NL2030079B1 - Electric power system for a commercial vehicle - Google Patents
Electric power system for a commercial vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NL2030079B1 NL2030079B1 NL2030079A NL2030079A NL2030079B1 NL 2030079 B1 NL2030079 B1 NL 2030079B1 NL 2030079 A NL2030079 A NL 2030079A NL 2030079 A NL2030079 A NL 2030079A NL 2030079 B1 NL2030079 B1 NL 2030079B1
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- electrical power
- electric power
- positive
- unit
- power system
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/19—Switching between serial connection and parallel connection of battery modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
Abstract
An electric power system for a commercial vehicle comprising a plurality of electric power units, each comprising a positive and a negative power terminal. The electric power system further comprises a switch unit, comprising a positive and a negative input terminal, and at least two distinct pairs of positive and negative output terminals electrically connectable to power terminals. The electric power system further comprises a controller, arranged for controlling the switch unit to switch between a parallel configuration and a serial configuration. The plurality of electric power units are divided into expandable groups of at least two electric power units. Each expandable group is connectable with a distinct pair of positive and negative output terminals, and each electric power unit of an expandable group is electrically connected in parallel to the respective distinct pair of positive and negative output terminals.
Description
P131499NL00
Title: ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM FOR A COMMERCIAL VEHICLE
The invention relates to an electric power system for a commercial vehicle.
The invention further relates to a truck comprising a corresponding electric power system.
Commercial vehicles, such as trucks, driven by an electric motor may be provided with an electric power system, e.g. formed by a number of connected battery packs, on board of the truck to store and supply electric power to a high voltage system arranged for powering the electric motor.
Discharge of electric power is preferably performed at a standard voltage, e.g. between 400 and 800 Volt, which allows to utilize off-the-shelf power electronics to supply a sufficient driving current to the electric motor. When (nearly) depleted, the electric power system can also be used for recharging electric power units, e.g. battery packs. Charging is preferably performed at relatively high voltage, e.g. to reduce transmission losses and heat dissipation.
In known electric power systems, such as described in
CN110601319, WO2014156390, US10974617 and EP3664251, the battery packs are part of a circuit, that can be switched between a low voltage configuration, in which the battery packs are connected in parallel, and a high voltage configuration, in which the battery packs are connected in series. Because the battery packs are part of the circuit, scalability of these battery systems may be a challenge.
A disadvantage of these electric power systems, however, is that a relatively large number of switching devices are associated with each battery pack, which may increase the complexity, reliability as well as the cost of the electric power system when expanded with more battery packs.
The object of the present invention is to advance the field of electric power systems for commercial vehicles, by addressing these and other drawbacks.
In summary, the invention provides an electric power system for a commercial vehicle, comprising a plurality of electric power units and a switch unit. Each electric power unit of the plurality of electric power units comprises a positive and a negative power terminal. The positive and negative power terminals are each electrically connectable with an electrode, e.g. of a battery pack or a supercapacitor, each connectable by a switch device. The switch unit comprises a positive and a negative input terminal, and at least two distinct pairs of positive and negative output terminals. Each distinct pair of positive and negative output terminals is electrically connectable to power terminals. The electric power system further comprises a controller, arranged for controlling the switch unit to switch between a parallel configuration, in which first and second switch devices electrically connect each positive output terminal in parallel to the positive input terminal and each negative output terminal in parallel to the negative input terminal, and a serial configuration, in which one positive output terminal is electrically connected to the positive input terminal, one negative output terminal is electrically connected to the negative input terminal, and at least one third switch device electrically connects remaining positive and negative output terminals. The plurality of electric power units are divided into expandable groups of at least two electric power units. Each expandable group is connectable with a distinct pair of positive and negative output terminals, and each electric power unit of an expandable group is electrically connected in parallel to the respective distinct pair of positive and negative output terminals.
By having electric power units divided into expandable groups that are connectable to a switch unit, when scaling up the electric power system, increasing the number of electric power units does not lead to additional switch devices in the switch unit. Accordingly, a scalable electric power system for a commercial vehicle is provided that is switchable between a parallel and a serial configuration by a minimalized number of switch devices, to decrease the size, complexity and cost of the electric power system.
In some embodiments, the electric power system comprises an even number (N) of electric power units, equally divided into two expandable groups, the switch unit comprises three switch devices, and the electric power system comprises a total number of switch devices equal to 3+2*N.
Since the switch unit minimally comprises three switch devices, and each electric power unit minimally comprises two switch devices, the total number of switch devices of the electric power system of the present invention is reduced compared to conventional electric power systems, e.g. for systems comprising more than two electric power units.
To further improve the scalability of the electric power system, reduce development costs and minimize the number of service parts, each electric power unit of the plurality of electric power units can be identical, e.g. by having similar or identical size, energy storage capacity, and/or shape.
