WO2014156390A1 - Battery system for industrial machine - Google Patents

Battery system for industrial machine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014156390A1
WO2014156390A1 PCT/JP2014/054048 JP2014054048W WO2014156390A1 WO 2014156390 A1 WO2014156390 A1 WO 2014156390A1 JP 2014054048 W JP2014054048 W JP 2014054048W WO 2014156390 A1 WO2014156390 A1 WO 2014156390A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
battery units
switch
switching means
parallel
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PCT/JP2014/054048
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
石川　直樹
雄旭 井田
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三菱重工業株式会社
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Publication of WO2014156390A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014156390A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to a battery system for an industrial machine mounted on an industrial machine.
  • lithium ion batteries capable of rapid charging as secondary batteries mounted on electric vehicles has become widespread.
  • This lithium ion battery can be increased in voltage as compared with a conventional lead battery, and the increase in voltage is also progressing for various components such as a motor and an inverter for an electric vehicle.
  • the development of charging standards and the like for rapid charging of lithium ion batteries mounted on these electric vehicles is underway.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses an invention relating to a battery pack configured such that a plurality of battery cells can be connected in parallel or in series according to the use state of the battery.
  • the invention described in Patent Document 1 relates to a battery pack mainly used for portable electronic devices such as notebook PCs and mobile phones, and is completely applicable to the present invention for industrial machines. Different fields are used. Therefore, in the battery pack of Patent Document 1, the idea is completely opposite to that of the present invention described later, such as connecting battery cells in parallel during charging and connecting battery cells in series during discharging.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a conventional low-voltage component that can be rapidly charged under a high voltage.
  • the object is to provide a battery system for industrial machinery that can be used.
  • At least one embodiment of the present invention provides: In battery systems for industrial machines mounted on industrial machines, A charging input unit capable of inputting electric power into the battery system from outside the battery system; A plurality of battery units having battery cells capable of storing power to be supplied to a power load of the industrial machine and capable of charging power supplied from the charge input unit; The plurality of battery units and the charging input unit; and the electric circuits capable of electrically connecting the plurality of battery units and the power load, respectively.
  • Charge / discharge switching means for selectively switching a state in which the battery unit and the charge input unit can be electrically connected, or a state in which the battery unit and the power load can be electrically connected;
  • Parallel / series switching means for selectively switching the electrical connection between the plurality of battery units in parallel or in series;
  • a control device capable of controlling the charge / discharge switching means and the parallel / series switching means, The controller is At the time of discharging to supply power of the battery unit to the power load, the charge load / discharge switching means is controlled so that the power load and the plurality of battery units can be electrically connected, and between the plurality of battery units.
  • the battery system includes a plurality of battery units, and the electrical connection between the plurality of battery units is switched in parallel at the time of discharging and is switched in series at the time of charging. .
  • the entire battery system is brought to a high voltage, and the current value borne by one cell of the battery unit is larger than that in parallel. Fast charging under high voltage is possible.
  • the battery system as a whole has a low voltage, so that conventional low-voltage components can be used as they are.
  • a battery in an existing industrial machine It is also possible to simply replace only the equipment.
  • the current value borne by one cell of the battery unit is smaller than that in series, the industrial machine can be driven for a long time.
  • the industrial machine battery system further comprises an electrical resistor, and a resistor switching means for selectively switching between a state in which current flows or a state in which no current flows through the electrical resistor
  • the controller is At the time of balancing between battery units executed to eliminate the voltage difference between the plurality of battery units, the parallel / series switching means is controlled to switch the electrical connection between the plurality of battery units in parallel, and The resistor switching means is controlled so that a current flows through the electric resistor.
  • the battery cell can be prevented from being damaged by a large current flowing through the battery.
  • the parallel / series switching means electrically connects the plurality of battery units so that only the remaining battery units excluding any part of the battery units from the plurality of battery units are electrically connected to the power load.
  • the controller is At the time of partial discharge in which the power of the remaining battery units excluding some of the battery units from the plurality of battery units is supplied to the power load, the charging is performed so that the battery units and the power load can be electrically connected.
  • the discharge switching means is controlled, and the parallel / series switching means is controlled so that only the remaining battery unit is electrically connected to the power load.
  • the industrial machine since only the remaining battery units excluding some battery units from the plurality of battery units can be electrically connected to the electrical load of the industrial machine, for example, the plurality of battery units When a part of the battery unit fails, the industrial machine can be operated with only the remaining battery unit excluding the failed battery unit.
  • the parallel / series switching means includes a positive electrode switch provided on the positive electrode side of one battery unit, and a negative electrode provided on the negative electrode side of the other battery unit, out of two battery units arranged to be electrically connectable.
  • the two battery units are electrically connected in parallel by selectively switching the positive side switch to one side and the negative side switch to the other side, respectively.
  • the two battery units are configured to be electrically connected in series by selectively switching the positive side switch to the other side and the negative side switch to one side.
  • the above-described parallel / series switching unit can be realized by a simple configuration including two types of switches, a positive electrode side switch and a negative electrode side switch.
  • the electrical resistor includes at least one of a light emitting unit that emits light by electric power and a sound generating unit that emits sound by electric power. According to such an embodiment, for example, when the balance between the battery units is executed to eliminate the voltage difference between the plurality of battery units described above, the light emission of the light emitting unit is stopped or the notification sound generated from the sound generating unit is stopped. Thus, it can be recognized that the voltage difference between the plurality of battery units is eliminated.
  • the electrical resistor is configured such that its resistance value is variable. According to such an embodiment, for example, at the time of balancing between the battery units described above, the resistance value is changed according to the voltage difference between the plurality of battery units and other conditions, thereby requiring balance between the battery units. Time can be controlled.
  • a lithium ion battery cell suitable for rapid charging and capable of increasing the voltage can be suitably used as the battery cell.
  • the electrical connection between the plurality of battery units is configured to be switched in parallel at the time of discharging and to be switched in series at the time of charging. Therefore, it is possible to provide a battery system for industrial machinery that can use conventional low-voltage components.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a control state during discharging in the industrial machine battery system shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a control state during charging in the industrial machine battery system shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a control state when balancing between battery units in the battery system for industrial machinery shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a control state at the time of partial discharge in the battery system for industrial machinery shown in FIG. 1.
  • the battery system for industrial machines shown in FIG. 1 it is a figure for demonstrating the control state at the time of voltage measurement.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematic structure of the battery system for industrial machines concerning one Embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a control state during discharging in the industrial machine battery system shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a control state during charging in the industrial machine battery system shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a control state when balancing between
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a control state during discharging in the industrial machine battery system shown in FIG. 8. It is a figure for demonstrating the control state at the time of charge in the battery system for industrial machines shown in FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the control state at the time of partial discharge in the battery system for industrial machines shown in FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the control state at the time of partial discharge in the battery system for industrial machines shown in FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the control state at the time of partial discharge in the battery system for industrial machines shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a control state when balancing between battery units in the battery system for industrial machinery shown in FIG. 8. It is the figure which showed the discharge control flow of the battery system for industrial machines concerning one Embodiment. It is the figure which showed the charge control flow of the battery system for industrial machines concerning one Embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a battery system 1a for an industrial machine according to an embodiment.
  • the battery system 1a for industrial machines of this embodiment is mounted on an industrial machine and configured to supply electric power to an electric load of the industrial machine.
  • a circuit 4 battery units Ba 1 and Ba 2 including a plurality of battery cells 5, an electric resistor 6, a voltage measuring device 8, switches SW 1 to SW 6 as various switching means, and a control device 10 for switching and controlling these switching means.
  • the electric circuit 4 is configured to be electrically connectable to the quick charger 20 provided outside the battery system 1a and the power load 30 of the industrial machine.
  • battery-type industrial vehicles such as battery-type forklifts, automatic guided vehicles, premises transportation vehicles, traction vehicles, straddle carriers, mining machinery, chemical machinery, environmental devices, power transmission devices, Includes electric machinery and equipment used in industrial sites such as tanks, commercial washing machines, boilers and prime movers, plastic machines, wind and hydraulic machines, transport machines, and steelmaking machines.
  • the charging input unit 2 is configured to be able to input electric power into the battery system 1a from the outside by being connected to, for example, the quick charger 20 outside the battery system 1a.
  • the specific configuration of the charging input unit 2 is not particularly limited.
  • the charging input unit 2 is configured so as to conform to a quick charging standard for an electric vehicle such as the CHAdeMO standard (registered trademark). Can also be charged.
  • Each of the battery units Ba1 and Ba2 has one or more, preferably a plurality of battery cells 5, and is configured to store electric power to be supplied to the electric power load 30 of the industrial machine.
  • the type of the battery cell 5 is not particularly limited. However, if the battery cell 5 is a lithium ion battery cell, the battery units Ba1 and Ba2 can be battery units suitable for rapid charging and capable of increasing the voltage. .
  • the electric circuit 4 is composed of, for example, a plurality of electric cables, and can electrically connect the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 and the charging input unit 2 and the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 and the power load 30 described above. It is configured. Further, a switch SW3 as a charge / discharge switching means is provided between the charging input unit 2 and the power load 30 in the electric circuit 4 and the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2. Then, by switching the switch SW3 to the A side, the battery units Ba1 and Ba2 and the charging input unit 2 can be electrically connected. By switching the switch SW3 to the B side, the battery units Ba1 and Ba2 and the power load 30 Are configured to be in an electrically connectable state.
  • a switch SW1 serving as a charge ON / OFF switch for selectively allowing or shutting off power supply from the quick charger 20 to the charge input unit 2 is provided between the charge input unit 2 and the quick charger 20. Is provided. Therefore, even when the above-described switch 3 is switched to the B side and the battery units Ba1, Ba2 and the charging input unit 2 are in an electrically connectable state, by switching the switch SW1 to the OFF state, The quick charger 20 and the charging input unit 2 are configured to be disconnected from the electrical connection.
  • the switch SW1 according to the embodiment is configured as a charge ON / OFF switch provided in the quick charger 20 outside the battery system 1a.
  • a switch SW2 is provided between the switch SW3 and the power load 30 as a power load ON / OFF switch for selectively allowing or blocking power supply from the battery units Ba1 and Ba2 to the power load 30. It has been. Therefore, even if the above-described switch SW3 is switched to the A side and the battery units Ba1, Ba2 and the power load 30 are electrically connectable, by switching the switch SW2 to the OFF state, It is comprised so that electrical connection with battery unit Ba1, Ba2 may be interrupted
  • the switch 2 according to the embodiment is configured as a power load ON / OFF switch provided in an industrial machine.
  • a positive electrode side switch SW4 is provided on the positive electrode side of one of the two battery units.
  • a negative electrode side switch SW5 is provided on the negative electrode side of the other battery unit Ba2.
  • the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are electrically connected in series by switching the positive electrode side switch SW4 to the B side and the negative electrode side switch SW5 to the A side. Further, by switching the positive switch SW4 to the A side and switching the negative switch SW5 to the B side, the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are electrically connected in parallel.
  • the positive / negative switch SW4 and the negative switch SW5 constitute parallel / series switching means for selectively switching the electrical connection between the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 in parallel or in series.
  • the above-described parallel / series switching unit can be realized by a simple configuration including two types of switches, the positive electrode side switch SW4 and the negative electrode side switch SW5.
  • the electrical resistor 6 is composed of an electrical resistor that consumes power when a current flows.
  • the electrical resistor is configured as a light emitting means such as a lighting fixture that emits light by electric power, or a sound generating means such as a buzzer that emits sound by electric power.
