WO2014176917A1 - 聚合物微纳米纤维水分输运微灌方法及其组合产品 - Google Patents

聚合物微纳米纤维水分输运微灌方法及其组合产品 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014176917A1
WO2014176917A1 PCT/CN2013/089969 CN2013089969W WO2014176917A1 WO 2014176917 A1 WO2014176917 A1 WO 2014176917A1 CN 2013089969 W CN2013089969 W CN 2013089969W WO 2014176917 A1 WO2014176917 A1 WO 2014176917A1
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Prior art keywords
water
fiber
belt
micro
fiber mat
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PCT/CN2013/089969
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨卫民
李好义
马帅
焦志伟
阎华�
安瑛
丁玉梅
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北京化工大学
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Publication of WO2014176917A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014176917A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/06Watering arrangements making use of perforated pipe-lines located in the soil

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a polymer micro-nano fiber moisture transport micro-irrigation method and a combination product thereof, in particular to an environmentally-friendly and energy-saving polymer micro-nano fiber composite product and polymer micro-nano fiber for water transport micro-irrigation
  • the water transport micro-irrigation method belongs to the field of desertification control technology in the environmental field. Background technique
  • Asia is the region with the most concentrated population affected by desertification in the world. The countries most affected by desertification are China, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Pakistan and India. It is estimated that 150 million people will be forced to relocate in the next 50 years, and the economic losses suffered by desertification in the world will be about $26 billion a year.
  • Desertification land not only causes serious loss of land resources, but also becomes an important source of sandstorm weather.
  • the high PM2.5 value caused by dust storms and domestic production of emissions directly harms human health, and desertification control has been put on the important agenda of environmental governance in various countries. .
  • land desertification is the destruction of the epidermal system of the original water, culvert and nutrient conservation of the land due to arid climate and human causes.
  • the land generally absorbs and transports water through the vascular bundles in the stems of its epidermal vegetation roots. The essence is the capillary principle.
  • the plant roots regulate the soil moisture through the osmotic pressure difference between the fibers and the soil. If the earth is compared to the "human body” , then the land resources can be regarded as "human skin”, and the plant roots can be regarded as the "capillaries" of the human body.
  • water-saving technologies mainly include water-collecting technology, water-retaining agent water storage technology, solid water planting technology, and drip pipe technology.
  • Water harvesting technology is not intended in areas with water shortages
  • Solid water planting technology is sensitive to water quality, secondary water absorption characteristics are also limited by precipitation and soil Na, Mg ion side effects; water retaining agent is only suitable for seedling germination period, growth needs to water a lot of water; drip, seepage, sprinkler irrigation technology
  • Watering irrigation saves water, but it has the disadvantages of poor water retention, high cost of laying, and insufficient water utilization.
  • the "liquid mulch” method has been widely used in arid, semi-arid areas for the consolidation of dust and sand, and it is essentially to spray degradable liquid into the soil to form a protective film. After degradation, Moisturizes and improves the soil; there is also a method similar to "urine dampness", which mixes water-absorbing polymer materials in the surface soil as a soil moisturizer; and “artificial vegetation” method, which will plant roots, stems and leaves It is made from raw materials such as human and animal waste and domestic garbage. Through special processes, it forms a “quilt” covering the surface of the desert, allowing plants and crops to grow on it. It can be seen that the "film” and “being” methods have strong practicability.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a micro-nanofiber water transport micro-irrigation method and a combination thereof.
  • the micro-nano fiber moisture transport micro-irrigation method and the combination product thereof of the invention can make the limited water resource low energy consumption and high efficiency utilization, and have the characteristics of environmental protection and energy saving.
  • the present invention provides a polymer micro/nano fiber composite product (ie, an environmentally-friendly and energy-saving moisture transport micro-irrigation system), which at least includes: a water-repellent belt, a water-repellent belt weight, and water delivery Fiber mat, culvert fiber felt and water hose fixing device.
  • a polymer micro/nano fiber composite product ie, an environmentally-friendly and energy-saving moisture transport micro-irrigation system
  • the above combination product further comprises a sand-fixing fiber mat.
  • the water repellent belt is a microfiber water absorbing material by a melt spinning method, a flash spinning method, a melt blowing method, and an electrospinning method (the electrospinning method includes solution electrospinning) A tape or rope made by one or more of the methods of silk or melt electrospinning.
  • the ultrafine fiber water absorbing material comprises nylon (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL), thermoplastic polymer and fiber.
  • the inorganic filler comprises an inorganic filler conventionally used in the art to be hydrophilic, water repellent or to modify the physical properties of the thermoplastic polymer.
  • the water-repellent tape has an average fiber fineness of ⁇ or less, and the water-repellent tape has a thickness of 5-100 mm.
  • the thickness of the water-repellent belt refers to the thickness of the belt or the diameter of the rope.
  • the water repellent belt weight is a sheet-like solid close to water density. It can be attached to the drowning belt or installed inside the hydrophobic belt.
  • the water repellent belt weight is a plastic pipe.
  • the combination product further comprises a water repellent outer tube, the water repellent outer tube being a plastic tube.
  • the plastic pipe is coated on the surface of the water-repellent belt to increase the strength of the water-repellent belt.
  • the composite product when the water-repellent tape weight is a sheet-like solid, the composite product may further include a water-repellent tape outer tube to increase the strength of the water-repellent zone;
  • the weight is a plastic pipe, the combined product does not need to include a water-filled outer tube, which not only functions as a weight of the water-repellent belt, but also plays an important role in improving the strength of the water-repellent belt.
  • the water-repellent tape fixing device may be a conventional fixing component, including one or a combination of a ferrule, a buckle, a screw and a nut, a bracket, and the like;
  • a water-repellent belt fixing device formed by in-situ material such as a water-repellent belt fixing device formed of cement slurry, or the like.
  • the water-transport fiber mat is a hydrophilic material by a melt spinning method, a flash spinning method, a melt blowing method, and an electrospinning method (the electrospinning method includes solution electrospinning)
  • the electrospinning method includes solution electrospinning
  • the water-receiving fiber mat is a fiber mat made of a hydrophilic material by melt electrospinning.
  • the hydrophilic material comprises a hydrophilic modified polymer of a low viscosity thermoplastic hydrophilic polymer and/or a low viscosity thermoplastic polymer. More preferably, the hydrophilic material comprises a low viscosity polypropylene hydrophilic modifying material.
  • the water-transmitting fiber mat has a fiber fineness of 200 ⁇ - 5 ⁇ , the water-transmitting fiber mat has a thickness of 0.5 - 10 mm, and the water-transmitting fiber felt has a porosity of 65% - 90%.
  • the culvert fiber mat is a fiber mat made of one or more of a melt spinning method, a melt blow method, and a melt electrospinning method. More preferably, the culvert fiber mat is a fiber mat made of a hydrophobic material by melt electrospinning.
  • the hydrophobic material comprises a non-polar hydrophobic polymer. More preferably, The hydrophobic material includes low viscosity polypropylene and/or low viscosity polyethylene and the like.
  • the culvert fiber mat has a fiber fineness of 50 ⁇ - 5 ⁇ , the culvert fiber mat has a thickness of 0.5 mm to 10 mm, and the culvert fiber mat has a porosity of 65%. -90%.
  • the sand-fixing fiber mat is a fiber mat made of a low-viscosity polymer having an anti-aging agent by a melt blow method and/or a melt electrospinning method.
  • the anti-aging agent is a plastic anti-aging agent conventionally used in the art.
  • the low viscosity polymer comprises low viscosity polypropylene and/or low viscosity polyethylene and the like.
  • the sand-fixing fiber mat material can use a low-viscosity polymer having a light-resistant additive.
