WO2014174800A1 - Dispositif d'imagerie acousto-optique - Google Patents

Dispositif d'imagerie acousto-optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014174800A1
WO2014174800A1 PCT/JP2014/002134 JP2014002134W WO2014174800A1 WO 2014174800 A1 WO2014174800 A1 WO 2014174800A1 JP 2014002134 W JP2014002134 W JP 2014002134W WO 2014174800 A1 WO2014174800 A1 WO 2014174800A1
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Prior art keywords
acousto
light beam
wedge
ultrasonic wave
scattered
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PCT/JP2014/002134
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
卓也 岩本
橋本　雅彦
寒川　潮
金子　由利子
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パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
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Publication of WO2014174800A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014174800A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0093—Detecting, measuring or recording by applying one single type of energy and measuring its conversion into another type of energy
    • A61B5/0097—Detecting, measuring or recording by applying one single type of energy and measuring its conversion into another type of energy by applying acoustic waves and detecting light, i.e. acoustooptic measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
    • G01H9/008—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means by using ultrasonic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/1702—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/24—Probes
    • G01N29/2418—Probes using optoacoustic interaction with the material, e.g. laser radiation, photoacoustics

Definitions

  • the present application relates to an acoustooptic imaging device, and more particularly to an acoustooptic imaging device that acquires an ultrasonic echo obtained from a subject as an optical image.
  • an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus as disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known.
  • an object is transmitted and received using a plurality of ultrasonic transmitting / receiving elements, and the received signals output from each element are delayed and synthesized. Obtain an ultrasonic image.
  • Such an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus requires multiple signal processing (delay and synthesis) in order to capture one ultrasonic image.
  • the number of necessary signal processing corresponds to at least the number of pixels of the image. Therefore, in order to photograph an object at high speed using ultrasonic waves, a signal processing circuit having a high-speed and large-scale arithmetic circuit is required. Further, in order to acquire an image with a large number of pixels and high spatial resolution, a large number of ultrasonic transducers having the same transmission / reception characteristics are required. However, it is extremely difficult to construct such a group of transducers.
  • the non-limiting exemplary acousto-optic imaging device provides an acousto-optic imaging device capable of imaging the inside of an object without using a signal processing circuit with high calculation processing capability.
  • An acoustooptic imaging device includes an ultrasonic source that outputs ultrasonic waves and an acoustic aperture, and scattered ultrasonic waves generated by scattering of the ultrasonic waves inside an object are generated from the acoustic aperture.
  • An acousto-optic medium part that enters and propagates inside, a wedge light source that emits a monochromatic wedge light beam incident on the acousto-optic medium part non-parallel to the propagation direction of the scattered ultrasonic wave, and the scattered ultrasonic wave
  • An imaging optical system in which the generated diffracted light is incident due to a change in refractive index generated in the acousto-optic medium part by propagating and an image of the diffracted light formed by the imaging optical system
  • An imaging unit that outputs a signal, and the wedge light beam is in a first cross section parallel to a propagation direction of the wedge light beam and a propagation direction of the scattered ultrasonic wave in the acoustooptic medium unit.
  • a point is formed and propagates in parallel in the second cross section perpendicular to the cross section without forming a focal point, and the focal point in the first cross section of the wedge light flux is the acoustooptic medium unit, the imaging optical system, and
  • the light intensity of the wedge luminous flux in the direction in which the scattered ultrasonic wave propagates in the acoustooptic medium portion monotonously increases according to the distance from the acoustic aperture.
  • the acoustooptic imaging device According to the acoustooptic imaging device according to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to obtain an image with relatively small luminance unevenness even when an object is imaged using an acoustooptic medium having a large ultrasonic wave propagation attenuation. It becomes.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of an acoustooptic imaging device according to a first embodiment.
  • (A) And (b) is xy sectional drawing and zx sectional drawing which show an example of a structure of the wedge light source of 1st Embodiment.
  • (A) And (b) is xy sectional drawing and zx sectional drawing which show an example of the other structure of the wedge light source of 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows a mode that a diffraction image arises by the effect
  • (A)-(d) is a figure which shows the calculation result of the diffraction image in case an acoustic attenuation exists, respectively, and incident light distribution is a 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 2.5th order function. It is a figure which shows the calculation result of the diffraction image in case there exists acoustic attenuation
  • damping and incident light distribution is an exponential function.
  • the inventor of the present application examined a method of acquiring an image two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally, instead of obtaining an image by scanning an ultrasonic wave through a tissue inside a subject like a conventional ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus. .
  • the inventors have conceived that an image of a tissue inside a subject is acquired using an acoustooptic effect that is an interaction between ultrasonic waves and light.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 an acoustic wave is radiated on an object, and an ultrasonic wave transmitted through the object or an ultrasonic wave scattered from the object is propagated in the acoustooptic medium. If the refractive index distribution is formed in the medium and the intensity / phase distribution of transmitted or scattered ultrasonic waves is transferred to the intensity / phase distribution of monochromatic light using the Bragg diffraction generated thereby, the image inside the object is taken as an optical image. It is considered possible.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 only discloses the acoustooptic effect by Bragg diffraction, and there is no suggestion on how to realize imaging of a tissue in a living body by the acoustooptic effect.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 The inventor of the present application has examined the technology disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 in detail, and according to the configuration disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1, the frequency of ultrasonic waves used is as high as 15 MHz or higher. This is because the acousto-optic cell is composed of an aqueous medium, and the conditions under which Bragg diffraction occurs are limited by the relationship between the acoustic velocity of water (about 1500 m / s) and the wavelength of ultrasonic waves. . In a living body, absorption attenuation increases substantially in proportion to the frequency. Therefore, it is preferable to use an ultrasonic wave having a frequency of 10 MHz or less in order to image a deep interior of a subject. Therefore, even if the configuration disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 is used as it is, it is difficult to obtain an image of the tissue in the body of the subject.
