WO2014176814A1 - 交通预警方法、发信机、收信机及交通预警系统 - Google Patents

交通预警方法、发信机、收信机及交通预警系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014176814A1
WO2014176814A1 PCT/CN2013/076798 CN2013076798W WO2014176814A1 WO 2014176814 A1 WO2014176814 A1 WO 2014176814A1 CN 2013076798 W CN2013076798 W CN 2013076798W WO 2014176814 A1 WO2014176814 A1 WO 2014176814A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
information
traffic
warning
traffic warning
component
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Application number
PCT/CN2013/076798
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李庆忠
李巧妹
Original Assignee
Li Qingzhong
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Publication of WO2014176814A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014176814A1/zh

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/09Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
    • G08G1/0962Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
    • G08G1/0967Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits
    • G08G1/096766Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the system is characterised by the origin of the information transmission
    • G08G1/096783Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the system is characterised by the origin of the information transmission where the origin of the information is a roadside individual element
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/09Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
    • G08G1/0962Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
    • G08G1/0967Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits
    • G08G1/096733Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where a selection of the information might take place
    • G08G1/096741Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where a selection of the information might take place where the source of the transmitted information selects which information to transmit to each vehicle
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04HBROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/53Arrangements specially adapted for specific applications, e.g. for traffic information or for mobile receivers
    • H04H20/55Arrangements specially adapted for specific applications, e.g. for traffic information or for mobile receivers for traffic information
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04HBROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/53Arrangements specially adapted for specific applications, e.g. for traffic information or for mobile receivers
    • H04H20/57Arrangements specially adapted for specific applications, e.g. for traffic information or for mobile receivers for mobile receivers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of traffic safety, and in particular to a traffic warning method, a transmitter, a receiver, and a traffic warning system.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Road transportation plays an extremely important role in the operation of the national economy, and is also an important choice for people to travel. As the number of vehicles increases, transportation becomes increasingly crowded and busy, and various road traffic accidents follow. Frequent occurrences, in order to minimize the occurrence of traffic accidents, making full use of various road traffic information to carry out effective traffic safety warnings has become an urgent issue before us. In road traffic activities, various road traffic status information is crucial for the safe driving of the drivers. For the driver, these road traffic information is the warning information with the traffic safety warning value.
  • the sources of such information mainly include the following ways: 1. Road traffic signs, mainly using words or symbols to convey guidance, restrictions, warnings or instructions; 2. Information display on the road, characterized by the displayed fonts usually 4 Large, one uses scrolling and other display modes to display, the history of the horse often does not see the full information content; 3, the motor vehicle on the road failure or traffic accidents, obstructing traffic and difficult to move, the driver opens the dangerous alarm according to regulations
  • the flashing light is set with a warning sign at the specified position behind the vehicle. At the same time, the position light and the rear position light should be turned on at the same time. 4.
  • the vehicle traveler can judge the distance, weather conditions and road traffic condition by the naked eye.
  • the early warning information transmission mode is primitive, and the driver needs to rely on the naked eye to directly observe, so the warning information spread distance Short and inevitably subject to factors such as visual distance, viewing angle, obstacles, driving speed, illuminance, visibility, driver's mental state, glare of the sun, or strong light when driving, causing the warning effect not always It is reliable, and the early warning time is short, the warning distance is close, and it is impossible to provide early warning for traffic conditions outside the visible area. 2.
  • the lack of coordination mechanism of system engineering can not obtain the optimal early warning effect, and the early warning information has no initiative.
  • the traffic sign facility is used to use the transmitting device (transmitter or traffic warning system) to the vehicle by radio waves.
  • the receiving device transmits its traffic sign information and displays or broadcasts the voice to the driver, and, optionally, corresponds to the received specified type of traffic sign information, the receiving device An active alarm signal is sent.
  • a traffic warning method including:
  • the information sender determines and triggers traffic warning information corresponding to the traffic condition information according to the input traffic condition information, and the traffic warning information is triggered by automatic triggering, manual triggering, or cyclically according to a time period;
  • the information sender encodes the traffic warning information according to a preset manner to obtain a traffic warning baseband signal, and uses the traffic warning baseband signal to modulate the carrier to obtain a modulated traffic early warning signal;
  • the information sender uses the broadcast communication method to transmit the modulated modulated traffic warning signal through the transmitting antenna in the form of radio waves in an directional or omnidirectional manner;
  • the information receiver receives the modulated traffic warning signal transmitted in the form of radio waves from a specific direction;
  • the information receiver demodulates the modulated traffic warning signal to obtain a traffic warning baseband signal
  • the information receiving party decodes the traffic warning baseband signal according to a preset manner to obtain the traffic warning information; G.
  • the information receiver makes a corresponding early warning output according to the decoded traffic warning information.
  • the traffic warning method further includes:
  • the traffic information receiver to said warning information is compared with current traffic warning information to be forwarded, if the warning information contained in the traffic to be forwarded to the centralized traffic warning information, shellfish 1 J,
  • each of the information receivers in the hierarchical topology structure transmits the forwarding layer number while relaying the traffic warning information; the information receiver located on the next layer is The traffic warning information relayed and forwarded by the radio receiving, demodulating, and decoding is also obtained by the number of forwarding layers; Sentence
  • the number of the forwarding layers sent by the party is the same, and the number of forwarding layers sent by the receiver is the number of forwarding layers sent by the information receiver located on the upper layer.
  • the traffic warning information includes any one of the following: traffic sign information, traffic control command and guidance information, traffic abnormality information, vehicle speed information, traffic accident warning information, vehicle fault warning information, road parking warning information, and vehicle distance warning information.
  • Meteorological abnormality information road abnormality information, vehicle abnormality information, traveling horse history status information, special vehicle request routing information, dangerous goods transportation vehicle warning information, and hunting information; and/or, preferably, the early warning output includes the following One or more: voice broadcast, text display, pattern display, signal indicator, color prompt, electrical signal output, empty contact output, audible alarm, light alarm, vibration alarm.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a transmitter that adopts the traffic warning method of any of the above,
  • the method includes: an input and trigger component, a first processing component, a modulation component, and a transmitting component; the input and trigger component is configured to provide an input interface for inputting traffic condition information, and determine and trigger according to the input traffic condition information
  • the traffic warning information corresponding to the traffic condition information, the traffic warning information is triggered by an automatic trigger, a manual trigger, or a time cycle;
  • the first processing component is configured to perform the traffic warning information according to a preset manner.
  • the input and trigger component comprises one or more of the following: a button, a selection switch, a communication interface, and an automobile running state collecting circuit
  • the vehicle running state collecting circuit includes one or more of the following: Signal input interface, vehicle speed input interface, hazard alarm flash on signal input interface, engine fault indication signal input interface.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a receiver for employing the traffic warning method of any of the above, comprising: a receiving component, a demodulating component, a second processing component, and an output component; and the receiving component is configured to receive from a specific a modulated traffic warning signal transmitted in the form of a radio wave; the demodulation component is configured to demodulate the modulated traffic warning signal to obtain a traffic warning baseband signal; and the second processing component is configured to follow Decoding a traffic warning baseband signal to obtain the traffic warning information, and generating a corresponding early warning output instruction according to the obtained traffic warning information; the output component is configured to output according to the warning output command The corresponding warning output.
  • the output component comprises one or more of the following: a voice broadcast component, an indicator light, a graphic display, an electrical signal output component, a null contact output component, an audible alarm component, an optical alarm component, and a vibration alarm component.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a traffic warning system using the traffic warning method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising: the transmitter as described above, the receiver as described above; The functions and components of the transmitter and the receiver are combined into an organic unity.
  • the traffic warning system further includes a relay forwarding control component; the relay forwarding control component is configured to control the traffic warning system to perform a maximum forwarding layer limit on the specified traffic warning information. Relay forwarding.
  • the relay forwarding control component compares the traffic warning information received by the traffic warning system with a traffic warning information set that needs to be forwarded, if the traffic warning information is included in the traffic warning that needs to be forwarded If the information is concentrated, and the maximum forwarding layer number setting value is greater than 0, then, if the traffic warning system receives the modulated traffic warning signal, the number of forwarding layers or the number of forwarding layers is less than the set value.
  • the relay forwarding control component controls the traffic early warning system to forward the traffic warning information and simultaneously transmit the number of forwarding layers, and the number of the forwarding layers sent is the number of received forwarding layers plus one, if the traffic If the number of forwarding layers is not included in the modulated traffic warning signal received by the early warning system, the number of forwarding layers sent is 1.
  • the traffic warning method, the transmitter, the receiver and the traffic warning system provided by the invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: the traffic warning method, the transmitter, the receiver and the traffic warning system of the invention,
  • the traffic condition information abstracted according to the specific traffic situation is classified into traffic warning information, and the traffic warning information is triggered by automatic triggering, manual triggering or time-cycle cyclic triggering, using information processing, radio transmission and reception, directional antenna, and broadcast communication.
  • Technologies such as relay forwarding and alarm display process and transmit traffic warning information, broaden the transmission route of traffic warning information, improve the propagation mode, extend the propagation distance, improve the effectiveness of communication and the initiative of information, and realize the relationship between the main bodies of road traffic.
  • Adequate information sharing providing vehicle drivers with road traffic safety early warnings with warning distances up to the kilometer level and warning time up to the minute level before the abnormal situation forms a real danger, assisting the driver to improve the driving Safety, thereby reducing the incidence of traffic accidents in the 4th Absolute quantity, reduce casualties and property losses, and ensure smooth roads;
  • transmission means transmitter or traffic warning system
  • traffic sign facilities to transmit to the receiving device (receiver or traffic warning system) on the vehicle by radio waves
  • the traffic sign information is displayed or broadcasted to the driver by voice, and, optionally, corresponding to the received type of traffic sign information, the receiving device sends an active alarm signal, and the application of the information transmission means can be broadened
  • the transmission route of traffic sign information increase the spread distance of traffic sign information, improve the dissemination effect of traffic sign information, and improve traffic signs
  • the guidance, restrictions, warnings or instructions of the traffic facilities on the traffic behavior to better ensure safe driving and smooth roads.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of a traffic warning system in an embodiment.
  • BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be further described in detail below by way of specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • Embodiment 1 A traffic warning method includes:
  • the information sender determines and triggers traffic warning information corresponding to the traffic condition information according to the input traffic condition information, and the traffic warning information is triggered by automatic triggering, manual triggering, or cyclically according to a time period;
  • the information sender encodes the traffic warning information according to a preset manner to obtain a traffic warning baseband signal, and uses the traffic warning baseband signal to modulate the carrier to obtain a modulated traffic early warning signal;
  • the information sender uses the broadcast communication method to transmit the modulated modulated traffic warning signal through the transmitting antenna in the form of radio waves in an directional or omnidirectional manner;
  • the information receiver receives the modulated traffic warning signal transmitted in the form of radio waves from a specific direction;
  • the information receiver demodulates the modulated traffic warning signal to obtain a traffic warning baseband signal
  • the information receiver decodes the traffic warning baseband signal according to a preset manner to obtain the traffic warning information
  • the information receiver makes a corresponding early warning output according to the decoded traffic warning information.