  • the fiber-fixing fiber mat has a fiber average fineness of ⁇ or less
  • the sand-fixing fiber mat has a fiber void of 350 nm or less
  • the sand-fixing fiber mat has a porosity of 75% or more, more preferably It is 75%-90%.
  • the invention also provides a micro-nano fiber water transport micro-irrigation method, which is a method for carrying out water transport micro-irrigation by using the above polymer micro-nano fiber combination product (ie, adopting the above-mentioned environmental protection and energy-saving water transport)
  • a micro-irrigation system for micro-irrigation comprising at least the following steps:
  • the water-repellent zone can utilize the capillary self-priming principle to fill the water source with the water source and transport it to the water-feeding fiber felt connected thereto.
  • the water-repellent belt weight is mounted on the surface or inside of the water-repellent belt so that a part of the water-repellent belt is immersed in the water source.
  • the water-transport fiber mat has nano-scale fiber voids and excellent hydrophilicity, which can provide strong capillary force for moisture transport.
  • the water-transmitting fiber felt continuously distributes the water extracted by the water-repellent belt to the earth to be treated by the capillary force, and the soil in the soil, sand or sand to be treated also has capillary force, soil, sand or sand. Gradually wetted, reaching a certain humidity to form a balance of capillary forces will stop the water transport. Moreover, the water-transmitting fiber mat itself can also play a role in shielding the erosion of the sand from the strong wind and the handling of the dust.
  • the water transport micro-irrigation method further comprises the steps of: coating the water-strap outer tube on the surface of the water-repellent belt.
  • the water-filled outer tube can also be used to increase the strength of the water-repellent belt; when the weight of the water-repellent belt is plastic pipe, it is no longer necessary to use the water-strap outer tube.
  • the plastic pipe not only plays the role of the weight of the water belt, but also plays the role of increasing the strength of the water belt.
  • the culvert fiber felt is located in the earth to be treated at a certain depth below the water-feeding fiber felt, and the certain depth is determined according to the depth of the earth to be treated to ensure the soil to be treated.
  • the plant roots do not destroy the culvert fiber mat, which is generally located 100-300 mm below the water-feeding fiber mat.
  • the culvert fiber mat of the present invention functions to prevent moisture from penetrating into deeper soil, sand or sand, and to ensure the full utilization of limited water resources.
  • the moisture transport micro-irrigation method further comprises the steps of: providing a cover layer on the water-transport fiber mat.
  • the covering layer functions to fix the water-feeding fiber felt, avoid evaporation of moisture of the water-feeding fiber felt, and reduce the degradation rate of the fiber material of the water-transfer fiber felt.
  • the cover layer is a soil layer, a sand layer or a sand layer having a thickness of 100 to 200 mm.
  • the soil, sand or sand in the soil layer, sand layer or sand layer can be derived from the earth to be treated.
  • the water transport micro-irrigation method further comprises the steps of: planting plant species, including grass species and/or tree species, in the cover layer to form vegetation.
  • the moisture transport micro-irrigation method further comprises the steps of: providing a sand-fixing fiber mat on the cover layer.
  • the sand-fixing fiber felt can be set on the cover layer, which can achieve more than 95% filtration effect on PM2.5 dust to prevent dust migration and atmospheric gas. The formation of a gel.
  • the plant species when the plant species is spread in the cover layer, it is not necessary to provide the sand-fixing fiber felt on the cover layer; when the sand-fixing fiber felt is provided on the cover layer, it is not necessary Plant species are spread in the cover layer.
  • the surface of the soil to be treated covered with the water-transmitting fiber felt or the water-transmitting fiber felt and the covering layer or covered with the water-transmitting fiber felt, the covering layer and the sand-fixing fiber felt is covered with The surface of the earth to be treated when the water is transported by micro-irrigation is on the same level.
  • the above-mentioned water transport micro-irrigation method comprises the following steps: (1) installing a water-repellent belt weight on the surface or inside of the water-repellent belt, and installing a water-repellent belt weight
  • the water-repellent belt is immersed in the water source, so that a part of the water-repellent belt is immersed below the water surface of the water source, and another part of the water-repellent belt is located above the water surface of the water source, and then the water-repellent belt is fixed by the water-belt fixing device;
  • the earth to be treated refers to soil, sand or sand in the treatment area.
  • the surface area of a part of the water-repellent zone immersed below the water surface of the water source is at least 1/2 of the surface area of the entire water-repellent zone.
  • the water-feeding fiber mat is connected to the end of another part of the water-repellent belt above the water surface of the water source by one or more of bonding, welding, weaving, and clamping. Combination of species.
  • the water-transport fiber mat covering the earth to be treated is one layer or several layers of water-transport fiber mats, and when several layers of water-transport fiber mats are used, each layer of water-transmitting fibers The earth to be treated is filled between the felts. Several layers of water-transport fiber mats can be used to meet the repair of thicker soils to be treated.
  • the water source includes a water source developed by using a deep well drill, water collected by rainwater collection and/or air water, water source of a tributary water of the Yellow River and/or the Yellow River, well water, and the like.
  • the water source refers to the water resources that are easy to be used in the vicinity of the earth to be treated, and in the desert treatment, the water source developed by the deep well drill or the water collected by the rainwater collection and/or the air water may be used in the sandification control of the Yellow River source. It may be a source of water in the tributaries of the Yellow River and/or the Yellow River. In semi-arid, arid land management, it may be well water or water collected by rainwater collection and/or air water.
  • the micro-nano fiber water transport micro-irrigation method of the invention utilizes the capillary force of the water-feeding fiber felt to fully transport the water in the water source and micro-irrigation into the earth to be treated, so that the limited water resources can be used with low energy consumption and high efficiency. At the same time, it can cooperate with the use of other products such as culvert fiber mat and vegetation sowing, etc., and can achieve the comprehensive effect of no energy consumption, water conservation, wind and sand fixation, water evaporation prevention, etc. in the treatment area, and has the characteristics of environmental protection and energy saving.
  • the combined product for water transport micro-irrigation of the present invention and the water transport micro-irrigation method are applied to the desert area, the arid and semi-arid areas, and the desert area of the Yellow River source, the source of the sand and the surface layer of the soil can be effectively suppressed.
  • the environment to achieve the purpose of "earth skin” and its "capillary” reconstruction.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the application of the water transport micro-irrigation method of Embodiment 4.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the application of the water transport micro-irrigation method of Embodiment 5.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the application of the water transport micro-irrigation method of Embodiment 6.
  • Water source 1 water belt 2 water belt weight 3 water belt fixing device 4
  • the embodiment provides a polymer micro/nano fiber composite product for moisture transport micro-irrigation, which comprises: a water-repellent belt, a water-repellent belt weight, a water-belt fixing device, a water-transport fiber felt, and a culvert fiber.
  • the water-repellent tape is a blend of polypropylene and 8-15% (based on the total weight of the blended material) of the hydrophilic masterbatch 7008P (Guangzhou Yaleisen Polymer Material Co., Ltd.) through the melt a tape made by an electrospinning method, wherein the water-repellent tape has a fiber average fineness of ⁇ , and the water-repellent tape has a tape thickness of 20 mm;
  • the water-repellent belt weight is a sheet-like polystyrene (PS) having a thickness of 50 mm;
  • the water-repellent belt fixing device comprises a ferrule, a buckle and a combination of one or more of a screw and a nut;
  • the water-transporting fiber felt is a low-viscosity polypropylene hydrophilic modified material (the low-viscosity polypropylene hydrophilic)
  • the modified material is a low-viscosity polyene and 8-15% (based on the total weight of the blended material) of a hydrophilic masterbatch 7008P (a blend of Guangzhou Yaleisen Polymer Materials Co., Ltd.) through the melt a fiber mat made by an electrospinning method;
  • the water fiber mat has a fiber average fineness of 3 ⁇ m, the water-transmitting fiber mat has a thickness of 2 mm, and the water-transport fiber mat has a porosity of 85%;
  • the culvert fiber mat is a fiber mat made of a hydrophobic material (the hydrophobic material comprises low-viscosity polypropylene and/or low-viscosity polyethylene) by melt electrospinning, and the culvert fiber mat has a fiber fineness of 5 ⁇
  • the thickness of the culvert fiber mat is 1 mm, and the porosity of the culvert fiber mat is 75%.
