイクロンへの排ガスの流入接線速度をより適正に制御することが可能となり、高い捕集効率を広いエンジン負荷率の範囲等において確保、維持することができる。
即ち、前記特許文献1に記載されたディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス用電気式処理方法及び装置は、放電帯電部122における電極針124は排気ガス流の流れ方向長さが短くかつ捕集板123は排気ガス流の流れ方向に対し直角方向に配設され、又、排気ガス流が捕集板123に対し直接当接するので流過抵抗(圧力損失;圧損)が大きいこと、捕集板123が薄く排気ガス流の流れ方向長さが短いのでPMの素通りが危惧され、PM捕集効率を十分に高めることができない恐れがあること、一旦捕集板123を通過したPMは再度コロナ放電により帯電させて捕集されることがなくそのまま排出されてしまうことが危惧される、といった問題を有する。
なお、前記特許文献1には、捕集板を排気ガス流の流れ方向に長尺な管状とすると共に、管状捕集部の管軸方向に電極針を設け、PM粒子を排気ガス流の流れ方向に流しながら堆積・剥離を繰返すジャンピング現象を発現させて成長させ、この成長現象により排気ガス流の管状捕集部内面付近のPMの粒径をサイクロンで捕集し易いように粗大化させると共にPMの濃度を上昇させ、さらにこのPMの粒径が大径でかつ濃度が高濃度に濃縮した排気ガス流を選択的に抽出してサイクロンで捕集するという技術思想はもとより、放電電極及び集塵電極よりなる管状捕集部を軸方向に短寸とすると共に径を異ならせた管状捕集モジュールを軸方向に複数組合せて全排気ガス流に確実コロナ放電させる技術思想は開示も示唆もしていない。
なお、前記特許文献2には、捕集電極132は排気の通り道となるトンネル状の電極とされ、捕集電極132のトンネル内にニードル電極131と偏向電極136との電極結合体が、トンネルと軸心を略共通にして配設され、太く長尺の電極結合体が管状捕集部のほぼ全長にわたり内挿されて格子状に形成され、と記載され、又、前記特許文献3には、「……固定円筒体141の中心線に沿って放電電極対及び収集電極対の各一方を構成する電極棒142が垂下され、……固定円筒体141の下部側面には径大な排気口が設けられ、排気口には下流側排気管145が嵌入……。」と、「回転円筒部146は下部が径小な切頭円錐形状を有し……回転円筒部146の内面から上方に長尺のバー(掻き落とし部)144が立設しており、バー144の外縁は固定円筒体41の径大部の内面に接している。」と、「……ディーゼルパティキュレートは、放電空間で電極棒142と固定円筒体141……との間のコロナ放電により……帯電したディーゼルパティキュレートは、……静電界に引かれて固定円筒体141の径大部の内面に堆積する。」と、記載され、更に「回転円筒部146の回転とともに、バー144は固定円筒体141の径大部の内面に接して低速で回転し、径大部の内面に堆積したディーゼルパティキュレート層を落下させ、……落下したディーゼルパティキュレートは収集箱に集め、……除去することができる。」と記載されて管状捕集部が形成されてはいるが、特許文献3に記載されているものは、捕集電極を排気ガス流の流れ方向に長尺な固定円筒部(管状)とすると共に、管状捕集部の管軸方向に間隔を保持して電極針を設け、PMを排気ガス流の流れ方向に流しながら堆積させ、堆積したPM粒子をバーにて掻き落とす技術であり、掻き落とされた時に飛散するPM粒子の一部は収集箱の手前に設けられた径大な排気口に嵌入された下流側排気管より排出されることが大いに危惧される技術である。
なお、前記特許文献4においては、捕集板を排気ガス流の流れ方向に長尺な管状とすると共に、管状捕集部の管軸方向に電極針を設け、PM粒子を排気ガス流の流れ方向に流しながら管状捕集部内面付近に堆積させサイクロンで捕集してはいるが、該特許文献4に記載された技術も、前記特許文献1~3に記載された技術と同様に、排気ガス流のPMの粒径をサイクロンで捕集し易いように粗大化させると共に排気ガス流の管状捕集部内面付近のPMの濃度を上昇させ、さらにこのPMの粒径が大径でかつ濃度が高濃度に濃縮した排気ガス流の管状捕集部内面付近の流れだけを選択的に抽出して集中的にサイクロンで捕集する技術思想はもとより、放電電極及び集塵電極よりなる管状捕集部を軸方向に短寸とすると共に径を異ならせた管状捕集モジュールを軸方向に複数組合せて全排気ガス流に確実コロナ放電させる技術思想は開示も示唆もしていない。