  • the transmitter adopting the above traffic warning method includes: an input and trigger component, a first processing component, a modulation component, and a transmitting component;
  • the input and trigger component is configured to provide an input interface for inputting traffic condition information, and determine and trigger traffic warning information corresponding to the traffic condition information according to the input traffic condition information, where the traffic warning information passes Automatically triggering, manually triggering, or cyclically triggering according to a time period;
  • the first processing component is configured to encode the traffic warning information according to a preset manner to obtain a traffic warning baseband signal; and the modulation component is configured to use the The traffic warning baseband signal modulates the carrier to obtain a modulated traffic warning signal;
  • the transmitting component is configured to use the broadcast communication method to modulate the modulated traffic early warning signal by using a broadcast antenna, or Omnidirectional launch.
  • a receiver using the above traffic warning method includes: a receiving component, a demodulating component, a second processing component, and an output component; and the receiving component is configured to receive a modulated traffic alert transmitted in the form of radio waves from a specific direction a demodulation component, configured to demodulate the modulated traffic warning signal to obtain a traffic warning baseband signal; and the second processing component is configured to decode the traffic warning baseband signal according to a preset manner, Obtaining the traffic warning information, and performing a corresponding early warning output instruction according to the obtained traffic warning information; the output component is configured to output a corresponding early warning output according to the early warning output instruction.
  • the traffic warning system using the above traffic warning method includes: a transmitter as described above, a receiver as described above; the traffic warning system fuses functions and components of the transmitter and the receiver For the organic unity.
  • the traffic warning method, the transmitter, the receiver and the traffic warning system of the invention are classified into traffic warning information according to the specific traffic situation, and are automatically triggered, manually triggered or time-lapsed.
  • the cycle triggering method triggers traffic warning information, and uses information processing, radio transmission and reception, directional antenna, broadcast communication, relay forwarding, alarm display and other technologies to process and transmit traffic warning information, broaden the transmission route of traffic warning information, and improve the transmission mode.
  • Extended transmission Broadcast distance improve the effectiveness of communication and the initiative of information, realize the full information sharing between the main bodies of road traffic, and provide the vehicle driver with the warning distance up to the kilometer level before the abnormal situation forms a real danger.
  • Early warning of road traffic safety up to the minute assisting the driver to improve the safety of driving, thereby reducing the incidence and absolute number of traffic accidents, reducing casualties and property losses, and ensuring smooth roads;
  • the traffic sign facility uses a transmitting device (transmitter or traffic warning system) to transmit its traffic sign information to the receiving device (receiver or traffic warning system) on the vehicle by radio waves and display or broadcast it to the driver by voice, and
  • the receiving device sends an active alarm signal corresponding to the received traffic sign information of the specified type
  • the application of the information transmission means can broaden the propagation path of the traffic sign information, increase the propagation distance of the traffic sign information, and improve Traffic sign information dissemination effect, improvement Traffic signage facilities guide, restrict, warn or direct traffic behavior to better ensure safe driving and smooth roads.
  • the transmitter, the receiver, and the traffic warning system can be installed as separate devices, installed or placed on vehicles and transportation facilities, especially traffic sign facilities, or independently arranged, or Vehicle control systems, computer-mounted systems, anti-collision systems, autopilot systems, navigation equipment, driving recorders, parking sensors, alarms, other in-vehicle equipment, transportation facilities, especially traffic sign facilities, etc.
  • Multi-functional devices, integrated with vehicles or transportation facilities fall within the scope of the present invention.
  • the traffic warning systems, transmitters, or receivers that are independently disposed and equipped with vehicles or transportation facilities are each functionally complete, have equal status, and are not affiliated with each other.
  • the traffic warning system or the receiver provided on the vehicle needs to receive the warning information issued by the traffic warning system or the transmitter in the target early warning area to complete the early warning function, and the traffic early warning system or the signaling The machine must send its own information to the traffic warning system or the receiver in the target early warning area to meet the needs of the traffic warning system or the receiver in the target early warning area to realize its early warning function.
  • the traffic warning system, the transmitter or the receiver cannot implement the warning function alone; and the traffic warning system or receiver provided on each vehicle only needs to receive the traffic warning system or the target in the target early warning area.
  • the warning information issued by the letter machine can complete the early warning function, and the realization of the early warning function does not require the assistance of other facilities other than the traffic warning system, the transmitter or the receiver.
  • These working methods determine the method of traffic warning, The distribution characteristics of the traffic warning system consisting of a transmitter, a receiver, and a traffic warning system. Since only traffic warning information from traffic participants such as other vehicles and transportation facilities has an early warning value to the user of the traffic warning system, the traffic warning system has the functions of transmitting radio signals and receiving radio signals.
  • a traffic warning method includes the following steps: Step 101: An information sender 4 determines and triggers traffic warning information according to traffic condition information; traffic condition information is related to road traffic conditions, vehicle conditions, and transportation facilities.
  • Traffic warning information includes early warnings for various abstract traffic conditions Information, such as: traffic sign information, traffic control command and guidance information, traffic anomaly information, vehicle speed information, traffic accident warning information, vehicle failure warning information, road parking warning information, distance warning information, weather anomaly information, road abnormal information, vehicle Abnormal information, driving status information, special vehicle request routing information, dangerous goods transport vehicle warning information, and call for help information.
  • traffic warning information is not limited to the above listed areas. As long as it is a traffic situation related to traffic conditions or may affect driving behavior, it can be abstracted and classified to determine its corresponding traffic warning information. The above mentioned abnormalities are relative to the normal state.
  • the automatic input device can be: communication interface, car operation ⁇ ) state acquisition circuit, the acquisition circuit includes: safety air opening signal input interface, speed input interface, danger alarm flash signal input interface, engine fault indication signal input interface
  • Traffic accident warning information is automatically input by the vehicle when the safety air is turned on
  • the manual input device can be a button, a selection switch, etc., and the user manually inputs traffic warning information, such as: traffic sign information, traffic control command guidance information by Traffic management personnel input, road parking warning information, special vehicle request routing information input by the driver, and so on.
  • the traffic warning information does not contain the specific details of the traffic situation, but the classification and commonality of the specific traffic conditions.
  • the traffic warning information involved in the next steps is a generalized warning information.
  • the receiver only obtains abstract traffic warning information, and cannot obtain the specific content of the traffic situation corresponding to the traffic warning information.
  • a traffic warning message indicates a type of traffic condition information, such as: Road anomaly information can correspond to: a series of traffic condition information such as road congestion, road maintenance, and road obstacles.
  • a traffic ⁇ ) information can also determine multiple traffic warning information correspondingly, for example: On-site traffic accidents can determine: road warning information, traffic accident warning information and other traffic warning information.
  • the triggering method of traffic warning information includes manual triggering, automatic triggering or cyclic triggering according to time cycle.
  • traffic warning information is triggered at the same time as traffic warning information is input.
  • the manual triggering may adopt a button, a selection switch, etc., and input traffic warning information by manually inputting and manually selecting among various preset traffic warning information, and the traffic warning information is triggered accordingly; for example: the vehicle 3 history entry In the fog area, the traffic warning information of the weather abnormality information is manually triggered; when the driver and the vehicle are in a difficult situation, the rescue information is manually triggered.
  • the automatic triggering can automatically trigger the traffic warning information according to whether a certain indicator conforms to the standard value, and obtain the traffic warning information from the running state of the vehicle using automatic triggering. For example: Car safety will automatically trigger a traffic accident warning message.
  • the interval time of the cyclic trigger can be set for the specific traffic warning information, and the traffic warning information is triggered when the predetermined cycle trigger interval time is reached. For example, if the transmitter installed on the traffic sign facility reaches the scheduled cycle trigger interval, the traffic sign information is triggered.
  • the same type of traffic warning information triggered under different conditions may also change, for example: 4 depending on road traffic conditions, weather conditions, vehicle type, type of own vehicle, and line 3 history status, etc.
  • Step 102 The information sender encodes the triggered traffic warning information according to a preset manner to obtain a traffic warning baseband signal;
  • the existing coding technology is used to encode the traffic warning information, and the traffic warning information is encoded, that is, the traffic warning information is converted into a predetermined electrical pulse signal for transmission by the electrical signal.
  • the preset mode of the encoding is arbitrarily selected in the existing encoding technology, and can be arbitrarily set as long as it can ensure that the preset mode achieves sharing information between the transmitting and receiving parties during encoding and decoding.
  • Step 103 The information sender uses the encoded traffic warning baseband signal to modulate the carrier to obtain the modulated traffic warning signal; the modulated traffic early warning signal obtained through the modulation process carries the traffic warning baseband signal, and then carries the traffic warning Information; In order to improve the anti-multipath propagation effect and the co-frequency performance of the radio signal propagation link in the subsequent steps, the modulation technique preferably uses coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (COFDM), which is a prior art.
  • COFDM coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • Step 104 The information sender uses the broadcast communication method to transmit the modulated traffic warning signal through the transmitting antenna in the form of radio waves in an directional or omnidirectional manner; the broadcast communication method is used to achieve sufficient information.
  • the radio wave adopts a directional or omnidirectional transmission mode, and the direction selected by the orientation is based on the direction in which the vehicle travels, and the omnidirectional direction means that the intensity of the radio wave is the same in all directions, and there is no directivity.
  • Different traffic warning information is used for directional or omnidirectional transmission to improve the target of early warning, reduce or even eliminate false alarms and false alarms.
  • the traffic sign information is sent in the direction of the vehicle, the special vehicle requests the line information to be sent to the driving direction, and the sending of the call information is not square.
  • the information sender chooses to use the pre-planned shared channel or exclusive channel according to the type of the early warning information carried by the information. For example: traffic accident warning information is transmitted using a shared channel, traffic control command guidance information, traffic sign information is transmitted using an exclusive channel; preferably, in order to make the relevant electronic circuit easy to process electronic signals, the carrier in step 103 selects a lower frequency, and then Using the difference frequency technology, the carrier frequency of the modulated traffic warning signal is converted into the frequency of the pre-planned channel; the difference frequency technology is implemented by using the prior art; The launch of radio waves is carried out using existing technology.