  • a light emitting means such as a lighting fixture that emits light by electric power
  • a sound generating means such as a buzzer that emits sound by electric power.
  • a switch SW6 as a resistor switching means is provided on the negative electrode side of the battery unit Ba1.
  • a current flows through the electric resistor 6 described above, and by switching the switch SW6 to the B side, a state where no current flows through the electric resistor 6 is formed. It is comprised so that.
  • the voltage measuring device 8 is provided in each of the battery units Ba1 and Ba2, and is configured as voltage measuring means for measuring the voltage values of the battery units Ba1 and Ba2.
  • the measured voltage is input to the control device 10 described later.
  • a voltage measuring means it replaces with the above-mentioned voltage measuring device 8, and you may employ
  • the control device 10 is constituted by, for example, a computer, and includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a memory, an external storage device, an input / output device, and the like, and selectively controls the switches SW3, SW4, SW5, and SW6 described above. It is configured to be possible.
  • the voltage difference between the battery units Ba1 and Ba2 input from the voltage measuring device 8 is calculated based on the voltage difference between the two.
  • an error signal related to the abnormality is detected.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a control state at the time of discharging in the industrial machine battery system 1a shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a control state during charging in the industrial machine battery system 1a shown in FIG.
  • the power of the battery units Ba1 and Ba2 is supplied to the power load 30.
  • the switch SW1 is switched to the OFF state
  • the switch SW2 is switched to the ON state
  • the switch SW3 is switched to the A side.
  • the control device 10 controls the switch SW4 to the A side, the switch SW5 to the B side, and the switch SW6 side.
  • the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are electrically connected in parallel, and the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are electrically connected to the power load 30.
  • electric power is supplied with respect to the electric power load 30 from two battery unit Ba1, Ba2.
  • the power input from the charging input unit 2 is supplied to the battery units Ba1 and Ba2, and during the charging shown in FIG. 3, the switch SW1 is switched to the ON state and the switch SW2 is switched to the OFF state, and the switch SW3. Is controlled by the control device 10 to the B side, the switch SW4 to the B side, the switch SW5 to the A side, and the switch SW6 to the B side. Then, the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are electrically connected in series, and the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are electrically connected to the quick charger 20 via the charging input unit 2. And the electric power input from the quick charger 20 via the charge input part 2 is supplied to two battery unit Ba1, Ba2.
  • the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are provided, and the electrical connection between the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 is as follows. It is configured to be switched in parallel during discharging and to be switched in series during charging. For this reason, at the time of charging, the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are electrically connected in series, so that the entire battery system 1a has a high voltage, and the current charged by one battery cell 5 of the battery units Ba1 and Ba2 Since the value is larger than that in parallel, rapid charging under high voltage is possible.
  • the battery system 1a as a whole has a low voltage, so that conventional low-voltage components can be used as they are. It is also possible to simply replace the battery equipment in the industrial machine. Moreover, since the current value which one battery cell 5 of battery unit Ba1 and Ba2 bears becomes smaller than the case where it is in series, the industrial machine can be driven for a long time.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a control state when balancing between battery units in the industrial machine battery system 1a shown in FIG.
  • the inter-battery unit pressure balance means processing executed to eliminate a voltage difference between a plurality of battery units.
  • the switch SW1 is switched to the OFF state and the switch SW2 is switched to the OFF state, and the switch SW3 Is controlled by the control device 10 to the A side or B side, the switch SW4 to the A side, the switch SW5 to the B side, and the switch SW6 to the A side.
  • the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are electrically connected in parallel, and an annular circuit is formed.
  • the circuit resistance is only the current resistance of the electric cable and the internal resistance of the battery cell 5, so that a large amount of current flows when the voltage difference is large. When a large amount of current flows in this way, the battery cell 5 may be damaged.
  • the electrical resistor 6 may flow at the time of the balance between battery units performed in order to eliminate the voltage difference between two battery units Ba1 and Ba2.
  • the current flow it is possible to prevent damage to the battery cell 5 that may be caused by a large current flowing between the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a control state at the time of partial discharge in the industrial machine battery system 1a shown in FIG.
  • the partial discharge means that the electric power of the remaining battery units Ba obtained by removing some of the battery units Ba from the plurality of battery units Ba is supplied to the power load 30.
  • the parallel / series switching means including the switches SW4 and SW5 is electrically connected to the power load 30 only by the remaining battery unit obtained by removing any one battery unit from the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2. It is comprised so that the electrical connection between two battery unit Ba1 and Ba2 can be switched so that it may connect.
  • the switch SW1 is switched to the OFF state and the switch SW2 is switched to the ON state
  • the switch SW3 is switched to the A side
  • the switch SW4 is switched to the A side
  • the switch SW5 is switched to the A side
  • the switch SW6 is switched to the A side.
  • Switching control is performed by the control device 10. Then, only the battery unit Ba1 is electrically connected to the power load 30 among the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2. And electric power is supplied with respect to the electric power load 30 only from battery unit Ba1.
  • the switch SW1 is switched to the OFF state and the switch SW2 is switched to the ON state
  • the switch SW3 is switched to the A side
  • the switch SW4 is switched to the B side
  • the switch SW5 is switched to the B side
  • the switch SW6 is switched to the A side.
  • the industrial machine battery system 1a of such an embodiment only the other battery unit Ba obtained by removing one battery unit Ba from the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 is electrically connected to the power load 30 of the industrial machine. Can be connected to. Therefore, for example, when one of the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 fails, the industrial machine can be operated only by the remaining battery unit Ba excluding the failed battery unit Ba.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a control state during voltage measurement in the industrial machine battery system 1a shown in FIG.
  • the switch SW1 when measuring the voltage of the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2, the switch SW1 is switched to the OFF state and the switch SW2 is switched to the OFF state, and the switch SW3 is switched to the A side or B side.
  • SW4 and SW5 are both switched to the A side or B side, and switch SW6 is switched to the A side or B side by the control device 10, respectively.
  • the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are in a form in which the positive electrodes or the negative electrodes are electrically connected to each other, and no current flows between the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2.
  • the battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are not affected by the internal resistance of the battery cell 5 and the like.
  • the voltage can be measured with high accuracy.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the control state during standby in the industrial machine battery system 1a shown in FIG.
  • the switch SW1 is in the OFF state and the switch SW2 is in the standby state.
  • the control device 10 switches the switch SW3 to the A side, the switch SW4 to the A side, the switch SW5 to the B side, and the switch SW6 to the B side.
  • the switch SW6 may be switched to the A side.
  • the battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are electrically connected in parallel, and the switch SW3 is also switched to the A side. Therefore, the battery unit Ba1 and Ba2 can be quickly turned on only by turning the switch SW2 on. Power can be supplied to the power load 30.
  • the electrical resistor 6 described above is configured to have a variable resistance value. That is, the resistance value is changed based on a signal from the control device 10.
  • the two battery units can be changed by changing the resistance value according to the voltage difference between the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 and other conditions.
  • the time required for the balance between Ba1 and Ba2 can be controlled.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a battery system 1b for an industrial machine according to another embodiment.
  • the industrial machine battery system 1b shown in FIG. 8 has basically the same configuration as the industrial machine battery system 1a of the above-described embodiment. Therefore, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the industrial machine battery system 1b includes the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 described above in that the battery system Ba includes N (N ⁇ 3) battery units Ba. It is different from the system 1a.
  • the battery units Ba1, Ba (N) In order to enable the electrical connection between the N battery units Ba1 to Ba (N) to be switched alternatively in parallel or in series, the battery units Ba1, Ba (N For the other battery units Ba2 to Ba (N-1) except for), a positive electrode side switch SW4 and a negative electrode side switch SW5 are provided on the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side, respectively.
  • the positive electrode side switch SW4 is provided at least on the positive electrode side.
  • a negative electrode side switch SW5 is provided at least on the negative electrode side.
  • N battery units Ba1 to Ba are provided. (N) are electrically connected in parallel. Further, as shown in FIG. 10, by switching (N ⁇ 1) switches SW4 to the B side and switches SW5 to the A side, N battery units Ba1 to Ba (N) are electrically connected in series. Connected.
  • the remaining battery unit Ba is electrically connected to the power load 30.
  • Can be connected to for example, in partial discharge 1 shown in FIG. 11, by switching only the negative electrode side switch SW5 provided on the negative electrode side of the battery unit Ba2 to the A side, the remaining battery units Ba1, Ba3 to Ba except for the battery unit Ba2 are switched. Only Ba (N) is electrically connected to the power load 30. Also, for example, in the partial discharge 2 shown in FIG. 12, the remaining battery units Ba1, Ba2 to Ba (N-1) are switched to the A side by switching the negative side switch SW5 provided on the negative side. Only Ba (N) is electrically connected to the power load 30.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a discharge control flow of the industrial machine battery systems 1a and 1b according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a charging control flow of the industrial machine battery systems 1a and 1b according to the embodiment.
  • the control device 10 checks whether or not an error has occurred (S1). Then, after confirming that no error has occurred (No in S1), switching to the discharge circuit is performed (S2), and the plurality of battery units Ba are electrically connected in parallel. In this state, discharge from the plurality of battery units Ba to the power load 30 is performed (S3).
  • the control device 10 confirms that an error has occurred (Yes in S1), it is next determined whether or not to perform partial discharge (S4).
  • partial discharge is performed (Yes in S4), a plurality of battery units Ba are connected so that only the remaining battery units Ba excluding the battery unit Ba in which an abnormality has occurred are electrically connected to the power load 30. The electrical connection between them is switched to the partial discharge circuit (S5). Then, after switching to the partial discharge circuit is completed, discharging from the battery unit Ba to the power load 30 is performed (S3).
  • the discharge is completed (Yes in S6), the standby circuit is switched (S7), and a series of discharge control flow is completed.
  • the control device 10 first checks whether or not an error has occurred (S8). If it is confirmed that no error has occurred (No in S8), the presence / absence of a charging command is then confirmed (S9).
  • This charging command may be configured so that the charging command is issued by being directly instructed by a person. For example, when the charging rate falls below a predetermined threshold, the charging command is automatically issued from the control device 10. It can also be configured to emit.
  • the voltage measurement circuit When charging is completed (Yes in S12), the voltage measurement circuit is switched (S13), and the voltages of the plurality of battery units Ba are measured. The measured voltage value is input to the control device 10. If it is determined that the voltage difference between the plurality of voltage units Ba is equal to or greater than the threshold (Yes in S14), the balance between the battery units is executed in order to eliminate the voltage difference between the plurality of battery units Ba (S15). In the case where discharge is started immediately after completion of charging, the voltage measurement (S13) and the balance between battery units (S15) described above may be omitted. Then, after the balance between the battery units is completed, the standby circuit is switched to (S16), and a series of charge control flow ends.
  • the electrical connection between the plurality of battery units Ba is configured to be switched in parallel at the time of discharging and to be switched in series at the time of charging. It is possible to provide battery systems for industrial machines 1a and 1b that can be rapidly charged under voltage and can use conventional low-voltage components.