なお、この特許文献5に記載のものは、捕集壁を排気ガス流の流れ方向に長尺な管状の筒状体とすると共に該管状捕集部の管軸方向に電極針を設け、PM粒子を排気ガス流の流れ方向に流しながら該管状捕集部内面付近に堆積させて捕集しているものの、この特許文献5も、前記特許文献1~4と同様に、排気ガス流のPMの粒径を下流側に設置されたサイクロンで捕集し易いように粗大化させると共に排気ガス流の管状捕集部内面付近のPMの濃度を上昇させ、更にこのPMの粒径が大径でかつPM濃度が高濃度の排気ガス流の管状捕集部内面付近の流れだけを選択的に抽出して集中的にサイクロンで捕集するという技術思想はもとより、放電電極及び集塵電極よりなる管状捕集部を軸方向に短寸とすると共に径を異ならせた管状捕集モジュールを軸方向に複数組合せて全排気ガス流に確実コロナ放電させる技術思想は開示も示唆もしていない。
(1).放電電極及び集塵電極を軸方向に短寸で同心円状に組合せて一つの管状捕集モジュールとし、この管状モジュールの径を排気ガス最上流に最少径のものを、最終段を最大径とし、排気ガスの流れ方向に沿って順次管状捕集モジュールの径を増大させて複数配置(最少2組のモジュール)することにより、異なる半径位置を流れる排気ガス流に対しも何れかの管状捕集モジュールを必ず通過させることにより、その管状捕集モジュール通過時にその管状捕集モジュールの放電電極により確実にコロナ放電され、またその管状捕集モジュールの集塵電極に一旦は必ず堆積され、堆積と剥離を繰り返しながら通過し、これを管状捕集モジュールの配置段数に応じて繰り返すこととなることにより、例えば管状捕集モジュールを5段設置とした場合には、中央付近を流れる排気ガス流に含まれるPM粒子のほとんどは5回コロナ放電を受け、その外側を流れる排気ガス流は4回のコロナ放電を、その外側を流れる排気ガス流は3回のコロナ放電を、とコロナ放電を受ける回数は順次減るものの、最外周を流れる排気ガス流であっても少なくとも1回のコロナ放電を受けており、全排気ガス流に対し万遍なく確実にコロナ放電をさせることができる。
(2).排気ガス流下流側の管状捕集モジュールの径を大きくすることにより、集塵電極を軸方向に剥離と堆積を繰り返しながら成長したPM粒子の塊は、集塵電極の下流側端部から剥がれ出ると直ちに次の管状捕集モジュールの放電電極によりコロナ放電されて帯電され、この次の管状捕集モジュールの集塵電極に堆積することとなり、その後堆積と剥離を繰り返して成長しながら下流側へと流れていき、最終的には最終段である管状捕集部に堆積し剥離して高濃度排出部へ分流され、接線式サイクロン又は衝突式慣性力粒子分離器への導入部へ流出することとなる。
(3).管状捕集部と管状捕集モジュールの間の空間に放電電極を配設することにより、排気ガスの流れ方向の同一位置で複数の流れに対し同時にコロナ放電をさせることができて、それぞれの流れのPM粒子が捕集面に堆積・剥離を繰返し成長させることとなって装置の小型化と捕集率の向上がはかられる。
(4).管状捕集部と管状捕集モジュールの間の空間に、放電電極及び集塵電極よりなる管状捕集モジュールの径を異ならせて同心円状に複数組配設し、排気ガスの流れ方向の同一位置で全流れに対し同時にコロナ放電をさせることができることにより、それぞれの流れのPM粒子を成長させることとなって装置の小型化と捕集率の向上がはかられる。
(5).放電電極及び集塵電極よりなる管状捕集モジュールが複数配設された管状捕集部の径を、他の部分より排気ガスの流れ方向下流に向かって拡径化させることにより、排気ガス流の流速を低下させてPM粒子(塊状)へのコロナ放電と集塵電極への付着をより確実とさせて捕集率の向上をはかることができる。
(6).排気ガス上流側管状捕集モジュールに隣接し、かつ該上流側管状捕集モジュールより大径の下流側管状捕集モジュールを配設する場合に、この下流側管状捕集モジュールの放電電極の径を、上流側管状捕集モジュールの集塵電極の内径以下の径とすることにより、下流側管状捕集モジュールの集塵電極の下流側端部から剥がれ出たPM粒子の塊は、直ちに次の管状捕集モジュールの放電電極のポテンシャルの高い先端部に流入(遭遇)することにより直ちにコロナ放電されて即帯電され、次の管状捕集モジュールの集塵電極に確実に堆積することとなり、その後堆積と剥離を繰り返して成長しながら下流側へと流れていき、捕集率の向上をはかることができる。