  • Step 105 The information receiver receives the modulated traffic warning signal transmitted in the form of radio waves from a specific direction.
  • the specific direction is a direction in which the vehicle travels as a reference, and the direction in which the vehicle travels is used as a reference.
  • the traffic situation existing or occurring on the vehicle poses a different degree of threat to the safety history of the vehicle.
  • targeted attention to the traffic warning information sent in a specific direction can make more usable.
  • the warnings for example, receiving warning signs of traffic accidents issued in the front, receiving special vehicle request information sent from the rear, receiving call information sent in all directions, etc., are all aimed at improving the pertinence and reliability of the warning, reducing false alarms. And the situation of the police.
  • the carrier frequency of the received modulated traffic warning signal is converted to a lower frequency using a differential frequency technique; the reception of the radio wave is carried out using existing techniques.
  • Step 106 The information receiver demodulates the modulated traffic warning signal to obtain a traffic warning baseband signal; the demodulation is implemented by using the prior art, and the traffic warning baseband signal carried by the modulated traffic warning signal is reproduced by demodulation.
  • Step 107 The information receiver decodes the traffic warning baseband signal according to a preset manner to obtain traffic warning information; the decoding is an inverse process of the coding, which is implemented by using the prior art, and the preset mode of decoding is the preset mode encoded in step 102.
  • the traffic warning baseband signal that is, the specific electric pulse signal is converted into the corresponding traffic warning information, thereby realizing the transmission and sharing of the traffic warning information between the information sender and the information receiver.
  • the information receiving party makes a corresponding early warning output according to the decoded traffic warning information; the early warning output includes various displays or alarms, such as: voice broadcast, text display, pattern display, signal indicator, color indication, electrical signal output, empty Contact output, audible alarm, optical alarm, vibration alarm, etc., are the direct link for the driver to use the traffic warning method to obtain early warning information.
  • the above warning output is divided into an early warning output to the driver and an early warning output to the in-vehicle device.
  • the warning output issued by the history of the horse includes: positive warning, such as: light alarm, sound alarm, the role is to issue an alarm signal, is an active prompt behavior, can attract users' attention in a prominent way, and accept specific Information, their activation corresponds to the arrival of information, the arrival of the instruction corresponding to the user or the arrival of the preset time; negative warning, such as: signal indicator, graphic display, not active, requires the user to observe independently to obtain information
  • positive warning such as: light alarm, sound alarm, the role is to issue an alarm signal, is an active prompt behavior, can attract users' attention in a prominent way, and accept specific Information, their activation corresponds to the arrival of information, the arrival of the instruction corresponding to the user or the arrival of the preset time
  • negative warning such as: signal indicator, graphic display, not active, requires the user to observe independently to obtain information
  • the effectiveness of these warnings corresponds to the existence of information, and the cancellation corresponds to the disappearance of information.
  • the warnings issued to the vehicle-mounted equipment include electrical signal output, empty contact
  • Embodiment 3 Continuing steps 101-107 in Embodiment 2, in order to give full play to the early warning function of traffic warning information that is directly significant to driving safety, and to amplify the early warning effect, the information receiver is receiving such traffic.
  • the traffic warning information is forwarded in multiple layers by a hierarchical topology structure among a plurality of the information receivers, with the relay forwarding At the layer level, such traffic warning information is further propagated to a farther place, so that the information receiver receiving the forwarding information increases the warning distance, thereby obtaining a longer warning time, and the safety benefit brought by the traffic safety warning is more significant.
  • the traffic warning information is forwarded to infinity, the early warning value of the information will be reduced to zero, and the entire early warning system will be negatively affected, resulting in a large number of false alarms and reducing the reliability of the early warning.
  • Step 201 The information receiving party receives the modulated traffic warning signal, demodulates and decodes the traffic warning information, and obtains the traffic warning information, and does not obtain the forwarding layer number.
  • the information sent by the sender of the warning information is information determined and triggered by itself, rather than the forwarded information, that is: the traffic warning information has not been forwarded;
  • Step 202 the information received by the information receiver A
  • the warning information is compared with the traffic warning information set that needs to be forwarded; if the traffic warning information is included in the traffic warning information set that needs to be forwarded, step 203 is performed.
  • Step 203 The information receiver A forwards the traffic warning information for the first time; the specific operation is: the information receiver A determines that it is the first forwarding, and then determines that the number of forwarding layers to be sent is 1; the information receiver A will The traffic warning information and the number of forwarding layers (1) are coded and modulated according to a preset manner to obtain a modulated traffic warning signal that needs to be transmitted by itself; the information receiver A uses a broadcast communication method to pass the modulated traffic warning signal through the transmitting antenna. Oriented or omnidirectional transmission in the form of radio waves.
  • Step 204 The information receiver B receives the modulated traffic warning signal sent by the information receiver A, demodulates and decodes the traffic warning information and the forwarding layer number (1); Step 205, the information receiver B will obtain The traffic warning information is compared with the traffic warning information set that needs to be forwarded, and the traffic warning information is included in the traffic warning information set that needs to be forwarded; meanwhile, the number of received forwarding layers (1) is smaller than the preset maximum forwarding layer (2) Then, step 206 is performed. Step 206: The information receiver B forwards the traffic warning information for the second time.
  • the specific operation is as follows:
  • the information receiver B determines, according to the number of forwarding layers received (1), that the number of forwarding layers to be sent is 2; the information receiver B
  • the traffic warning information and the number of forwarding layers (2) are encoded and modulated according to a preset manner to obtain a modulated traffic warning signal that needs to be transmitted by itself;
  • the information receiver B uses the broadcast communication method to transmit the modulated traffic warning signal through the transmitting antenna in the form of radio waves in an directional or omnidirectional manner.
  • Step 207 the information receiver C receives the modulated traffic warning signal sent by the information receiver B, demodulates and decodes it to obtain the traffic warning information and the forwarding layer number (2);
  • Step 208 the information receiver C will get The traffic warning information is compared with the traffic warning information set that needs to be forwarded, and the traffic warning information is included in the traffic warning information set that needs to be forwarded; however, the number of received forwarding layers (2) is equal to the preset maximum number of forwarding layers (2) The information receiver C does not forward the traffic warning information.
  • the relay forwarding of the preset maximum forwarding layer for the traffic warning information for the same traffic situation information is completed.
  • the traffic warning system further includes a relay forwarding control component, and the relay forwarding control component is configured to forward the traffic warning information received by the traffic warning system and needs to be forwarded.
  • the relay forwarding control component controls the traffic warning system to forward the traffic warning information and simultaneously send the forwarding layer.
  • the number of the forwarding layers sent is 1 for the number of forwarding layers received, and if the number of forwarding layers is not included in the modulated traffic warning signal received by the traffic warning system, the number of forwarding layers sent is 1 .
  • Embodiment 4 A transmitter with a traffic sign as an example A transmitter, such as a traffic sign, a pattern and a text for displaying a logo pattern, a panel of a text, and a traffic sign with an ordinary road traffic sign, and an embodiment 1 is integrated on the back of the pattern and the text.
  • the directional transmitting antenna of the transmitter is installed on the side of the signboard, and the direction of the antenna points to the direction in which the sign panel has a pattern and a side of the text, and the traffic sign can pass radio waves.
  • the cyclic transmission time interval is set, and the interval is preferably 10 seconds.
  • the receiver After the power is turned on, the receiver transmits the current working information, that is, the specific traffic sign information of the traffic sign, at intervals of 10 seconds;
  • the vehicle in the receiver or the traffic warning system is sent by the horse in the traffic sign.
  • the coverage of the traffic warning signal is modulated, the traffic sign information sent by the traffic warning signal is received, and the traffic sign information is displayed through the graphic display, and the yellow indicator light is flashed to cause the driver to pay attention to the display. Traffic sign information.
  • the receiver or traffic warning system receives traffic sign information that is directly significant to driving safety, it also emits a beep through the buzzer. Alternatively, the receiver or traffic warning system can also receive the message.
  • the traffic sign information is broadcast to the driver by voice; the solar power supply device is implemented by the prior art; the traffic sign transmits the traffic sign information to the traffic warning system or the receiving device on the vehicle by radio waves in a broadcast communication manner.
  • the vehicle realizes that the traffic sign facility transmits its traffic sign information to the receiving device on the vehicle through radio waves and displays or broadcasts the message to the driver, and the receiving device sends an active alarm signal corresponding to the received type of traffic sign information.
  • This traffic sign can broaden the transmission route of traffic sign information, increase the spread distance of traffic sign information, improve the dissemination effect of traffic sign information, and improve the guidance, restriction, warning or indicating effect of traffic sign facilities on traffic behavior, better Safe driving and smooth roads.
  • Embodiment 5 A traffic warning system, functionally divided into the following modules (shown in Figure 1) ), power module, input module 2, information processing, control module 3, modem module 4, radio transmitting and receiving module (RF module) 5, output module 6.
  • the first processing component, the second processing component, and the relay forwarding control component are synthesized as The information processing, control module 3, the modulation component and the demodulation component are synthesized into a modem module 4, and the transmitting component and the receiving component are synthesized into a radio transmitting and receiving module (RF module) 5, the input and trigger component is an input module 2, and an output component That is, the output module 6.
  • the circuit configuration and specific working mode of each functional module are as follows:
  • the power module provides the working power required by the traffic warning system, and is input interface of 12V DC power supply, 12V/5V voltage conversion circuit, rechargeable lithium battery, lithium battery
  • the charging control circuit is composed of.
  • the power module receives a 12V DC power supply from an independent circuit in the car insurance box, and supplies the power required for the operation of the traffic warning system and the charging power of the rechargeable lithium battery, and the traffic warning system is caused by an accident in the extraction vehicle. In the abnormal situation where the 12V DC power supply is lost, the rechargeable lithium battery is powered by the rechargeable lithium battery to ensure that the accident information is reliably transmitted to the outside.
  • the input module 2 is composed of a keyboard and a vehicle state information collection interface circuit.
  • the keyboard includes accidents, vehicle failure, weather anomaly, road abnormality, abnormal driving status, special vehicles, permanent traffic, dangerous goods transport, call for help, etc. Buttons such as button and stop signal, and sound and light alarm signal release are used for manual intervention of the traffic warning system.
  • the vehicle state information collection interface circuit includes a vehicle speed input interface, a safety air opening signal input interface, a danger alarm flashing on signal input interface, and an engine fault indication signal input interface, and all input interface circuits use an optocoupler isolation circuit to prevent external interference. Intrusion of the signal.
  • the function of the input module 2 is to control the signaling, the suspension of the traffic warning system, the silence of the alarm signal, and the like.