  • the battery system for an industrial machine can be suitably used in the field of industrial machines such as an industrial vehicle such as a battery-type forklift or an electric machine operated by electric power.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a battery system for industrial machinery, which can be rapidly charged under high voltages and used with the conventional components in a low voltage system. The battery system mounted in the industrial machinery comprises: a charge input unit (2) capable of external input of power into the battery system; a plurality of battery units (Ba) having battery cells (5) which can store power to be supplied to power loads, and can be charged with power supplied from the charge input unit; an electric circuit (4) which can electrically connect the plurality of battery units and the charge input unit, and the plurality of battery units and the power loads respectively; a charging and discharging switching means for selectively switching a state where the battery units and the charge input unit can be electrically connected to each other or a state where the battery units and the power loads (30) can be electrically connected to each other; a parallel/serial switching means for selectively switching the electrical connection among the plurality of battery units into a parallel or a serial connection; and a control device capable of controlling the charging and discharging switching means and the parallel/serial switching means.

Description

産業機械用電池システムBattery system for industrial machinery
　本開示は、産業機械に搭載される産業機械用電池システムに関する。 This disclosure relates to a battery system for an industrial machine mounted on an industrial machine.
　近年、電気自動車に搭載される二次電池として急速充電が可能なリチウムイオン電池の利用が広まっている。このリチウムイオン電池は、従来の鉛電池などと比べて高電圧化が可能であり、電気自動車用のモータやインバータ等の各種コンポーネントについても高電圧化が進展している。また、これら電気自動車に搭載されるリチウムイオン電池に対して急速充電を行うための充電規格等についても整備が進められている。 In recent years, the use of lithium ion batteries capable of rapid charging as secondary batteries mounted on electric vehicles has become widespread. This lithium ion battery can be increased in voltage as compared with a conventional lead battery, and the increase in voltage is also progressing for various components such as a motor and an inverter for an electric vehicle. In addition, the development of charging standards and the like for rapid charging of lithium ion batteries mounted on these electric vehicles is underway.
　また近年、バッテリ式フォークリフトなどの産業用車両や電力によって作動する電動機械などの産業機械の分野においてもリチウムイオン電池の普及が期待されている。 In recent years, the spread of lithium ion batteries is also expected in the fields of industrial vehicles such as battery-operated forklifts and industrial machines such as electric machines that are operated by electric power.
特開２００８－４３００９号公報JP 2008-43009 A
　産業機械の分野においてリチウムイオン電池を採用する場合、高電圧のリチウムイオン電池に対応した高電圧系のコンポーネントを準備する必要がある。しかしながら産業機械の分野においては、未だコンポーネントの高電圧化は進展しておらず、従来どおりの１２Ｖ、２４Ｖ、４８Ｖクラスの低電圧系のコンポーネントが主流となっている。このため、高電圧のリチウムイオン電池を産業機械の分野で利用する場合には、わざわざ高電圧系のコンポーネントを特別に準備する必要がありコスト高になるとの問題があった。また、既存の産業機械において電池設備だけを単純に交換するということも出来なかった。 When using a lithium ion battery in the industrial machinery field, it is necessary to prepare a high voltage system component corresponding to the high voltage lithium ion battery. However, in the field of industrial machinery, the increase in the voltage of components has not yet progressed, and the conventional low-voltage components of 12V, 24V, and 48V classes have become mainstream. For this reason, when a high voltage lithium ion battery is used in the field of industrial machinery, there is a problem that it is necessary to specially prepare a high voltage system component, resulting in high costs. Also, it was not possible to simply replace the battery equipment in existing industrial machines.
　なお、特許文献１には、電池の使用状態に応じて複数の電池セルを並列または直列に接続可能に構成された電池パックに関する発明が開示されている。しかしながら、この特許文献１に記載されている発明は、主にノート型ＰＣや携帯電話などの携帯型電子機器に用いられる電池パックに関するものであり、産業機械を対象とする本願発明とは全く適用される分野が異なる。それが故に特許文献１の電池パックでは、充電時には電池セルを並列に接続し、放電時には電池セルを直列に接続するなど、後述する本願発明とはその発想が全く逆になっている。 Note that Patent Document 1 discloses an invention relating to a battery pack configured such that a plurality of battery cells can be connected in parallel or in series according to the use state of the battery. However, the invention described in Patent Document 1 relates to a battery pack mainly used for portable electronic devices such as notebook PCs and mobile phones, and is completely applicable to the present invention for industrial machines. Different fields are used. Therefore, in the battery pack of Patent Document 1, the idea is completely opposite to that of the present invention described later, such as connecting battery cells in parallel during charging and connecting battery cells in series during discharging.
　本発明の少なくとも一実施形態は、上述したような従来の課題に鑑みなされたものであり、その目的とするところは、高電圧下における急速充電が可能で且つ従来どおりの低電圧系のコンポーネントを使用できる産業機械用電池システムを提供することにある。 At least one embodiment of the present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems. The object of the present invention is to provide a conventional low-voltage component that can be rapidly charged under a high voltage. The object is to provide a battery system for industrial machinery that can be used.
　本発明の少なくとも一実施形態は、
　産業機械に搭載される産業機械用電池システムにおいて、
　前記電池システムの外部から前記電池システム内に電力を入力可能な充電入力部と、
　前記産業機械の電力負荷に供給するための電力を貯蔵可能であり、且つ前記充電入力部から供給された電力を充電可能な電池セルを有する複数の電池ユニットと、
　前記複数の電池ユニットと前記充電入力部、及び前記複数の電池ユニットと前記電力負荷をそれぞれ電気的に接続可能な電気回路と、
　前記電池ユニットと前記充電入力部とが電気的に接続可能な状態、又は前記電池ユニットと前記電力負荷とが電気的に接続可能な状態を択一的に切り替えるための充放電切り替え手段と、
　前記複数の電池ユニット間の電気的な接続を並列または直列に択一的に切り替えるための並列／直列切り替え手段と、
　前記充放電切り替え手段および前記並列／直列切り替え手段を制御可能な制御装置と、を備え、
　前記制御装置は、
　前記電池ユニットの電力を前記電力負荷に供給する放電時には、前記電力負荷と前記複数の電池ユニットとが電気的に接続可能なように前記充放電切り替え手段を制御するとともに、前記複数の電池ユニット間の電気的な接続を並列に切り替えるように前記並列／直列切り替え手段を制御し、
　前記充電入力部から入力された電力を前記電池ユニットに供給する充電時には、前記充電入力部と前記電池ユニットとが電気的に接続可能なように前記充放電切り替え手段を制御するとともに、前記複数の電池ユニット間の電気的な接続を直列に切り替えるように前記並列／直列切り替え手段を制御するように構成されていることを特徴とする。 At least one embodiment of the present invention provides:
In battery systems for industrial machines mounted on industrial machines,
A charging input unit capable of inputting electric power into the battery system from outside the battery system;
A plurality of battery units having battery cells capable of storing power to be supplied to a power load of the industrial machine and capable of charging power supplied from the charge input unit;
The plurality of battery units and the charging input unit; and the electric circuits capable of electrically connecting the plurality of battery units and the power load, respectively.
Charge / discharge switching means for selectively switching a state in which the battery unit and the charge input unit can be electrically connected, or a state in which the battery unit and the power load can be electrically connected;
Parallel / series switching means for selectively switching the electrical connection between the plurality of battery units in parallel or in series;
A control device capable of controlling the charge / discharge switching means and the parallel / series switching means,
The controller is
At the time of discharging to supply power of the battery unit to the power load, the charge load / discharge switching means is controlled so that the power load and the plurality of battery units can be electrically connected, and between the plurality of battery units. Controlling the parallel / series switching means to switch the electrical connection of
At the time of charging to supply power input from the charge input unit to the battery unit, the charge input / output switching unit is controlled so that the charge input unit and the battery unit can be electrically connected, and The parallel / series switching unit is configured to control the electrical connection between the battery units so as to switch in series.
　上記産業機械用電池システムによれば、複数の電池ユニットを備えるとともに、これら複数の電池ユニット間の電気的な接続が、放電時には並列に切り替えられ、充電時には直列に切り替えられるように構成されている。
　このため、充電時には複数の電池ユニットが電気的に直列に接続されることで、電池システム全体を高電圧にするとともに、電池ユニットの１セルが負担する電流値が並列の場合よりも大きくなるため、高電圧下における急速充電が可能となる。また、放電時には複数の電池ユニットが電気的に並列に接続されることで、電池システム全体を低電圧にするため、従来の低電圧系のコンポーネントをそのまま使用でき、例えば、既存の産業機械において電池設備だけを単純に交換するということも可能である。また、電池ユニット１セルが負担する電流値が直列の場合よりも小さくなるため、産業機械の長時間の駆動が可能である。 According to the battery system for industrial machines, the battery system includes a plurality of battery units, and the electrical connection between the plurality of battery units is switched in parallel at the time of discharging and is switched in series at the time of charging. .
For this reason, when a plurality of battery units are electrically connected in series at the time of charging, the entire battery system is brought to a high voltage, and the current value borne by one cell of the battery unit is larger than that in parallel. Fast charging under high voltage is possible. In addition, since a plurality of battery units are electrically connected in parallel at the time of discharging, the battery system as a whole has a low voltage, so that conventional low-voltage components can be used as they are. For example, a battery in an existing industrial machine It is also possible to simply replace only the equipment. Moreover, since the current value borne by one cell of the battery unit is smaller than that in series, the industrial machine can be driven for a long time.
　幾つかの実施形態では、
　前記産業機械用電池システムは、電気抵抗体と、前記電気抵抗体に電流が流れる状態又は流れない状態を択一的に切り替えるための抵抗体切り替え手段とをさらに備え、
　前記制御装置は、
　前記複数の電池ユニット間の電圧差をなくすために実行する電池ユニット間バランス時には、前記複数の電池ユニット間の電気的な接続を並列に切り替えるように前記並列／直列切り替え手段を制御するとともに、前記電気抵抗体に電流が流れる状態となるように前記抵抗体切り替え手段を制御するように構成されている。 In some embodiments,
The industrial machine battery system further comprises an electrical resistor, and a resistor switching means for selectively switching between a state in which current flows or a state in which no current flows through the electrical resistor,
The controller is
At the time of balancing between battery units executed to eliminate the voltage difference between the plurality of battery units, the parallel / series switching means is controlled to switch the electrical connection between the plurality of battery units in parallel, and The resistor switching means is controlled so that a current flows through the electric resistor.
　このような実施形態によれば、複数の電池ユニット間の電圧差をなくすために実行する電池ユニット間バランス時において、電気抵抗体を流れるように電流の流れを切り替えることで、複数の電池ユニット間に大きな電流が流れることによって生じ得る電池セルの損傷を未然に防止することができる。 According to such an embodiment, at the time of balancing between battery units executed to eliminate the voltage difference between the plurality of battery units, by switching the current flow so as to flow through the electric resistor, between the plurality of battery units. The battery cell can be prevented from being damaged by a large current flowing through the battery.
　幾つかの実施形態では、
　前記並列／直列切り替え手段は、前記複数の電池ユニットから任意の一部の電池ユニットを除いた残余の電池ユニットだけを前記電力負荷と電気的に接続するように前記複数の電池ユニット間の電気的な接続を切り替え可能に構成されており、
　前記制御装置は、
　前記複数の電池ユニットから一部の電池ユニットを除いた残余の電池ユニットの電力を前記電力負荷に供給する部分放電時には、前記電池ユニットと前記電力負荷とが電気的に接続可能なように前記充放電切り替え手段を制御するとともに、前記残余の電池ユニットだけを前記電力負荷と電気的に接続するように前記並列／直列切り替え手段を制御するように構成されている。 In some embodiments,
The parallel / series switching means electrically connects the plurality of battery units so that only the remaining battery units excluding any part of the battery units from the plurality of battery units are electrically connected to the power load. Is configured to switch between various connections,
The controller is
At the time of partial discharge in which the power of the remaining battery units excluding some of the battery units from the plurality of battery units is supplied to the power load, the charging is performed so that the battery units and the power load can be electrically connected. The discharge switching means is controlled, and the parallel / series switching means is controlled so that only the remaining battery unit is electrically connected to the power load.