Preferably, each electric power unit comprises at least one switch device comprising a voltage adjusting unit, arranged for adjusting a voltage on the electric power unit. In this way, when multiple electric power units are connected in parallel, in the expandable groups or in parallel by the switch unit, the voltage on each electric power unit can be adjusted, to further improve the scalability of the electric power system.
To reduce the amount of cabling between the electric power units and the switch unit, e.g. for reducing transmission losses and/or for providing a more compact electric power system, each electric power unit of the plurality of electric power units may comprise additional positive and negative power terminals. As such each electric power unit can be arranged for electrically connecting to adjacent electric power units in a daisy chain.
Preferably, the plurality of electric power units form parallel arrays on one side of the switch unit. In this way, a scalable electric power system 1s provided which can be implemented in a commercial vehicle, such as a truck, in a compact fashion.
To further improve the compactness of the electric power system, the switch unit can be integrated in a high voltage junction box or power distribution unit of the commercial vehicle.
In some embodiments, in the parallel configuration, the electric power units are chargeable on a voltage level between 600-900 V.
Accordingly, the electric power system allows charging the electric power units at a relatively slow rate.
In other or further embodiments, in the serial configuration, the electric power units are chargeable on a voltage level between 1200-1800 V.
Accordingly, the electric power system allows charging the electric power units at a relatively fast rate.
Other aspects of the invention relate to a truck, comprising the electric power system described herein.
To power an electric motor or to charge the electric power system, the truck may further comprise a high voltage system, wherein the positive and negative input terminal of the switch unit are electrically connected to the high voltage system.
Preferably, the controller is additionally arranged for controlling the switch unit to switch to an open configuration, in which the first, second and third switch devices are in an open position, to electrically disconnect the plurality of electric power units from the high voltage system.
Accordingly, power between the high voltage system and the plurality of electric power units can be interrupted, e.g. in a parking or standby mode, or in case of a system malfunction of the high voltage system and/or the electric power system. 5 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be further elucidated in the figures:
FIG 1 provides a diagram of an embodiment of an electric power system for a commercial vehicle, comprising electric power units arranged in two expandable groups;
FIG 2 provides a diagram of another or further embodiment of the electric power system, wherein the electric power units are arranged in three expandable groups;
FIG 3 provides a diagram of another or further embodiment of the electric power system, wherein the electric power units are arranged in a daisy chain;
FIG 4 illustrates a truck, comprising an electric power system as described herein.
The invention is described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown.
In the drawings, the absolute and relative sizes of systems, components, layers, and regions may be exaggerated for clarity. Embodiments may be described with reference to schematic and/or cross-section illustrations of possibly idealized embodiments and intermediate structures of the invention. In the description and drawings, like numbers refer to like elements throughout. Relative terms as well as derivatives thereof should be construed to refer to the orientation as then described or as shown in the drawing under discussion. These relative terms are for convenience of description and do not require that the system be constructed or operated in a particular orientation unless stated otherwise.
Now with reference to FIG 1, there is provided a diagram of an embodiment of an electric power system 100 for a commercial vehicle, such as a truck, e.g. comprising a tractor of a tractor-trailer combination, or a box truck. The electric power system can e.g. be arranged for powering one or more components or drives of the commercial vehicle. The electric power system may also be suitable for powering other types of vehicles, such as passenger cars, agricultural vehicles, heavy duty vehicles, busses, trains, airplanes, or boats. The electric power system 100 comprises a plurality of electric power units 110-1,...110-N. An electric power unit 110 can for example be an energy storage device, such as a battery comprising one or more battery cells, or a supercapacitor. The electric power system 100 can comprise more than two electric power units 110, preferably more than four electric power units 110. Each electric power unit 110 comprises a positive power terminal 111 and a negative power terminal 112, e.g. a positive and negative high voltage connector, HV+ and HV-. The positive and negative power terminals 111, 112 are each electrically connectable with one or more electrodes of the electric power unit 110. The electrodes of the electric power unit 110 can for example be of an energy storage device, such as a battery cell, or of a supercapacitor, or the like. The positive power terminal 111 is connectable to the electrode by a switch device 115 and the negative power terminal 112 is connectable to the electrode by a switch device 115.
Preferably, each electric power unit 110 is identical. For example, each electric power unit 110 comprises the same components and has a similar size, energy storage capacity and shape, to facilitate scalability of the electric power system by having interchangeable parts.
The electric power system 100 further comprises a switch unit 120, comprising a positive input terminal 121 and a negative input terminal 122.
The switch unit 120 further comprises two distinct pairs 123a,b. Distinct pair 123a comprises a number of positive output terminals 1244 and a number of negative output terminals 1254. Distinct pair 123b comprises a number of positive output terminals 124b and a number of negative output terminals 125b. The positive and negative output terminals 1244,b, 125a,b can e.g. be HV+ and HV- connectors. Each distinct pair 1234,b is electrically connectable to power terminals 111, 112. Each distinct pair 123a,b is distinct in that it can provide an isolated electrical connection between the input terminals 121, 122 and any electric power units 110 connected to the respective distinct pair of positive and negative output terminals 124a,b, 125a,b.