  • the information processing and control module 3 is composed of a microprocessor, a memory and an auxiliary circuit, and is responsible for processing and inputting information input by the input module 2 to the modem module 4, and also processing the modem.
  • the information transmitted by the module 4 is transmitted to the output module 6. If the received information is warning information directly related to driving safety, the information processing and control module 3 will immediately control the automatic relay of the system. Forward the warning class information to increase the warning distance of the warning class information.
  • the information processing and control module 3 is also responsible for the operational control of the traffic warning system.
  • the modem module 4 is composed of a modulation, demodulation circuit, an intermediate frequency generator circuit, and the like, and is responsible for modulating data transmitted from the signal processing module 3 to an intermediate frequency signal (preferably, the frequency of the intermediate frequency signal is selected to be 30 MHz). And transmitting to the radio transmitting and receiving module (radio frequency module) 5, and simultaneously demodulating the intermediate frequency signal generated by the radio transmitting and receiving module (radio frequency module) 5 after receiving the radio frequency signal and transmitting the demodulated data to The signal processing module 3.
  • the modulation and modulation of the signal adopts Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation (COFDM) to improve the multipath propagation and co-channel interference performance.
  • COFDM Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation
  • the radio transmitting and receiving module (RF module) 5 includes a radio frequency transceiver circuit and an antenna, and is responsible for transmitting the modulated intermediate frequency signal and the radio frequency local oscillator signal (preferably, the centimeter band) of the modulation and demodulation module 4 After being transmitted by the antenna, the radio frequency signal received by the antenna is also frequency-divided into an intermediate frequency signal and transmitted to the modem module 4.
  • the antenna has directivity, and is composed of a forward antenna and a backward antenna.
  • the backward antenna is a transmitting antenna, and the traffic warning system transmits information to the rear of the vehicle, and the forward antenna is a receiving antenna for receiving the preceding vehicle. Information sent.
  • the output module 6 is composed of an output interface, a liquid crystal display, an indicator light, an audio driving circuit and a speaker, and is responsible for displaying or using voice to broadcast information received by the traffic warning system and processed by each module circuit, and displaying the traffic warning system. a working state, an audible and visual alarm signal corresponding to the received warning type information, and an optional linkage device (such as an infrared camera, a forward radar, an anti-collision system, an automatic driving history system, etc.) activated by the output interface, Realize the coordination between the traffic safety early warning system and the vehicle safety control and emergency treatment system, and then optimize the traffic safety intervention effect.
  • the output interface circuit uses an optocoupler isolation circuit to prevent intrusion of external interfering signals.
  • the manner in which the traffic warning system initiates the transmission includes: automatically starting the communication according to the preset condition of the vehicle, manually starting the communication by the user, and starting the transmission according to a preset time period.
  • the traffic warning system independent of each other transmits information by means of radio waves through radio waves; the modulation method of the carrier, preferably, using coded orthogonal frequency division modulation (COFDM) to improve multipath propagation resistance Effect and co-channel interference performance; According to the type of warning information sent, choose to send through a pre-planned shared channel or exclusive channel.
  • COFDM coded orthogonal frequency division modulation
  • the information received by the traffic warning system is processed by an internal logic to be displayed by an indicator light or a display screen or broadcasted to the user by voice, and a specific kind of information is received (preferably, a warning directly related to driving safety is received) Class information), the traffic warning system immediately sends an audible and visual alarm to the user and automatically relays the warning information to increase its warning distance, and the distributed early warning system composed of the traffic early warning system in the target early warning area
  • the maximum number of forwarding layers is limited by an artificially preset value (the purpose is to limit the farthest distance that the warning information is transmitted to the far side to avoid false alarms).
  • the traffic warning system can be manufactured into an information receiving function and an information sending function.