(7).排気ガス上流側管状捕集モジュールに隣接し、かつ該上流側管状捕集モジュールより大径の下流側管状捕集モジュールが配設され、該下流側管状捕集モジュールの放電電極の径が前記上流側管状捕集モジュールの集塵電極の内径より大径の場合、前記上流側管状捕集モジュールと流側管状捕集モジュールの各放電電極の間に放電電極の径が順次増加する遷移径部を配設しても、前記と同様に捕集率の向上をはかることができる。
(8).ディーゼルエンジンと管状捕集部との間にこの集塵手段通過後の浄化ガスを還流させる還流配管を設け、かつこの還流配管内を還流する排気ガスに対する運動エネルギィー付与手段を設けることにより、前記(1)~(7)の作用効果に加え、排気抵抗を減少させてエンジン効率・燃料消費率を向上させることができる。
(9).捕集壁面を構成する集塵電極を波板などの凹凸を有する板を筒状に成形して環状もしくはスパイラル状の凸条及び/又は凹条を有した筒状壁面にて構成することにより、コロナ放電により帯電されイオン風に乗ったPM粒子の集塵電極への流れがスパイラル状の凸条及び/又は凹条の存在により筒状壁面付近にて乱れあるいは停滞・滞留して付着率を向上させることができる。
(10).最終段の管状捕集部以外の捕集部において捕集壁面を構成する集塵電極をエキスパンドメタル・パンチングメタル・平織/綾織金網・ワイヤーネットなど多数の貫孔や網目状貫通孔とその網目状貫通孔周縁に厚さ方向の凹凸を有した板もしくは網を筒状に形成して多数の貫孔や網目状貫通孔とその網目状貫通孔周縁に厚さ方向の凹凸を有する網目状貫通孔を有した筒状壁面にて構成することにより、コロナ放電により帯電されイオン風に乗ったPM粒子が捕集壁面としての筒状壁面に達した時に、該筒状壁面の内壁面に多数の貫孔や網目状貫通孔とその網目状貫通孔周縁に厚さ方向の凹凸を有する網目状貫通孔が設けられているので、筒状壁面の内壁面によって跳ね返されて筒状壁面の軸芯方向に戻されて逆流する現象を防止もしくはほとんど発生させることがなく、該貫孔からイオン風に乗ったPM粒子の一部が貫通してその外側を流れる流れに合流することによりその流れのPM粒子の塊濃度をより濃くすることができ、よりPM粒子濃度の濃い流れを高濃度ガス導出(排出)部へ導出することができる。
(11).捕集管の先端にベルマウスを、捕集管の後端にテーパー拡径部を設けることにより、以下に記載する効果を奏する。
(a).捕集管の先端にベルマウスを設けることにより、排気ガス流を確実に捕集管の間に流入させてガス量を増加させると共に増速できる。
(b).捕集管の後端にテーパー拡径部を設けることにより、内側捕集管の外周に沿って流れている増速されたガス流がテーパー拡径部の外表面に沿って流れ(物の表面に沿って流体が流れる現象を「コアンダー効果」というが、この現象によって外表面に沿って流れている。)、径方向外向きの流れとなって流出し、捕集管軸心方向(捕集壁面から遠ざかる方向)への流れを抑制する。
(c).捕集管の後端にテーパー拡径部を設けることにより、内側捕集管の内周に沿って流れている増速されたガス流も、前記と同様、コアンダー効果により径方向外向きの流れとなって流出し、捕集管軸心方向への流れを抑制する。
(d).(a)~(c)の作用効果により、捕集管より流出する排気ガス流は、捕集管軸心方向への流れが抑制されて外側の捕集管の内周に沿う流れが増加し、電極針からの放電によりPM粒子は確実に帯電されて高い捕集率が得られる。
なお、捕集管後端のテーパー拡径部の中心角は、特に限定するものではないが、5~15度が好ましい。その理由は、5度未満では捕集管軸芯方向への流れに対する抑制効果に乏しく、他方、15度を超えると抵抗が大きくなり流れを乱すこととなって排気ガス流の流下抵抗の上昇と捕集率及び燃費の低下を誘発することが危惧されるためである。