  • the acoustooptic cell is composed of an acoustooptic medium having a low sound velocity.
  • the attenuation of the ultrasonic wave propagating through the acousto-optic cell increases, and the luminance unevenness in the image inside the obtained object increases.
  • the inventor of the present application has studied such a problem in detail and has come up with a novel acousto-optic imaging device.
  • the outline of one aspect of the acousto-optic imaging device of the present invention is as follows.
  • An acoustooptic imaging device includes an ultrasonic source that outputs ultrasonic waves and an acoustic aperture, and scattered ultrasonic waves generated by scattering of the ultrasonic waves inside an object are generated from the acoustic aperture.
  • An acousto-optic medium part that enters and propagates inside, a wedge light source that emits a monochromatic wedge light beam incident on the acousto-optic medium part non-parallel to the propagation direction of the scattered ultrasonic wave, and the scattered ultrasonic wave
  • An imaging optical system in which the generated diffracted light is incident due to a change in refractive index generated in the acousto-optic medium part by propagating and an image of the diffracted light formed by the imaging optical system
  • An imaging unit that outputs a signal, and the wedge light beam is in a first cross section parallel to a propagation direction of the wedge light beam and a propagation direction of the scattered ultrasonic wave in the acoustooptic medium unit.
  • a point is formed and propagates in parallel in the second cross section perpendicular to the cross section without forming a focal point, and the focal point in the first cross section of the wedge light flux is the acoustooptic medium unit, the imaging optical system, and
  • the light intensity of the wedge luminous flux in the direction in which the scattered ultrasonic wave propagates in the acoustooptic medium portion monotonously increases according to the distance from the acoustic aperture.
  • the light intensity distribution in the direction of propagation of the scattered ultrasonic waves of the wedge light beam may be defined by an exponential function.
  • the light intensity distribution in the direction of propagation of the scattered ultrasound of the wedge light beam may be defined by a linear function with respect to the distance from the acoustic aperture.
  • the light intensity distribution in the direction of propagation of the scattered ultrasonic waves of the wedge light beam may be defined by a quadratic function with respect to the distance from the acoustic aperture.
  • the light intensity distribution in the direction in which the scattered ultrasound propagates of the wedge light beam may be defined by a cubic function with respect to the distance from the acoustic aperture.
  • the distribution of light intensity in the direction of propagation of the scattered ultrasonic wave of the wedge luminous flux is defined by a power function of the distance from the acoustic aperture or a sum of power functions, and a power exponent of the power function is an arbitrary real number. Also good.
  • the wedge light source includes a laser light source that emits a monochromatic light wave, a magnifying optical system that emits a monochromatic light wave from the laser light source and emits an enlarged plane wave light beam, and a plane wave light beam that emerges from the magnifying optical system.
  • Light transmittance that is disposed between the cylindrical lens, the laser light source, and the magnifying optical system, or between the magnifying optical system and the acoustooptic medium unit, and has a distribution in the direction in which the scattered ultrasound propagates
  • the cylindrical lens has a refractive power that focuses on the first direction on a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction of the incident plane wave light beam, and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the first lens lens may have no refractive power, and the first direction of the cylindrical lens may be parallel to the direction in which the scattered ultrasound propagates.
  • the optical element may be a neutral density filter.
  • the optical element may be a liquid crystal element capable of controlling transmittance in a direction in which the scattered ultrasonic wave propagates.
  • the wedge light source is a laser light source that emits a monochromatic light wave, and an enlarged optical system that emits an expanded plane wave light beam by receiving the monochromatic light wave from the laser light source, and is distributed in a direction in which the scattered ultrasonic wave propagates
  • a magnifying optical system including a lens configured to obtain an intensity having a cylindrical lens, and a cylindrical lens on which a plane wave light beam emitted from the magnifying optical system is incident.
  • the cylindrical lens propagates the incident plane wave light beam.
  • the first direction On the surface perpendicular to the direction, the first direction has a refractive power for focusing, the second direction perpendicular to the first direction has no refractive power, and the first direction of the cylindrical lens It may be parallel to the direction in which the sound wave propagates.
  • the acousto-optic imaging device may further include an optical aperture disposed between the magnifying optical system and the cylindrical lens.
  • the ultrasonic source and the acousto-optic medium part are directed to the object so that the generated scattered ultrasonic wave enters the acousto-optic medium part from the acoustic aperture when the ultrasonic wave passes through the object. It may be arranged.
  • the ultrasonic source and the acousto-optic medium part are directed to the object so that the generated scattered ultrasound is incident on the acousto-optic medium part from the acoustic aperture by reflecting the ultrasonic wave on the object. It may be arranged.
  • the acousto-optic imaging device includes an incident-side mirror that reflects a wedge light beam emitted from the wedge light source and enters the acousto-optic medium unit, and reflects diffracted light generated in the acousto-optic medium unit to reflect the imaging optics.
  • An exit-side mirror that enters the system may be further included.
  • the acousto-optic imaging device receives the electrical signal from the imaging unit, and performs signal processing for adjusting the image so that luminance unevenness in the direction in which the scattered ultrasound propagates on the image of the captured image is reduced. A part may be further provided.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of an acousto-optic imaging device 100 according to the first embodiment.