  • the integrated device can also be manufactured as a device for transmitting information and separating information receiving functions, that is, a transmitter and a receiver; the traffic warning system can be manufactured as a separate device, installed or placed in a vehicle and traffic.
  • computing devices which may be centralized on a single computing device or distributed over a network of computing devices, optionally implemented in program code executable by the computing device, such that They are stored in a storage device by a computing device, or they are separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or a plurality of modules or steps thereof are fabricated into a single integrated circuit module.
  • program code executable by the computing device such that They are stored in a storage device by a computing device, or they are separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or a plurality of modules or steps thereof are fabricated into a single integrated circuit module.
  • the invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
  • the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

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Abstract

一种交通预警方法、发信机、收信机及交通预警系统,属于交通安全领域,通过自动或手动或按时间周期循环触发,使用信息处理、无线电收发、定向天线、广播式通信、中继转发、报警显示等技术处理并传递交通预警信息,拓宽传播途径、改进传播方式、延长传播距离、提高传播的有效性和信息的主动性,实现道路交通各主体之间充分的信息共享,为车辆驾驶人提供在异常情况形成现实危险之前的、预警距离最远达公里级的、预警时间最长达分钟级的交通安全早期预警;同时实现交通标志设施通过无线电波向车辆上的接收装置传递其交通标志信息并输出给驾驶人,且,可选地,对应于收到的指定种类的交通标志信息,所述接收装置发出主动告警信号。

Description

交通预警方法、 发信机、 收信机及交通预警系统 技术领域 本发明涉及交通安全领域, 具体而言, 涉及一种交通预警 方法、 发信机、 收信机及交通预警系统。 背景技术 道路交通运输在国民经济运行中 担着极其重要的角色, 也是人们出行的一个重要选择方式, 随着车辆保有量的增多, 交通运输变得日益拥挤、 繁忙, 各种道路交通事故随之频繁发 生, 为了最大限度地避免交通事故的发生, 充分利用各种道路 交通状况信息来进行有效的交通安全预警成为摆在我们面前的 一个紧迫课题。 在道路交通活动中, 各种道路交通状况信息对驾 3史人的安 全驾驶至关重要, 对驾驶人来说, 这些道路交通状况信息就是 具有交通安全预警价值的预警信息。 目前, 这类信息的来源主 要包括如下途径: 1、 道路交通标志, 主要使用文字或符号来传 递引导、 限制、 警告或指示信息; 2、 道路上的信息显示牌, 特 点是显示的字体通常 4艮大, 一 采用滚动等显示方式显示, 驾 马史人经常看不全信息的内容; 3、机动车在道路上发生故障或者 发生交通事故, 妨碍交通又难以移动的, 驾驶人按照规定开启 危险报警闪光灯并在车后规定位置设置警告标志, 夜间还应当 同时开启示廓灯和后位灯; 4. 车辆驾马史人靠肉眼判断车距、 天 气情况、 路面交通状况。 面对这些预警信息, 驾驶人会做出自 发的、 朴素的交通安全预警, 用以指导自己的驾驶行为, 改善 行车的安全' I "生。 上述驾 3史人的交通安全预警行为自然存在于其驾 3史行为中, 是保证安全行车的重要环节, 但该预警行为带有明显的、 无法 克服的局限: 1、 预警信息传播方式原始, 需要驾驶人依靠肉眼 直接观察, 因而预警信息传播距离短且不可避免地会受到可视 距离、 视角、 障碍物、 行驶速度、 光照度、 能见度、 驾驶人精 神状态、 刺眼的阳光或会车时的强光等因素的严重影响, 导致 其预警效果不总是可靠,而且获得的预警时间短、预警距离近, 且无法针对可视区域外的交通状况做出预警; 2、缺乏系统工程 的协调机制, 无法获得最优化的预警效果, 预警信息没有主动 性, 只能被动地等待驾驶人通过人体感觉器官感知, 产生预警 信息的主体和车辆驾 3史人之间没有更有效的信息传递渠道, 驾 马史人也无法在自车发生事故及异常的情况下主动向可视区域外 的其他车辆发出预警信息或在正常驾马史过程中接收到其他交通 参与主体在可视区域外发出的预警信息, 使得预警效果大打折 扣。驾驶人预警行为的这些局限往往会导致连环车祸频繁发生, 造成大量人员伤亡和财产损失, 同时还导致道路交通的阻断。 发明内容 本发明的目的在于提供一种交通预警方法、 发信机、 收信 机及交通预警系统, 使用信息处理、 无线电收发、 定向天线、 广播式通信、 中继转发、 报警显示等技术处理并传递交通预警 信息, 拓宽其传播途径、 改进传播方式、 延长传播距离、 提高 传播的有效性和信息的主动性, 实现道路交通各主体之间充分 的信息共享, 为车辆驾驶人提供在异常情况形成现实危险之前 的、 预警距离最远达公里级的、 预警时间最长达分钟级的道路 交通安全早期预警; 同时实现交通标志设施使用发送装置 (发 信机或交通预警系统) 通过无线电波向车辆上的接收装置 (收 信机或交通预警系统)传递其交通标志信息并显示或用语音播 报给驾驶人, 且, 可选地, 对应于收到的指定种类的交通标志 信息, 所述接收装置发出主动告警信号。 在本发明的实施例中提供了一种交通预警方法, 包括:
A.信息发送方根据输入的交通状况信息确定并触发与所述 交通状况信息相对应的交通预警信息, 所述交通预警信息通过 自动触发、 手动触发或按时间周期循环触发;
B.所述信息发送方将所述交通预警信息按照预设方式进行 编码, 得到交通预警基带信号, 使用所述交通预警基带信号对 载波进行调制得到已调制交通预警信号;
C.所述信息发送方使用广播式的通信方式, 将调制得到的 已调制交通预警信号通过发射天线以无线电波的形式进行定向 或全向的发射;
D.信息接收方接收从特定方向以无线电波的形式传送来的 已调制交通预警信号;
E.所述信息接收方对所述已调制交通预警信号进行解调得 到交通预警基带信号;
F. 所述信息接收方按照预设方式对所述交通预警基带信 号进行解码, 得到所述交通预警信息; G.所述信息接收方根据解码得到的所述交通预警信息作出 相应的预警输出。 优选的, 在 F之后, 所述交通预警方法还包括:
H. 所述信息接收方将所述交通预警信息与需要转发的交 通预警信息集相比较, 如果所述交通预警信息包含在所述需要 转发的交通预警信息集中, 贝1 J ,
I . 在多个所述信息接收方之间以层次式拓朴结构单向逐 层对针对同一个交通状况信息的所述交通预警信息进行多层数 的中继转发, 所述交通预警信息被中继转发的最大层数为设定 值。 优选的, 每一个处在所述层次式拓朴结构中的所述信息接 收方在中继转发所述交通预警信息的同时还发送转发层数; 位于下一层上的所述信息接收方在通过无线电接收、解调、 解码得到中继转发来的所述交通预警信息的同时还得到转发层 数; 发送 ?句
方所发送的所述转发层数则相同, 所 i述t信 ί息接收方发送的塞所述^ 转发层数为位于上一层上的所述信息接收方发送的转发层数加
1 , 位于第一层上的所述信息接收方发送的转发层数为 1 ; 如果所述信息接收方接收到的转发层数等于所述设定值, 或如果所述设定值为 0, 则所述信息接收方不转发所述交通预 警信息。 优选的, 所述交通预警信息包括以下任一种: 交通标志信 息、 交通管制指挥引导信息、 交通异常信息、 车速信息、 交通 事故警告信息、 车辆故障警戒信息、 路面停车警戒信息、 车距 警示信息、 气象异常信息、 道路异常信息、 车辆异常信息、 行 马史状态信息、特种车辆请求让行信息、危险品运输车警示信息、 呼丈信息; 和 /或, 优选的, 所述预警输出包括以下一种或多种: 语音播艮、 文字显示、 图案显示、 信号灯指示、 颜色提示、 电信号输出、 空接点输出、 声音报警、 光报警、 振动报警。 本发明实施例还提供了一种采用上述任一项的交通预警方 法的发信机, 包括: 输入与触发组件、 第一处理组件、 调制组件、 发射 组件; 所述输入与触发组件, 用于提供输入交通状况信息的输入 界面, 并艮据输入的所述交通状况信息确定并触发与所述交通 状况信息相对应的交通预警信息, 所述交通预警信息通过自动 触发、 手动触发或按时间周期循环触发; 所述第一处理组件, 用于将所述交通预警信息按照预设方 式进行编码, 得到交通预警基带信号; 所述调制组件, 用于使用所述交通预警基带信号对载波进 行调制得到已调制交通预警信号; 所述发射组件, 用于将调制得到的已调制交通预警信号, 使用广播式的通信方式, 通过发射天线以无线电波的形式进行 定向或全向的发射。 优选的,所述输入与触发组件包括以下一种或多种:按键、 选择开关、 通讯接口、 汽车运行状态采集电路, 所述汽车运行 状态采集电路包括以下一种或多种: 安全气嚢打开信号输入接 口、 车速输入接口、 危险报警闪光灯开启信号输入接口、 发动 机故障指示信号输入接口。 本发明实施例还提供了一种采用上述任一项的交通预警方 法的收信机, 包括: 接收组件、 解调组件、 第二处理组件和输 出组件; 所述接收组件, 用于接收从特定方向以无线电波的形式传 送来的已调制交通预警信号; 所述解调组件, 用于对所述已调制交通预警信号进行解调 得到交通预警基带信号; 所述第二处理组件, 用于按照预设方式对所述交通预警基 带信号进行解码, 得到所述交通预警信息, 并根据得到的所述 交通预警信息作出相应的预警输出指令; 所述输出组件, 用于根据所述预警输出指令输出相应的预 警输出。 优选的, 所述输出组件包括以下一种或多种: 语音播艮组 件、指示灯、 图文显示器、 电信号输出组件、 空接点输出组件、 声音报警组件、 光报警组件、 振动报警组件。 本发明实施例还提供了一种采用上述任一项所述的交通预 警方法的交通预警系统, 包括: 如上所述的发信机、 如上所述的收信机; 所述交通预警系统将所述发信机和所述收信机的功能和组 件融合为有机的统一体。 优选的,所述的交通预警系统,还包括中继转发控制组件; 所述中继转发控制组件, 用于控制所述交通预警系统对指 定的所述交通预警信息进行有最大转发层数限制的中继转发。 优选的, 所述中继转发控制组件将所述交通预警系统接收 到的所述交通预警信息与需要转发的交通预警信息集相比较, 如果所述交通预警信息包含在所述需要转发的交通预警信息集 中, 且最大转发层数设定值大于 0, 则, 进一步, 如果所述交 通预警系统接收到的所述已调制交通预警信号中不包含转发层 数或转发层数小于所述设定值, 则, 所述中继转发控制组件控 制所述交通预警系统转发所述交通预警信息并同时发送转发层 数, 发送的所述转发层数为接收到的转发层数加 1 , 如果所述 交通预警系统接收到的所述已调制交通预警信号中不包含转发 层数, 则发送的转发层数为 1。 