(12).捕集管の内壁に、エキスパンドメタル、パンチングメタル、平織/綾織金網、ワイヤーネット等、多数の貫孔を有する部材を筒状に成形したサブ捕集管を捕集管(主捕集管)と電気的に導通状態にして設けることにより、コロナ放電により帯電してイオン風に乗ったPM粒子の塊は多数の貫孔に達して、3次元形状を呈し表面積の大きいサブ捕集管表面に堆積することとなり、その後成長しながらサブ捕集管内壁と捕集管表面への堆積・剥離を繰返して下流側へと流れていき、最終的には最終段である管状捕集部に堆積し剥離して高濃度排出部へ分流され、接線式サイクロン又は衝突式慣性力粒子分離器への導入部へ流出することとなり捕集率を向上させることができる。なお、最終段の管状捕集部以外の捕集部においては、このサブ捕集管と管壁をエキスパンドメタル、パンチングメタル、平織/綾織金網、ワイヤーネット等、多数の貫孔を有する部材を筒状に成形した捕集管を組み合わせることにより、コロナ放電により帯電されてイオン風に乗ったPM粒子が多数の貫孔を有する捕集管の管壁に達して該貫孔を貫通してその外側を流れる流れに合流することとなって捕集管の内壁面によって跳ね返されて管本体の軸心方向に戻されて逆流する現象を防止もしくはほとんど発生させないで、後段の捕集管表面への堆積をより促進させることができる。
(13).放電電極を頂角が20°程度で形状が略二等辺三角形を呈する鋸刃状の放電板とすることにより、特に電極(鋸刃状放電板)の付根部の幅が軸方向に幅広となって断面積が大きくなり、当該電極の剛性が著しく高くなって振動などに対する耐変形強度が大きくなり耐久性が確保されると共に放電電流の大電流化が可能となって実効電界強度が大きくなり、粒子は確実に帯電されてクーロン力を得て捕集される。
(14).放電電極を鋸刃状の放電板とすることにより、高速で流れている排気ガスの旋回流の電極と当接する面積が増大すると共に旋回流の電極間の通過できる面積を減少させることができるので、高速の排気ガス流が放電板に当接しかつ放電板裏側への回り込みに伴い流れ方向が軸方向に偏向されると共に運動エネルギーが減衰されて流れが減速されることとなり、粒子はより確実に帯電されてクーロン力を得て捕集される。
(15).放電電極を鋸刃状の放電部が電極棒(主電極)の軸方向に延びる基板部と一体に設けられた鋸刃状放電電極板で構成し、かつ前記基板部を介して電極棒に突設した構成とすることにより、高速で流れている排気ガス流の電極と当接する面積がより増大すると共に排気ガス流の電極間の通過できる面積をさらに減少させることができるので、高速な排気ガス流が放電板により多く当接しかつ放電板裏側への回り込みに伴い流れ方向が軸方向に偏向されると共に運動エネルギーがより減衰されて流れが減速されることとなり、粒子の帯電がより確実となり大きなクーロン力を得て捕集される。
(16).電極棒の軸方向及び周方向に配設された鋸刃状放電電極群及び/又は鋸刃状放電電極板の各々の周方向の間に、前記鋸刃状放電電極又は前記鋸刃状放電電極板の外径より小径の帯状整流板を主電極の軸方向に沿って放射状に配設することにより、鋸刃状電極の間を通過してきた排気ガス流を積極的に当接させて該排気ガス流の有する運動エネルギーをさらに減衰させて流れを一層減速させることができるので、排気ガス中の粒子は確実に帯電されて大きなクーロン力を得ることとなり、捕集率をさらに向上させることができる。
(17).上流側管状捕集モジュールと下流側管状捕集モジュールの各管状捕集部(小、中、大と径の異なる捕集管)を主管状捕集部に固定するステーを管軸方向に延伸する板状の長尺材とし、かつ該長尺材からなる板状のステーを周方向に複数配置することにより、各捕集管の間を流れる排気ガス流をこの長尺材からなる板状のステーに積極的に当接させることができ、当該ステーの整流板としての整流作用により各管状捕集部(小、中、大と径の異なる捕集管)と主管状捕集部(捕集管)との間の流れは排気ガス流の旋回流化が抑制されて軸方向の流れ成分が増大しかつ減速した状態で後段の径の大きい捕集管内に流出し、後段の捕集管内において予め減速された多くの軸方向流れに混流されてより粒子は確実に帯電されて大きなクーロン力を得ることとなり、捕集率をさらに向上させることができる。