  • the acousto-optic imaging device 100 includes a wedge light source 1, an acousto-optic medium unit 2, an imaging optical system 3, an imaging unit 4, and an ultrasonic source 5.
  • the propagation direction (optical axis) of the wedge light beam 8 is the z axis
  • the direction perpendicular to the acoustic aperture 203 that is the surface where the object 6 and the acoustooptic medium unit 2 are in contact is the y axis.
  • the direction perpendicular to the paper plane which is the direction perpendicular to the y-axis and the z-axis, is defined as the x-axis.
  • the ultrasonic source 5 is arranged so as to be in contact with the object 6 at the time of imaging, and outputs the ultrasonic wave 7 inside the object 6.
  • the ultrasonic wave 7 propagates inside the object 6, and when the part 6 a having different acoustic characteristics (impedance) exists in the object 6, the scattered ultrasonic wave 7 a is generated in the part 6 a.
  • the acoustooptic medium unit 2 is disposed so as to be in contact with the object 6 through the acoustic aperture 203 at the time of imaging, and takes in the scattered ultrasonic waves 7 a generated in the object 6.
  • Scattered ultrasonic waves 7 a generated in the object 6 are taken into the acoustooptic medium unit 2, and scattered ultrasonic waves 7 b having information on the object 6 in intensity and phase distribution propagate through the acoustooptic medium 201.
  • the wedge light source 1 emits a wedge light beam 8 toward the acousto-optic medium unit 2.
  • the wedge light beam 8 converges in the y direction in FIG. 1 to have a focal point, and propagates in parallel without converging in the x direction. Further, the focal point of the wedge light beam 8 is located on the opposite side of the wedge light source 1 across the acoustooptic medium unit 2, that is, between the acoustooptic medium unit 2 and the imaging optical system 3. Further, the light intensity of the wedge light beam 8 in the y direction monotonously increases according to the distance from the acoustic aperture 203.
  • the scattered ultrasonic wave 7b When the scattered ultrasonic wave 7b propagates through the acousto-optic medium unit 2, the scattered ultrasonic wave 7b is a dense wave, so that a coarse-dense distribution is generated in the acousto-optic medium unit 2.
  • This density distribution functions as a diffraction grating for the wedge light beam 8, and a ⁇ 1st order diffracted light beam 8a, a 0th order diffracted light beam 8b, and a + 1st order diffracted light beam 8c are generated.
  • the ⁇ 1st order diffracted light beam 8 a and the + 1st order diffracted light beam 8 c are focused on the focal plane 9 to form an image of the object 6.
  • the focal plane 9 refers to a plane (xy plane) that passes through the focal point of the wedge beam 8 and is perpendicular to the propagation direction of the wedge beam 8.
  • the image formed on the focal plane 9 is incomplete and forms an image in the direction in which the wedge beam 8 is converged (y direction), but in the direction in which the wedge beam 8 is propagated in parallel (x direction).
  • the image is not formed.
  • the imaging optical system 3 is disposed at a position facing the wedge light source 1 with the acousto-optic medium unit 2 interposed therebetween.
  • the ⁇ 1st order diffracted light beam 8a and the + 1st order diffracted light beam 8c transmitted through the acoustooptic medium unit 2 enter the imaging optical system 3, and are also converged in the x direction by the imaging optical system 3 to form an image.
  • an incomplete image of the object 6 formed by the ⁇ 1st order diffracted light beam 8 a and the + 1st order diffracted light beam 8 c is formed as a complete image on the image forming surface 91 by the image forming optical system 3.
  • the imaging unit 4 captures an image of the ⁇ 1st order diffracted light beam 8a or + 1st order diffracted light beam 8c formed by the imaging optical system 3, and converts the image into an electrical signal.
  • each component will be described in detail.
  • the wedge light source 1 emits a wedge light beam 8 of monochromatic light.
  • the wedge light beam 8 is focused on the focal plane 9 in the yz plane (first cross section) parallel to the z direction in which the wedge light beam 8 propagates and the y direction in which the scattered ultrasonic waves propagate.
  • the xz plane in the xz plane (second cross section), the light propagates in parallel and does not focus. Since the wedge light beam 8 propagates in the z direction, it can be said that it converges in the y direction and does not converge in the x direction.
  • the position of the focal plane 9 of the wedge light beam 8 is located opposite to the wedge light source 1 with the acoustooptic medium unit 2 interposed therebetween, that is, between the acoustooptic medium unit 2 and the imaging optical system 3. Further, the light intensity distribution in the xy section of the wedge light beam 8 is not uniform in the y direction in the acoustooptic medium unit 2 but has a distribution. Specifically, the light intensity increases as the distance from the y-axis acoustic aperture 203 increases. In other words, the light intensity in the y direction increases monotonously according to the distance from the acoustic aperture 203.
  • the light intensity distribution in the y direction of the wedge light beam 8 may be defined by a linear function, or may be defined by an n-order function such as a quadratic function or a cubic function. Further, it may be defined by an exponential function.
  • the wedge light source 1 includes, for example, a laser light source 10, a magnifying optical system 11, an optical aperture 12, a first cylindrical lens 13, and a neutral density filter 14, as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b).
  • the laser light source 10 emits a monochromatic light wave 81 and enters the magnifying optical system 11.
  • the magnifying optical system 11 enlarges the diameter of the monochromatic light wave emitted from the laser light source 10 and emits a plane wave light beam 82 having the enlarged diameter.
  • the plane wave light beam 82 passes through the optical aperture 12 and enters the first cylindrical lens 13 via the neutral density filter 14.
  • the plane wave light beam 82 has a light intensity distribution in the y direction by passing through the neutral density filter 14 having a transmittance distribution in the y direction.