　このような実施形態によれば、複数の電池ユニットから一部の電池ユニットを除いた残余の電池ユニットだけを産業機械の電気負荷に電気的に接続させることができるため、例えば複数の電池ユニットの一部が故障した場合に、故障した電池ユニットを除いた残余の電池ユニットだけで産業機械を作動させることができる。 According to such an embodiment, since only the remaining battery units excluding some battery units from the plurality of battery units can be electrically connected to the electrical load of the industrial machine, for example, the plurality of battery units When a part of the battery unit fails, the industrial machine can be operated with only the remaining battery unit excluding the failed battery unit.
　幾つかの実施形態では、
　前記並列／直列切り替え手段は、電気的に接続可能に配置される２つの電池ユニットの内、一方の電池ユニットの正極側に設けられる正極側スイッチと、他方の電池ユニットの負極側に設けられる負極側スイッチとを含み、
　前記正極側スイッチを一側、前記負極側スイッチを他側に、それぞれ択一的に切り替えることにより前記２つの電池ユニットが電気的に並列に接続され、
　前記正極側スイッチを他側、前記負極側スイッチを一側に、それぞれ択一的に切り替えることにより前記２つの電池ユニットが電気的に直列に接続されるように構成されている。 In some embodiments,
The parallel / series switching means includes a positive electrode switch provided on the positive electrode side of one battery unit, and a negative electrode provided on the negative electrode side of the other battery unit, out of two battery units arranged to be electrically connectable. Including a side switch,
The two battery units are electrically connected in parallel by selectively switching the positive side switch to one side and the negative side switch to the other side, respectively.
The two battery units are configured to be electrically connected in series by selectively switching the positive side switch to the other side and the negative side switch to one side.
　このような実施形態によれば、上述の並列／直列切り替え手段を正極側スイッチと負極側スイッチの２種類のスイッチからなる簡単な構成によって実現することができる。 According to such an embodiment, the above-described parallel / series switching unit can be realized by a simple configuration including two types of switches, a positive electrode side switch and a negative electrode side switch.
　幾つかの実施形態では、前記電気抵抗体は、電力によって発光する発光手段および電力によって音を発する音響発生手段の少なくともいずれか一方を含む。
　このような実施形態によれば、例えば上述した複数の電池ユニット間の電圧差をなくすために実行する電池ユニット間バランス時において、発光手段の発光停止又は音響発生手段から発せられる報知音の停止などによって、複数の電池ユニット間の電圧差がなくなったことを認識可能である。 In some embodiments, the electrical resistor includes at least one of a light emitting unit that emits light by electric power and a sound generating unit that emits sound by electric power.
According to such an embodiment, for example, when the balance between the battery units is executed to eliminate the voltage difference between the plurality of battery units described above, the light emission of the light emitting unit is stopped or the notification sound generated from the sound generating unit is stopped. Thus, it can be recognized that the voltage difference between the plurality of battery units is eliminated.
　幾つかの実施形態では、前記電気抵抗体はその抵抗値が可変に構成されている。
このような実施形態によれば、例えば上述の電池ユニット間のバランス時において、複数の電池ユニット間の電圧差やその他の条件に応じて抵抗値を変化させることで、電池ユニット間のバランスに要する時間を制御することができる。 In some embodiments, the electrical resistor is configured such that its resistance value is variable.
According to such an embodiment, for example, at the time of balancing between the battery units described above, the resistance value is changed according to the voltage difference between the plurality of battery units and other conditions, thereby requiring balance between the battery units. Time can be controlled.
　上記実施形態において、前記電池セルとしては、急速充電に適し且つ高電圧化も可能なリチウムイオン電池セルを好適に用いることができる。 In the above-described embodiment, as the battery cell, a lithium ion battery cell suitable for rapid charging and capable of increasing the voltage can be suitably used.
　本発明の少なくとも一実施形態によれば、複数の電池ユニット間の電気的な接続が、放電時には並列に切り替えられ、充電時には直列に切り替えられるように構成されているため、高電圧下における急速充電が可能で且つ従来どおりの低電圧系のコンポーネントを使用できる産業機械用電池システムを提供することができる。 According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the electrical connection between the plurality of battery units is configured to be switched in parallel at the time of discharging and to be switched in series at the time of charging. Therefore, it is possible to provide a battery system for industrial machinery that can use conventional low-voltage components.
一実施形態にかかる産業機械用電池システムの概略的な構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the battery system for industrial machines concerning one Embodiment. 図１に示す産業機械用電池システムにおいて、放電時の制御状態を説明するための図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a control state during discharging in the industrial machine battery system shown in FIG. 1. 図１に示す産業機械用電池システムにおいて、充電時の制御状態を説明するための図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a control state during charging in the industrial machine battery system shown in FIG. 1. 図１に示す産業機械用電池システムにおいて、電池ユニット間バランス時の制御状態を説明するための図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a control state when balancing between battery units in the battery system for industrial machinery shown in FIG. 1. 図１に示す産業機械用電池システムおいて、部分放電時の制御状態を説明するための図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a control state at the time of partial discharge in the battery system for industrial machinery shown in FIG. 1. 図１に示す産業機械用電池システムにおいて、電圧測定時の制御状態を説明するための図である。In the battery system for industrial machines shown in FIG. 1, it is a figure for demonstrating the control state at the time of voltage measurement. 図１に示す産業機械用電池システムにおいて、待機時の制御状態を説明するための図である。In the battery system for industrial machines shown in FIG. 1, it is a figure for demonstrating the control state at the time of standby. 一実施形態にかかる産業機械用電池システムの概略的な構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the battery system for industrial machines concerning one Embodiment. 図８に示す産業機械用電池システムにおいて、放電時の制御状態を説明するための図である。FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a control state during discharging in the industrial machine battery system shown in FIG. 8. 図８に示す産業機械用電池システムにおいて、充電時の制御状態を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the control state at the time of charge in the battery system for industrial machines shown in FIG. 図８に示す産業機械用電池システムおいて、部分放電時の制御状態を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the control state at the time of partial discharge in the battery system for industrial machines shown in FIG. 図８に示す産業機械用電池システムおいて、部分放電時の制御状態を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the control state at the time of partial discharge in the battery system for industrial machines shown in FIG. 図８に示す産業機械用電池システムにおいて、電池ユニット間バランス時の制御状態を説明するための図である。FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a control state when balancing between battery units in the battery system for industrial machinery shown in FIG. 8. 一実施形態にかかる産業機械用電池システムの放電制御フローを示した図である。It is the figure which showed the discharge control flow of the battery system for industrial machines concerning one Embodiment. 一実施形態にかかる産業機械用電池システムの充電制御フローを示した図である。It is the figure which showed the charge control flow of the battery system for industrial machines concerning one Embodiment.
　以下、添付図面に従って本発明の実施形態について説明する。ただし、この実施形態に記載されている構成部品の寸法、材質、形状、その相対的配置等は、本発明の範囲をこれに限定する趣旨ではなく、単なる説明例にすぎない。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely illustrative examples.
　図１は、一実施形態にかかる産業機械用電池システム１ａの概略的な構成を示す図である。
　本実施形態の産業機械用電池システム１ａは、図１に示すように、産業機械に搭載され、産業機械の電気負荷に対して電力を供給するように構成されており、充電入力部２、電気回路４、複数の電池セル５からなる電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２、電気抵抗体６、電圧測定器８、各種の切り替え手段としてのスイッチＳＷ１～ＳＷ６、及びこれら切り替え手段を切り替え制御する制御装置１０を備えている。また、電気回路４は、電池システム１ａの外部に設けられる急速充電器２０および産業機械の電力負荷３０と電気的に接続可能に構成されている。 FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a battery system 1a for an industrial machine according to an embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 1, the battery system 1a for industrial machines of this embodiment is mounted on an industrial machine and configured to supply electric power to an electric load of the industrial machine. A circuit 4, battery units Ba 1 and Ba 2 including a plurality of battery cells 5, an electric resistor 6, a voltage measuring device 8, switches SW 1 to SW 6 as various switching means, and a control device 10 for switching and controlling these switching means. ing. Further, the electric circuit 4 is configured to be electrically connectable to the quick charger 20 provided outside the battery system 1a and the power load 30 of the industrial machine.
　本実施形態における産業機械としては、バッテリ式フォークリフト、無人搬送車、構内運搬車、構内牽引車、ストラドルキャリアなどのバッテリ式の産業用車両、並びに鉱山機械、化学機械、環境装置、動力伝導装置、タンク、業務用洗濯機、ボイラ・原動機、プラスチック機械、風水力機械、運搬機械、製鉄機械などの産業現場で使用される電動式機械装置類を含む。 As industrial machines in this embodiment, battery-type industrial vehicles such as battery-type forklifts, automatic guided vehicles, premises transportation vehicles, traction vehicles, straddle carriers, mining machinery, chemical machinery, environmental devices, power transmission devices, Includes electric machinery and equipment used in industrial sites such as tanks, commercial washing machines, boilers and prime movers, plastic machines, wind and hydraulic machines, transport machines, and steelmaking machines.
　充電入力部２は、電池システム１ａ外部の例えば急速充電器２０などに接続されることで、外部から電池システム１ａ内に電力を入力可能に構成されている。この充電入力部２の具体的な構成については特に限定されないが、例えばＣＨＡｄｅＭＯ規格（登録商標）などの電気自動車における急速充電規格と合致するように構成することで、これら電気自動車用の急速充電器によっても充電することができる。 The charging input unit 2 is configured to be able to input electric power into the battery system 1a from the outside by being connected to, for example, the quick charger 20 outside the battery system 1a. The specific configuration of the charging input unit 2 is not particularly limited. For example, the charging input unit 2 is configured so as to conform to a quick charging standard for an electric vehicle such as the CHAdeMO standard (registered trademark). Can also be charged.
　電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２のぞれぞれは、一以上、好ましくは複数の電池セル５を有し、産業機械の電力負荷３０に供給するための電力を貯蔵することができるように構成されている。本発明において電池セル５の種類は特に限定されないが、電池セル５をリチウムイオン電池セルとすれば、電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２を急速充電に適し且つ高電圧化も可能な電池ユニットとすることができる。 Each of the battery units Ba1 and Ba2 has one or more, preferably a plurality of battery cells 5, and is configured to store electric power to be supplied to the electric power load 30 of the industrial machine. . In the present invention, the type of the battery cell 5 is not particularly limited. However, if the battery cell 5 is a lithium ion battery cell, the battery units Ba1 and Ba2 can be battery units suitable for rapid charging and capable of increasing the voltage. .
　電気回路４は、例えば複数条の電気ケーブルからなり、上述した２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２と充電入力部２、及び２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２と電力負荷３０とをそれぞれ電気的に接続可能に構成されている。また、電気回路４における充電入力部２及び電力負荷３０と２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２との間には、充放電切り替え手段としてのスイッチＳＷ３が設けられている。そして、スイッチＳＷ３をＡ側に切り替えることで電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２と充電入力部２とが電気的に接続可能な状態となり、スイッチＳＷ３をＢ側に切り替えることで電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２と電力負荷３０とが電気的に接続可能な状態となるように構成されている。 The electric circuit 4 is composed of, for example, a plurality of electric cables, and can electrically connect the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 and the charging input unit 2 and the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 and the power load 30 described above. It is configured. Further, a switch SW3 as a charge / discharge switching means is provided between the charging input unit 2 and the power load 30 in the electric circuit 4 and the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2. Then, by switching the switch SW3 to the A side, the battery units Ba1 and Ba2 and the charging input unit 2 can be electrically connected. By switching the switch SW3 to the B side, the battery units Ba1 and Ba2 and the power load 30 Are configured to be in an electrically connectable state.
