WO2014168503A1 - Device for preheating an internal combustion engine and/or automatic heating - Google Patents

Device for preheating an internal combustion engine and/or automatic heating Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014168503A1
WO2014168503A1 PCT/RU2013/000310 RU2013000310W WO2014168503A1 WO 2014168503 A1 WO2014168503 A1 WO 2014168503A1 RU 2013000310 W RU2013000310 W RU 2013000310W WO 2014168503 A1 WO2014168503 A1 WO 2014168503A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
engine
vehicle
conversion chamber
heat
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PCT/RU2013/000310
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French (fr)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Павел Валерьевич СНЫТНИКОВ
Дмитрий Игоревич ПОТЕМКИН
Владимир Дмитриевич БЕЛЯЕВ
Евгеньевич КРОНБЕРГАлександр
Валерий Александрович КИРИЛЛОВ
Владимир Алексеевич СОБЯНИН
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Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Уникат"
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Priority to PCT/RU2013/000310 priority Critical patent/WO2014168503A1/en
Publication of WO2014168503A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014168503A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2203—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N19/00—Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02N19/02—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks
    • F02N19/04—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks by heating of fluids used in engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N19/00—Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02N19/02—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks
    • F02N19/04—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks by heating of fluids used in engines
    • F02N19/10—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks by heating of fluids used in engines by heating of engine coolants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2268—Constructional features
    • B60H2001/2275—Thermoelectric converters for generating electrical energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to engine heating systems, heating systems of vehicles powered by fuel.
  • ICE internal combustion engine
  • passenger compartment heaters operating on fuel from a vehicle’s tank (US 4718602, ⁇ 60 ⁇ 1 / 22, 01/12/1988).
  • the pre-heater is a device that is primarily installed in the engine compartment.
  • such a device with related devices consists of several main parts: an air supply system, including an air blower motor; a fuel supply system including a fuel metering pump connected to a vehicle fuel tank; chambers with an ignition system, in which the combustion of the supplied fuel takes place; a heat exchanger that connects to the cooling circuit of the engine and to the circuit of the heating system; pump (circulation pump), which pumps the coolant along the cooling circuit of the engine, electronic control system.
  • the engine is heated by complete combustion of the fuel supplied to the device and heating of the heat carrier in the flue gas heat exchanger.
  • the heated coolant passes through the cooling circuit of the switched off engine, due to which it is preliminarily preheated to a predetermined temperature.
  • the pre-heater for example, an air blower motor, pump, ignition system, electronic control system
  • the vehicle When the car engine is off, their work is carried out due to the electric energy stored in the car battery.
  • the prestarting heater is operating in the passenger compartment warm-up mode, the vehicle’s climate system fan runs from the battery.
  • a significant disadvantage of the known device pre-heater is that in conditions of low ambient temperatures, for example, at temperatures below -20 ° C, during the time required to warm up the engine and the passenger compartment of the car, due to the power consumption of the device, the battery is significantly discharged. It is well known that the performance characteristics (for example, capacity, starter current) of a battery at low temperatures deteriorate significantly. Therefore, after the prestarting device operates at low ambient temperatures, due to a drop in the battery capacity and the loss of its ability to give out the necessary starter current, a warmed-up engine may not start.
  • the present invention allows to solve the problem of cogeneration: obtaining heat (for pre-heating the internal combustion engine and / or heating the passenger compartment of the vehicle) and generating electricity (for recharging the battery and providing electricity to the device’s and / or vehicle’s own needs).
  • the problem is solved by using a device for preheating an internal combustion engine and / or autonomous heating.
  • the proposed cogeneration device for preheating an internal combustion engine and / or autonomous heating consists of air supply (3) and dosing (4) systems, including an air blower motor; fuel supply and metering system (2), including a fuel metering pump connected to the fuel tank of a car (1); fuel conversion chambers (7) with a launch system (6); a heat exchanger (5), which is connected to the cooling circuit of the engine; a pump (circulation pump) (16), which pumps the coolant along the cooling circuit of the engine and / or the circuit of the autonomous heating system; exhaust system (8); control systems (18).
  • An engine with an external heat input (DVPT) is integrated into the conversion chamber.
  • DVPT for example, by means of a crank mechanism (9) transforms the energy of the reciprocating motion into power on the shaft, and when connected to an electric generator (17), electricity is generated.