  • the embodiment provides a polymer micro-nanofiber composite product for moisture transport micro-irrigation, comprising: a water-repellent zone, a water-repellent belt weight, a water-transport fiber felt, and a culvert fiber felt;
  • the water-repellent tape is a blend of polypropylene and 8-15% (based on the total weight of the blended material) of the hydrophilic masterbatch 7008P (Guangzhou Yaleisen Polymer Material Co., Ltd.) through the melt a tape made by an electrospinning method, wherein the water-repellent tape has a fiber average fineness of less than ⁇ , the water-repellent tape has a tape thickness of 50 mm; and the water-repellent tape weight is a sheet-shaped polystyrene having a thickness of 50 mm.
  • the water-transport fiber mat is a low-viscosity polypropylene hydrophilic modified material (the low-viscosity polypropylene hydrophilic modified material is a low-viscosity polypropylene and 8-15% (based on the total weight of the blended material) Jellyfish 7008P (a blend material of Guangzhou Yaleisen Polymer Material Co., Ltd.)) a fiber mat made by a melt electrospinning method; the water fiber mat has an average fiber fineness of 2 ⁇ m, and the water transfer The thickness of the fiber mat is 3 mm, and the porosity of the water-transmitting fiber mat is 80%;
  • the culvert fiber mat is a fiber mat made of a hydrophobic material (the hydrophobic material is a low-viscosity polypropylene) by melt electrospinning, and the culvert fiber mat has an average fiber fineness of 2 ⁇ m, and the culvert fiber The thickness of the felt is 3 mm, and the porosity of the culvert fiber mat is 80%.
  • the embodiment provides a polymer micro-nanofiber composite product for moisture transport micro-irrigation, which comprises: a water-repellent belt, a water-repellent belt weight, a water-repellent belt fixing device, a water-transport fiber felt, and a culvert fiber.
  • the water-repellent tape is polypropylene and 8-15% (based on the total weight of the blended material) of the hydrophilic masterbatch 7008P (made by Guangzhou Yaleisen Polymer Material Co., Ltd.) a tape made by a melt electrospinning method, wherein the water-repellent tape has an average fineness of ⁇ , and the water-repellent tape has a tape thickness of 100 mm;
  • the water-repellent belt weight is a high-strength polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe;
  • the water belt fixing device is a bracket
  • the water-transport fiber mat is a low-viscosity polypropylene hydrophilic modified material (the low-viscosity polypropylene hydrophilic modified material is a low-viscosity polypropylene and 8-15% (based on the total weight of the blended material) Jellyfish 7008P (a blend material of Guangzhou Yaleisen Polymer Material Co., Ltd.)) a fiber mat made by a melt electrospinning method; the water-transmitting fiber mat has an average fiber fineness of 5 ⁇ m, and the water transfer The thickness of the fiber mat is 5 mm, and the porosity of the water-transmitting fiber mat is 75%;
  • the culvert fiber mat is a fiber mat made of a hydrophobic material (the hydrophobic material is a low-viscosity polypropylene) by melt electrospinning, and the culvert fiber mat has an average fiber fineness of 2 ⁇ m, and the culvert fiber The thickness of the felt is 3 mm, and the porosity of the culvert fiber mat is 80%;
  • the sand-fixing fiber mat is a fiber mat made by a melt electrospinning method of a low-viscosity polypropylene having a light-resistant additive, wherein the fiber-average fineness of the sand-fixing fiber mat is ⁇ , and the fiber void of the sand-fixing fiber mat is 350 nm.
  • the porosity of the sand-fixing fiber mat is 80%.
  • the present embodiment provides a water transport micro-irrigation method, which is a method for carrying out water transport micro-irrigation using the polymer micro-nano fiber composite product of Example 1, which is applied to water transport micro-field in a water-reduced area.
  • Irrigation method Rural canal water or groundwater as a source of water1, which includes the following steps:
  • a cover layer 6 is disposed on the water-transmitting fiber mat 5, the cover layer 6 is a soil layer having a thickness of 200 mm, and the soil in the soil layer is derived from the earthwork 7 to be treated, so as to be covered with the water-transmitting fiber felt 5 and covered.
  • the surface of the earthwork 7 to be treated of the layer 6 is on the same level as the surface of the earthwork 7 to be treated when the water is not transported by the micro-irrigation;
  • the culvert fiber layer can be laid.
  • the water transport micro-irrigation method of the embodiment includes the following steps:
  • a cover layer 6 is disposed on the water-transmitting fiber mat 5, the cover layer 6 is a soil layer having a thickness of 200 mm, and the soil in the soil layer is derived from the earthwork 7 to be treated, so as to cover the water-transmitting fiber mat 5 and covering
  • the surface of the earthwork 7 to be treated of the layer 6 is on the same level as the surface of the earthwork 7 to be treated when the water is not transported by the micro-irrigation;
  • the present embodiment provides a water transport micro-irrigation method, which is a method for carrying out water transport micro-irrigation using the polymer micro/nano fiber composite product of Example 2, which is applied to the moisture transport microsoil of the desertification land of the Yellow River source.
  • the irrigation method as shown in Fig. 2, uses the Yellow River water and its tributary water as the water source 1, which includes the following steps:
  • a water-repellent belt weight 3 on the surface of the water-repellent belt 2 (that is, a piece of polystyrene having a thickness of 50 mm is attached to one end of the water-repellent belt 2), and a water-repellent belt weight is installed.
  • the water-repellent zone 2 of 3 is immersed in the water source 1, so that at least one-half of the surface area of the water-repellent zone 2 is immersed on the side of the river below the water surface of the water source 1, and another part of the water-repellent zone 2 is located Above the water surface of the water source 1, the water-repellent belt fixing device 4 formed by the cement slurry is used to fix the water-repellent zone 2 along the river water;
  • a cover layer 6 is disposed on the water-transmitting fiber mat 5, the cover layer 6 is a sand layer having a thickness of 100 mm, and the sand in the sand layer is derived from the earthwork 7 to be treated, so as to cover the water-transmitting fiber mat 5 and covering Layer 6 to be treated earthwork
  • the surface of 7 is on the same level as the surface of the earth to be treated 7 when the water is not transported by micro-irrigation;
  • the present embodiment provides a water transport micro-irrigation method, which is a method for performing water transport micro-irrigation using the polymer micro-nano fiber composite product of Embodiment 3, which is applied to moisture transport micro-application in the Alashan Desert region.