　また、充電入力部２と急速充電器２０との間には、急速充電器２０から充電入力部２への電力供給を択一的に許容又は遮断するための充電ＯＮ／ＯＦＦスイッチとしてのスイッチＳＷ１が設けられている。よって、上述のスイッチ３をＢ側に切り替え、電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２と充電入力部２とが電気的に接続可能な状態にある場合であっても、このスイッチＳＷ１をＯＦＦ状態に切り替えることで、急速充電器２０と充電入力部２との電気的な接続が遮断されるように構成されている。
　一実施形態にかかるスイッチＳＷ１は、電池システム１ａ外部の急速充電器２０に備えられた充電ＯＮ／ＯＦＦスイッチとして構成される。 In addition, a switch SW1 serving as a charge ON / OFF switch for selectively allowing or shutting off power supply from the quick charger 20 to the charge input unit 2 is provided between the charge input unit 2 and the quick charger 20. Is provided. Therefore, even when the above-described switch 3 is switched to the B side and the battery units Ba1, Ba2 and the charging input unit 2 are in an electrically connectable state, by switching the switch SW1 to the OFF state, The quick charger 20 and the charging input unit 2 are configured to be disconnected from the electrical connection.
The switch SW1 according to the embodiment is configured as a charge ON / OFF switch provided in the quick charger 20 outside the battery system 1a.
　また、スイッチＳＷ３と電力負荷３０との間には、電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２から電力負荷３０への電力供給を択一的に許容又は遮断するための電力負荷ＯＮ／ＯＦＦスイッチとしてのスイッチＳＷ２が設けられている。よって、上述のスイッチＳＷ３をＡ側に切り替え、電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２と電力負荷３０とが電気的に接続可能な状態であっても、このスイッチＳＷ２をＯＦＦ状態に切り替えることで、電力負荷３０と電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２との電気的な接続が遮断されるように構成されている。
　一実施形態にかかるスイッチ２は、産業機械に備えられた電力負荷ＯＮ／ＯＦＦスイッチとして構成される。 In addition, a switch SW2 is provided between the switch SW3 and the power load 30 as a power load ON / OFF switch for selectively allowing or blocking power supply from the battery units Ba1 and Ba2 to the power load 30. It has been. Therefore, even if the above-described switch SW3 is switched to the A side and the battery units Ba1, Ba2 and the power load 30 are electrically connectable, by switching the switch SW2 to the OFF state, It is comprised so that electrical connection with battery unit Ba1, Ba2 may be interrupted | blocked.
The switch 2 according to the embodiment is configured as a power load ON / OFF switch provided in an industrial machine.
　また、２つの電池ユニットの内、一方の電池ユニットＢａ１の正極側には、正極側スイッチＳＷ４が設けられている。また、他方の電池ユニットＢａ２の負極側には、負極側スイッチＳＷ５が設けられている。これら正極側スイッチＳＷ４と負極側スイッチＳＷ５とをそれぞれ切り替えることで、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２の電気的な接続がそれぞれ並列または直列に択一的に切り替えられるように構成されている。 Also, a positive electrode side switch SW4 is provided on the positive electrode side of one of the two battery units. Further, a negative electrode side switch SW5 is provided on the negative electrode side of the other battery unit Ba2. By switching each of the positive electrode side switch SW4 and the negative electrode side switch SW5, the electrical connection between the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 is alternatively switched in parallel or in series.
　図１に示す電池システム１ａにおいては、正極側スイッチＳＷ４をＢ側に切り替え、負極側スイッチＳＷ５をＡ側に切り替えることで、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２が電気的に直列に接続される。また、正極側スイッチＳＷ４をＡ側に切り替え、負極側スイッチＳＷ５をＢ側に切り替えることで、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２が電気的に並列に接続される。 In the battery system 1a shown in FIG. 1, the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are electrically connected in series by switching the positive electrode side switch SW4 to the B side and the negative electrode side switch SW5 to the A side. Further, by switching the positive switch SW4 to the A side and switching the negative switch SW5 to the B side, the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are electrically connected in parallel.
　すなわち本実施形態では、これら正極側スイッチＳＷ４および負極側スイッチＳＷ５により、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２間の電気的な接続を並列または直列に択一的に切り替えるための並列／直列切り替え手段が構成されている。
　このような実施形態によれば、上述の並列／直列切り替え手段を正極側スイッチＳＷ４と負極側スイッチＳＷ５の２種類のスイッチからなる簡単な構成によって実現することができる。 That is, in the present embodiment, the positive / negative switch SW4 and the negative switch SW5 constitute parallel / series switching means for selectively switching the electrical connection between the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 in parallel or in series. Has been.
According to such an embodiment, the above-described parallel / series switching unit can be realized by a simple configuration including two types of switches, the positive electrode side switch SW4 and the negative electrode side switch SW5.
　電気抵抗体６は、電流が流れることで電力を消費する電気抵抗体からなる。幾つかの実施形態の電気抵抗体は、電力によって発光する照明器具などの発光手段や、電力によって音を発するブザーなどの音響発生手段として構成される。
　このような構成によれば、例えば後述する２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２間の電圧差をなくすために実行する電池ユニット間バランス時において、発光手段の発光停止又は音響発生手段から発せられる報知音の停止などによって、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２間の電圧差がなくなったことを認識することができる。 The electrical resistor 6 is composed of an electrical resistor that consumes power when a current flows. In some embodiments, the electrical resistor is configured as a light emitting means such as a lighting fixture that emits light by electric power, or a sound generating means such as a buzzer that emits sound by electric power.
According to such a configuration, for example, at the time of balancing between battery units, which is executed in order to eliminate a voltage difference between two battery units Ba1 and Ba2, which will be described later, the notification sound generated from the light emission stop of the light emission means or the sound generation means is reduced. It can be recognized that the voltage difference between the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 has disappeared due to the stop or the like.
　また、電池ユニットＢａ１の負極側には、抵抗体切り替え手段としてのスイッチＳＷ６が設けられている。そして、スイッチＳＷ６をＡ側に切り替えることで、上述の電気抵抗体６に電流が流れる状態となり、スイッチＳＷ６をＢ側に切り替えることで、上述の電気抵抗体６に電流が流れない状態が形成されるように構成されている。 Further, a switch SW6 as a resistor switching means is provided on the negative electrode side of the battery unit Ba1. By switching the switch SW6 to the A side, a current flows through the electric resistor 6 described above, and by switching the switch SW6 to the B side, a state where no current flows through the electric resistor 6 is formed. It is comprised so that.
　電圧測定器８は、電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２のそれぞれに設けられ、電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２それぞれの電圧値を測定するための電圧測定手段として構成されている。測定された電圧は、後述する制御装置１０に入力されるようになっている。
　なお、電圧測定手段としては、上述の電圧測定器８に代えて、個々の電池セル５にそれぞれ内蔵されている不図示の電圧センサを採用してもよい。 The voltage measuring device 8 is provided in each of the battery units Ba1 and Ba2, and is configured as voltage measuring means for measuring the voltage values of the battery units Ba1 and Ba2. The measured voltage is input to the control device 10 described later.
In addition, as a voltage measuring means, it replaces with the above-mentioned voltage measuring device 8, and you may employ | adopt the voltage sensor (not shown) each incorporated in each battery cell 5. FIG.
　制御装置１０は、例えばコンピュータによって構成され、ＣＰＵ（中央演算処理装置）、メモリ、外部記憶装置および出入力装置等からなり、上述したスイッチＳＷ３，ＳＷ４，ＳＷ５，ＳＷ６をそれぞれ択一的に切り替え制御可能に構成されている。
　また、上述した電圧測定器８から入力された電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２の電圧値に基づいて両者の電圧差を演算するように構成されている。
また、電池ユニットＢａに異常等が発生した場合に、該異常に関するエラー信号を検出するように構成されている。 The control device 10 is constituted by, for example, a computer, and includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a memory, an external storage device, an input / output device, and the like, and selectively controls the switches SW3, SW4, SW5, and SW6 described above. It is configured to be possible.
The voltage difference between the battery units Ba1 and Ba2 input from the voltage measuring device 8 is calculated based on the voltage difference between the two.
In addition, when an abnormality or the like occurs in the battery unit Ba, an error signal related to the abnormality is detected.
　次に、上述のとおり構成される一実施形態にかかる産業機械用電池システム１ａの制御方法について、図２～図７に基づいて説明する。なお図中の矢印は、電流の流れを示している。
　図２は、図１に示す産業機械用電池システム１ａにおいて、放電時の制御状態を説明するための図である。図３は、図１に示す産業機械用電池システム１ａにおいて、充電時の制御状態を説明するための図である。 Next, a control method for the industrial machine battery system 1a according to the embodiment configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. The arrows in the figure indicate the current flow.
FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a control state at the time of discharging in the industrial machine battery system 1a shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a control state during charging in the industrial machine battery system 1a shown in FIG.
　先ず、電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２の電力を電力負荷３０に供給する、図２に示す放電時においては、スイッチＳＷ１はＯＦＦ状態、スイッチＳＷ２はＯＮ状態にそれぞれ切り替えられるとともに、スイッチＳＷ３はＡ側、スイッチＳＷ４はＡ側、スイッチＳＷ５はＢ側、スイッチＳＷ６側に、それぞれ制御装置１０によって切り替え制御される。
　すると、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２が電気的に並列に接続されるとともに、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２が電力負荷３０と電気的に接続される。そして、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２から電力負荷３０に対して電力が供給される。 First, the power of the battery units Ba1 and Ba2 is supplied to the power load 30. During the discharge shown in FIG. 2, the switch SW1 is switched to the OFF state, the switch SW2 is switched to the ON state, and the switch SW3 is switched to the A side. The control device 10 controls the switch SW4 to the A side, the switch SW5 to the B side, and the switch SW6 side.
Then, the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are electrically connected in parallel, and the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are electrically connected to the power load 30. And electric power is supplied with respect to the electric power load 30 from two battery unit Ba1, Ba2.
　次に、充電入力部２から入力された電力を電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２に供給する、図３に示す充電時においては、スイッチＳＷ１はＯＮ状態、スイッチＳＷ２はＯＦＦ状態にそれぞれ切り替えられるとともに、スイッチＳＷ３はＢ側、スイッチＳＷ４はＢ側、スイッチＳＷ５はＡ側、スイッチＳＷ６はＢ側に、それぞれ制御装置１０によって切り替え制御される。
　すると、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２が電気的に直列に接続されるとともに、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２が充電入力部２を介して急速充電器２０と電気的に接続される。そして、急速充電器２０から充電入力部２を介して入力された電力が２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２に供給される。 Next, the power input from the charging input unit 2 is supplied to the battery units Ba1 and Ba2, and during the charging shown in FIG. 3, the switch SW1 is switched to the ON state and the switch SW2 is switched to the OFF state, and the switch SW3. Is controlled by the control device 10 to the B side, the switch SW4 to the B side, the switch SW5 to the A side, and the switch SW6 to the B side.