まず、サイクロンを使用した還流方式のディーゼルエンジン排ガス処理装置の基本構成について説明すると、重油を使用するディーゼルエンジンの排ガス中に含まれる粒状物質に帯電させる放電電極、及び帯電された前記粒状物質を捕集する集塵電極を構成する管状捕集部を有し、管状捕集部から剥離した粒状物質を分別して捕集する接線式サイクロン又は衝突式慣性力粒子分離器の分別捕集手段を備えたディーゼルエンジン排ガス処理装置の、管状捕集部の下流側の内面付近に設けた粒状物質の高濃度排ガス導出部からの配管に接線式サイクロンで構成したサイクロン捕集手段を設け、高濃度排ガス導出部より排出される高濃度排ガス流を接線式サイクロンへ導入して大径粒子を捕集・処理する方式となすとともに、前記接線式サイクロン又は衝突式慣性力粒子分離式の捕集部で大径粒子を捕集後、除去できなかった細径粒を含有する流れをブロアーにて運動エネルギーを付与して昇圧・増速し還流配管により導入管(排気管)に圧送・還流させる構成となしたものであり、特にエンジンの高負荷時には大量の排気ガスが高速で流れるため、流速を低下させてPMへの帯電を確実化させるように、導入管(排気管)と大径化されている捕集管の間にテーパー管(レジューサー)を設けるのが一般的である。
このように管軸方向に長さが長くなる捕集管を順次連続して配置することにより、排気ガス流が整流化されて全流れの乱れが減少して均等に帯電・塊状化して付着・分離が実現し濃縮が促進されるという効果が得られる。なお、本実施例においても、各捕集部におけるコロナ放電、付着・堆積、剥離と合流によるPM粒子の塊の濃縮状況は前記各実施例と同様である。
このように捕集管モジュールと放電電極を連続して複数組配置することにより排気ガス流を整流化させ、全流れ内のPM粒子に対し多数回にわたり帯電・塊状化して付着・分離を繰返すことにより濃縮が促進されるという効果が得られる。なお、本実施例においても、各捕集部におけるコロナ放電、付着・堆積、剥離と合流によるPM粒子の塊の濃縮状況は前記各実施例と同様である。
かかる構成の排ガス処理装置の場合、小径捕集管41-1A-1内を流れる排気ガス流内のPM粒子は、小径捕集部41-1Aの放電電極によるコロナ放電により帯電されて当該小径捕集部41-1Aの集塵電極に付着し、その後付着と剥離を繰返しながら集塵電極付近の流れにPM粒子の塊濃度を濃くして下流側へ流れて中径捕集部41-1Cへ流出する。又、上流側の拡径捕集管部に、小径捕集部41-1Aと大径捕集部41-1Bが同心円上に配置されていることにより排気ガス内のPM粒子の全粒子が確実に1回は帯電されることとなり、その後の中径捕集部41-1Cと通常捕集部41-1Dの存在と相俟って高い捕集率が得られる。なお、小径捕集管41-1A-1の外を流れる排気ガス流及び中径捕集管41-1C-1部並びに大径捕集部41-1Bでのコロナ放電とPM粒子の塊の濃縮状況は前記第3実施例装置と同様である。
このように先端にベルマウスを、後端にテーパー拡径部を設けた捕集管61-1、61-2、61-3の場合は、各捕集管の先端のベルマウス61-1A、61-2A、61-3Aにより排気ガス流を確実に捕集管の間に流入させて排気ガス量を増加させると共に増速され、続いて後端のテーパー拡径部61-1B、61-2B、61-3Bにより内側捕集管の外周に沿って流れる増速されたガス流は、該テーパー拡径部外表面に沿って流れて径方向外向きの流れとなって流出し、その流れは捕集管軸心方向(捕集壁面から遠ざかる方向)への流れを抑制し、又、内側捕集管の内周に沿って流れる増速されたガス流も前記内側捕集管の外周に沿って流れるガス流と同様にコアンダー効果(物の表面に沿って流体が流れる現象)により径方向外向きの流れとなって流出し捕集管軸心方向への流れを抑制する。この捕集管軸心方向への流れの抑制効果により、捕集管より流出する排気ガス流は捕集管軸心方向への流れが抑制されることにより外側の内周に沿う流れが増加し高い捕集率が得られる。
このような構成の捕集管の場合は、コロナ放電により帯電されてイオン風に乗ったPM粒子は、サブ捕集管70-1の多数の貫孔70-1-Aに達して、三次元形状を呈し、表面積の大きいサブ捕集管70-1表面に堆積することとなり、その後成長しながら捕集管内壁と捕集管表面への堆積・剥離を繰返して塊状となって下流側へと流れ、最終的には最終段の管状捕集部に堆積し剥離して高濃度排出部へ分流され、接線式サイクロン又は衝突式慣性粒子分離器への導入部へ流出することとなる。なお、管本体70として、エキスパンドメタル・パンチングメタル・平織/綾織金網・ワイヤーネット等、多数の貫孔70-Aを有する部材を筒状に成形したものを用いた場合は、コロナ放電により帯電されてイオン風に乗ったPM粒子が多数の貫孔70-Aを貫通して管本体70に達するが、該管本体の壁面に多数の貫孔70-Aが設けられていることによって該貫孔70-Aからイオン風に乗ったPM粒子の一部が貫通してその外側を流れる流れに合流することとなり、管本体の内壁面によって跳ね返されて折り返すような管本体の軸心方向に戻されて逆流する現象を防止もしくはほとんど発生させないことができるので、最終段の管状捕集部以外の捕集部にあっては、この筒体と前記サブ捕集管とを組み合わせて用いるとよい。