  • the basic design of a fiberboard can consist of a cylinder (10) divided by a displacer (11) into a hot (Yua) (located in the conversion chamber of the cogeneration device) and cold (106) parts (located, for example, outside the cogeneration device).
  • the displacer (11) is not sealed, the annular gap between the displacer and the cylinder provides free gas flow between the hot (10a) and cold (106) part during the reciprocating movement of the displacer (11).
  • the displacer (11) is connected directly to the piston (12), so they move together as a unit.
  • the annular gap between the piston (12) and the cylinder (10) is sealed with a non-contact seal (13).
  • the piston (12) is connected to the crank mechanism (9) to transform the energy of the reciprocating motion into power on the shaft.
  • the cylinder also has two valves (14) and (15), for example, in the hot (10a) and cold (106) parts of the cylinder, respectively.
  • the cylinder is filled with a gaseous working fluid, for example, air at atmospheric pressure.
  • Air and fuel supply and dosing systems, a conversion chamber, a start system, a heat exchanger, a pump, an exhaust system, a control system, an engine with external heat supply, an electric generator are separate structures or can be integrated with each other.
  • the design of the proposed device allows preheating or evaporation of fuel and air before being fed to the launch system and / or the fuel conversion chamber.
  • the cooling system of the internal combustion engine and / or the autonomous heating system (climate or air conditioning system) of the vehicle is connected to the heat exchanger of the device, thereby pre-heating the engine before starting it at low temperatures and / or heating the vehicle.
  • the vehicle’s electrical system is connected to a cogeneration device, whereby the electricity generated in the electric generator is stored in the vehicle’s battery and / or spent on the auxiliary needs of the cogeneration device and / or vehicle.
  • the proposed cogeneration device for preheating an internal combustion engine and / or autonomous heating in conjunction with the main systems ensuring its operation is schematically depicted.
  • the operation of a cogeneration device for a pre-heater of an internal combustion engine and / or autonomous heating, formed in accordance with the invention can, for example, be carried out as follows.
  • the initial start-up of the device is carried out from the electrical system of the vehicle, in particular, from the battery.
  • a fuel-air mixture is supplied to the fuel conversion chamber (7) by means of a supply system (3) and a dosing (4) of air and a fuel supply and dosing system (2), which is ignited by a start system (6), hot products of fuel combustion, passing through the heat exchanger (5), heat the heat transfer fluid (cold coolant (XT) becomes hot (GT) coolant), pumped with a pump (16) through the cooling system of the internal combustion engine, due to which it is pre-charged Second heating.
  • the products of the combustion reaction (PR) are removed from the conversion chamber through the exhaust system (8).
  • the liquid the heat carrier heats the radiator of the vehicle’s climate system, which makes it possible, for example, to quickly warm up the vehicle using a climate system fan.
  • the hot products of fuel combustion produce heating of the hot part of the DVPT cylinder (10a), which is located in the fuel conversion chamber (7) of the cogeneration device. Heating leads to an increase in pressure inside the cylinder (10), which causes the movement of the piston (12) and the crank mechanism (9) connected to it. During this movement, the displacer (11) displaces the air from the cold part of the cylinder (106), and the pressure gradually increases, moving the piston (12) further.
  • the valve (14) located in the hot part of the cylinder (10a) opens and hot gas is released from the cylinder (10) outward until the pressure inside and outside the cylinder (10) is equal. Then the valve (14) closes, and the piston (12) begins to move in the opposite direction under the influence of the inertia of the crank mechanism (9). During this movement, the remaining air is cooled and its pressure drops below the pressure outside the cylinder (10). As a result, external atmospheric pressure accelerates the movement of the piston (12), creating a vacuum (vacuum).
  • the valve (15) in the cold part of the cylinder (106) opens, connecting the internal volume of the cylinder (10) with the surrounding atmosphere and it is filled with air.
  • the efficiency of a heat engine will be the higher, the greater the difference between the cold (106) and hot (10a) parts of the cylinder, therefore, with a decrease in the ambient temperature, the efficiency of the DVPT, and, accordingly, of the cogeneration device as a whole, will increase.
  • the design of the cogeneration device allows hot gas, when the valve (14) is opened from the cylinder (10), it is possible to supply fuel to the conversion chamber with the help of the air supply system (4), due to which the efficiency of the device can also be increased.