Then, the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are electrically connected in series, and the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are electrically connected to the quick charger 20 via the charging input unit 2. And the electric power input from the quick charger 20 via the charge input part 2 is supplied to two battery unit Ba1, Ba2.
　このように、本発明の少なくとも一実施形態にかかる産業機械用電池システム１ａによれば、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２を備えるとともに、これら２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２間の電気的な接続が、放電時には並列に切り替えられ、充電時には直列に切り替えられるように構成されている。
　このため、充電時には２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２が電気的に直列に接続されることで、電池システム１ａ全体を高電圧にするとともに、電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２の１つの電池セル５が負担する電流値が並列の場合よりも大きくなるため、高電圧下における急速充電が可能となっている。また、放電時には２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２が電気的に並列に接続されることで、電池システム１ａ全体を低電圧にするため、従来の低電圧系のコンポーネントをそのまま使用でき、例えば、既存の産業機械において電池設備だけを単純に交換するということも可能である。また、電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２の１つの電池セル５が負担する電流値が直列の場合よりも小さくなるため、産業機械の長時間の駆動が可能となっている。 Thus, according to the industrial machine battery system 1a according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are provided, and the electrical connection between the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 is as follows. It is configured to be switched in parallel during discharging and to be switched in series during charging.
For this reason, at the time of charging, the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are electrically connected in series, so that the entire battery system 1a has a high voltage, and the current charged by one battery cell 5 of the battery units Ba1 and Ba2 Since the value is larger than that in parallel, rapid charging under high voltage is possible. In addition, since the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are electrically connected in parallel at the time of discharging, the battery system 1a as a whole has a low voltage, so that conventional low-voltage components can be used as they are. It is also possible to simply replace the battery equipment in the industrial machine. Moreover, since the current value which one battery cell 5 of battery unit Ba1 and Ba2 bears becomes smaller than the case where it is in series, the industrial machine can be driven for a long time.
　図４は、図１に示す産業機械用電池システム１ａにおいて、電池ユニット間バランス時の制御状態を説明するための図である。
　なお、本明細書において電池ユニット間圧バランスとは、複数の電池ユニット間における電圧差をなくすために実行する処理を意味する。 FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a control state when balancing between battery units in the industrial machine battery system 1a shown in FIG.
In this specification, the inter-battery unit pressure balance means processing executed to eliminate a voltage difference between a plurality of battery units.
　図４に示すように、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２の間の電圧差をなくすために実行する電池ユニット間バランス時には、スイッチＳＷ１はＯＦＦ状態、スイッチＳＷ２はＯＦＦ状態にそれぞれ切り替えられるとともに、スイッチＳＷ３はＡ側又はＢ側、スイッチＳＷ４はＡ側、スイッチＳＷ５はＢ側、スイッチＳＷ６はＡ側に、それぞれ制御装置１０によって切り替え制御される。
　すると、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２が電気的に並列に接続されるとともに、環状の回路が形成される。そして、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２の間に電圧差がある場合、例えばＢａ１の電圧がＢａ２の電圧よりも高い場合は、図４の矢印で示した如く電気抵抗体６を通過しながら時計回り方向に電流が流れるようになっている。 As shown in FIG. 4, at the time of balancing between the battery units executed to eliminate the voltage difference between the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2, the switch SW1 is switched to the OFF state and the switch SW2 is switched to the OFF state, and the switch SW3 Is controlled by the control device 10 to the A side or B side, the switch SW4 to the A side, the switch SW5 to the B side, and the switch SW6 to the A side.
Then, the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are electrically connected in parallel, and an annular circuit is formed. When there is a voltage difference between the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2, for example, when the voltage of Ba1 is higher than the voltage of Ba2, the clockwise rotation while passing through the electric resistor 6 as shown by the arrow in FIG. A current flows in the direction.
　所定の電圧差の下において流れる電流の量は、回路の抵抗が小さいほど大きくなる。よって、仮に電気抵抗体６が無い場合、回路の抵抗は電気ケーブルの通電抵抗と電池セル５の内部抵抗だけとなるため、電圧差が大きい場合に大量の電流が流れることとなる。このように大量の電流が流れた場合には電池セル５が損傷する恐れがある。 The amount of current that flows under a given voltage difference increases as the circuit resistance decreases. Therefore, if the electric resistor 6 is not provided, the circuit resistance is only the current resistance of the electric cable and the internal resistance of the battery cell 5, so that a large amount of current flows when the voltage difference is large. When a large amount of current flows in this way, the battery cell 5 may be damaged.
　したがって、このような実施形態の産業機械用電池システム１ａによれば、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２間の電圧差をなくすために実行する電池ユニット間バランス時において、電気抵抗体６を流れるように電流の流れを切り替えることで、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２間に大きな電流が流れることによって生じ得る電池セル５の損傷を未然に防止することができるようになっている。 Therefore, according to the battery system 1a for industrial machines of such embodiment, it flows so that the electrical resistor 6 may flow at the time of the balance between battery units performed in order to eliminate the voltage difference between two battery units Ba1 and Ba2. By switching the current flow, it is possible to prevent damage to the battery cell 5 that may be caused by a large current flowing between the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2.
　図５は、図１に示す産業機械用電池システム１ａにおいて、部分放電時の制御状態を説明するための図である。
　なお、本明細書において部分放電とは、複数の電池ユニットＢａから一部の電池ユニットＢａを除いた残余の電池ユニットＢａの電力を電力負荷３０に供給することを意味する。 FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a control state at the time of partial discharge in the industrial machine battery system 1a shown in FIG.
In the present specification, the partial discharge means that the electric power of the remaining battery units Ba obtained by removing some of the battery units Ba from the plurality of battery units Ba is supplied to the power load 30.
　上述した電池システム１ａにおいて、スイッチＳＷ４，ＳＷ５からなる並列／直列切り替え手段は、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２から任意の一方の電池ユニットを除いた残余の電池ユニットだけが電力負荷３０と電気的に接続するように、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２の間の電気的な接続を切り替えることができるように構成されている。 In the battery system 1a described above, the parallel / series switching means including the switches SW4 and SW5 is electrically connected to the power load 30 only by the remaining battery unit obtained by removing any one battery unit from the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2. It is comprised so that the electrical connection between two battery unit Ba1 and Ba2 can be switched so that it may connect.
　例えば図５に示すように、スイッチＳＷ１はＯＦＦ状態、スイッチＳＷ２はＯＮ状態にそれぞれ切り替えられるとともに、スイッチＳＷ３はＡ側、スイッチＳＷ４はＡ側、スイッチＳＷ５はＡ側、スイッチＳＷ６はＡ側に、それぞれ制御装置１０によって切り替え制御される。
　すると、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２の内、電池ユニットＢａ１だけが電力負荷３０と電気的に接続される。そして、電池ユニットＢａ１だけから電力負荷３０に対して電力が供給される。 For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the switch SW1 is switched to the OFF state and the switch SW2 is switched to the ON state, the switch SW3 is switched to the A side, the switch SW4 is switched to the A side, the switch SW5 is switched to the A side, and the switch SW6 is switched to the A side. Switching control is performed by the control device 10.
Then, only the battery unit Ba1 is electrically connected to the power load 30 among the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2. And electric power is supplied with respect to the electric power load 30 only from battery unit Ba1.
　また例えば、図示しないが、スイッチＳＷ１はＯＦＦ状態、スイッチＳＷ２はＯＮ状態にそれぞれ切り替えられるとともに、スイッチＳＷ３はＡ側、スイッチＳＷ４はＢ側、スイッチＳＷ５はＢ側、スイッチＳＷ６はＡ側に、それぞれ制御装置１０によって切り替え制御することで、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２の内、電池ユニットＢａ２だけを電力負荷３０と電気的に接続することができる。 For example, although not shown, the switch SW1 is switched to the OFF state and the switch SW2 is switched to the ON state, the switch SW3 is switched to the A side, the switch SW4 is switched to the B side, the switch SW5 is switched to the B side, and the switch SW6 is switched to the A side. By switching control by the control device 10, only the battery unit Ba2 of the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 can be electrically connected to the power load 30.
　したがって、このような実施形態の産業機械用電池システム１ａによれば、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２から一方の電池ユニットＢａを除いた他方の電池ユニットＢａだけを産業機械の電力負荷３０に電気的に接続させることができる。よって、例えば２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２の内の一方が故障した場合に、故障した電池ユニットＢａを除いた残余の電池ユニットＢａだけで産業機械を作動させることができるようになっている。 Therefore, according to the industrial machine battery system 1a of such an embodiment, only the other battery unit Ba obtained by removing one battery unit Ba from the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 is electrically connected to the power load 30 of the industrial machine. Can be connected to. Therefore, for example, when one of the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 fails, the industrial machine can be operated only by the remaining battery unit Ba excluding the failed battery unit Ba.
　図６は、図１に示す産業機械用電池システム１ａにおいて、電圧測定時の制御状態を説明するための図である。 FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a control state during voltage measurement in the industrial machine battery system 1a shown in FIG.
　図６に示すように、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２の電圧を測定する電圧測定時には、スイッチＳＷ１はＯＦＦ状態、スイッチＳＷ２はＯＦＦ状態にそれぞれ切り替えられるとともに、スイッチＳＷ３はＡ側又はＢ側、スイッチＳＷ４，ＳＷ５は両者ともにそれぞれＡ側又はＢ側に、スイッチＳＷ６はＡ側又はＢ側に、それぞれ制御装置１０によって切り替え制御される。
　すると、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２が互いに正極同士または負極同士が電気的に接続される形となり、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２の間に電流が流れない状態となる。よって、この状態下において、上述した電圧測定器８によって２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２それぞれの電圧を測定することで、電池セル５の内部抵抗などの影響を受けずに、電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２の電圧を精度良く測定することができる。 As shown in FIG. 6, when measuring the voltage of the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2, the switch SW1 is switched to the OFF state and the switch SW2 is switched to the OFF state, and the switch SW3 is switched to the A side or B side. SW4 and SW5 are both switched to the A side or B side, and switch SW6 is switched to the A side or B side by the control device 10, respectively.
Then, the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are in a form in which the positive electrodes or the negative electrodes are electrically connected to each other, and no current flows between the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2. Therefore, in this state, by measuring the voltage of each of the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 by the voltage measuring device 8 described above, the battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are not affected by the internal resistance of the battery cell 5 and the like. The voltage can be measured with high accuracy.
　図７は、図１に示す産業機械用電池システム１ａにおいて、待機時の制御状態を説明するための図である。 FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the control state during standby in the industrial machine battery system 1a shown in FIG.
　図７に示すように、スイッチＳＷ２をＯＮ状態に切り替えるだけで速やかに電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２から電力負荷３０に対して電力が供給される状態である待機時には、スイッチＳＷ１はＯＦＦ状態、スイッチＳＷ２はＯＦＦ状態にそれぞれ切り替えられるとともに、スイッチＳＷ３はＡ側、スイッチＳＷ４はＡ側、スイッチＳＷ５はＢ側、スイッチＳＷ６はＢ側に、それぞれ制御装置１０によって切り替え制御される。なお、スイッチＳＷ６は、Ａ側に切り替えられていてもよい。 As shown in FIG. 7, in the standby state in which power is quickly supplied from the battery units Ba1 and Ba2 to the power load 30 by simply switching the switch SW2 to the ON state, the switch SW1 is in the OFF state and the switch SW2 is in the standby state. The control device 10 switches the switch SW3 to the A side, the switch SW4 to the A side, the switch SW5 to the B side, and the switch SW6 to the B side. The switch SW6 may be switched to the A side.