  • Irrigation method due to human U growth, transitional grazing, transitional reclamation, land flooding and other factors, large-area land desertification in the region, as shown in Figure 3, using groundwater developed by deep well drilling as a water source1, including the following steps:
  • a water-repellent belt weight 3 on the surface of the water-repellent belt 2 ie, a high-strength polyvinyl chloride tube is coated on the surface of the water-repellent belt 2, and the high-strength polyvinyl chloride tube is not only used as a water-repellent belt With the weight 3, it can also be used as a water-strap outer tube to improve the strength of the water-repellent belt), and the water-repellent belt 2 with the water-weight belt 3 attached to the groundwater well is immersed in the water source 1
  • the portion of the hydrophobic belt 2 having at least 1/2 of the surface area is immersed below the water surface of the water source 1, and the other portion of the water-repellent belt 2 is located above the water surface of the water source 1, and then the bracket is used as the water-repellent belt fixing device 4 to fix the water Belt 2 in the groundwater well;
  • each layer of water-transferring fiber mats 5 is filled with earth to be treated 7 (ie, sand layer, each layer of sand)
  • the thickness of the layer is 100mm
  • a cover layer 6 is disposed on the uppermost water-transmitting fiber mat 5, the cover layer 6 is a sand layer having a thickness of 100 mm, and the sand 9 in the sand layer is derived from the earthwork 7 to be treated;
  • the water transport micro-irrigation method of the embodiment can effectively prevent water evaporation or seepage, achieve efficient use of water resources, save electricity and electricity, and not degrade the water, culvert and sand-fixing fiber felt within 3-5 years, desertification land The vegetation can be gradually restored.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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Abstract

一种聚合物微纳米纤维组合产品及使用该产品进行水分输运微灌的方法,该组合产品至少包括:汲水带(2)、汲水带配重物(3)、输水纤维毡(5)、涵水纤维毡(8)和汲水带固定装置(4)。该方法至少包括以下步骤:在汲水带表面或内部安装汲水带配重物,将安装有汲水带配重物的汲水带浸于水源中,使汲水带的一部分浸于水源的水面以下,并使汲水带的另一部分位于水面以上,采用汲水带固定装置固定汲水带;将输水纤维毡覆盖于待治理土方上,在输水纤维毡下方100-300mm处设置涵水纤维毡;将输水纤维毡和位于水源水面以上的另一部分汲水带的端点连接。该产品和方法能低能耗、高效率地利用水资源,达到对治理区的无能耗输水、涵养水分、防风固沙和防止水分蒸发等的综合效果,且具有环保节能的特点。

Description

聚合物微纳米纤维水分输运微灌方法及其组合产品 技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚合物微纳米纤维水分输运微灌方法及其组合产品,特别是涉及一 种环保节能的用于水分输运微灌的聚合物微纳米纤维组合产品及聚合物微纳米纤维水 分输运微灌方法, 属于环境领域中的荒漠化治理技术领域。 背景技术
1972年联合国环境大会把荒漠化定义为"由于气候变异和人为活动等因素造成的干 旱、 半干旱和亚湿润干旱地区的土地退化"。 土地荒漠化是当今世界公认的重大环境问 题,被列为全球生态环境十大问题之一。 1991年联合国环境规划署对全球荒漠化状况的 评估是:全球荒漠化面积已近 36亿公顷,约占全球陆地面积的 1/4, 已影响到全世界 1/6 的人口 (约 9亿人) , 100多个国家和地区。 而且, 荒漠化扩展的速度快, 全球每年有 600万公顷的土地变为荒漠, 其中 320万公顷是牧场, 250万公顷是旱地, 12.5万公顷 是水浇地, 另外还有 2100万公顷土地因退化而不能生长谷物。 亚洲是世界上受荒漠化 影响的人口分布最集中的地区, 遭受荒漠化影响最严重的国家依次是中国、 阿富汗、 蒙 古、 巴基斯坦和印度。据估计, 今后 50年内将有 1.5亿人被迫迁居, 全世界因荒漠化遭 受的经济损失每年约 260亿美元。
荒漠化土地不但造成严重的土地资源流失, 而且也成为沙尘暴天气的重要来源, 沙 尘暴和生活生产的废气排放造成的高 PM2.5值直接危害人类的健康,荒漠化治理已经提 上各国环境治理的重要日程。
具体而言, 土地荒漠化是由于干旱气候和人为原因导致的土地原有的输水、 涵水、 养分涵养的表皮系统的破坏。土地一般通过其表皮植被根系的茎内维管束吸收和输运水 分, 其本质即为毛细管原理, 同时植物根系通过纤维和土壤内外渗透压差来调节土壤湿 度, 如果将地球比作 "人体" 的话, 那么土地资源可以看作 "人体皮肤" , 植物根系就 可以看作人体的 "毛细血管", 因此可以说 "毛细血管"输送及渗透作用保持了 "地球 皮肤"的水分和养分, 而土地荒漠化则使得植物根系破坏, 毛细管作用减弱或消失, 水 土无法保持, "地球皮肤"其 "毛细血管" 的 "造血输血"功能荡然无存, 再加上原有 的干旱气候, 使得 "地球皮肤"环境走向恶性循环, 因此 "地球皮肤"生态再造刻不容 缓。