  • the neutral density filter 14 whose transmittance increases monotonously in accordance with the distance from the acoustic aperture 203 in the y direction
  • the plane wave light beam 83 transmitted through the neutral density filter 14 is transmitted from the acoustic aperture 203 in the y axis direction.
  • the light intensity can be monotonously increased according to the distance.
  • the cylindrical lens 13 is set so that the plane wave light beam 83 is focused on the focal plane 9 after passing through the acoustooptic medium unit 2 in the y direction.
  • the plane wave light beam 83 having no refractive power in the x direction and passing through the magnifying optical system 11 passes through the acoustooptic medium unit 2 while being parallel, and does not form an image on the focal plane 9.
  • the wedge light flux 8 whose light intensity in the y direction monotonously increases according to the distance from the acoustic aperture 203 is obtained.
  • the wedge light source 1 is not necessarily configured as shown in FIG. 2, and the position of the neutral density filter 14 is not limited to between the magnifying optical system 11 and the cylindrical lens 13.
  • the neutral density filter 14 may be between the cylindrical lens 13 and the acoustooptic medium unit 2.
  • the wedge light beam 8 has a characteristic that the light intensity in the y direction monotonously increases according to the distance from the acoustic aperture 203, such a light intensity distribution is realized by an optical element other than the neutral density filter 14.
  • an optical element other than the neutral density filter 14. May be.
  • a liquid crystal element capable of controlling the transmittance in the y direction may be used instead of the neutral density filter 14.
  • the monochromatic light wave emitted from the laser light source 10 may have a desired light intensity distribution in the y-axis direction in advance.
  • a monochromatic light wave emitted from the laser light source 10 is transmitted through an optical element such as an aspheric lens so that light in the y direction can be obtained.
  • An intensity distribution may be realized.
  • the ultrasonic source 5 is disposed in contact with the object 6 during imaging.
  • the ultrasonic source 5 receives a signal from the ultrasonic signal source 51 and makes the object 6 enter the object 6 with continuous waves or pulsed ultrasonic waves 7 having the same sine waveform.
  • the ultrasonic wave 7 composed of a plurality of waves having the same sine waveform means an ultrasonic wave having a time waveform in which a sine waveform having a constant amplitude and frequency is continuously or continuously for a fixed time.
  • the ultrasonic wave 7 irradiates the area of the object 6 to be imaged with a substantially uniform illuminance. Note that the ultrasonic wave 7 incident from the ultrasonic wave source 5 to the object 6 may not be a plane wave.
  • the duration of the time waveform is preferably set to be equal to or greater than the reciprocal (cycle) of the carrier frequency.
  • the ultrasonic wave 7 incident on the object 6 by the ultrasonic wave source 5 is not limited to an acoustic signal having a sine wave as a carrier wave, but is an ultrasonic signal composed of a repetitive signal having a waveform other than a sine wave such as a square wave or a sawtooth wave. Also good. Note that the adhesion between the ultrasonic source 5 and the object 6 may be improved by using an alignment material such as an ultrasonic gel so that the ultrasonic wave 7 output from the ultrasonic source 5 is efficiently incident into the object 6. .
  • the object 6 is made of a material whose ultrasonic wave propagation attenuation is not extremely large.
  • An example of the object 6 is a living body.
  • the portion 6a may be a tissue or an organ in the object 6.
  • the object 6 may be a liquid such as water, and the portion 6a may be another object arranged in the liquid.
  • the ultrasonic wave 7 incident on the object 6 propagates through the object 6.
  • a scattered ultrasonic wave 7a having the same frequency is generated.
  • the scattered ultrasonic wave 7 a is incident on the acoustooptic medium unit 2 through the acoustic aperture 203 and propagates inside the acoustooptic medium unit 2.
  • the scattered ultrasonic wave 7 b propagating through the acousto-optic medium unit 2 has intensity and phase distribution reflecting the information of the object 6.
  • the acoustooptic medium unit 2 includes an acoustooptic medium 201 and a cell 202, and the acoustooptic medium 201 is included in the cell 202.
  • the acoustooptic medium unit 2 is disposed so as to be in contact with the object 6 at the acoustic aperture 203 when the object 6 is photographed. By arranging the acoustic aperture 203 in contact with the object 6, the scattered ultrasonic wave 7 a from the object 6 is taken into the acoustooptic medium unit 2.
  • a matching material such as an ultrasonic gel or an acoustic matching layer is arranged between the object 6 and the acoustooptic medium unit 2. Also good.
  • the scattered ultrasound 7b propagates in the y-axis direction in FIG. This direction is perpendicular to the surface constituting the acoustic aperture 203 and is the normal direction of the acoustic aperture 203 when the scattered ultrasonic wave 7 a is incident on the acoustic aperture 203 perpendicularly.
  • the scattered ultrasound 7b is a longitudinal wave
  • the sound pressure distribution of the acoustooptic medium 201 that is, the refractive index distribution that matches the wavefront of the scattered ultrasound 7b is acoustooptic. It is generated in the medium 201.
  • the refractive index distribution generated in the acousto-optic medium 201 becomes a sinusoidal diffraction grating that is repeated at the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave.
  • the wedge light beam 8 When the wedge light beam 8 is incident non-parallel to the propagation direction of the scattered ultrasonic wave 7b, the wedge light beam 8 is diffracted by the diffraction grating formed by the refractive index distribution in the acoustooptic medium 201, and a diffracted light beam is generated.
  • diffracted light includes Bragg diffracted light and Raman-Nath diffracted light. In the Bragg region where Klein Cook's parameter Q satisfies Q >> 1, Bragg diffracted light is the main diffracted light.