  • the considered example does not show and does not limit all possible options for the implementation of the design of the cogeneration device.
  • the present invention improves the safety, comfort, economy, durability and environmental cleanliness of the car, since before the trip: the engine is warm and easy to start, which not only saves time and effort, but also significantly reduces fuel consumption, the overall load battery, engine wear and emissions; it is warm in the cabin, which improves driving comfort, improves reaction and makes it easy to fasten your seat belt (no need to sit in the car in bulky outerwear); the glasses are free from ice and snow, do not fog up, and the wipers do not freeze, which provides a good overview from the very beginning of the trip.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to engine heating systems and to vehicle heating systems operating on fuel immediately onboard vehicles or as part of a stationary power plant with an engine. A cogeneration device for preheating an engine, and automatic heating comprises a system of feeding and metering air and fuel, a fuel conversion chamber, a startup system, a heat exchanger, a pump, a system for discharging exhaust gases, and a control system, wherein an engine with an external supply of heat is mounted in the fuel conversion chamber and is connected to an electric generator, which makes it possible, when combusting fuel in the fuel conversion chamber, to generate electrical energy and to heat a heat transfer agent circulating through the heat exchanger. What is described is the operation of the proposed device. The technical result consists in improving the characteristics in respect of the functionality, safety, comfort, economy, service life and ecological cleanliness of an automobile or a power plant.

Description

Устройство для предпускового подогрева двигателя внутреннего сгорания и/или автономного отопления.  Device for preheating an internal combustion engine and / or autonomous heating.
Изобретение относится к системам нагрева двигателя, системам отопления транспортных средств, работающих на топливе. The invention relates to engine heating systems, heating systems of vehicles powered by fuel.
Прогрев двигателя внутреннего сгорания (ДВС) и салона автомобиля перед пуском, а иногда и во время движения - необходимое условие его нормальной эксплуатации в условиях низких отрицательных температур окружающей среды. Для решения этой проблемы известны устройства- подогреватели двигателя и салона, работающие на топливе из бака автомобиля (US 4718602, В60Н1/22, 12.01.1988). Предпусковой подогреватель представляет собой прибор, который преимущественно устанавливается в моторном отсеке. Конструктивно такой прибор с сопутствующими устройствами состоит из нескольких основных частей: системы подачи воздуха, включающей мотор нагнетателя воздуха; системы подачи топлива, включающей топливный насос- дозатор, соединенной с топливным баком автомобиля; камеры с системой поджига, в которой происходит пламенное сгорание подаваемого топлива; теплообменника, который подсоединяется к охлаждающему контуру двигателя и к контуру системы отопления; помпы (циркуляционного насоса), которая прокачивает охлаждающую жидкость по охлаждающему контуру двигателя, системы электронного управления. Прогрев двигателя осуществляется за счет полного сгорания подаваемого в прибор топлива и нагрева теплоносителя в теплообменнике дымовыми газами. Нагретый теплоноситель проходит через охлаждающий контур выключенного двигателя за счет чего достигается его предварительный предпусковой прогрев до заданной температуры. Кроме этого, при включении системы циркуляции воздуха (системы кондиционирования) внутри автомобиля может быть осуществлен прогрев его салона. Известны также еще устройства-подогреватели двигателя и салона (US 5050796, В60Н1/02, 24.09.1991), автомобильные обогреватели (SU 1508972, В60Н1/22, 15.09.89; RU2260516, В60Н1/22, 20.09.2005), горелки для мобильного нагревательного прибора (RU 2309330, F23D14/04, 27.10.2007), которые отличаются от вышеописанного устройства лишь конструктивными доработками различных частей устройства. Warming up the internal combustion engine (ICE) and the passenger compartment before starting, and sometimes during driving, is a necessary condition for its normal operation in low negative ambient temperatures. To solve this problem, there are known devices — engine and passenger compartment heaters operating on fuel from a vehicle’s tank (US 4718602, В60Н1 / 22, 01/12/1988). The pre-heater is a device that is primarily installed in the engine compartment. Structurally, such a device with related devices consists of several main parts: an air supply system, including an air blower motor; a fuel supply system including a fuel metering pump connected to a vehicle fuel tank; chambers with an ignition system, in which the combustion of the supplied fuel takes place; a heat exchanger that connects to the cooling circuit of the engine and to the circuit of the heating system; pump (circulation pump), which pumps the coolant along the cooling circuit of the engine, electronic control system. The engine is heated by complete combustion of the fuel supplied to the device and heating of the heat carrier in the flue gas heat exchanger. The heated coolant passes through the cooling circuit of the switched off engine, due to which it is preliminarily preheated to a predetermined temperature. In addition, when you turn on the air circulation system (air conditioning system) inside the car, it can be heated inside. Also known are engine and interior heater devices (US 5050796, B60H1 / 02, 09.24.1991), car heaters (SU 1508972, B60H1 / 22, 15.09.89; RU2260516, B60H1 / 22, 09.20.2005), burners for mobile heating device (RU 2309330, F23D14 / 04, 10.27.2007), which differ from the above device only in structural modifications of various parts of the device.