荒漠化及沙漠化地区生态恢复最大的难题是缺水, 目前节水技术主要有集水技术、 保水剂蓄水技术、 固体水种植技术、 渗滴管技术等。 集水技术在水资源短缺地区没有意 义; 固体水种植技术对水质较敏感, 二次吸水特性也受到降水量和土壤 Na、 Mg离子副 作用限制; 保水剂仅适合于苗木发芽期, 生长需要浇灌大量水; 滴、 渗、 喷灌技术比浇 水灌溉节水, 但存在保水性差、 铺设成本高、 水分利用不充分等缺点。 近些年来, "液 态地膜"这种方法被广泛应用于干旱, 半干旱地区, 用于固结沙尘, 防治风沙, 其本质 上是将可降解液体洒到土壤中, 形成保护薄膜, 降解后滋润和改善土壤; 还有一种类似 于"尿不湿 "的方法,将吸水高分子材料混合在表层土壤中, 作为土壤保湿剂; 还有"人 工植被"的方法, 将植物根、 茎、 叶和人畜粪便和生活垃圾为原料, 通过特殊工艺, 形 成 "被"状物覆盖在沙漠表面, 使植物和农作物在上面生长。 可见 "膜" 、 "被"方法 具有很强的实用性。
中国矿业大学张增志在 《调解土壤湿度的导水涂层纤维发展现状》 (新材料产业,
2008年第六期, 48-53页)一文中提出对植物纤维进行导水涂层涂覆, 以实现对植物根 系的可调控补水,但其存在以下缺点:一次储水能力有限,对于长期缺水现状无法改善; 使用的纤维材料为植物纤维, 粗纤维自身的毛细作用较差; 易降解腐烂, 无法满足需长 期使用长期供水的环境。
因此, 还没有一种荒漠化治理方法能够完全满足防风固沙的以下要求: (1 )、 固结 或者屏蔽沙尘; (2)、 防止水分蒸发; (3 )、 滋润改善土壤; (4)、 实现植被再造; (5 )、 节能环保、 成本低廉。 发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种聚合物微纳米纤维水分输运微灌 方法及其组合产品。本发明的聚合物微纳米纤维水分输运微灌方法及其组合产品能够使 有限水资源低能耗、 高效率利用, 具有环保节能的特点。
为达上述目的, 本发明提供一种聚合物微纳米纤维组合产品 (即, 一种环保节能型 水分输运微灌系统), 其至少包括: 汲水带、 汲水带配重物、 输水纤维毡、 涵水纤维毡 以及汲水带固定装置。
根据本发明的具体实施方式, 优选地, 上述组合产品还包括固沙纤维毡。
在上述组合产品中, 优选地, 所述汲水带为超细纤维吸水材料通过熔融纺丝法、 闪 蒸纺丝法、熔喷法和静电纺丝法(该静电纺丝法包括溶液静电纺丝法或熔体静电纺丝法) 中的一种或几种方法制成的带子或绳子。
在上述组合产品中, 优选地, 所述超细纤维吸水材料包括尼龙(PA) 、 聚对苯二甲 酸乙二醇酯 (PET) 、 乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物 (EVAL) 、 热塑性聚合物和纤维素的共混材 料以及热塑性聚合物和无机填料的共混材料等中的一种或几种的组合。 其中, 所述无机 填料包括本领域常规使用的起到亲水、拒水或对热塑性聚合物的物理性能起到改性作用 的无机填料。
在上述组合产品中, 优选地, 所述汲水带的纤维平均细度为 ΙΟμιη以下, 所述汲水 带的厚度为 5-100mm。 其中, 所述汲水带的厚度指的是带子的厚度或绳子的直径。
在上述组合产品中, 优选地, 所述汲水带配重物为接近水密度的片状固体。 其可附 着在汲水带上或安装在汲水带内部。
在上述组合产品中, 优选地, 所述汲水带配重物为塑料管材。
根据本发明的具体实施方式, 优选地, 上述组合产品还包括汲水带外包管, 该汲水 带外包管为塑料管材。 该塑料管材包覆于汲水带的表面, 能够提高汲水带的强度。
在本发明的聚合物微纳米纤维组合产品中, 当汲水带配重物为片状固体时, 则该组 合产品还可以包括汲水带外包管以提高汲水带的强度; 当汲水带配重物为塑料管材时, 则该组合产品无需再包括汲水带外包管, 该塑料管材既起到汲水带配重的作用, 又起到 提高汲水带强度的作用。
根据本发明的具体实施方式,优选地,所述汲水带固定装置可以为常规的固定部件, 包括卡套、 扣、 螺钉和螺母、 支架等中的一种或几种的组合; 也可以为在应用本发明的 组合产品时, 就地取材而形成的汲水带固定装置, 如水泥浆形成的汲水带固定装置等。
在上述组合产品中, 优选地, 所述输水纤维毡为亲水材料通过熔融纺丝法、 闪蒸纺 丝法、 熔喷法和静电纺丝法(该静电纺丝法包括溶液静电纺丝法或熔体静电纺丝法) 中 的一种或几种方法制成的纤维毡。 更优选地, 所述输水纤维毡为亲水材料通过熔体静电 纺丝法制成的纤维毡。
在上述组合产品中,优选地,所述亲水材料包括低粘度热塑性亲水聚合物和 /或低粘 度热塑性聚合物的亲水改性材料。 更优选地, 所述亲水材料包括低粘度聚丙烯亲水改性 材料。
在上述组合产品中, 优选地, 所述输水纤维毡的纤维细度为 200ηιη-5μιη, 所述输水 纤维毡的厚度为 0.5-10mm, 所述输水纤维毡的孔隙率为 65%-90%。
在上述组合产品中, 优选地, 所述涵水纤维毡为疏水材料通过熔融纺丝法、 熔喷法 和熔体静电纺丝法中的一种或几种方法制成的纤维毡。 更优选地, 所述涵水纤维毡为疏 水材料通过熔体静电纺丝法制成的纤维毡。
在上述组合产品中, 优选地, 所述疏水材料包括非极性疏水聚合物。 更优选地, 所 述疏水材料包括低粘度聚丙烯和 /或低粘度聚乙烯等。
在上述组合产品中, 优选地, 所述涵水纤维毡的纤维细度为 50ηιη-5μιη, 所述涵水 纤维毡的厚度为 0.5mm-10mm, 所述涵水纤维毡的孔隙率为 65%-90%。
在上述组合产品中, 优选地, 所述固沙纤维毡为具有抗老化剂的低粘度聚合物通过 熔喷法和 /或熔体静电纺丝法制成的纤维毡。其中,所述抗老化剂为本领域常规使用的塑 料抗老化剂。更优选地, 该低粘度聚合物包括低粘度聚丙烯和 /或低粘度聚乙烯等。 固沙 纤维毡材料可以使用具有耐晒添加剂的低粘度聚合物。
在上述组合产品中, 优选地, 所述固沙纤维毡的纤维平均细度为 Ιμιη 以下, 所述 固沙纤维毡的纤维空隙为 350nm以下, 所述固沙纤维毡的孔隙率为 75%以上, 更优选 为 75%-90%。
本发明还提供一种聚合物微纳米纤维水分输运微灌方法,其为采用上述的聚合物微 纳米纤维组合产品进行水分输运微灌的方法(即, 采用上述的环保节能型水分输运微灌 系统进行微灌的方法) , 该方法至少包括以下步骤:
( 1 )、 在汲水带表面或内部安装汲水带配重物, 将安装有汲水带配重物的汲水带浸 于水源中, 使汲水带的一部分浸于水源的水面以下, 并使汲水带的另一部分位于水源的 水面以上, 然后采用汲水带固定装置固定汲水带;
(2)、 将输水纤维毡覆盖于待治理土方上, 并在输水纤维毡下方 100-300mm处设 置涵水纤维毡;
( 3 )、 将输水纤维毡和位于水源的水面以上的另一部分汲水带的端点连接。
在上述的水分输运微灌方法中, 步骤(1 )、 (2)、 ( 3 ) 的操作顺序不受序号的限制, 本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况对步骤 (1 )、 (2)、 ( 3 ) 的操作顺序进行调整。
在本发明的水分输运微灌方法中, 汲水带能够利用毛细管自吸原理, 将水源的水充 满汲水带并运输到与之相连接的输水纤维毡。 汲水带配重物安装在汲水带表面或内部, 以使汲水带的一部分浸入水源中。 输水纤维毡具有纳米级的纤维空隙及卓越的亲水性, 能够提供强大的毛细力进行水分的输运。输水纤维毡通过毛细力作用连续将汲水带汲取 的水均匀分布到其所覆盖的待治理土方中, 待治理土方的土壤、 沙子或沙土内的间隙也 具有毛细力, 土壤、 沙子或沙土逐渐被润湿, 达到一定湿度形成毛细力的平衡便停止水 分输运。 而且输水纤维毡本身也能够起到屏蔽大风对沙地的侵蚀和微尘搬运的作用。