本发明提供的交通预警方法、 发信机、 收信机及交通预警 系统, 能够达到如下的有益效果: 本发明的交通预警方法、发信机、收信机和交通预警系统, 4巴才艮据具体交通情况抽象化出来的交通状况信息归类为交通预 警信息, 通过自动触发、 手动触发或按时间周期循环触发的方 式触发交通预警信息,使用信息处理、无线电收发、定向天线、 广播式通信、 中继转发、 报警显示等技术处理并传递交通预警 信息, 拓宽交通预警信息的传播途径、 改进传播方式、 延长传 播距离、 提高传播的有效性和信息的主动性, 实现道路交通各 主体之间充分的信息共享, 为车辆驾驶人提供在异常情况形成 现实危险之前的、 预警距离最远达公里级的、 预警时间最长达 分钟级的道路交通安全早期预警, 辅助驾 3史人改善行车的安全 性, 从而降 4氏交通事故的发生率和绝对数量, 减少人员伤亡和 财产损失, 保障道路畅通; 同时实现交通标志设施使用发送装 置 (发信机或交通预警系统) 通过无线电波向车辆上的接收装 置 (收信机或交通预警系统)传递其交通标志信息并显示或用 语音播报给驾驶人, 且, 可选地, 对应于收到的指定种类的交 通标志信息, 所述接收装置发出主动告警信号, 这些信息传递 手段的应用, 能拓宽交通标志信息的传播途径、 增加交通标志 信息的传播距离、 提高交通标志信息的传播效果, 改善交通标 志设施对交通行为的引导、 限制、 警告或指示作用, 更好地保 障行车安全和道路畅通。 附图说明 图 1示出了一个实施例中交通预警系统的结构示意图。 具体实施方式 下面通过具体的实施例子并结合附图对本发明做进一步的 详纟田描述。 实施例 1 : 一种交通预警方法, 包括:
A.信息发送方根据输入的交通状况信息确定并触发与所述 交通状况信息相对应的交通预警信息, 所述交通预警信息通过 自动触发、 手动触发或按时间周期循环触发;
B.所述信息发送方将所述交通预警信息按照预设方式进行 编码, 得到交通预警基带信号, 使用所述交通预警基带信号对 载波进行调制得到已调制交通预警信号;
C.所述信息发送方使用广播式的通信方式, 将调制得到的 已调制交通预警信号通过发射天线以无线电波的形式进行定向 或全向的发射;
D.信息接收方接收从特定方向以无线电波的形式传送来的 已调制交通预警信号;
E.所述信息接收方对所述已调制交通预警信号进行解调得 到交通预警基带信号;
F. 所述信息接收方按照预设方式对所述交通预警基带信 号进行解码, 得到所述交通预警信息;
G.所述信息接收方根据解码得到的所述交通预警信息作出 相应的预警输出。 采用上述交通预警方法的发信机,包括:输入与触发组件、 第一处理组件、 调制组件、 发射组件; 所述输入与触发组件, 用于提供输入交通状况信息的输入 界面, 并艮据输入的所述交通状况信息确定并触发与所述交通 状况信息相对应的交通预警信息, 所述交通预警信息通过自动 触发、 手动触发或按时间周期循环触发; 所述第一处理组件, 用于将所述交通预警信息按照预设方 式进行编码, 得到交通预警基带信号; 所述调制组件, 用于使用所述交通预警基带信号对载波进 行调制得到已调制交通预警信号; 所述发射组件, 用于将调制得到的已调制交通预警信号, 使用广播式的通信方式, 通过发射天线以无线电波的形式进行 定向或全向的发射。 采用上述交通预警方法的收信机, 包括: 接收组件、 解调 组件、 第二处理组件和输出组件; 所述接收组件, 用于接收从特定方向以无线电波的形式传 送来的已调制交通预警信号; 所述解调组件, 用于对所述已调制交通预警信号进行解调 得到交通预警基带信号; 所述第二处理组件, 用于按照预设方式对所述交通预警基 带信号进行解码, 得到所述交通预警信息, 并根据得到的所述 交通预警信息作出相应的预警输出指令; 所述输出组件, 用于根据所述预警输出指令输出相应的预 警输出。 采用上述交通预警方法的交通预警系统, 包括: 如上所述的发信机、 如上所述的收信机; 所述交通预警系统将所述发信机和所述收信机的功能和组 件融合为有机的统一体。 本发明的交通预警方法、发信机、收信机和交通预警系统, 4巴才艮据具体交通情况抽象化出来的交通状况信息归类为交通预 警信息, 通过自动触发、 手动触发或按时间周期循环触发的方 式触发交通预警信息,使用信息处理、无线电收发、定向天线、 广播式通信、 中继转发、 报警显示等技术处理并传递交通预警 信息, 拓宽交通预警信息的传播途径、 改进传播方式、 延长传 播距离、 提高传播的有效性和信息的主动性, 实现道路交通各 主体之间充分的信息共享, 为车辆驾驶人提供在异常情况形成 现实危险之前的、 预警距离最远达公里级的、 预警时间最长达 分钟级的道路交通安全早期预警, 辅助驾 ^史人改善行车的安全 性, 从而降 ^氏交通事故的发生率和绝对数量, 减少人员伤亡和 财产损失, 保障道路畅通; 同时实现交通标志设施使用发送装 置 (发信机或交通预警系统) 通过无线电波向车辆上的接收装 置 (收信机或交通预警系统)传递其交通标志信息并显示或用 语音播报给驾驶人, 且, 可选地, 对应于收到的指定种类的交 通标志信息, 所述接收装置发出主动告警信号, 这些信息传递 手段的应用, 能拓宽交通标志信息的传播途径、 增加交通标志 信息的传播距离、 提高交通标志信息的传播效果, 改善交通标 志设施对交通行为的引导、 限制、 警告或指示作用, 更好地保 障行车安全和道路畅通。 需要说明的是: 所述发信机、 收信机、 交通预警系统都是既可以为单独的 装置, 安装或置放于车辆和交通设施特别是交通标志设施上, 或独立布置,也可以与车辆控制系统、 载电脑、防碰撞系统、 自动驾驶系统、 导航设备、 行车记录仪、 倒车雷达、 警报器、 其他车载设备、 交通设施特别是交通标志设施等的原肴功能融 合在一起,制造成多功能设备,与车辆或交通设施融合为一体, 这些都归入本发明所要保护的范围。 独立布置的以及配备于车辆或交通设施上的所述交通预警 系统、 发信机或收信机各自功能完整, 相互之间地位平等、 无 从属关系。 由目标预警区域内相互独立的所述交通预警系统、 发信机或收信机共同组成的整个分布式预警体系中没有中心控 制设施或区域中心控制设施, 也没有集中、 统一的接收、 处理 和发布信息的设施, 所述交通预警系统、 发信机或收信机各自 独立、 自主地运行, 相互之间平等地、 直接地传递信息。 其中, 车辆上配备的所述交通预警系统或收信机需要接收 目标预警区域内的所述交通预警系统或发信机所发出的预警信 息才能完成预警功能, 同时所述交通预警系统或发信机又要向 目标预警区域内的所述交通预警系统或收信机发送己方信息, 才能满足目标预警区域内的所述交通预警系统或收信机实现其 预警功能的需要, 单台孤立的所述交通预警系统、 发信机或收 信机无法独自实现预警功能; 并且, 每台车辆上配备的所述交 通预警系统或收信机仅需要接收目标预警区域内的所述交通预 警系统或发信机所发出的预警信息就能完成预警功能, 其预警 功能的实现不需要除所述交通预警系统、 发信机或收信机之外 的其他设施的辅助。这些工作方式决定了由所述交通预警方法、 发信机、 收信机以及交通预警系统所组成的交通预警体系的分 布式特征。 由于只有来自其他车辆、 交通设施等交通参与主体的交通 预警信息对所述交通预警系统的使用者来说才有预警价值, 所 以所述交通预警系统虽然同时具有发射无线电信号和接收无线 电信号的功能, 但所述交通预警系统只接收配备于其他车辆、 交通设施上的或独立布置的所述交通预警系统、 发信机发出的 无线电信号, 而不接收自身发出的无线电信号, 实现的方法是 根据不同种类的交通预警信息, 分别采用合理布置发射天线和 接收天线的相对位置、 为定向天线选择合适的收发方向以及发 讯时停止收讯等综合措施来实现。 实施例 2: 一种交通预警方法, 包括如下步骤: 步骤 101 , 信息发送方 4艮据交通状况信息确定并触发交通 预警信息; 交通状况信息是与道路交通状况、 车辆^ I夫况、 交通设施、 行车条件等有关交通情况抽象化后的信息, 比如: 交通事故、 车辆故障、 道路堵塞、 交通标志信息、 恶劣天气等等; 交通预警信息包括对应各种各样的抽象的交通状况信息的 预警信息, 比如: 交通标志信息、 交通管制指挥引导信息、 交 通异常信息、 车速信息、 交通事故警告信息、 车辆故障警戒信 息、 路面停车警戒信息、 车距警示信息、 气象异常信息、 道路 异常信息、 车辆异常信息、 行驶状态信息、 特种车辆请求让行 信息、 危险品运输车警示信息、 呼救信息。 需要说明的是, 交 通预警信息并不局限于上面所列范围, 只要是与交通状况有关 的或可能影响到驾驶行为的交通情况, 都可以抽象并归类后确 定其对应的交通预警信息。 上述所说的异常都是相对正常状态 而言的, 人们可以通过常识结合交通的常规知识进行判断; 交通状况信息通过输入设备获得, 有自动输入方式, 也有 手动输入方式。 自动输入设备可以为: 通讯接口、 汽车运行^)夫 态采集电路, 该采集电路包括: 安全气嚢打开信号输入接口、 卓速输入接口、 危险报警闪光灯开启信号输入接口、 发动机故 障指示信号输入接口, 比如: 交通事故警告信息由车辆在安全 气嚢打开时自动输入;手动输入设备可以为按键、选择开关等, 由使用者手动输入交通预警信息, 比如: 交通标志信息、 交通 管制指挥引导信息由交通管理人员输入, 路面停车警戒信息、 特种车辆请求让行信息由驾驶人输入, 等等。 可以理解, 交通预警信息不包含交通情况的具体细节, 而 是对具体交通情况的归类与共性提取。 在接下来各步骤中涉及 的交通预警信息, 都是一种概括式的预警信息, 接收者只是得 到抽象的交通预警信息, 不能获取交通预警信息所对应的现场 交通情况的具体内容。 一条交通预警信息表示了一类交通状况信息, 比如: 道路 异常信息可以对应: 道路拥堵、 道路维爹、 道路障碍等一系列 交通状况信息。 同时, 一条交通^)夫况信息也可以对应性确定多个交通预警 信息, 比如: 现场交通事故则可以确定: 道路异常信息、 交通 事故警告信息等交通预警信息。 交通预警信息的触发方式有手动触发、 自动触发或按时间 周期循环触发,对于使用手动触发和自动触发的交通预警信息, 在交通预警信息输入的同时即触发交通预警信息。 其中手动触发可以采用按键、选择开关等,通过手动输入、 手动在各种预置的交通预警信息中选择等方式输入交通预警信 息, 所述交通预警信息随之被触发; 比如: 车辆 3史入雾区则手 动触发气象异常信息的交通预警信息; 驾驶人及车辆处于困境 需要求救时手动触发呼救信息。 自动触发可以采用根据某项指标是否合乎标准值的方式来 自动触发交通预警信息, 获取自车辆运行状态的交通预警信息 使用自动触发。 比如: 汽车安全气嚢打开会自动触发交通事故 警告信息。 按预设的时间周期循环触发的方式, 可以为特定的交通预 警信息设定循环触发的间隔时间, 达到预定循环触发间隔时间 则触发该交通预警信息。 比如: 安装于交通标志设施上的发信 机达到预定循环触发间隔时间即触发交通标志信息。 不同条件下触发的同一种类的所述交通预警信息也会有变 化, 比如: 4艮据道路交通状况、 天气情况、 车辆种类、 自身车 辆的类型以及行 3史状态等条件的不同, 自动或由使用者手动选 择发出不同警戒距离的所述车距警示信息; 步骤 102, 信息发送方按照预设方式对触发的交通预警信 息进行编码得到交通预警基带信号; 其中, 对交通预警信息编码采用现有的编码技术, 对交通 预警信息进行编码, 即: 将交通预警信息转换成规定的电脉冲 信号, 以便通过电信号传输。 该编码的预设方式在现有的编码技术中任意选择, 只要能 保证预设方式在编码和解码时达到收发双方共享信息, 则可以 随意设定。 步骤 103 , 信息发送方使用经编码得到的交通预警基带信 号对载波进行调制得到已调制交通预警信号; 通过调制过程得到的已调制交通预警信号携带有交通预警 基带信号, 进而也就携带了交通预警信息; 为了提高后续步骤中无线电信号传播环节的抗多径传播效 应和同频干尤性能, 优选地, 调制技术采用编码正交频分复用 技术 (COFDM ), 此技术为现有技术。 