Многие части предпускового подогревателя, например, мотор нагнетателя воздуха, помпа, система поджига, электронная система управления подключены к бортовой электрической сети транспортного средства. При выключенном двигателе автомобиля их работа осуществляется за счет электрической энергии, запасенной в аккумуляторе автомобиля. Также, при работе предпускового подогревателя в режиме прогрева салона, от аккумулятора работает вентилятор климатической системы автомобиля. Существенным недостатком известного устройства предпускового подогревателя является то, что в условиях низких температур окружающей среды, например, при температурах ниже -20°С, за время, необходимое для прогрева двигателя и салона автомобиля, за счет потребления электроэнергии устройством происходит существенная разрядка аккумулятора. Хорошо известно, что эксплуатационные характеристики (например, емкость, стартерный ток) аккумулятора при низких температурах существенно ухудшаются. Поэтому после работы предпускового устройства при низких температурах окружающей среды, из-за падения емкости аккумулятора и потери его способности выдать необходимый стартерный ток, прогретый двигатель - может не завестись.  Many parts of the pre-heater, for example, an air blower motor, pump, ignition system, electronic control system, are connected to the vehicle electrical system. When the car engine is off, their work is carried out due to the electric energy stored in the car battery. Also, when the prestarting heater is operating in the passenger compartment warm-up mode, the vehicle’s climate system fan runs from the battery. A significant disadvantage of the known device pre-heater, is that in conditions of low ambient temperatures, for example, at temperatures below -20 ° C, during the time required to warm up the engine and the passenger compartment of the car, due to the power consumption of the device, the battery is significantly discharged. It is well known that the performance characteristics (for example, capacity, starter current) of a battery at low temperatures deteriorate significantly. Therefore, after the prestarting device operates at low ambient temperatures, due to a drop in the battery capacity and the loss of its ability to give out the necessary starter current, a warmed-up engine may not start.
Предлагаемое изобретение позволяет решать задачу когенерации: получения тепла (для предпускового прогрева двигателя внутреннего сгорания и/или прогрева салона транспортного средства) и получения электроэнергии (для подзарядки аккумулятора и обеспечения электроэнергией собственных нужд устройства и/или транспортного средства).  The present invention allows to solve the problem of cogeneration: obtaining heat (for pre-heating the internal combustion engine and / or heating the passenger compartment of the vehicle) and generating electricity (for recharging the battery and providing electricity to the device’s and / or vehicle’s own needs).
Задача решается благодаря использованию устройства для предпускового подогрева двигателя внутреннего сгорания и/или автономного отопления.  The problem is solved by using a device for preheating an internal combustion engine and / or autonomous heating.
Предлагаемое когенерационное устройство для предпускового подогрева двигателя внутреннего сгорания и/или автономного отопления, состоит из системы подачи (3) и дозирования (4) воздуха, включающей мотор нагнетателя воздуха; системы подачи и дозирования топлива (2), включающей топливный насос-дозатор, соединенной с топливным баком автомобиля (1); камеры конверсии подаваемого топлива (7) с системой запуска (6); теплообменника (5), который подсоединяется к охлаждающему контуру двигателя; помпы (циркуляционного насоса) (16), которая прокачивает теплоноситель по охлаждающему контуру двигателя и/или контуру системы автономного отопления; системы выпуска выхлопных газов (8); системы управления (18). The proposed cogeneration device for preheating an internal combustion engine and / or autonomous heating, consists of air supply (3) and dosing (4) systems, including an air blower motor; fuel supply and metering system (2), including a fuel metering pump connected to the fuel tank of a car (1); fuel conversion chambers (7) with a launch system (6); a heat exchanger (5), which is connected to the cooling circuit of the engine; a pump (circulation pump) (16), which pumps the coolant along the cooling circuit of the engine and / or the circuit of the autonomous heating system; exhaust system (8); control systems (18).