根据本发明的具体实施方式, 优选地, 上述水分输运微灌方法还包括以下步骤: 将 汲水带外包管包覆于汲水带的表面。 在本发明的水分输运微灌方法中, 当采用的汲水带 配重物为片状固体时, 则还可以采用汲水带外包管以提高汲水带的强度; 当采用的汲水 带配重物为塑料管材时, 则无需再采用汲水带外包管, 该塑料管材既起到汲水带配重的 作用, 又起到提高汲水带强度的作用。
在上述水分输运微灌方法中,涵水纤维毡位于距离输水纤维毡下方一定深度的待治 理土方中, 该一定深度是根据待治理土方的深度而确定的, 以保证待治理土方中的植物 根系不破坏该涵水纤维毡, 一般而言, 其位于输水纤维毡下方 100-300mm处。 本发明 的涵水纤维毡起到防止水分向更深层土壤、 沙子或沙土渗透的作用, 保证有限水资源的 充分利用。
根据本发明的具体实施方式, 优选地, 上述水分输运微灌方法还包括以下步骤: 在 输水纤维毡上设置覆盖层。该覆盖层起到固定输水纤维毡、避免输水纤维毡的水分蒸发、 降低输水纤维毡的纤维材料的降解速度等作用。
在上述水分输运微灌方法中, 优选地, 所述覆盖层为厚度 100-200mm 的土层、 沙 层或沙土层。 该土层、 沙层或沙土层中的土壤、 沙子或沙土可以来源于待治理土方。
根据本发明的具体实施方式, 优选地, 上述水分输运微灌方法还包括以下步骤: 在 覆盖层中播撒植物种, 包括草种和 /或树种等, 以形成植被。
根据本发明的具体实施方式, 优选地, 上述水分输运微灌方法还包括以下步骤: 在 覆盖层上设置固沙纤维毡。 当待治理土方为超细沙尘土质待治理土方时, 可以在覆盖层 上设置固沙纤维毡,其可以对 PM2.5粉尘达到 95%以上的过滤效果, 以防止沙尘的迁移 和大气中气凝胶的形成。
在本发明的水分输运微灌方法中, 一般而言, 当在覆盖层中播撒植物种时, 则无需 在覆盖层上设置固沙纤维毡; 当在覆盖层上设置固沙纤维毡时, 则无需在覆盖层中播撒 植物种。
在本发明的水分输运微灌方法中,覆盖有输水纤维毡或覆盖有输水纤维毡和覆盖层 或覆盖有输水纤维毡、覆盖层和固沙纤维毡的待治理土方的表面与未进行水分输运微灌 时的待治理土方的表面在同一水平面上。
根据本发明的具体实施方式, 优选地, 上述水分输运微灌方法包括以下步骤: ( 1 )、 在汲水带表面或内部安装汲水带配重物, 将安装有汲水带配重物的汲水带浸 于水源中, 使汲水带的一部分浸于水源的水面以下, 并使汲水带的另一部分位于水源的 水面以上, 然后采用汲水带固定装置固定汲水带;
(2)、 将地表下方 200-500mm厚度的待治理土方移除, 在其上覆盖涵水纤维毡; ( 3 )、 在涵水纤维毡上覆盖 100-300mm厚度的待治理土方;
(4)、 在覆盖于涵水纤维毡上的待治理土方上覆盖输水纤维毡;
( 5 )、 在输水纤维毡上设置覆盖层;
( 6)、 将输水纤维毡和位于水源的水面以上的另一部分汲水带的端点连接。
在本发明的水分输运微灌方法中, 所述待治理土方是指治理区的土壤、 沙子或沙土 等。 在上述水分输运微灌方法中, 优选地, 浸于水源的水面以下的一部分汲水带的表面 积至少为整个汲水带表面积的 1/2。
在上述水分输运微灌方法中, 优选地, 将输水纤维毡和位于水源的水面以上的另一 部分汲水带的端点连接是通过粘接、 熔接、 编织和夹持中的一种或几种的组合。
在上述水分输运微灌方法中, 优选地, 覆盖于待治理土方上的输水纤维毡为一层或 几层输水纤维毡, 当采用几层输水纤维毡时, 每层输水纤维毡之间填充待治理土方。 采 用几层输水纤维毡能够满足较厚待治理土方的修复。
在上述水分输运微灌方法中, 优选地, 所述水源包括利用深井钻开发的水源、 通过 雨水收集和 /或空气水收集的水、 黄河和 /或黄河支流水域的水源、 井水等。 在本发明中, 水源是指待治理土方附近易被利用的水资源,在沙漠治理中可以是利用深井钻开发的水 源或通过雨水收集和 /或空气水收集的水, 在黄河源沙化治理中可以是黄河和 /或黄河支 流水域的水源,在半干旱、干旱土地治理中可以是井水或通过雨水收集和 /或空气水收集 的水。
本发明的聚合物微纳米纤维水分输运微灌方法利用输水纤维毡的毛细力将水源中 的水分充分输运并微灌到待治理土方中, 能够使有限水资源低能耗、 高效率利用, 同时 可以配合涵水纤维毡等其他产品的使用以及植被播种等, 能够达到对治理区的无能耗输 水、 涵养水分、 防风固沙、 防止水分蒸发等的综合效果, 具有环保节能的特点。 如果将 本发明的用于水分输运微灌的组合产品以及水分输运微灌方法应用于沙漠地区、干旱及 半干旱地区、 黄河源头荒漠区的治理中, 能够有效抑制风沙源头和改善土地表层环境, 达到 "地球皮肤"及其 "毛细血管"再造的目的。 附图说明
图 1为实施例 4的水分输运微灌方法应用示意图。
图 2为实施例 5的水分输运微灌方法应用示意图。
图 3为实施例 6的水分输运微灌方法应用示意图。 主要组件符号说明:
水源 1 汲水带 2 汲水带配重物 3 汲水带固定装置 4
输水纤维毡 5 覆盖层 6 待治理土方 7 涵水纤维毡 8 沙子 9 植被 10 固沙纤维毡 11 具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、 目的和有益效果有更加清楚的理解, 现结合附图对本发 明的技术方案进行以下详细说明, 但不能理解为对本发明的可实施范围的限定。
实施例 1
本实施例提供一种用于水分输运微灌的聚合物微纳米纤维组合产品, 其包括: 汲水 带、 汲水带配重物、 汲水带固定装置、 输水纤维毡以及涵水纤维毡;
其中, 所述汲水带为聚丙烯和 8-15% (以共混材料的总重量为基准) 的亲水母粒 7008P (广州亚雷森高分子材料有限公司制) 的共混材料通过熔体静电纺丝法制成的带 子, 所述汲水带的纤维平均细度为 ΙΟμιη, 所述汲水带的带子厚度为 20mm;
所述汲水带配重物为厚度 50mm的片状聚苯乙烯 (PS ) ;
所述汲水带固定装置包括卡套、 扣以及螺钉和螺母中的一种或几种的组合; 所述输水纤维毡为低粘度聚丙烯亲水改性材料(该低粘度聚丙烯亲水改性材料为低 粘度聚内烯和 8-15% (以共混材料的总重量为基准) 的亲水母粒 7008P (广州亚雷森高 分子材料有限公司制) 的共混材料)通过熔体静电纺丝法制成的纤维毡; 所述输水纤维 毡的纤维平均细度为 3μιη, 所述输水纤维毡的厚度为 2mm, 所述输水纤维毡的孔隙率 为 85%;
所述涵水纤维毡为疏水材料(该疏水材料包括低粘度聚丙烯和 /或低粘度聚乙烯)通 过熔体静电纺丝法制成的纤维毡, 所述涵水纤维毡的纤维细度为 5μη, 所述涵水纤维毡 的厚度为 lmm, 所述涵水纤维毡的孔隙率为 75%。
实施例 2
本实施例提供一种用于水分输运微灌的聚合物微纳米纤维组合产品, 其包括: 汲水 带、 汲水带配重物、 输水纤维毡以及涵水纤维毡;
其中, 所述汲水带为聚丙烯和 8-15% (以共混材料的总重量为基准) 的亲水母粒 7008P (广州亚雷森高分子材料有限公司制) 的共混材料通过熔体静电纺丝法制成的带 子, 所述汲水带的纤维平均细度为 ΙΟμιη以下, 所述汲水带的带子厚度为 50mm; 所述汲水带配重物为厚度 50mm的片状聚苯乙烯 (PS ) ; 所述输水纤维毡为低粘度聚丙烯亲水改性材料(该低粘度聚丙烯亲水改性材料为低 粘度聚丙烯和 8-15% (以共混材料的总重量为基准) 的亲水母粒 7008P (广州亚雷森高 分子材料有限公司制) 的共混材料)通过熔体静电纺丝法制成的纤维毡; 所述输水纤维 毡的纤维平均细度为 2μιη, 所述输水纤维毡的厚度为 3mm, 所述输水纤维毡的孔隙率 为 80%;