步骤 104, 信息发送方使用广播式的通信方式, 将调制得 到的已调制交通预警信号通过发射天线以无线电波的形式进行 定向或全向的发射; 使用广播式的通信方式是为了实现充分的信息共享, 将发 送出去的预警信息传递给目标预警区域内的全部信息接收方, 从而提高预警的可信赖性, 防止漏警。 该无线电波采用定向或全向的发射方式, 定向所选取的方 向是以车辆行进的方向作为参照而言的, 而全向是指在各个方 向上, 无线电波的强度是一样的, 没有方向性, 不同的交通预 警信息分别采用定向或全向发射是为了提高预警的目标性, 减 少乃至杜绝虚警和漏警。比如:交通标志信息向来车方向发送, 特种车辆请求让行信息向行车方向发送, 而呼 信息的发送则 无方 性。 需要指出的是, 信息发送方在发射无线电波时, 按其所携 带的预警信息的种类的不同, 分别选择使用预先规划的共用频 道或独占频道。 比如: 交通事故警告信息使用共用频道发射, 交通管制指挥引导信息、 交通标志信息使用独占频道发射; 优选地,为了使相关电子电路易于处理电子信号,步骤 103 中的载波选用较低的频率, 然后使用差频技术, 将已调制交通 预警信号的载波频率变换为预先规划的频道的频率; 差频技术采用现有技术实施; 无线电波的发射采用现有的技术实施。 步骤 105 , 信息接收方接收从特定方向以无线电波的形式 传送来的所述已调制交通预警信号; 特定方向是以车辆行进的方向作为参照而言的, 以车辆行 进的方向作为参照的不同方向上存在或发生的交通情况对车辆 的安全行 3史所构成的威胁程度是不一样的, 对应于交通安全预 警的目的, 有针对性地关注特定方向发送来的交通预警信息可 以作出更具可用性的预警, 比如, 接收前方发出的交通事故警 告信息, 接收后方发出的特种车辆请求让行信息, 接收所有方 向发出的呼救信息等,都是为了提高预警的针对性和可信赖性, 减少虚警和漏警情况。 优选地, 为了使相关电子电路易于处理电子信号, 使用差 频技术将接收到的已调制交通预警信号的载波频率变换为较低 的频率; 无线电波的接收采用现有的技术实施。 步骤 106, 信息接收方对已调制交通预警信号进行解调得 到交通预警基带信号; 解调采用现有技术实现, 通过解调, 已调制交通预警信号 所携带的交通预警基带信号得到重现。 步骤 107, 信息接收方按照预设方式对交通预警基带信号 进行解码得到交通预警信息; 解码是编码的逆过程, 使用现有技术实现, 解码的预设方 式是与步骤 102中编码的预设方式相对应的方式, 通过解码, 将交通预警基带信号即特定的电脉冲信号转换成对应的交通预 警信息, 从而在信息发送方与信息接收方之间实现交通预警信 息的传递与共享。 步骤 108 , 信息接收方根据解码得到的交通预警信息作出 相应的预警输出; 预警输出包括各种显示或报警, 比如: 语音播报、 文字显 示、 图案显示、 信号灯指示、 颜色指示、 电信号输出、 空接点 输出、 声音报警、 光报警、 振动报警等, 是驾驶人使用所述交 通预警方法获取预警信息的直接环节。 上述预警输出分为对驾驶人发出的预警输出和对车载设备 发出的预警输出。 对驾马史人发出的预警输出包括: 积极预警, 比如: 光报警、 声报警, 作用是发出告警信号, 是一种主动提 示行为, 能够以突出的方式引起使用者的关注, 并接受具体的 信息, 它们的启动对应于信息的到来, 解除对应于使用者的指 令或预设时间的到达; 消极预警, 比如: 信号灯指示、 图文显 示, 不具有主动性, 需要使用者自主观察才能获取信息, 这些 预警的生效对应于信息的存在, 解除对应于信息的消失。 对车 载设备发出的预警包括电信号输出、 空接点输出等, 作用是和 具有其他功能的车载设备配合、 联动, 触发其进入工作状态, 以实现对行车安全的系统^ ί匕控制。 由于交通预警信息对应于各种各样的交通情况, 道路上存 在或发生的不同交通情况对车辆的安全行 3史所构成的威胁程度 是不一样的, 因此不同交通预警信息对行车安全的重要程度也 是有区别的, 为此, 对应于交通安全预警的目的, 和各种预警 输出的不同特点及效果, 针对接收到的不同种类的交通预警信 息, 信息接收方会向驾驶人选择作出其中一种预警输出或多种 预警输出的组合, 以提高预警的有效性和灵活性, 取得最优化 的预警效果。 实施例 3: 延续实施例 2 中的步骤 101-107 , 为了更充分发挥部分对 行车安全有直接重大意义的交通预警信息的预警作用, 放大预 警效果, 信息接收方负有在接收到此类交通预警信息后进行中 继转发的义务, 在多个所述信息接收方之间以层次式拓朴结构 单向逐层对所述交通预警信息进行多层数的转发, 随着中继转 发的逐层进行,此类交通预警信息被进一步传播到更远的地方, 从而使得接收到转发信息的信息接收方增加了预警距离, 进而 获得更长的预警时间,交通安全预警带来的安全效益更加显著。 但是, 如果交通预警信息被转发到无限远处, 该信息的预 警价值将降低为零, 并对整个预警体系产生负面影响, 造成大 量虚警, 降低预警的可信赖性, 因此, 为防止中继转发的优势 遭到滥用, 对 †·对同一个交通状况信息的交通预警信息被中继 转发的最大层数进行限制, 从而限制交通预警信息被中继转发 的最远传播距离。 该实施例中假定 3个信息接收方参与转发, 分别为信息接 收方 Α、 信息接收方 Β、 信息接收方 C, 而预设的最大转发层 数为 2 (设定值), 即交通预警信息允许最多被转发 2层。 步骤 201 , 信息接收方 Α接收到已调制交通预警信号, 对 其解调、 解码仅得到交通预警信息, 没有得到转发层数, 于是 可以确定该预警信息的信息发送方发送的该信息是其自身确定 并触发的信息, 而不是转发的信息, 即: 该交通预警信息没有 被转发过; 步骤 202, 信息接收方 A将得到的交通预警信息与需要转 发的交通预警信息集相比较; 如果该交通预警信息包含在需要转发的交通预警信息集中, 则进行步骤 203。 步骤 203 ,信息接收方 A对交通预警信息进行第一次转发; 具体操作为: 信息接收方 A确定自己为第一次转发, 然后 确定自己要发送的转发层数为 1 ; 信息接收方 A将交通预警信息和转发层数( 1 )按照预设 方式进行编码, 调制, 得到自己需要发送的已调制交通预警信 号; 信息接收方 A使用广播式的通信方式, 将已调制交通预警 信号通过发射天线以无线电波的形式进行定向或全向的发射。 步骤 204, 信息接收方 B接收到由信息接收方 A发送的已 调制交通预警信号, 对其解调、 解码得到交通预警信息和转发 层数( 1 ); 步骤 205 , 信息接收方 B将得到的交通预警信息与需要转 发的交通预警信息集相比较, 该交通预警信息包含在需要转发的交通预警信息集中; 同时,接收到的转发层数( 1 )小于预设的最大转发层数( 2 ), 于是, 进行步骤 206。 步骤 206 ,信息接收方 B对交通预警信息进行第二次转发; 具体操作为: 信息接收方 B 根据接收到的转发层数(1 ) 确定自己要发送的转发层数为 2; 信息接收方 B 将交通预警信息和转发层数(2 )按照预设 方式进行编码, 调制, 得到自己需要发送的已调制交通预警信 号; 信息接收方 B使用广播式的通信方式, 将已调制交通预警 信号通过发射天线以无线电波的形式进行定向或全向的发射。 步骤 207, 信息接收方 C接收到由信息接收方 B发送的已 调制交通预警信号, 对其解调、 解码得到交通预警信息和转发 层数( 2 ); 步骤 208 , 信息接收方 C将得到的交通预警信息与需要转 发的交通预警信息集相比较, 该交通预警信息包含在需要转发的交通预警信息集中; 但是,接收到的转发层数( 2 )等于预设的最大转发层数( 2 ), 信息接收方 C不转发该交通预警信息。 至此完成了对针对同一个交通状况信息的交通预警信息的 预设最大转发层数的中继转发。 以此类推, 可以实现预设的最大转发层数为其他数值的情 况的中继转发。 按照这种方式, 4十对同一个交通状况信息的交 通预警信息被中继转发的最大转发层数是可以被预设的最大转 发层数限制的, 因而针对同一个交通状况信息的交通预警信息 经中继转发后的最远传播距离是可控的, 不会出现将一条针对 同一个交通状况信息的交通预警信息传播到无限远处的情况, 从而保证了交通预警输出的可信赖性。 为了实现步骤 201- 208的转发, 所述交通预警系统还包括 中继转发控制组件, 该所述中继转发控制组件, 用于将所述交 通预警系统接收到的所述交通预警信息与需要转发的交通预警 信息集相比较, 如果所述交通预警信息包含在所述需要转发的 交通预警信息集中, 且最大转发层数设定值大于 0, 则, 进一 步, 如果所述交通预警系统接收到的所述已调制交通预警信号 中不包含转发层数或转发层数小于所述设定值, 则, 所述中继 转发控制组件控制所述交通预警系统转发所述交通预警信息并 同时发送转发层数, 发送的所述转发层数为接收到的转发层数 加 1 , 如果所述交通预警系统接收到的所述已调制交通预警信 号中不包含转发层数, 则发送的转发层数为 1。 需要说明的是, 下一层转发层数为上一层转发层数加 1的 方式只是一个举例, 下一层转发层数可以才艮据设定方式在上一 层转发层数的基础上确定, 这都属于本发明的保护范围。 实施例 4: 以交通标志牌为例子的发信机 一种发信机, 如交通标志牌, 具有普通道路交通标志牌的 用于显示标志图案、 文字的面板及交通标志的图案、 文字, 同 时在图案、 文字的背面集成有一个实施例 1 中所述的发信机和 太阳能供电装置,在标志牌的侧面安装发信机的定向发射天线, 天线的方向指向标志牌面板有图案和文字的一面面对的方向, 该交通标志牌能通过无线电波向卓辆发送交通标志信息; 交通管理人员通过按键在预置于发信机内部的交通标志信 息中选择与该交通标志图案、 文字内容一致的交通标志信息作 为该发信机的当前工作信息, 同时设置循环发讯时间间隔, 该 间隔优选为 10秒, 接通电源后收信机即以 10秒为间隔定向发 送其当前工作信息也就是该交通标志的具体交通标志信息; 配备有实施例 1 中所述收信机或交通预警系统的车辆在马史 入该交通标志所发送的已调制交通预警信号的覆盖范围内时, 收到其发出的交通标志信息, 并将该交通标志信息通过图文显 示器显示出来, 同时黄色指示灯闪亮, 以引起驾马史人注意其显 示的交通标志信息。 如果收信机或交通预警系统收到的是对行 车安全有直接重大意义的交通标志信息, 还通过蜂鸣器发出提 示音, 可选地, 收信机或交通预警系统还可以将接收到的交通 标志信息用语音播报给驾驶人; 太阳能供电装置采用现有技术实现; 此交通标志牌通过无线电波以广播式的通信方式将其交通 标志信息发送给车辆上的所述交通预警系统或收信机, 实现交 通标志设施通过无线电波向车辆上的接收装置传递其交通标志 信息并显示或用语音播报给驾驶人, 且, 对应于收到的指定种 类的交通标志信息, 接收装置发出主动告警信号; 此交通标志牌能拓宽交通标志信息的传播途径、 增加交通 标志信息的传播距离、 提高交通标志信息的传播效果, 改善交 通标志设施对交通行为的引导、 限制、 警告或指示作用, 更好 地保障行车安全和道路畅通。 接下来, 本发明将通过一个结构更为具体的装置来详细描 述该实施例 1中所述的交通预警系统: 实施例 5: 一种交通预警系统, 功能上分为如下模块(图 1所示), 电 源模块,输入模块 2,信息处理、控制模块 3 ,调制解调模块 4, 无线电发射与接收模块(射频模块) 5, 输出模块 6。 在该系统 中, 第一处理组件、 第二处理组件、 中继转发控制组件合成为 信息处理、 控制模块 3 , 调制组件和解调组件合成为调制解调 模块 4,发射组件和接收组件合成为无线电发射与接收模块(射 频模块) 5 , 输入与触发组件即输入模块 2, 输出组件即输出模 块 6。 各功能模块的电路构成和具体工作方式如下: 所述电源模块提供给所述交通预警系统所需的工作电源, 由 12V直流电源输入接口、 12V/5V 电压变换电路、 可充电锂 电池、 锂电池充电控制电路组成。 电源模块从汽车保险盒里的 独立回路接出 12V直流电源, 供所述交通预警系统运行所需的 电源以及所述可充电锂电池的充电电源, 在萃辆发生事故而导 致所述交通预警系统失去 12V直流电源等的异常情况下, 由所 述可充电锂电池为其供电, 以保证事故信息可靠地对外发送。 