В камеру конверсии интегрирован двигатель с внешним подводом тепла (ДВПТ). ДВПТ, например, посредством кривошипно-шатунного механизма (9) трансформирует энергию возвратно-поступательного движения в мощность на валу, и при соединении с электрогенератором (17) происходит выработка электроэнергии.  An engine with an external heat input (DVPT) is integrated into the conversion chamber. DVPT, for example, by means of a crank mechanism (9) transforms the energy of the reciprocating motion into power on the shaft, and when connected to an electric generator (17), electricity is generated.
Принципиальная конструкция ДВПТ, например, может состоять из цилиндра (10), разделенного вытеснителем (11) на горячую (Юа) (расположенную в камере конверсии когенерационного устройства) и холодную (106) части (расположенную, например, снаружи когенерационного устройства). Вытеснитель (11) не уплотнен, кольцевой зазор между вытеснителем и цилиндром обеспечивает свободный переток газа между горячей (10а) и холодной (106) частью во время возвратно-поступательного движения вытеснителя (11). Вытеснитель (11) соединен непосредственно с поршнем (12), поэтому они двигаются совместно как одно целое. Кольцевой зазор между поршнем (12) и цилиндром (10) уплотнен бесконтактным уплотнением (13). Поршень (12) соединен с кривошипно-шатунным механизмом (9) для трансформации энергии возвратно-поступательного движения в мощность на валу. Цилиндр также имеет два клапана (14) и (15), например, в горячей (10а) и холодной (106) частях цилиндра, соответственно. Цилиндр заполнен газообразным рабочим телом, например, воздухом при атмосферном давлении.  The basic design of a fiberboard, for example, can consist of a cylinder (10) divided by a displacer (11) into a hot (Yua) (located in the conversion chamber of the cogeneration device) and cold (106) parts (located, for example, outside the cogeneration device). The displacer (11) is not sealed, the annular gap between the displacer and the cylinder provides free gas flow between the hot (10a) and cold (106) part during the reciprocating movement of the displacer (11). The displacer (11) is connected directly to the piston (12), so they move together as a unit. The annular gap between the piston (12) and the cylinder (10) is sealed with a non-contact seal (13). The piston (12) is connected to the crank mechanism (9) to transform the energy of the reciprocating motion into power on the shaft. The cylinder also has two valves (14) and (15), for example, in the hot (10a) and cold (106) parts of the cylinder, respectively. The cylinder is filled with a gaseous working fluid, for example, air at atmospheric pressure.
Системы подачи и дозирования воздуха и топлива, камера конверсии, система запуска, теплообменник, помпа, система выпуска выхлопных газов, система управления, двигатель с внешним подводом тепла, электрогенератор представляют собой раздельные конструкции или могут быть интегрированы друг с другом. Конструкция предлагаемого устройства позволяет проводить предварительный нагрев или испарение топлива и воздуха перед подачей в систему запуска и/или камеру конверсии топлива. Air and fuel supply and dosing systems, a conversion chamber, a start system, a heat exchanger, a pump, an exhaust system, a control system, an engine with external heat supply, an electric generator are separate structures or can be integrated with each other. The design of the proposed device allows preheating or evaporation of fuel and air before being fed to the launch system and / or the fuel conversion chamber.
Система охлаждения двигателя внутреннего сгорания и/или система автономного отопления (климатическая система или система кондиционирования) транспортного средства соединена с теплообменником устройства за счет чего осуществляют предварительный подогрев двигателя перед его запуском при низких температурах и/или обогрев транспортного средства. Электрическая система транспортного средства соединена с когенерационньм устройством, за счет чего вырабатываемая в электрогенераторе электроэнергия запасается в аккумуляторе транспортного средства и/или расходуется на собственные нужды когенерационного устройства и/или транспортного средства.  The cooling system of the internal combustion engine and / or the autonomous heating system (climate or air conditioning system) of the vehicle is connected to the heat exchanger of the device, thereby pre-heating the engine before starting it at low temperatures and / or heating the vehicle. The vehicle’s electrical system is connected to a cogeneration device, whereby the electricity generated in the electric generator is stored in the vehicle’s battery and / or spent on the auxiliary needs of the cogeneration device and / or vehicle.