　すると、電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２は電気的に並列に接続された状態となり、スイッチＳＷ３もＡ側に切り替えられていることから、スイッチＳＷ２をＯＮ状態にするだけで、速やかに電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２から電力負荷３０に対して電力を供給することができる。 Then, the battery units Ba1 and Ba2 are electrically connected in parallel, and the switch SW3 is also switched to the A side. Therefore, the battery unit Ba1 and Ba2 can be quickly turned on only by turning the switch SW2 on. Power can be supplied to the power load 30.
　幾つかの実施形態では、上述した電気抵抗体６はその抵抗値が可変に構成されている。すなわち、制御装置１０からの信号に基づいてその抵抗値が変化するように構成されている。 In some embodiments, the electrical resistor 6 described above is configured to have a variable resistance value. That is, the resistance value is changed based on a signal from the control device 10.
　このような実施形態によれば、例えば上述の電池ユニット間のバランス時において、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２間の電圧差やその他の条件に応じて抵抗値を変化させることで、２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２間のバランスに要する時間を制御することができる。 According to such an embodiment, for example, at the time of balancing between the battery units described above, the two battery units can be changed by changing the resistance value according to the voltage difference between the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 and other conditions. The time required for the balance between Ba1 and Ba2 can be controlled.
　図８は、他の一実施形態にかかる産業機械用電池システム１ｂの概略的な構成を示す図である。
　図８に示す産業機械用電池システム１ｂは、上述した実施形態の産業機械用電池システム１ａと基本的には同様の構成である。よって、同一の構成要素には同一の符号を付し、その詳細な説明を省略する。 FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a battery system 1b for an industrial machine according to another embodiment.
The industrial machine battery system 1b shown in FIG. 8 has basically the same configuration as the industrial machine battery system 1a of the above-described embodiment. Therefore, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
　本実施形態の産業機械用電池システム１ｂは、図８に示すように、Ｎ個（Ｎ≧３）の電池ユニットＢａを備える点が、上述した２つの電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ２を備える産業機械用電池システム１ａと異なっている。 As shown in FIG. 8, the industrial machine battery system 1b according to the present embodiment includes the two battery units Ba1 and Ba2 described above in that the battery system Ba includes N (N ≧ 3) battery units Ba. It is different from the system 1a.
　Ｎ個の電池ユニットＢａ１～Ｂａ（Ｎ）間の電気的な接続を並列または直列に択一的に切り替え可能とするために、直列に接続した場合の両端に位置する電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ（Ｎ）を除いた他の電池ユニットＢａ２～Ｂａ（Ｎ－１）について、その正極側及び負極側のそれぞれに正極側スイッチＳＷ４及び負極側スイッチＳＷ５が設けられる。また、その正極側だけが他の電池ユニットＢａ２に接続される電池ユニットＢａ１については、少なくともその正極側に正極側スイッチＳＷ４が設けられる。また、その負極側だけが他の電池ユニットＢａ（Ｎ－１）に接続される電池ユニットＢａ（Ｎ）については、少なくともその負極側に負極側スイッチＳＷ５が設けられる。 In order to enable the electrical connection between the N battery units Ba1 to Ba (N) to be switched alternatively in parallel or in series, the battery units Ba1, Ba (N For the other battery units Ba2 to Ba (N-1) except for), a positive electrode side switch SW4 and a negative electrode side switch SW5 are provided on the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side, respectively. For the battery unit Ba1 in which only the positive electrode side is connected to the other battery unit Ba2, the positive electrode side switch SW4 is provided at least on the positive electrode side. For the battery unit Ba (N) whose only negative electrode side is connected to the other battery unit Ba (N-1), a negative electrode side switch SW5 is provided at least on the negative electrode side.
　このように構成される電池システム１ｂにおいて、図９に示すように、（Ｎ－１）個のスイッチＳＷ４をＡ側、スイッチＳＷ５をＢ側にそれぞれ切り替えることで、Ｎ個の電池ユニットＢａ１～Ｂａ（Ｎ）が電気的に並列に接続される。また、図１０に示すように、（Ｎ－１）個のスイッチＳＷ４をＢ側、スイッチＳＷ５をＡ側にそれぞれ切り替えることで、Ｎ個の電池ユニットＢａ１～Ｂａ（Ｎ）が電気的に直列に接続される。 In the battery system 1b configured as described above, as shown in FIG. 9, by switching the (N−1) switches SW4 to the A side and the switch SW5 to the B side, N battery units Ba1 to Ba are provided. (N) are electrically connected in parallel. Further, as shown in FIG. 10, by switching (N−1) switches SW4 to the B side and switches SW5 to the A side, N battery units Ba1 to Ba (N) are electrically connected in series. Connected.
　また、部分放電時においては、回路から除外する電池ユニットＢａの負極側スイッチＳＷ５を他の負極側スイッチＳＷ５とは異なるＡ側に切り替えることで、残余の電池ユニットＢａだけが電力負荷３０と電気的に接続させることができる。例えば、図１１に示す部分放電時１では、電池ユニットＢａ２の負極側に設けられている負極側スイッチＳＷ５だけをＡ側に切り替えることで、電池ユニットＢａ２を除いた残余の電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ３～Ｂａ（Ｎ）だけが電力負荷３０と電気的に接続している。また例えば、図１２に示す部分放電時２では、電池ユニットＢａ２～Ｂａ（Ｎ－１）の負極側に設けられている負極側スイッチＳＷ５をそれぞれＡ側に切り替えることで、残余の電池ユニットＢａ１，Ｂａ（Ｎ）だけが電力負荷３０と電気的に接続している。 Further, at the time of partial discharge, by switching the negative electrode side switch SW5 of the battery unit Ba excluded from the circuit to the A side different from the other negative electrode side switches SW5, only the remaining battery unit Ba is electrically connected to the power load 30. Can be connected to. For example, in partial discharge 1 shown in FIG. 11, by switching only the negative electrode side switch SW5 provided on the negative electrode side of the battery unit Ba2 to the A side, the remaining battery units Ba1, Ba3 to Ba except for the battery unit Ba2 are switched. Only Ba (N) is electrically connected to the power load 30. Also, for example, in the partial discharge 2 shown in FIG. 12, the remaining battery units Ba1, Ba2 to Ba (N-1) are switched to the A side by switching the negative side switch SW5 provided on the negative side. Only Ba (N) is electrically connected to the power load 30.
　また、電池ユニット間バランス時においては、図１３に示したように、Ｎ個の電池ユニットＢａを並列に接続した場合において電気的に隣接する２つの電池ユニットＢａ（ｉ），Ｂａ（ｉ－１）の間にそれぞれ設けられた（Ｎ－１）個のスイッチＳＷ６を、電気抵抗体６に電流が流れるようにそれぞれＡ側に切り替える。
　なお、Ｎ個の電池ユニットを備える電池システム１ｂにおいて、必ずしも（Ｎ－１）個のスイッチＳＷ６および電気抵抗体６を設ける必要はなく、少なくとも一つのスイッチＳＷ６および電気抵抗体６を備えていれば、電池ユニット間バランスを実行可能である。 Further, at the time of balancing between the battery units, as shown in FIG. 13, when N battery units Ba are connected in parallel, two battery units Ba (i) and Ba (i−1) that are electrically adjacent to each other are connected. ) Are switched to the A side so that a current flows through the electric resistor 6.
In the battery system 1b including N battery units, it is not always necessary to provide (N-1) switches SW6 and electrical resistors 6, and as long as at least one switch SW6 and electrical resistors 6 are provided. The balance between the battery units can be executed.
　次に、上述した産業機械用電池システム１ａ，１ｂの制御フローについて説明する。図１４は、一実施形態にかかる産業機械用電池システム１ａ，１ｂの放電制御フローを示した図である。図１５は、一実施形態にかかる産業機械用電池システム１ａ，１ｂの充電制御フローを示した図である。 Next, the control flow of the above-described industrial machine battery systems 1a and 1b will be described. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a discharge control flow of the industrial machine battery systems 1a and 1b according to the embodiment. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a charging control flow of the industrial machine battery systems 1a and 1b according to the embodiment.
　放電時では、先ず制御装置１０がエラー発生の有無を確認する（Ｓ１）。そして、エラーが発生していないことを確認した後（Ｓ１においてＮｏ）、放電回路への切り替えを行い（Ｓ２）、複数の電池ユニットＢａを電気的に並列に接続する。そしてこの状態で、複数の電池ユニットＢａから電力負荷３０への放電を行う（Ｓ３）。 At the time of discharging, first, the control device 10 checks whether or not an error has occurred (S1). Then, after confirming that no error has occurred (No in S1), switching to the discharge circuit is performed (S2), and the plurality of battery units Ba are electrically connected in parallel. In this state, discharge from the plurality of battery units Ba to the power load 30 is performed (S3).
　制御装置１０がエラー発生を確認した場合は（Ｓ１においてＹｅｓ）、次に部分放電を実施するか否かの判定が行われる（Ｓ４）。そして、部分放電を行う場合は（Ｓ４においてＹｅｓ）、異常が発生している電池ユニットＢａを除いた残余の電池ユニットＢａだけを電力負荷３０と電気的に接続するように、複数の電池ユニットＢａ間の電気的な接続を部分放電回路に切り替える（Ｓ５）。そして、部分放電回路への切り替えが完了した後、電池ユニットＢａから電力負荷３０への放電を行う（Ｓ３）。
　放電が完了すると（Ｓ６においてＹｅｓ）、待機回路へ切り替えられ（Ｓ７）、一連の放電制御フローが終了する。 When the control device 10 confirms that an error has occurred (Yes in S1), it is next determined whether or not to perform partial discharge (S4). When partial discharge is performed (Yes in S4), a plurality of battery units Ba are connected so that only the remaining battery units Ba excluding the battery unit Ba in which an abnormality has occurred are electrically connected to the power load 30. The electrical connection between them is switched to the partial discharge circuit (S5). Then, after switching to the partial discharge circuit is completed, discharging from the battery unit Ba to the power load 30 is performed (S3).
When the discharge is completed (Yes in S6), the standby circuit is switched (S7), and a series of discharge control flow is completed.
　充電時では、先ず制御装置１０がエラー発生の有無を確認する（Ｓ８）。そして、エラーが発生していないことを確認したら（Ｓ８においてＮｏ）、次に充電指令の有無を確認する（Ｓ９）。この充電指令は、人によって直接指示されることで充電指令が発せられるように構成してもよいし、また例えば、充電率が所定の閾値を下回った場合に制御装置１０から自動的に充電指令が発せられるように構成することもできる。 At the time of charging, the control device 10 first checks whether or not an error has occurred (S8). If it is confirmed that no error has occurred (No in S8), the presence / absence of a charging command is then confirmed (S9). This charging command may be configured so that the charging command is issued by being directly instructed by a person. For example, when the charging rate falls below a predetermined threshold, the charging command is automatically issued from the control device 10. It can also be configured to emit.
　充電指令が有りと判定されると（Ｓ９においてＹｅｓ）、充電回路への切り替え行い（Ｓ１０）、複数の電池ユニットＢａを電気的に直列に接続する。そしてこの状態で、急速充電器２０から充電入力部２を介して複数の電池ユニットＢａに充電を行う（Ｓ１１）。 If it is determined that there is a charging command (Yes in S9), switching to the charging circuit is performed (S10), and a plurality of battery units Ba are electrically connected in series. In this state, the plurality of battery units Ba are charged from the quick charger 20 via the charging input unit 2 (S11).