所述涵水纤维毡为疏水材料(该疏水材料为低粘度聚丙烯)通过熔体静电纺丝法制 成的纤维毡, 所述涵水纤维毡的纤维平均细度为 2μιη, 所述涵水纤维毡的厚度为 3mm, 所述涵水纤维毡的孔隙率为 80%。
实施例 3
本实施例提供一种用于水分输运微灌的聚合物微纳米纤维组合产品, 其包括: 汲水 带、 汲水带配重物、 汲水带固定装置、 输水纤维毡、 涵水纤维毡以及固沙纤维毡; 其中, 所述汲水带为聚丙烯和 8-15% (以共混材料的总重量为基准) 的亲水母粒 7008P (广州亚雷森高分子材料有限公司制) 的共混材料通过熔体静电纺丝法制成的带 子, 所述汲水带的纤维平均细度为 ΙΟμιη, 所述汲水带的带子厚度为 100mm;
所述汲水带配重物为高强度聚氯乙烯 (PVC) 管;
所述汲水带固定装置为支架;
所述输水纤维毡为低粘度聚丙烯亲水改性材料(该低粘度聚丙烯亲水改性材料为低 粘度聚丙烯和 8-15% (以共混材料的总重量为基准) 的亲水母粒 7008P (广州亚雷森高 分子材料有限公司制) 的共混材料)通过熔体静电纺丝法制成的纤维毡; 所述输水纤维 毡的纤维平均细度为 5μιη, 所述输水纤维毡的厚度为 5mm, 所述输水纤维毡的孔隙率 为 75%;
所述涵水纤维毡为疏水材料(该疏水材料为低粘度聚丙烯)通过熔体静电纺丝法制 成的纤维毡, 所述涵水纤维毡的纤维平均细度为 2μιη, 所述涵水纤维毡的厚度为 3mm, 所述涵水纤维毡的孔隙率为 80%;
所述固沙纤维毡为具有耐晒添加剂的低粘度聚丙烯通过熔体静电纺丝法制成的纤 维毡, 所述固沙纤维毡的纤维平均细度为 Ιμιη, 所述固沙纤维毡的纤维空隙为 350nm 以下, 所述固沙纤维毡的孔隙率为 80%。
实施例 4
本实施例提供一种水分输运微灌方法,其为采用实施例 1的聚合物微纳米纤维组合 产品进行水分输运微灌的方法, 该方法为应用于缺水地区农田的水分输运微灌方法, 以 农村水渠水或地下水作为水源 1, 其包括以下步骤:
( 1 )、 在汲水带 2内部安装汲水带配重物 3, 将安装有汲水带配重物 3的汲水带 2 浸于水源 1中, 使汲水带 2至少有 1/2表面积的部分浸于水源 1的水面以下, 并使汲水 带 2的另一部分位于水源 1的水面以上,然后采用汲水带固定装置 4固定汲水带 2于水 源附件;
(2)、 将地表下方一定厚度的施肥后的待治理土方 7移除, 在其上覆盖输水纤维毡
( 3 )、 在输水纤维毡 5上设置覆盖层 6, 该覆盖层 6为厚度 200mm的土层, 该土 层中的土壤来源于待治理土方 7, 使覆盖有输水纤维毡 5和覆盖层 6的待治理土方 7的 表面与未进行水分输运微灌时的待治理土方 7的表面在同一水平面上;
(4)、 在覆盖层 6中播撒植物种, 包括草种和 /或树种等, 以形成植被 10;
( 5 )、将输水纤维毡 5和位于水源的水面以上的另一部分汲水带 2的端点通过粘接、 熔接、 编织和夹持中的一种或几种方式连接。
在本实施例中, 如果地表下方 500mm以下的土壤的湿度较大, 则无需铺设涵水纤 维层 8。 如果待治理土方 7的土质干旱, 地表下方 500mm以下的土壤的吸水性较强, 则可铺设涵水纤维层 8。
当铺设涵水纤维层 8, 如图 1所示, 本实施例的水分输运微灌方法包括以下步骤:
( 1 )、 在汲水带 2内部安装汲水带配重物 3, 将安装有汲水带配重物 3的汲水带 2 浸于水源 1中, 使汲水带 2至少有 1/2表面积的部分浸于水源 1的水面以下, 并使汲水 带 2的另一部分位于水源 1的水面以上,然后采用汲水带固定装置 4固定汲水带 2于水 源附件;
(2)、将地表下方 300-500mm厚度的待治理土方 7移除,在其上覆盖涵水纤维毡 8 ;
( 3 )、 在涵水纤维毡 8上覆盖 100-300mm厚度的待治理土方 7;
(4)、 在覆盖于涵水纤维毡 8上的待治理土方 7上覆盖输水纤维毡 5 ;
( 5 )、 在输水纤维毡 5上设置覆盖层 6, 该覆盖层 6为厚度 200mm的土层, 该土 层中的土壤来源于待治理土方 7, 使覆盖有输水纤维毡 5和覆盖层 6的待治理土方 7的 表面与未进行水分输运微灌时的待治理土方 7的表面在同一水平面上;
( 6)、 在覆盖层 6中播撒植物种, 包括草种和 /或树种等, 以形成植被 10;
( 7)、将输水纤维毡 5和位于水源的水面以上的另一部分汲水带 2的端点通过粘接、 熔接、 编织和夹持中的一种或几种方式连接。 实施例 5
本实施例提供一种水分输运微灌方法,其为采用实施例 2的聚合物微纳米纤维组合 产品进行水分输运微灌的方法, 该方法为应用于黄河源头荒漠化土地的水分输运微灌方 法, 如图 2所示, 以黄河水及其支流水作为水源 1, 其包括以下步骤:
( 1 )、 在汲水带 2的表面安装汲水带配重物 3 (即, 将厚度 50mm的片状聚苯乙烯 系于汲水带 2的一端),将安装有汲水带配重物 3的汲水带 2浸于水源 1中,使汲水带 2 至少有 1/2表面积的部分紧贴于河的一侧浸于水源 1的水面以下, 并使汲水带 2的另一 部分位于水源 1的水面以上,然后采用水泥浆形成的汲水带固定装置 4固定汲水带 2于 河水沿岸;
(2)、 利用推土机将地表下方 400mm厚度的待治理土方 7移除, 利用铺膜机在其 上覆盖涵水纤维毡 8;
( 3 )、 利用推土机在涵水纤维毡 8上覆盖 300mm厚度的待治理土方 7并整平;
(4)、 利用铺膜机在覆盖于涵水纤维毡 8上的待治理土方 7上覆盖输水纤维毡 5 ;
( 5 )、 在输水纤维毡 5上设置覆盖层 6, 该覆盖层 6为厚度 100mm的沙土层, 该 沙土层中的沙土来源于待治理土方 7, 使覆盖有输水纤维毡 5和覆盖层 6的待治理土方
7的表面与未进行水分输运微灌时的待治理土方 7的表面在同一水平面上;
( 6)、 在覆盖层 6中播撒植物种, 包括草种和 /或树种等, 以形成植被 10;
( 7)、将输水纤维毡 5和位于水源的水面以上的另一部分汲水带 2的端点通过吸水 性胶粘剂连接。
实施例 6
本实施例提供一种水分输运微灌方法,其为采用实施例 3的聚合物微纳米纤维组合 产品进行水分输运微灌的方法, 该方法为应用于阿拉善沙漠地区的水分输运微灌方法, 由于人 U增长、 过渡放牧、 过渡开垦、 土地漫灌等因素, 该地区大面积土地荒漠化, 如 图 3所示, 以利用深井钻开发的地下水作为水源 1, 其包括以下步骤:
( 1 )、 在汲水带 2的表面安装汲水带配重物 3 (即, 将高强度聚氯乙烯管包覆于汲 水带 2的表面, 该高强度聚氯乙烯管不仅作为汲水带配重物 3, 还可以作为汲水带外包 管起到提高汲水带强度的作用), 将安装有汲水带配重物 3的汲水带 2深入地下水井, 浸于水源 1中, 使汲水带 2至少有 1/2表面积的部分浸于水源 1的水面以下, 并使汲水 带 2的另一部分位于水源 1的水面以上,然后采用支架作为汲水带固定装置 4固定汲水 带 2于地下水井; (2)、 将地表下方 400mm厚度的待治理土方 7移除, 在其上覆盖涵水纤维毡 8;
( 3 )、 在涵水纤维毡 8上覆盖 100mm厚度的待治理土方 7;
(4)、 在覆盖于涵水纤维毡 8上的待治理土方 7上覆盖三层输水纤维毡 5, 每层输 水纤维毡 5之间填充待治理土方 7 (即沙层, 每层沙层的厚度为 100mm);
( 5 )、 在最上层的输水纤维毡 5上设置覆盖层 6, 该覆盖层 6为厚度 100mm的沙 层, 该沙层中的沙子 9来源于待治理土方 7;