前記第1~第9実施例装置における放電電極1-2は、電極棒(主電極)1-2aと、該電極棒の軸心方向に所望の間隔に配設された放射状に突設する電極針1-2bの群とによって構成され、特に電極針1-2bには細い針状のものが使用されていることから、振動等に対する電極針1-2bの対変形強度を十分に確保し難いこと、電極針1-2bは根元部分から細い針状で断面積が一定なため、大電流の放電電流に対応することが困難であること、電極針1-2b間を通過するガスの旋回流と電極針1-2bとの接触が十分に得られないため、粒子の捕集率のさらなる向上が望めないこと、といった課題を有するため、この課題を解決すべく本発明の第10~第13実施例装置は、放電電極とステーの構造を特定したものである。
即ち、本発明の第10実施例装置は、電極棒の剛性を高めて耐震性を向上させるために1本の共通の電極棒1-2aの電極棒径を小径捕集部11-1A<中径捕集部11-1B<大径捕集部11-1Cとし、かつ小径捕集部11-1Aと中径捕集部11-1Bとの間、中径捕集部11-1Bと大径捕集部11-1Cとの間に、それぞれ漸次増径部1-2a-1、1-2a-2を設け、又、その際、小径捕集管11-1A-1と中径捕集管11-1B-1の排気ガス流れ方向長さ位置をその端部において一部ラップさせることにより、ラップ位置での小径捕集管11-1A-1と中径捕集管11-1B-1の固定用ステー11-1A-Sと11-1B-Sを同一位置として共通化することができる構成となした排ガス処理装置において、前記電極棒1-2aの軸心方向に所望の間隔で配設された放射状に突設する電極針1-2bに替えて、頂角が20°程度で、形状が略二等辺三角形を呈する、鋸刃状の放電板1-2cを採用して放電電極を構成したものである。このように本実施例装置は、前記鋸刃状の放電板1-2cを電極棒1-2aの軸心方向に所望の間隔に配設して形成した鋸刃状放電電極群1-2c-1を、電極棒1-2aの周方向に所望の間隔を置いて放射状に複数配設して放電電極を構成したものである。なお、鋸刃状の放電板1-2cの径方向突出長さHは、放電電圧、放電電流、排気ガス流の流量範囲、捕集壁との間隔、小径捕集部11-1A、中径捕集部11-1B、大径捕集部11-1Cのそれぞれの捕集部径等に応じて、又、放電板1-2cの付け根部の軸方向幅T及び間隔tも、放電電圧や放電電流、小径捕集部11-1A、中径捕集部11-1B、大径捕集部11-1Cの軸方向長さ等に応じて、それぞれ適宜設定する。
なお、ここでは好ましい例として径の異なる管状捕集モジュールを複数組組合せた例を示したが、管状捕集モジュールは複数組に限らず、単一の場合も可能であることは言うまでもない。
1-1 捕集管
1-1a 排ガス導入管部
1-1b 高濃度排ガス導出部
1-1c、3-1 シールエアー導入管部
1-2 放電電極
1-2a 電極棒(主電極)
1-2a-1、1-2a-2 漸次増径部
1-2b 電極針
1-2c 鋸刃状の放電板
1-2c-1 鋸刃状放電電極群
1-2d 鋸刃状放電電極板
1-2d-1 鋸刃状放電電極群
1-2e 鋸刃状の放電板部(山部)
1-2f 基板部
1-2g 帯状整流板
2 分別捕集手段
2-1 サイクロン捕集部
2-1a 接線式サイクロン
2-2 還流配管
3 低濃度排ガス導出管
4 支持体
5-1、5-3 連通管
5-2 高濃度排ガス配管
7 ブロアー
8 ダンパー
11-1A、31-1A 小径捕集部
11-1A-1、31-1A-1 小径捕集管
11-1A-2 第1段放電電極
11-1A-3 放電電極
11-1A-4、21-1A-4、21-1A-5、21-1B-4、21-1B-5、21-1C-4、21-1D-4 電極筒
11-1A-5、11-1A-S、11-1A-S1、11-1B-S、11-1A-SP、11-1B-SP ステー
11-1B、31-1B 中径捕集部
11-1B-1、31-1B-1 中径捕集管