　充電が完了すると（Ｓ１２においてＹｅｓ）、電圧測定回路に切り替えられ（Ｓ１３）、複数の電池ユニットＢａの電圧を測定する。測定された電圧値は制御装置１０に入力される。そして、複数の電圧ユニットＢａ間の電圧差が閾値以上と判定された場合は（Ｓ１４においてＹｅｓ）、複数の電池ユニットＢａ間の電圧差をなくすために電池ユニット間バランスを実行する（Ｓ１５）。なお、充電完了後、直ちに放電を開始する場合などでは、上述した電圧測定（Ｓ１３）および電池ユニット間バランス（Ｓ１５）を省略することが出来るように構成してもよい。
　そして電池ユニット間バランスの完了後、待機回路へ切り替えられ（Ｓ１６）、一連の充電制御フローが終了する。 When charging is completed (Yes in S12), the voltage measurement circuit is switched (S13), and the voltages of the plurality of battery units Ba are measured. The measured voltage value is input to the control device 10. If it is determined that the voltage difference between the plurality of voltage units Ba is equal to or greater than the threshold (Yes in S14), the balance between the battery units is executed in order to eliminate the voltage difference between the plurality of battery units Ba (S15). In the case where discharge is started immediately after completion of charging, the voltage measurement (S13) and the balance between battery units (S15) described above may be omitted.
Then, after the balance between the battery units is completed, the standby circuit is switched to (S16), and a series of charge control flow ends.
　以上のとおり、本発明の少なくとも一実施形態によれば、複数の電池ユニットＢａ間の電気的な接続が、放電時には並列に切り替えられ、充電時には直列に切り替えられるように構成されているため、高電圧下における急速充電が可能で且つ従来どおりの低電圧系のコンポーネントを使用できる産業機械用電池システム１ａ，１ｂを提供することができる。 As described above, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the electrical connection between the plurality of battery units Ba is configured to be switched in parallel at the time of discharging and to be switched in series at the time of charging. It is possible to provide battery systems for industrial machines 1a and 1b that can be rapidly charged under voltage and can use conventional low-voltage components.
　以上、本発明の実施形態について詳細に説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されず、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲において、各種の改良や変形を行ってもよいのはいうまでもない。 As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described in detail, it cannot be overemphasized that this invention is not limited to this, In the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention, various improvement and deformation | transformation may be performed.
　本発明の少なくとも一つの実施形態にかかる産業機械用電池システムは、バッテリ式フォークリフトなどの産業用車両や電力によって作動する電動機械などの産業機械の分野において好適に用いることができる。 The battery system for an industrial machine according to at least one embodiment of the present invention can be suitably used in the field of industrial machines such as an industrial vehicle such as a battery-type forklift or an electric machine operated by electric power.
１ａ，１ｂ　　　　産業機械用電池システム
２　　　　　　　　充電入力部
３　　　　　　　　電力負荷
４　　　　　　　　電気回路
５　　　　　　　　電池セル
６　　　　　　　　電気抵抗体
８　　　　　　　　電圧測定器
１０　　　　　　　制御装置
２０　　　　　　　急速充電器
３０　　　　　　　電力負荷
Ｂａ　　　　　　　電池ユニット
ＳＷ１　　　　　　スイッチ（充電入力部ＯＮ／ＯＦＦスイッチ）
ＳＷ２　　　　　　スイッチ（電力負荷ＯＮ／ＯＦＦスイッチ）
ＳＷ３　　　　　　スイッチ（充放電切り替え手段）
ＳＷ４　　　　　　正極側スイッチ（並列／直列切り替え手段）
ＳＷ５　　　　　　負極側スイッチ（並列／直列切り替え手段）
ＳＷ６　　　　　　スイッチ（抵抗体切り替え手段） DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1a, 1b Battery system 2 for industrial machines 2 Charging input part 3 Electric power load 4 Electric circuit 5 Battery cell 6 Electric resistor 8 Voltage measuring device 10 Control apparatus 20 Quick charger 30 Electric power load Ba Battery unit SW1 Switch (Charging input part ON / OFF switch)
SW2 switch (Power load ON / OFF switch)
SW3 switch (charging / discharging switching means)
SW4 Positive side switch (parallel / series switching means)
SW5 Negative switch (parallel / series switching means)
SW6 switch (resistor switching means)

Claims (7)

  1. 　産業機械に搭載される産業機械用電池システムにおいて、
    　前記電池システムの外部から前記電池システム内に電力を入力可能な充電入力部と、
    　前記産業機械の電力負荷に供給するための電力を貯蔵可能であり、且つ前記充電入力部から供給された電力を充電可能な電池セルを有する複数の電池ユニットと、
    　前記複数の電池ユニットと前記充電入力部、及び前記複数の電池ユニットと前記電力負荷をそれぞれ電気的に接続可能な電気回路と、
    　前記電池ユニットと前記充電入力部とが電気的に接続可能な状態、又は前記電池ユニットと前記電力負荷とが電気的に接続可能な状態を択一的に切り替えるための充放電切り替え手段と、
    　前記複数の電池ユニット間の電気的な接続を並列または直列に択一的に切り替えるための並列／直列切り替え手段と、
    　前記充放電切り替え手段および前記並列／直列切り替え手段を制御可能な制御装置と、を備え、
    　前記制御装置は、
    　前記電池ユニットの電力を前記電力負荷に供給する放電時には、前記電力負荷と前記複数の電池ユニットとが電気的に接続可能なように前記充放電切り替え手段を制御するとともに、前記複数の電池ユニット間の電気的な接続を並列に切り替えるように前記並列／直列切り替え手段を制御し、
    　前記充電入力部から入力された電力を前記電池ユニットに供給する充電時には、前記充電入力部と前記電池ユニットとが電気的に接続可能なように前記充放電切り替え手段を制御するとともに、前記複数の電池ユニット間の電気的な接続を直列に切り替えるように前記並列／直列切り替え手段を制御するように構成されていることを特徴とする産業機械用電池システム。     In battery systems for industrial machines mounted on industrial machines,
    A charging input unit capable of inputting electric power into the battery system from outside the battery system;
    A plurality of battery units having battery cells capable of storing power to be supplied to a power load of the industrial machine and capable of charging power supplied from the charge input unit;
    The plurality of battery units and the charging input unit; and the electric circuits capable of electrically connecting the plurality of battery units and the power load, respectively.
    Charge / discharge switching means for selectively switching a state in which the battery unit and the charge input unit can be electrically connected, or a state in which the battery unit and the power load can be electrically connected;
    Parallel / series switching means for selectively switching the electrical connection between the plurality of battery units in parallel or in series;
    A control device capable of controlling the charge / discharge switching means and the parallel / series switching means,
    The controller is
    At the time of discharging to supply power of the battery unit to the power load, the charge load / discharge switching means is controlled so that the power load and the plurality of battery units can be electrically connected, and between the plurality of battery units. Controlling the parallel / series switching means to switch the electrical connection of
    At the time of charging to supply power input from the charge input unit to the battery unit, the charge input / output switching unit is controlled so that the charge input unit and the battery unit can be electrically connected, and A battery system for an industrial machine configured to control the parallel / series switching means so as to switch the electrical connection between the battery units in series.
  2. 　前記産業機械用電池システムは、電気抵抗体と、前記電気抵抗体に電流が流れる状態又は流れない状態を択一的に切り替えるための抵抗体切り替え手段とをさらに備え、
    　前記制御装置は、
    　前記複数の電池ユニット間の電圧差をなくすために実行する電池ユニット間バランス時には、前記複数の電池ユニット間の電気的な接続を並列に切り替えるように前記並列／直列切り替え手段を制御するとともに、前記電気抵抗体に電流が流れる状態となるように前記抵抗体切り替え手段を制御するように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の産業機械用電池システム。     The industrial machine battery system further comprises an electrical resistor, and a resistor switching means for selectively switching between a state in which current flows or a state in which no current flows through the electrical resistor,
    The controller is
    At the time of balancing between battery units executed to eliminate the voltage difference between the plurality of battery units, the parallel / series switching means is controlled to switch the electrical connection between the plurality of battery units in parallel, and 2. The battery system for industrial machines according to claim 1, wherein the resistor switching means is controlled so that a current flows through the electric resistor.
  3. 　前記並列／直列切り替え手段）は、前記複数の電池ユニットから任意の一部の電池ユニットを除いた残余の電池ユニットだけを前記電力負荷と電気的に接続するように前記複数の電池ユニット間の電気的な接続を切り替え可能に構成されており、
    前記制御装置は、
    　前記複数の電池ユニットから一部の電池ユニットを除いた残余の電池ユニットの電力を前記電力負荷に供給する部分放電時には、前記電池ユニットと前記電力負荷とが電気的に接続可能なように前記充放電切り替え手段を制御するとともに、前記残余の電池ユニットだけを前記電力負荷と電気的に接続するように前記並列／直列切り替え手段を制御するように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の産業機械用電池システム。     The parallel / series switching means) is configured to electrically connect only the remaining battery units excluding any part of the battery units from the plurality of battery units to the electric power load. It is configured to be able to switch the general connection,
    The controller is
    At the time of partial discharge in which the power of the remaining battery units excluding some of the battery units from the plurality of battery units is supplied to the power load, the charging is performed so that the battery units and the power load can be electrically connected. The discharge / switching means is controlled, and the parallel / series switching means is controlled to electrically connect only the remaining battery unit to the power load. The battery system for industrial machines described in 2.
  4. 　前記並列／直列切り替え手段は、電気的に接続可能に配置される２つの電池ユニットの内、一方の電池ユニットの正極側に設けられる正極側スイッチと、他方の電池ユニットの負極側に設けられる負極側スイッチとを含み、
    　前記正極側スイッチを一側、前記負極側スイッチを他側に、それぞれ択一的に切り替えることにより前記２つの電池ユニットが電気的に並列に接続され、
    　前記正極側スイッチを他側、前記負極側スイッチを一側に、それぞれ択一的に切り替えることにより前記２つの電池ユニットが電気的に直列に接続されるように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項１乃至３の何れか一項に記載の産業機械用電池システム。     The parallel / series switching means includes a positive electrode switch provided on the positive electrode side of one battery unit, and a negative electrode provided on the negative electrode side of the other battery unit, out of two battery units arranged to be electrically connectable. Including a side switch,
    The two battery units are electrically connected in parallel by selectively switching the positive side switch to one side and the negative side switch to the other side, respectively.
    The two battery units are configured to be electrically connected in series by selectively switching the positive side switch to the other side and the negative side switch to the one side, respectively. The battery system for industrial machines as described in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3.
  5. 　前記電気抵抗体は、電力によって発光する発光手段および電力によって音を発する音響発生手段の少なくともいずれか一方を含むことを特徴とする請求項２に記載の産業機械用電池システム。 3. The battery system for industrial machines according to claim 2, wherein the electric resistor includes at least one of a light emitting unit that emits light by electric power and a sound generating unit that emits sound by electric power.
  6. 　前記電気抵抗体は、その抵抗値が可変に構成されていることを特徴とする請求項２に記載の産業機械用電池システム。 The battery system for industrial machines according to claim 2, wherein the resistance value of the electric resistor is variable.
  7. 　前記電池セルをリチウムイオン電池セルとすることを特徴とする請求項１乃至６の何れか一項に記載の産業機械用電池システム。 The battery system for industrial machines according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the battery cell is a lithium ion battery cell.
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