В качестве примера на Фиг. схематично изображено предлагаемое когенерационное устройство для предпускового подогрева двигателя внутреннего сгорания и/или автономного отопления в сопряжении с основными системами, обеспечивающими его функционирование.  As an example in FIG. The proposed cogeneration device for preheating an internal combustion engine and / or autonomous heating in conjunction with the main systems ensuring its operation is schematically depicted.
Работа когенерационного устройства для предпускового подогревателя двигателя внутреннего сгорания и/или автономного отопления, сформированного в соответствии с изобретением, может, например, осуществляться следующим образом. Первоначальный запуск устройства осуществляется от электрической системы транспортного средства, в частности, от аккумулятора. Под контролем системы управления (18) в камеру конверсии топлива (7) при помощи системы подачи (3) и дозирования (4) воздуха и системы подачи и дозирования топлива (2) подается топливовоздушная смесь, которая при помощи системы запуска (6) воспламеняется, горячие продукты сгорания топлива, проходя через теплообменник (5), нагревают жидкость- теплоноситель (холодный теплоноситель (XT) становится горячим (ГТ) теплоносителем), прокачиваемую при помощи помпы (16) по системе охлаждения двигателя внутреннего сгорания, за счет чего происходит его предпусковой разогрев. Продукты реакции горения (ПР) удаляются из камеры конверсии через систему выпуска выхлопных газов (8). В случае работы когенерационного устройства в режиме автономного отопления, жидкость- теплоноситель нагревает радиатор климатической системы транспортного средства, что позволяет при помощи, например, вентилятора климатической системы быстро произвести прогрев транспортного средства. Одновременно с вышеописанным процессом нагрева жидкости-теплоносителя, горячие продукты сгорания топлива производят нагрев горячей части цилиндра (10а) ДВПТ, которая располагается в камере конверсии топлива (7) когенерационного устройства. Нагрев приводит к росту давления внутри цилиндра (10), что вызывает движение поршня (12) и соединенного с ним кривошипно-шатунного механизма (9). Во время этого движения вытеснитель (11) вытесняет воздух из холодной части цилиндра (106), и давление постепенно возрастает, сдвигая поршень (12) далее. Когда ход поршня (12) заканчивается, клапан (14), расположенный в горячей части цилиндра (10а) открывается, и горячий газ выделяется из цилиндра (10) наружу, пока давление внутри и снаружи цилиндра (10) не сравняются. Затем клапан (14) закрывается, и поршень (12) начинает движение в обратном направлении под воздействием инерционности кривошипно-шатунного механизма (9). Во время этого движения оставшийся воздух охлаждается и его давление падает ниже давления снаружи цилиндра (10). В результате внешнее атмосферное давление ускоряет движение поршня (12), создавая разрежение (вакуум). В конце хода поршня (12) клапан (15) в холодной части цилиндра (106) открывается, соединяя внутренний объем цилиндра (10) с окружающей атмосферой и происходит его заполнение воздухом. Затем клапан (15) закрывается, и поршень (12) опять перемещается под действием инерционности кривошипно-шатунного механизма (9), выталкивая холодный воздух в горячую зону. После чего весь цикл повторяется. Электрогенератор (17), подключенный к кривошипно-шатунному механизму (9) ДВПТ, вырабатывает электричество, которое идет на подзарядку аккумулятора, а также задействуется для работы частей самого когенерационного устройства, требующих электропитания. The operation of a cogeneration device for a pre-heater of an internal combustion engine and / or autonomous heating, formed in accordance with the invention, can, for example, be carried out as follows. The initial start-up of the device is carried out from the electrical system of the vehicle, in particular, from the battery. Under the control of the control system (18), a fuel-air mixture is supplied to the fuel conversion chamber (7) by means of a supply system (3) and a dosing (4) of air and a fuel supply and dosing system (2), which is ignited by a start system (6), hot products of fuel combustion, passing through the heat exchanger (5), heat the heat transfer fluid (cold coolant (XT) becomes hot (GT) coolant), pumped with a pump (16) through the cooling system of the internal combustion engine, due to which it is pre-charged Second heating. The products of the combustion reaction (PR) are removed from the conversion chamber through the exhaust system (8). In case of operation of the cogeneration device in the autonomous heating mode, the liquid the heat carrier heats the radiator of the