  • the diffracted light to be generated is only the ⁇ 1st order diffracted light beam 8a, the 0th order diffracted light beam 8b, and the + 1st order diffracted light beam 8c, and light energy loss is small because no high order diffracted light is generated.
  • the acousto-optic imaging device of the present embodiment can observe the inside of the object with high sensitivity.
  • the brightness of the diffracted light is proportional to the amount of change in the refractive index of the diffraction grating, that is, the sound pressure of the ultrasonic waves.
  • the Klein Cook parameter Q can be expressed by the following equation.
  • L represents the interaction length between the ultrasonic wave and the light wave
  • ⁇ represents the wavelength of the light wave
  • f represents the frequency of the ultrasonic wave
  • n represents the refractive index
  • V represents the speed of sound.
  • the acousto-optic imaging device of the present embodiment may be operated under a diffraction condition mainly including Raman-Nath diffracted light.
  • the scattered ultrasonic wave 7 b continues to propagate through the acousto-optic medium unit 2 even after contacting the wedge light beam 8.
  • a sound wave absorption end 204 may be provided at the end of the acousto-optic medium unit 2 opposite to the acoustic opening 203 to suppress reflection of the scattered ultrasonic waves 7b.
  • the cell 202 and the acousto-optic medium 201 are made of a material that is transparent with respect to the wavelength of the light wave output from the laser light source 10 so that the wedge light beam 8 can enter.
  • a glass cell can be used as the cell 202.
  • the acousto-optic medium 201 water transparent to the wavelength of the light wave output from the laser light source 10, a fluorine-based liquid material, a silica nanoporous material, or the like can be used.
  • a medium with the lowest possible sound velocity it is preferable to use a medium with the lowest possible sound velocity as the acousto-optic medium 201.
  • an ultrasonic wave having a frequency of 10 MHz or less in order to suppress attenuation due to absorption of the ultrasonic wave propagating through the object.
  • the speed of sound of water is 1500 m / sec
  • the speed of sound of NovecTM 7200 (hydrofluoroether) manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited is 630 m / sec.
  • Fluorine-based liquid materials such as Novec TM 7000, Novec TM 7100, Novec TM 7200, Novec TM 7300, Fluorinert TMFC-72 and FC-3283 are also materials having a low sound velocity.
  • the sound speed of the silica nanoporous material is as low as 50 to 250 m / sec, which is a preferable material for use as the acoustooptic medium 201.
  • the ⁇ 1st order diffracted light beam 8 a and the + 1st order diffracted light beam 8 c generated by the action of the scattered ultrasonic wave 7 b having information inside the object 6 and the wedge light beam 8 in the acoustooptic medium 201 are located at the focal point of the wedge light beam 8.
  • the focal plane 9 perpendicular to the propagation direction of the wedge beam the light converges in the y direction and forms an optical image of the object 6.
  • the optical image of the object 6 generated at this time does not form an image in the x direction.
  • an optical image of the object 6 on the xz plane is generated on the focal plane 9 without forming an image in the x direction.
  • Imaging optical system 3 The ⁇ 1st order diffracted light beam 8 a and the + 1st order diffracted light beam 8 c that have passed through the acoustooptic medium unit 2 enter the imaging optical system 3.
  • the ⁇ 1st-order diffracted light beam 8a and the + 1st-order diffracted light beam 8c pass through the imaging optical system 3, thereby forming an image in the x direction and on the imaging surface 91 in both the x direction and the y direction. A complete optical image forming the image is produced.
  • the imaging optical system 3 includes, for example, a cylindrical lens 3a and a cylindrical lens 3b as shown in FIG.
  • the cylindrical lens 3a is arranged so as to have a refractive power in the y direction and no refractive power in the x direction.
  • the cylindrical lens 3b is arranged so as to have a refractive power in the x direction and no refractive power in the y direction.
  • the 0th-order diffracted light beam 8 b that has passed through the focal plane 9 is converged in the y direction by the cylindrical lens 3 a of the imaging optical system 3 and focused in the y direction on the imaging plane 91. Further, the light is converged in the x direction by the cylindrical lens 3 b and focused on the image plane 91.
  • Imaging unit 4 takes an optical image of the ⁇ 1st order diffracted light beam 8a or the + 1st order diffracted light beam 8c on the imaging surface 91 and converts it into an electrical signal. Thereby, the information inside the object 6 can be detected by ultrasonic waves and acquired as an optical image. As will be described below, the imaging unit 4 captures an optical image of the xz plane in an arbitrary y direction inside the object 6. Optical images on the xz plane at different y-direction positions can be obtained by shifting the time.
  • a three-dimensional optical image inside the object 6 can be displayed on a display device or the like. Is possible.
  • the light-shielding unit 15 may block the 0th-order diffracted light beam 8b or the other diffracted light beam that is not received so that only the ⁇ 1st-order diffracted light beam 8a or the + 1st-order diffracted light beam 8c is incident on the imaging unit 4.
  • the imaging unit 4 is a solid-state imaging element such as a CCD element or a CMOS element, for example, and detects the light intensity distribution of the diffraction image by the ⁇ 1st order diffracted light beam 8a or the + 1st order diffracted light beam 8c as an optical image and converts it into an electrical signal. Convert.
  • the object 6 is a living body, and the ultrasonic source 5 emits a 2.5 MHz continuous ultrasonic wave.
  • a rectangular parallelepiped cell made of Tempax glass is used as the cell 202 of the acoustooptic medium unit 2, and the thickness of the glass constituting the cell is 1.1 mm.