11-1B-2 第2段放電電極
11-1C 大径捕集部
11-1C-1 大径捕集管
11-1C-2 第3段放電電極
12 網目状荷電対極
13 荷電放電極
13-1 放電電極針
21-1A 第1捕集部
21-1A-1 第1捕集管
21-1B 第2捕集部
21-1B-1 第2捕集管
21-1C 第3捕集部
21-1C-1 第3捕集管
21-1D 第4捕集部
21-1D-1 第4捕集管
21-1E 第5捕集部
21-1E-1 第5捕集管
21-1F 第6捕集部
21-1F-1 第6捕集管
21-1A-2a、21-1A-2b、21-1B-2、21-1C-2 捕集管
21-1A-3a、21-1A-3b、21-1B-3a、21-1B-3b、21-1C-3、21-1D-3 放電電極
31-1 捕集管部
31-2 第1拡径捕集管部
31-2A 第1拡径捕集部
31-2A-1 第1拡径捕集管
31-3 第2拡径捕集管部
31-3A 第2拡径捕集部
31-3A-1 第2拡径捕集管
41-1 拡径捕集管
41-1A 小径捕集部
41-1A-1 小径捕集管
41-1A-3、41-1B-3 電極筒
41-1B 大径捕集部
41-1A-2、41-1B-2 放電電極
41-1C 中径捕集部
41-1C-1 中径捕集管
41-1D 通常捕集部
61-1、61-2、61-3 捕集管
61-1A、61-2A、61-3A ベルマウス
61-1B、61-2B、61-3B テーパー拡径部
70 管本体
70-1 サブ捕集管
70-2 導電性ステー
70-3 電極棒
70-4 放電電極
W1、W2 遷移径部
H 鋸刃状の放電板の径方向突出長さ
H’基板部を有する鋸刃状放電電極板の径方向突出長さ
h 鋸刃状の放電板部の径方向突出長さ
T 鋸刃状の放電板の付け根部の軸方向幅
T’鋸刃状の放電板部の付け根部の軸方向幅
t 放電板の付け根部の間隔
t’鋸刃状の放電板部の付け根部の間隔
L 帯状整流板径方向長さ
Claims (16)
- 重油を使用するディーゼルエンジンの排ガス中に含まれる粒状物質に帯電させる放電電極、及び帯電された前記粒状物質を捕集する集塵電極を構成する所定長さの管状捕集部を有し、かつ前記放電電極は前記管状捕集部内に管軸方向に配設された主電極と該主電極に間隔配設された放射状に突出する複数本の電極とによって構成された電気集塵手段と、前記管状捕集部から剥離した粒状物質を分別して捕集する集塵手段を備え、さらに前記管状捕集部の下流側の軸心付近に粒状物質の低濃度排ガス導出管を、同管状捕集部の下流側の内周面付近に高濃度排ガス導出部をそれぞれ設け、粒状物質の高濃度排ガス導出部に前記粒状物質を捕集する集塵手段を連設した重油を使用するディーゼルエンジン排ガス処理装置において、前記放電電極及び集塵電極よりなる管状捕集部に、軸方向に短寸で径の異なる管状捕集モジュールを1乃至複数組合せて配置して構成したことを特徴とする重油を使用する船舶用ディーゼルエンジンの排ガス処理装置。
- 前記管状捕集部は、排気ガス上流側に最も小径の管状捕集モジュールが配設され、かつ下流に向かい順次大径の管状捕集モジュールを配設して構成したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の重油を使用する船舶用ディーゼルエンジンの排ガス処理装置。
- 前記管状捕集部と前記管状捕集モジュールの間に、前記放電電極を配設して構成したことを特徴とする請求項1又は2のいずれか1項に記載の重油を使用する船舶用ディーゼルエンジンの排ガス処理装置。
- 前記管状捕集部と前記管状捕集モジュールの間に、前記放電電極及び前記集塵電極を複数配設して構成したことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の重油を使用する船舶用ディーゼルエンジンの排ガス処理装置。
- 前記放電電極及び前記集塵電極が複数配設された前記管状捕集部の径を、他の部分より拡径化させて構成したことを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の重油を使用する船舶用ディーゼルエンジンの排ガス処理装置。
- 前記管状捕集部の径を、排気ガスの下流側に向かい順次大径化させて構成したことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の重油を使用する船舶用ディーゼルエンジンの排ガス処理装置。