vehicle’s climate system, which makes it possible, for example, to quickly warm up the vehicle using a climate system fan. Simultaneously with the above-described process of heating the heat-transfer fluid, the hot products of fuel combustion produce heating of the hot part of the DVPT cylinder (10a), which is located in the fuel conversion chamber (7) of the cogeneration device. Heating leads to an increase in pressure inside the cylinder (10), which causes the movement of the piston (12) and the crank mechanism (9) connected to it. During this movement, the displacer (11) displaces the air from the cold part of the cylinder (106), and the pressure gradually increases, moving the piston (12) further. When the stroke of the piston (12) ends, the valve (14) located in the hot part of the cylinder (10a) opens and hot gas is released from the cylinder (10) outward until the pressure inside and outside the cylinder (10) is equal. Then the valve (14) closes, and the piston (12) begins to move in the opposite direction under the influence of the inertia of the crank mechanism (9). During this movement, the remaining air is cooled and its pressure drops below the pressure outside the cylinder (10). As a result, external atmospheric pressure accelerates the movement of the piston (12), creating a vacuum (vacuum). At the end of the stroke of the piston (12), the valve (15) in the cold part of the cylinder (106) opens, connecting the internal volume of the cylinder (10) with the surrounding atmosphere and it is filled with air. Then the valve (15) closes, and the piston (12) again moves under the inertia of the crank mechanism (9), pushing the cold air into the hot zone. After which the whole cycle is repeated. An electric generator (17), connected to the DVPT crank mechanism (9), generates electricity, which is used to recharge the battery, and is also used to operate parts of the cogeneration device that require power.
Как известно, эффективность теплового двигателя будет тем выше, чем больше разница между холодной (106) и горячей (10а) частью цилиндра, поэтому при снижении температуры окружающего воздуха эффективность ДВПТ, и, соответственно, когенерационного устройства в целом, будет возрастать. Конструкция когенерационного устройства позволяет горячий газ, выделяющийся из цилиндра (10) ДВПТ при открытии клапана (14), при помощи системы подачи воздуха (4) подавать в камеру конверсии топлива, за счет чего эффективность устройства также может быть увеличена. As is known, the efficiency of a heat engine will be the higher, the greater the difference between the cold (106) and hot (10a) parts of the cylinder, therefore, with a decrease in the ambient temperature, the efficiency of the DVPT, and, accordingly, of the cogeneration device as a whole, will increase. The design of the cogeneration device allows hot gas, when the valve (14) is opened from the cylinder (10), it is possible to supply fuel to the conversion chamber with the help of the air supply system (4), due to which the efficiency of the device can also be increased.
Рассмотренный пример не показывает и не ограничивает всех возможных вариантов реализации конструкции когенерационного устройства.  The considered example does not show and does not limit all possible options for the implementation of the design of the cogeneration device.
Таким образом, предлагаемое изобретение улучшает показатели безопасности, комфорта, экономичности, долговечности и экологической чистоты автомобиля, так как до начала поездки: двигатель прогрет и легко заводится, что не только экономит время и силы, но и позволяет заметно снизить потребление топлива, общую нагрузку на аккумулятор, износ двигателя и объём вредных выбросов; в салоне тепло, что повышает удобство вождения, улучшает реакцию и даёт возможность спокойно пристегнуть ремень (не нужно сидеть в машине в громоздкой верхней одежде); стёкла свободны ото льда и снега, не запотевают, не примерзают "дворники", что обеспечивает хороший обзор с самого начала поездки.  Thus, the present invention improves the safety, comfort, economy, durability and environmental cleanliness of the car, since before the trip: the engine is warm and easy to start, which not only saves time and effort, but also significantly reduces fuel consumption, the overall load battery, engine wear and emissions; it is warm in the cabin, which improves driving comfort, improves reaction and makes it easy to fasten your seat belt (no need to sit in the car in bulky outerwear); the glasses are free from ice and snow, do not fog up, and the wipers do not freeze, which provides a good overview from the very beginning of the trip.