  • the cell 202 is filled with a silica nanoporous material having an acoustic velocity of 100 m / s as the acoustooptic medium 201. Since the silica nanoporous material has a relatively low sound velocity, the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave in the acoustooptic medium 201 is shortened, and the diffraction angle can be increased.
  • Tempax glass and silica nanoporous material are transparent to He—Ne laser light having a wavelength of 633 nm, which will be described later.
  • the laser light source 10 a He—Ne laser having a wavelength of 633 nm is used.
  • first-order Bragg diffracted light is generated at a diffraction angle of 0.45 ° by a diffraction grating in a silica nanoporous material generated by 2.5 MHz ultrasonic waves.
  • the scattered ultrasonic wave 7b having information on the object in the object 6 in amplitude and phase acts on the wedge light beam 8 and diffracts, whereby an optical image of the object 6 is obtained in the + 1st order diffracted light beam 8c.
  • FIG. 4 shows a state where a plane wave ultrasonic wave 7 a having a uniform intensity is incident on the acoustooptic medium unit 2.
  • the incidence of a plane wave ultrasonic wave 7 a having a uniform intensity corresponds to the presence of a uniform object within the viewing angle of the object 6 and the ultrasonic wave 7 being uniformly scattered.
  • the light intensity of the obtained diffraction image is preferably uniform.
  • the light intensity distribution of the diffracted light beam 1b generated when the wedge light beam 8 contacts the scattered ultrasonic wave 7b is obtained by calculation.
  • the wedge light beam 8 is treated as a collection of n light beams that pass through the focal point on the focal plane 9 as shown in FIG.
  • the diffraction image generated when the scattered ultrasonic wave 7b and the wedge light beam 8 contact each other in the acousto-optic medium 201 is a sum of diffracted light beams generated by diffracting each light beam by the scattered ultrasonic wave 7b.
  • z coordinate z 0, z m the light beams diffracted by the scattered ultrasonic 7b are perpendicular plane leave the z-axis is z e are each point on z 'axis on the focal plane 9 It shows how an image is formed by z 0 ′, z m ′, and z e ′.
  • the z ′ axis is parallel to and opposite to the y axis.
  • the image formed on the focal plane 9 is an incomplete image that forms an image in the y direction but does not form an image in the x direction. This image is converged in the x direction by the imaging optical system 3 to form an image of the object 6 on the imaging surface 91. As described above, the optical image of the xz plane of the object 6 is generated on the focal plane 9 without forming an image in the x direction.
  • the time at which the scattered ultrasonic wave 7b obtained from the object 6 reaches the acousto-optic medium part 2 varies depending on the position of each part of the object 6 in the y-axis direction.
  • the scattered ultrasonic wave 7 a ′ from the portion of the object 6 that is far from the acoustic aperture 203 of the acoustooptic medium unit 2 in the y-axis direction is delayed from the scattered ultrasonic wave 7 a by the acoustic of the acoustooptic medium unit 2.
  • the opening 203 is reached.
  • the scattered ultrasonic wave 7a ′ propagates as the scattered ultrasonic wave 7b ′ in the acousto-optic medium part 2 with a delay from the scattered ultrasonic wave 7b, thereby generating a + 1st order diffracted light beam 8c ′ later than the + 1st order diffracted light beam 8c.
  • optical images of the object 6 in the xz plane at an arbitrary depth in the y-axis direction are formed at different times. That is, information in the y-axis direction of the object 6 is included in the optical image formed on the focal plane 9 after being converted on the time axis.
  • the light intensity distribution in the y direction of the image on the imaging plane 91 is determined by the light intensity distribution in the y direction of the image of the ⁇ 1st order diffracted light beam 8a or the + 1st order diffracted light beam 8c on the focal plane 9. Therefore, in order to examine the uniformity of the light intensity distribution on the imaging plane 91, the light intensity distribution of the image on the focal plane 9 may be examined.
  • the sound pressure P of the scattered ultrasonic wave 7b at the position (y, z) in the acousto-optic medium 201 is expressed as shown in Expression (2).
  • ⁇ indicates the propagation attenuation rate of the ultrasonic wave in the acoustooptic medium 201
  • P 0 is the scattered light ray I 1 closest to the acoustic aperture 203 at the position (z 0 ) where the wedge light beam 8 is incident on the acoustooptic medium 201.
  • the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave at the position in contact with the ultrasonic wave 7b is shown.
  • the light intensity distribution I image (z ′) of the diffracted image at the focal plane 9 is expressed by the following equation (3).
  • J 1 represents the first-order Bessel function
  • ⁇ n represents the amount of change in the refractive index caused by the sound pressure of 1 Pa
  • ⁇ represents the wavelength of the wedge light beam 8.
  • the sound pressure P 0 can be changed by changing the intensity of the ultrasonic wave 7 incident from the ultrasonic source 5.
  • the diffracted light intensity distribution is expressed by the equation (4) by adjusting the sound pressure P 0. Uses equation (4).
  • the light intensity distribution on the vertical axis in FIG. 5 is normalized so that the light intensity at Z 0 ′ is 1, but from this calculation result, it can be seen that the diffraction image intensity is uniformly distributed. It can be confirmed that a good image can be obtained when the ultrasonic wave propagation attenuation rate ⁇ is very small.
  • the ultrasonic wave propagation attenuation rate ⁇ is large.
  • a silica dry gel or a fluorinated liquid material is used as the material of the acousto-optic medium 201
  • the propagation attenuation factor ⁇ was measured at a frequency of 2.5 MHz in the silica dry gel used as the acoustooptic medium 201 in this example, it was about ⁇ 1.24 Np / mm.