- 排気ガス上流側管状捕集モジュールに隣接し、かつ該上流側管状捕集モジュールより大径の下流側管状捕集モジュールを配設する場合、該下流側管状捕集モジュールの放電電極の径を、前記上流側管状捕集モジュールの集塵電極の内径以下の径として構成することを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の重油を使用する船舶用ディーゼルエンジンの排ガス処理装置。
- 排気ガス上流側管状捕集モジュールに隣接し、かつ該上流側管状捕集モジュールより大径の下流側管状捕集モジュールが配設され、該下流側管状捕集モジュールの放電電極の径が前記上流側管状捕集モジュールの集塵電極の内径より大径の場合、前記上流側管状捕集モジュールと下流側管状捕集モジュールの各放電電極の間に放電電極の径を順次増加する遷移径部を配設して構成することを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の重油を使用する船舶用ディーゼルエンジンの排ガス処理装置。
- 前記ディーゼルエンジンと前記管状捕集部との間に、該集塵手段通過後の浄化ガスを還流させる還流配管を設け、かつ該還流配管内を還流する排気ガスに対する運動エネルギィー付与手段を設けることを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の重油を使用する船舶用ディーゼルエンジン排ガス処理装置。
- 捕集管の先端にベルマウスを、後端にテーパー拡径部を設けることを特徴とする請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の重油を使用する船舶用ディーゼルエンジン排ガス処理装置。
- 捕集管の内壁に、多数の貫孔を有する筒状のサブ捕集管を、捕集管と電気的に導通状態に設けることを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の重油を使用する船舶用ディーゼルエンジン排ガス処理装置。
- 捕集管の管壁に、多数の貫孔を設けることを特徴とする請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の重油を使用する船舶用ディーゼルエンジン排ガス処理装置。
- 前記放電電極が、前記管状捕集部内に管軸方向に配設された主電極と該主電極に間隔配設された鋸刃状の放電板とで構成され、かつ前記鋸刃状放電板は主電極の軸方向に所望間隔に配設されて鋸刃状放電電極群を構成するとともに、該鋸刃状放電電極群が主電極の周方向に放射状に複数配設された構成となすことを特徴とする請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の重油を使用する船舶用ディーゼルエンジン排ガス処理装置。
- 前記放電電極は、鋸刃状の放電板部が前記主電極の軸方向に延びる基板部と一体に設けられた鋸刃状放電電極板で構成され、かつ前記鋸刃状放電電極板は前記基板部を介して主電極に突設され、かつ主電極の周方向に放射状に複数配設された構成となすことを特徴とする請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の重油を使用する船舶用ディーゼルエンジン排ガス処理装置。
- 前記主電極の軸方向及び周方向に配設された鋸刃状放電電極群及び/又は鋸刃状放電電極板の各々の周方向の間に、前記鋸刃状放電電極又は前記鋸刃状放電電極板の外径より小径の帯状整流板を主電極の軸方向に沿って放射状に少なくとも1枚配設されていることを特徴とする請求項13又は14に記載の重油を使用する船舶用ディーゼルエンジン排ガス処理装置。
- 前記管状捕集モジュールの管状捕集部を主管状捕集部に固定するステーを管軸方向に延伸する板状の長尺材とし、かつ該長尺材からなる板状のステーを周方向に複数配置することを特徴とする請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載の重油を使用する船舶用ディーゼルエンジン排ガス処理装置。
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