Claims

Формула изобретения Claim
1. Устройство для предпускового подогрева двигателя внутреннего сгорания и/или автономного отопления, состоящее из системы подачи и дозирования воздуха и топлива, системы запуска, камеры конверсии топлива, теплообменника, помпы, системы выпуска выхлопных газов, системы управления, отличающееся тем, что в камере конверсии топлива установлен двигатель с внешним подводом тепла, соединенный с электрогенератором, что позволяет, при сжигании топлива в камере конверсии топлива, производить нагрев теплоносителя, циркулирующего через теплообменник, и проводить генерирование электроэнергии для использования в электрической системе транспортного средства. 1. Device for preheating an internal combustion engine and / or autonomous heating, consisting of a system for supplying and dispensing air and fuel, a starting system, a fuel conversion chamber, a heat exchanger, a pump, an exhaust system, a control system, characterized in that in the chamber a fuel conversion engine is installed with an external heat supply connected to an electric generator, which allows, when burning fuel in the fuel conversion chamber, to heat the coolant circulating through a heat exchange nnik, and carry out the generation of electricity for use in the electrical system of the vehicle.
2. Устройство по п. 1, отличающееся тем, что системы подачи и дозирования воздуха и топлива, система запуска, камера конверсии топлива, теплообменник, помпа, система выпуска выхлопных газов, система управления, двигатель с внешним подводом тепла, электрогенератор представляют собой раздельные конструкции или могут быть интегрированы друг с другом.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air and fuel supply and batching systems, the start-up system, the fuel conversion chamber, the heat exchanger, the pump, the exhaust system, the control system, the engine with external heat supply, and the electric generator are separate structures or can be integrated with each other.
3. Устройство по п. 1, отличающееся тем, что его конструкция позволяет проводить предварительный нагрев или испарение топлива и воздуха перед подачей в систему запуска и/или камеру конверсии топлива.  3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that its design allows preheating or evaporation of fuel and air before being fed to the launch system and / or fuel conversion chamber.
4. Устройство по п. 1, отличающееся тем, что система запуска включает в себя систему подачи и дозирования топлива и воздуха.  4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the start-up system includes a system for supplying and dosing fuel and air.
5. Устройство по п. 1, отличающееся тем, что система охлаждения двигателя внутреннего сгорания и/или система автономного отопления транспортного средства соединена с теплообменником устройства за счет чего осуществляют предварительный подогрев двигателя внутреннего сгорания перед его запуском при низких температурах и/или обогрев транспортного средства.  5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling system of the internal combustion engine and / or the autonomous heating system of the vehicle is connected to the heat exchanger of the device, thereby preheating the internal combustion engine before starting it at low temperatures and / or heating the vehicle .
6. Устройство по п. 1, отличающееся тем, что электрическая система транспортного средства соединена с устройством, за счет чего вырабатываемая в электрогенераторе электроэнергия запасается в аккумуляторе транспортного средства и/или расходуется на собственные нужды устройства и/или транспортного средства.  6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vehicle’s electrical system is connected to the device, due to which the electricity generated in the electric generator is stored in the vehicle’s battery and / or spent on the device’s and / or vehicle’s own needs.
PCT/RU2013/000310 2013-04-11 2013-04-11 Device for preheating an internal combustion engine and/or automatic heating WO2014168503A1 (en)

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RU2440507C1 (en) * 2010-05-26 2012-01-20 Учреждение Российской Академии наук Институт катализа им. Г.К. Борескова Сибирского отделения РАН (ИК СО РАН) Device for pre-startup heating of engine, independent heating, generation of hydrogen-bearing gas and operating method of device

Patent Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19745167A1 (en) * 1996-10-14 1998-06-10 Volkswagen Ag Stirling machine operating method for vehicle esp electric vehicle
DE10013080A1 (en) * 2000-03-17 2001-09-20 Still Gmbh Drive system for mobile electrically driven machine, especially industrial truck, has drive machine designed as Stirling engine, traction battery provided and electrical drive motor(s) supplied by generator and/or traction battery
US20040031859A1 (en) * 2000-05-26 2004-02-19 Waalders Erwin Johannes Maria Apparatus and method for combined generation of heat and electricity
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