  • the calculation result of the light intensity distribution of the diffraction image in this case is shown in FIG.
  • the minimum value of the light intensity of the diffracted image is about 8% of the maximum value, and it can be confirmed that the intensity distribution of the diffracted light is not uniform and uneven.
  • the propagation attenuation rate ⁇ of the ultrasonic wave is large, even if the object 6 is a uniform object, the intensity distribution of the diffraction image is not uniform, and the image of the object 6 is not included in the obtained image. This suggests that irrelevant luminance unevenness occurs.
  • the y-direction of the wedge beam 8 is reduced in order to reduce the luminance unevenness of the image that is generated regardless of the actual state of the object 6 when the ultrasonic wave propagation attenuation in the acousto-optic medium 201 is large.
  • a distribution is provided for the light intensity at.
  • the intensity of each light beam I k constituting the wedge light beam 8 is set to a constant value as shown in the equation (1), but in the y direction, the equations (6), (7), (8), As shown in the equation (9), a one-light intensity distribution of the diffraction image is calculated in the case where the function is expressed by an N-order function (N is an arbitrary real number) and the exponential function shown in the equation (10).
  • FIGS. 7 (a), (b), (c), (d) and FIG. Expressions (6) to (10) are all simple increase functions, and light rays that are farther away from the acoustic aperture 203 have a higher light intensity distribution.
  • 7 (a), (b), (c), and (d) the maximum and minimum values of the diffracted light intensity are obtained when any of the distributions of the equations (6) to (9) is adopted as compared with FIG. It can be seen that the difference between the values is small, and the unevenness of the light intensity distribution of the diffraction image is reduced.
  • FIG. 8 it can be confirmed from the calculation result of FIG. 8 that the unevenness of the light intensity is reduced in the diffraction image of the wedge light beam even when the light intensity distribution in the form of exponential function is adopted.
  • the electrical signal of the optical image of the object 6 obtained by the imaging unit 4 may be corrected.
  • the acoustooptic imaging device 100 may further include a signal processing unit 21 that receives an electrical signal from the imaging unit 4 and corrects luminance unevenness in the y direction in the optical image of the object 6 represented by the electrical signal.
  • the signal processing unit 21 is represented by a function that monotonously increases the luminance from Z 0 to Z e so that the light intensity distribution shown in FIG. The luminance information of the electric signal may be multiplied by the coefficient.
  • the light intensity distribution does not cause uneven brightness.
  • the light intensity distribution is provided in the wedge light beam 8 as in the formulas (6) to (10)
  • a diffraction image in the case where a material with small propagation attenuation of ultrasonic waves such as water is used as the acoustooptic medium 201.
  • the light intensity distribution was calculated.
  • FIG. 9 shows the calculation result when the light intensity distribution of the wedge light beam 8 is expressed by the equation (8).
  • the acousto-optic medium 201 is not only a material having a large ultrasonic propagation attenuation, such as a silica nanoporous material or a fluorine-based liquid material, but also a water having a small ultrasonic propagation attenuation. It can be said that it is also possible to use.
  • the acousto-optic imaging device of the present embodiment it is possible to obtain an optical image with reduced luminance unevenness even when the ultrasonic wave propagation attenuation rate ⁇ in the acousto-optic medium 201 is large.
  • the inside of the object can be photographed without using a signal processing circuit with high calculation processing capability. .
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the acousto-optic imaging device 101 of the present embodiment.
  • the acoustooptic imaging device 101 includes a wedge light source 1, an acoustooptic medium unit 2, an imaging optical system 3, an imaging unit 4, and an ultrasonic source 5.
  • the wedge light source 1 emits a wedge light beam 8, and the wedge light beam 8 enters the acousto-optic medium unit 2.
  • the wedge light beam 8 has a strong light intensity distribution in the direction away from the acoustic aperture 203 in the y direction.
  • the imaging optical system 3 is disposed on the opposite side of the wedge light source 1 with the acoustooptic medium unit 2 interposed therebetween, and the ⁇ 1 diffracted beam 8a, the 0 diffracted beam 8b, and the +1 diffracted beam 8c transmitted through the acoustooptic medium unit 2. Enters the imaging optical system 3.
  • the imaging unit 4 detects a ⁇ 1 diffracted light beam 8 a or a +1 diffracted light beam 8 c that has passed through the imaging optical system 3.
  • the ultrasonic source 5 is disposed so as to be in contact with the object 6 and outputs the ultrasonic wave 7 inside the object 6.
  • the acoustooptic medium unit 2 is disposed on the opposite side of the ultrasonic wave 7 with the object 6 interposed therebetween, and the scattered ultrasonic wave 7 a ′′ transmitted through the object 6 enters the acoustooptic medium unit 2 from the acoustic aperture 203.
  • the wedge light beam 8 incident from the wedge light source 1 acts on the scattered ultrasonic wave 7b taken into the acousto-optic medium unit 2, thereby -1st order diffraction.
  • a light beam 8a, a 0th-order diffracted light beam 8b, and a + 1st-order diffracted light beam 8c are generated.
  • the diffracted light beams 8a, 8b, and 8c that have passed through the acousto-optic medium unit 2 are incident on the imaging optical system 3, and only the ⁇ 1st order diffracted light beam 8a or the + 1st order diffracted light beam 8c are incident on the imaging unit 4 to form an image. .
  • the ultrasonic source 5 and the acousto-optic medium unit 2 are arranged at positions facing each other with the object 6 interposed therebetween, thereby imaging using the transmitted ultrasound of the object 6. Can be done.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of the acousto-optic imaging device 102 of the present embodiment.