( 6)、 在覆盖层上设置固沙纤维毡 11, 其可以对 PM2.5粉尘达到 95%以上的过滤 效果, 以防止超细沙尘的在大风天气下的迁移和大气中气凝胶的形成, 使覆盖有输水纤 维毡 5、覆盖层 6和固沙纤维毡 11的待治理土方 7的表面与未进行水分输运微灌时的待 治理土方 7的表面在同一水平面上;
( 7)、将输水纤维毡 5和位于水源的水面以上的另一部分汲水带 2的端点通过粘接、 熔接、 编织和夹持中的一种或几种方式连接。
本实施例的水分输运微灌方法能够有效防止水分蒸发或渗流, 达到水资源的高效利 用, 节省提灌电费, 而且在 3-5年内输水、 涵水及固沙纤维毡不会降解, 荒漠化土地可 逐渐恢复植被。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种聚合物微纳米纤维组合产品, 其至少包括: 汲水带、 汲水带配重物、 输水 纤维毡、 涵水纤维毡以及汲水带固定装置。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的聚合物微纳米纤维组合产品, 所述涵水纤维毡为疏水材 料通过熔融纺丝法、 熔喷法和熔体静电纺丝法中的一种或几种方法制成的纤维毡; 所述 疏水材料包括非极性疏水聚合物; 所述涵水纤维毡的纤维细度为 50ηιη-5μιη, 所述涵水 纤维毡的厚度为 0.5mm-10mm, 所述涵水纤维毡的孔隙率为 65%-90%。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的聚合物微纳米纤维组合产品, 其还包括固沙纤维毡; 所 述固沙纤维毡为具有抗老化剂的低粘度聚合物通过熔喷法和 /或熔体静电纺丝法制成的 纤维毡; 所述固沙纤维毡的纤维平均细度为 Ιμιη 以下, 所述固沙纤维毡的纤维空隙为 350nm以下, 所述固沙纤维毡的孔隙率为 75%-90%。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的聚合物微纳米纤维组合产品, 其中, 所述汲水带为超细 纤维吸水材料通过熔融纺丝法、 闪蒸纺丝法、 熔喷法和静电纺丝法中的一种或几种方法 制成的带子或绳子; 所述超细纤维吸水材料包括尼龙、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、 乙烯- 乙烯醇共聚物、热塑性聚合物和纤维素的共混材料以及热塑性材料和无机填料的共混材 料中的一种或几种的组合; 所述汲水带的纤维平均细度为 ΙΟμιη以下, 所述汲水带的厚 度为 5-100mm。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的聚合物微纳米纤维组合产品, 其中, 所述汲水带配重物 为接近水密度的片状固体或塑料管材。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的聚合物微纳米纤维组合产品, 其还包括汲水带外包管, 该汲水带外包管为塑料管材。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的聚合物微纳米纤维组合产品, 所述汲水带固定装置包括 卡套、 扣、 螺钉和螺母、 支架中的一种或几种的组合。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的聚合物微纳米纤维组合产品, 其中, 所述输水纤维毡为 亲水材料通过熔融纺丝法、 闪蒸纺丝法、 熔喷法和静电纺丝法中的一种或几种方法制成 的纤维毡;所述亲水材料包括低粘度热塑性亲水聚合物和 /或低粘度热塑性聚合物的亲水 改性材料; 所述输水纤维毡的纤维细度为 200ηιη-5μιη, 所述输水纤维毡的厚度为 0.5-10mm, 所述输水纤维毡的孔隙率为 65%-90%。
9、 一种聚合物微纳米纤维水分输运微灌方法, 其为采用权利要求 1-8任一项所述 的聚合物微纳米纤维组合产品进行水分输运微灌的方法, 该方法至少包括以下步骤: ( 1 )、在汲水带表面或内部安装汲水带配重物, 将安装有汲水带配重物的汲水带浸 于水源中, 使汲水带的一部分浸于水源的水面以下, 并使汲水带的另一部分位于水源的 水面以上, 然后采用汲水带固定装置固定汲水带;
(2)、 将输水纤维毡覆盖于待治理土方上, 并在输水纤维毡下方 100-300mm处设 置涵水纤维毡;
( 3 )、 将输水纤维毡和位于水源的水面以上的另一部分汲水带的端点连接。
10、根据权利要求 9所述的聚合物微纳米纤维水分输运微灌方法, 其还包括以下步 骤: 在输水纤维毡上设置覆盖层; 所述覆盖层为厚度 100-200mm 的土层、 沙层或沙土 层。
11、根据权利要求 9所述的聚合物微纳米纤维水分输运微灌方法,其包括以下步骤:
( 1 )、在汲水带表面或内部安装汲水带配重物, 将安装有汲水带配重物的汲水带浸 于水源中, 使汲水带的一部分浸于水源的水面以下, 并使汲水带的另一部分位于水源的 水面以上, 使浸于水源的水面以下的一部分汲水带的表面积至少为整个汲水带的表面积 的 1/2, 然后采用汲水带固定装置固定汲水带;
(2)、 将地表下方 200-500mm厚度的待治理土方移除, 在其上覆盖涵水纤维毡;
( 3 )、 在涵水纤维毡上覆盖 100-300mm厚度的待治理土方;
(4)、 在覆盖于涵水纤维毡上的待治理土方上覆盖输水纤维毡;
( 5 )、 在输水纤维毡上设置覆盖层;
( 6)、 将输水纤维毡和位于水源的水面以上的另一部分汲水带的端点连接。
12、 根据权利要求 10所述的聚合物微纳米纤维水分输运微灌方法, 其还包括以下 步骤: 在覆盖层中播撒植物种或者在覆盖层上设置固沙纤维毡。
13、 根据权利要求 11所述的聚合物微纳米纤维水分输运微灌方法, 其还包括以下 歩骤: 在覆盖层中播撒植物种或者在覆盖层上设置固沙纤维毡。
14、根据权利要求 9所述的聚合物微纳米纤维水分输运微灌方法, 其中, 浸于水源 的水面以下的一部分汲水带的表面积至少为整个汲水带的表面积的 1/2。
15、根据权利要求 9所述的聚合物微纳米纤维水分输运微灌方法, 其中, 将输水纤 维毡和位于水源的水面以上的另一部分汲水带的端点连接是通过粘接、 熔接、 编织和夹 持中的一种或几种的组合。
16、 根据权利要求 11所述的聚合物微纳米纤维水分输运微灌方法, 其中, 将输水 纤维毡和位于水源的水面以上的另一部分汲水带的端点连接是通过粘接、 熔接、 编织和 夹持中的一种或几种的组合。
17、根据权利要求 9所述的聚合物微纳米纤维水分输运微灌方法, 其中, 覆盖于待 治理土方上的输水纤维毡为一层或几层输水纤维毡, 当采用几层输水纤维毡时, 每层输 水纤维毡之间填充待治理土方。
18、 根据权利要求 11所述的聚合物微纳米纤维水分输运微灌方法, 其中, 覆盖于 待治理土方上的输水纤维毡为一层或几层输水纤维毡, 当采用几层输水纤维毡时, 每层 输水纤维毡之间填充待治理土方。
19、根据权利要求 9所述的聚合物微纳米纤维水分输运微灌方法, 其中, 所述水源 包括利用深井钻开发的水源、 通过雨水收集和 /或空气水收集的水、 黄河和 /或黄河支流 水域的水源、 井水。
20、 根据权利要求 11所述的聚合物微纳米纤维水分输运微灌方法, 其中, 所述水 源包括利用深井钻开发的水源、 通过雨水收集和 /或空气水收集的水、 黄河和 /或黄河支 流水域的水源、 井水。
PCT/CN2013/089969 2013-05-03 2013-12-19 聚合物微纳米纤维水分输运微灌方法及其组合产品 WO2014176917A1 (zh)

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