所述输入模块 2由键盘、车辆状态信息采集接口电路组成。 键盘包括事故发讯、 车辆故障发讯、 气象异常发讯、 道路异常 发讯、 行驶状态异常发讯、 特种车辆请永让行发讯、 危险品运 输车发讯、 呼救发讯等发讯启动按键和停止发讯、 声光告警信 号解除等按键,用于使用人手动干预所述交通预警系统的工作。 所述车辆状态信息采集接口电路包括车速输入接口、 安全气嚢 打开信号输入接口、 危险报警闪光灯开启信号输入接口、 发动 机故障指示信号输入接口, 所有输入接口电路均使用光耦隔离 电路以防止外部干扰信号的窜入。 所述输入模块 2的功能是控 制所述交通预警系统的发讯、 停讯、 告警信号消音等。 所述信息处理、 控制模块 3由微型处理器、 存储器及辅助 电路组成, 负责处理所述输入模块 2输入的信息并将其输出到 所述调制解调模块 4, 同时还处理所述调制解调模块 4传输来 的信息并将其传输给所述输出模块 6, 如果收到的信息是与行 车安全直接相关的警告类信息, 所述信息处理、 控制模块 3将 立即控制所述系统自动中继转发该警告类信息, 以增加该警告 类信息的警戒距离。 所述信息处理、 控制模块 3还负责所述交 通预警系统的运行控制。 所述调制解调模块 4由调制、 解调电路和中频发生器电路 等组成,负责将所述信号处理模块 3传来的数据对中频信号(优 选地, 所述中频信号的频率选用 30MHz )调制并传输给所述无 线电发射与接收模块(射频模块) 5 , 同时还解调所述无线电发 射与接收模块 (射频模块) 5 接收到射频信号后生成的中频信 号并将解调出来的数据传输到所述信号处理模块 3。 信号的调 制、 调方式采用编码正交频分调制 (COFDM ), 以提高抗多 径传播效应和同频干扰性能。 所述无线电发射与接收模块 (射频模块) 5 包括射频收发 电路、 天线, 负责将所述调制解调模块 4传输来的已调制中频 信号与射频本振信号 (优选地, 选用厘米波段) 差频后由所述 天线发射出去, 同时还将所述天线接收到的射频信号差频为中 频信号并传输给所述调制解调模块 4。 所述天线具有方向性, 由前向天线和后向天线组成, 后向天线是发射天线, 用于所述 交通预警系统向车辆的后方发送信息, 前向天线是接收天线, 用于接收前方车辆发出的信息。 所述输出模块 6由输出接口、 液晶显示器、 指示灯、 音频 驱动电路及扬声器组成, 负责显示或用语音播报所述交通预警 系统接收并经各模块电路处理后的信息、 显示所述交通预警系 统的工作状态、 对应于接收到的警告类信息发出声光告警信号 以及通过所述输出接口启动可选的联动设备 (如红外摄像机、 前向雷达、 防碰撞系统、 自动驾马史系统等), 实现交通安全早期 预警系统与车辆安全控制、 紧急处置系统之间的配合, 进而达 致交通安全干预效果的最优化。 所述输出接口电路使用光耦隔 离电路以防止外部干扰信号的窜入。 所述交通预警系统启动发讯的方式包括 4艮据预设的车辆状 况条件自动启动发讯、 由使用者手动启动发讯、 按预设的时间 周期循环启动发讯。 相互独立的所述交通预警系统个体之间通 过无线电波, 以广播式的通信方式传递信息; 对载波的调制方 式, 优选地, 使用编码正交频分调制 (COFDM ), 以提高抗多 径传播效应和同频干扰性能; 按所发送预警信息类别的不同, 分别选择通过预先规划的共用频道或独占频道发讯。 所述交通预警系统接收到的信息经内部逻辑判断处理后由 指示灯或显示屏显示或用语音播艮给使用人, 接收到特定种类 的信息 (优选地, 接收到与行车安全直接相关的警告类信息) 时, 所述交通预警系统立即向使用人发出声光告警并自动中继 转发该警告类信息, 以增加其警戒距离, 目标预警区域内的所 述交通预警系统组成的分布式预警体系在中继转发一条具体的 所述信息时,其最大转发层数受人为预先设定的数值的限制(目 的是限制预警信息向远方传递的最远距离, 以免造成虚警)。 在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内, 本实施例还 可以 不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下做出各种变化, 例如: 所述 交通预警系统既可以制造成信息接收功能、 信息发送功能于一 体的装置, 也可以制造成信息发送功能、 信息接收功能分体的 装置, 即发信机、 收信机; 所述交通预警系统可以制造成单独 的装置, 安装或置放于车辆和交通设施上, 或独立布置, 也可 以与车辆控制系统、 卓载电脑、 防碰撞系统、 自动驾驶系统、 导航设备、 行车记录仪、 倒车雷达、 警报器、 其他车载设备、 交通设施特别是交通标志设施等的原看功能融合在一起, 制造 成多功能设备; 载波信号的调制方式也可以采用其他适合的调 制方式; 载 显然, 本领域的普通技术人员应该明白, 上述几个实施例 所描述的本发明的各模块或各步骤可以用通用的计算装置来实 现, 它们可以集中在单个的计算装置上, 或者分布在多个计算 装置所组成的网络上, 可选地, 它们可以用计算装置可执行的 程序代码来实现, 从而, 可以将它们存储在存储装置中由计算 装置来执行, 或者将它们分别制作成各个集成电路模块, 或者 将它们中的多个模块或步骤制作成单个集成电路模块来实现。 这样, 本发明不限制于任何特定的硬件和软件结合。 以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本 发明, 对于本领域的普通技术人员来说, 本发明可以者各种更 改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求 一种交通预警方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
A.信息发送方 4艮据输入的交通状况信息确定并触发 与所述交通状况信息相对应的交通预警信息,所述交通预 警信息通过自动触发、 手动触发或按时间周期循环触发;
B.所述信息发送方将所述交通预警信息按照预设方 式进行编码, 得到交通预警基带信号, 使用所述交通预警 基带信号对载波进行调制得到已调制交通预警信号;
C.所述信息发送方使用广播式的通信方式,将调制得 到的已调制交通预警信号通过发射天线以无线电波的形 式进行定向或全向的发射;
D.信息接收方接收从特定方向以无线电波的形式传 送来的已调制交通预警信号;
E.所述信息接收方对所述已调制交通预警信号进行 解调得到交通预警基带信号;
F. 所述信息接收方按照预设方式对所述交通预警基 带信号进行解码, 得到所述交通预警信息;
G.所述信息接收方根据解码得到的所述交通预警信 息作出相应的预警输出。 根据权利要求 1所述的交通预警方法, 其特征在于, 在 F之后, 所述交通预警方法还包括:
H. 所述信息接收方将所述交通预警信息与需要转发 的交通预警信息集相比较,如果所述交通预警信息包含在 所述需要转发的交通预警信息集中, 贝' J ,
I. 在多个所述信息接收方之间以层次式拓朴结构单 向逐层对针对同一个交通状况信息的所述交通预警信息 进行多层数的中继转发,所述交通预警信息被中继转发的 最大层数为设定值。 根据权利要求 2所述的交通预警方法, 其特征在于, 每一个处在权利要求 2 中所述层次式拓朴结构中的 所述信息接收方在中继转发所述交通预警信息的同时还 发送转发层数; 位于下一层上的所述信息接收方在通过无线电接收、 解调、解码得到中继转发来的所述交通预警信息的同时还 得到转发层数;
位于所述层次式拓朴结构中不同层上的所述信息接 收方所发送的所述转发层数均不同, 而位于同一层上的所 述信息接收方所发送的所述转发层数则相同,所述信息接 收方发送的所述转发层数为位于上一层上的所述信息接 收方发送的转发层数加 1 , 位于第一层上的所述信息接收 方发送的转发层数为 1 ;
如果所述信息接收方接收到的转发层数等于所述设 定值, 或如果所述设定值为 0, 则所述信息接收方不转发 所述交通预警信息。 根据权利要求 1-3任一项所述的交通预警方法,其特征在 于,
所述交通预警信息包括以下任一种: 交通标志信息、 交通管制指挥引导信息、 交通异常信息、 车速信息、 交通 事故警告信息、 车辆故障警戒信息、 路面停车警戒信息、 车距警示信息、 气象异常信息、 道路异常信息、 车辆异常 信息、 行驶状态信息、 特种车辆请求让行信息、 危险品运 输车警示信息、 呼救信息;
和 /或,
所述预警输出包括以下一种或多种: 语音播艮、 文字 显示、 图案显示、 信号灯指示、 颜色提示、 电信号输出、 空接点输出、 声音报警、 光报警、 振动报警。 一种采用权利要求 1-4任一项的交通预警方法的发信机, 其特征在于,
包括: 输入与触发组件、 第一处理组件、 调制组件、 发射组件;
所述输入与触发组件,用于提供输入交通状况信息的 输入界面,并根据输入的所述交通状况信息确定并触发与 所述交通状况信息相对应的交通预警信息,所述交通预警 信息通过自动触发、 手动触发或按时间周期循环触发; 所述第一处理组件,用于将所述交通预警信息按照预 设方式进行编码, 得到交通预警基带信号;
所述调制组件,用于使用所述交通预警基带信号对载 波进行调制得到已调制交通预警信号;
所述发射组件,用于将调制得到的已调制交通预警信 号, 使用广播式的通信方式, 通过发射天线以无线电波的 形式进行定向或全向的发射。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的发信机, 其特征在于, 所述输入与触发组件包括以下一种或多种: 按键、 选 择开关、 通讯接口、 汽车运行状态采集电路, 所述汽车运 行状态采集电路包括以下一种或多种: 安全气嚢打开信号 输入接口、 车速输入接口、 危险报警闪光灯开启信号输入 接口、 发动机故障指示信号输入接口。
7. 一种采用权利要求 1-4任一项的交通预警方法的收信机, 其特征在于,
包括: 接收组件、 解调组件、 第二处理组件和输出组 件;
所述接收组件,用于接收从特定方向以无线电波的形 式传送来的已调制交通预警信号;
所述解调组件,用于对所述已调制交通预警信号进行 解调得到交通预警基带信号;
所述第二处理组件,用于按照预设方式对所述交通预 警基带信号进行解码, 得到所述交通预警信息, 并根据得 到的所述交通预警信息作出相应的预警输出指令;
所述输出组件,用于根据所述预警输出指令输出相应 的预警输出。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的收信机, 其特征在于,
所述输出组件包括以下一种或多种: 语音播报组件、 指示灯、图文显示器、电信号输出组件、空接点输出组件、 声音报警组件、 光报警组件、 振动报警组件。
9. 一种采用权利要求 1-4任一项所述的交通预警方法的交通 预警系统, 其特征在于,
包括: 如权利要求 5或 6所述的发信机、 如权利要求 7或 8所述的收信机;
所述交通预警系统将所述发信机和所述收信机的功 能和组件融合为有机的统一体。
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的交通预警系统, 其特征在于,
还包括中继转发控制组件;
所述中继转发控制组件,用于控制所述交通预警系统 对指定的所述交通预警信息进行有最大转发层数限制的 中继转发。
11. 根据权利要求 9或 10所述的交通预警系统,其特征在于, 所述中继转发控制组件将所述交通预警系统接收到 的所述交通预警信息与需要转发的交通预警信息集相比 较,如果所述交通预警信息包含在所述需要转发的交通预 警信息集中,且最大转发层数设定值大于 0,则,进一步, 如果所述交通预警系统接收到的所述已调制交通预警信 号中不包含转发层数或转发层数小于所述设定值, 则, 所 述中继转发控制组件控制所述交通预警系统转发所述交 通预警信息并同时发送转发层数,发送的所述转发层数为 接收到的转发层数加 1 , 如果所述交通预警系统接收到的 所述已调制交通预警信号中不包含转发层数,则发送的转 发层数为 1。
PCT/CN2013/076798 2013-04-28 2013-06-05 交通预警方法、发信机、收信机及交通预警系统 WO2014176814A1 (zh)

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