  • the acoustooptic imaging device 102 includes a wedge light source 1, an acoustooptic medium unit 2, an imaging optical system 3, an imaging unit 4, an ultrasonic source 5, an incident side mirror 16a, and an output side mirror 16b.
  • the wedge light beam 8 emitted from the wedge light source 1 is reflected by the incident side mirror 16a and enters the acoustooptic medium unit 2.
  • the wedge light beam 8 has a light intensity that increases in a direction away from the acoustic aperture 203 on the incident surface that is incident on the acoustooptic medium unit 2.
  • the exit side mirror 16b is disposed on the opposite side of the entrance side mirror 16a with the acoustooptic medium unit 2 interposed therebetween, and the -1 diffracted beam 8a, the 0 diffracted beam 8b, and the +1 diffracted beam 8c transmitted through the acoustooptic medium unit 2. Is incident on the imaging optical system 3 after being reflected by the exit side mirror 16b.
  • the imaging unit 4 detects the diffracted light that has passed through the imaging optical system 3.
  • the ultrasonic source 5 is arranged so as to be in contact with the object 6 and outputs the ultrasonic wave 7 to the inside of the object 6.
  • the acoustooptic medium unit 2 is disposed so as to be in contact with the object 6 at the time of imaging, and takes in the scattered ultrasonic waves 7 a generated in the object 6.
  • the wedge light beam 8 incident from the wedge light source 1 acts on the scattered ultrasonic wave 7b taken into the acousto-optic medium part 2, whereby the ⁇ 1st order diffracted light beam 8a and the 0th order diffracted light beam 8b. + 1st order diffracted light beam 8c is generated.
  • the ⁇ 1st order diffracted light beam 8a, the 0th order diffracted light beam 8b, and the + 1st order diffracted light beam 8c transmitted through the acoustooptic medium unit 2 enter the imaging optical system 3, and only the ⁇ 1st order diffracted light beam 8a or the + 1st order diffracted light beam 8c. Enters the imaging unit 4.
  • the wedge light beam 8 enters and exits the acousto-optic medium unit 2 via the incident-side mirror 16a and the exit-side mirror 16b.
  • the system 3 and the imaging unit 4 can be arranged at a position other than a straight line across the acoustooptic medium unit 2. Therefore, the degree of freedom in optical design is increased, and a smaller image pickup apparatus can be provided.
  • the optical element that gives the light intensity distribution to the wedge light beam 8 may be the neutral density filter 14 or the magnifying optical system 11 having the attenuation factor distribution shown in FIGS.
  • a distribution may be given to the reflectance of the incident side mirror 16a to give a light intensity distribution in the y direction of the wedge light beam 8 in the acoustooptic medium unit 2.
  • the acousto-optic imaging device disclosed in the present application is useful as a probe for an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus because it can acquire an ultrasonic image as an optical image. Moreover, since the ultrasonic wave radiated from the vibrating object can be observed as an optical image, it can be applied to uses such as a nondestructive vibration measuring apparatus.
  • wedge light source 2 acousto-optic medium unit 3: coupled lens system 4: imaging unit 5: ultrasonic source 6: object 7: ultrasonic wave 8: wedge beam 9: focal plane 10: laser light source 11: magnifying optical system 12: Optical aperture 13: first cylindrical lens 14: neutral density filter 15 having attenuation factor distribution: light shielding part 16a: incident side mirror 16b: emission side mirror 3a: second cylindrical lens 3b: third cylindrical lens 51: super Acoustic wave signal source 6a: object 7a: scattered ultrasonic wave 7a ': transmitted ultrasonic wave 7b: ultrasonic wave 8a: -1st order diffracted light beam 8b: 0th order diffracted light beam 8c: + 1st order diffracted light beam 81: monochromatic light beam 82, 83: plane wave Luminous flux

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'imagerie acousto-optique comprenant : une source d'ultrasons (1) qui produit des ondes ultrasonores ; une unité formant milieu acousto-optique (2) qui présente une ouverture acoustique et dans laquelle des ondes ultrasonores dispersées produites par les ondes ultrasonores dispersées à l'intérieur d'un objet entrent à l'intérieur depuis l'ouverture acoustique et sont propagées ; une source lumineuse en coin qui émet un faisceau en coin de couleur unique non parallèle par rapport au sens de propagation des ondes ultrasonores dispersées ; un système optique d'imagerie (3) dans lequel entre la lumière diffractée produite par une variation de l'indice de réfraction provoquée dans l'unité formant milieu acousto-optique par la propagation des ondes ultrasonores dispersées ; et une unité d'imagerie (4) qui prend une image produite par la lumière diffractée formée par le système optique d'imagerie et produit un signal électrique. Le faisceau en coin forme un foyer sur une première section transversale qui est parallèle au sens de propagation du faisceau en coin et au sens dans lequel les ondes ultrasonores dispersées sont propagées dans l'unité formant milieu acousto-optique, et se propage en parallèle sans former de foyer sur une seconde section transversale qui est perpendiculaire à la section transversale, le foyer du faisceau en coin sur la première section transversale étant positionné entre l'unité formant milieu acousto-optique (2) et le système optique d'imagerie (3), et l'intensité lumineuse du faisceau en coin dans le sens dans lequel les ondes ultrasonores dispersées sont propagées dans l'unité formant milieu acousto-optique augmente de façon monotone en fonction de la distance par rapport à l'ouverture acoustique.
PCT/JP2014/002134 2013-04-22 2014-04-15 Dispositif d'imagerie acousto-optique WO2014174800A1 (fr)

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