The switch unit 120 is switchable, by a controller 180, between a parallel configuration and a serial configuration. In the parallel configuration, the controller 180 can for example control a first switch device 126 and a second switch device 127 to electrically connect each positive output terminal 124a.b in parallel to the positive input terminal 121 and each negative output terminal 1254,b in parallel to the negative input terminal 122. In the serial configuration, positive output terminal 1244 is electrically connected to the positive input terminal 121, negative output terminal 125b 1s electrically connected to the negative mput terminal 122, and the controller 180 can for example control a third switch device 128 to electrically connect the remaining positive output terminal 124b with negative output terminal 1254.
As shown in FIG 1, the electric power units 110-1,...110-Nare divided into two expandable groups 201, 202 of at least two electric power units 110, e.g. each group comprising two electric power units 110 and being expandable to three, four, or more electric power units 110. Expandable group 201 is connectable with distinct pair 123a of positive and negative output terminals 124a, 125a. Expandable group 202 is connectable with distinct pair 123b of positive and negative output terminals 124b, 125b.
Each electric power unit 110 of an expandable group 201, 202 is electrically connected in parallel to the respective distinct pair of positive and negative output terminals.
In preferred embodiments, e.g. as illustrated in FIG 1, the electric power system 100 comprises an even number N of electric power units 110, equally divided into two expandable groups 201, 202, the switch unit 120 comprises three switch devices, and the electric power system 100 comprises a total number of switch devices equal to 3+2*N.
Accordingly, a scalable electric power system is provided with a minimalized number of switch devices, that is switchable between a parallel and a serial configuration. In the parallel configuration, the electric power units 110 may e.g. be chargeable on a voltage level between 600-900 V. In the serial configuration, the electric power units 110 may e.g. be chargeable on a voltage level between 1200-1800 V.
The invention is however not limited to the above described embodiment. Alternatively, the electric power system 100 can comprise more than two expandable groups, e.g. three or four expandable groups, or more. This may for example provide more flexibility in charging on different voltage levels. For example, FIG 2 provides a diagram of an embodiment of the electric power system 100 comprising three expandable groups 201, 202, 203 of electric power units 110-1,...110-M.
Here, the switch unit 120 comprises three distinct pairs 123a,b,c.
Distinct pair 1234 comprises a number of positive and negative output terminals 1244, 1254, distinct pair 123b comprises a number of positive and negative output terminals 124b, 125b, and distinct pair 123c comprises a number of positive and negative output terminals 124c, 125c¢.
The switch unit 120 is switchable, by the controller 180, between a parallel configuration and a serial configuration. In the parallel configuration, the controller 180 may e.g. control the first switch devices 1264,b and the second switch devices 127a,b to electrically connect each positive output terminal 1244,b,c in parallel to the positive input terminal
121 and each negative output terminal 1254,b,c in parallel to the negative input terminal 122. In the serial configuration, positive output terminal 124a is electrically connected to the positive input terminal 121, negative output terminal 125c is electrically connected to the negative input terminal 122, and the controller 180 may e.g. control the third switch devices 128a,b to electrically connect remaining positive output terminal 124b with negative output terminal 125a, and positive output terminal 124c with negative output terminal 125b.
FIG 3 provides a diagram of another or further embodiment of the electric power system 100. As illustrated, each electric power unit 110 comprises an additional positive power terminal 113 and negative power terminal 114, arranged for electrically connecting to an adjacent electric power unit 110 in a daisy chain. For example, within expandable group 201, the electric power units 110-1, 110-3, ...110-N-1 are connected in a daisy chain by having the positive power terminal 111 of an electric power unit 110 electrically connected to an additional positive power terminal 113 of an adjacent electric power unit 110. Similarly, within expandable group 202, the electric power units 110-2, 110-4, ...110-N are connected in a daisy chain. As a result, the wiring harness of the electric power system 100 can be reduced in length and size, e.g. to provide a more compact electric power system 100 and/or to reduce cabling transmission losses.
Each electric power unit 110 comprises a switch device 115, e.g. between the positive power terminal 111 and the charge electrode that is part of the power unit comprising a voltage adjusting unit 116. The voltage adjusting unit 116 is arranged for adjusting a voltage on the electric power unit 110, for example by comprising a pre-charge resistor and a contactor, as illustrated in FIG 3. The voltage adjusting unit 116 can e.g. be arranged for allowing electric power units 110 to be connected in parallel within an expandable group 201, 202. Alternatively, or additionally, the voltage adjusting unit 116 can e.g. be arranged for allowing electric power units 110 in different expandable groups 201, 202 to be connected in parallel to the switch unit 120.
Preferably, each of the expandable groups 201, 202 is connectable to the switch unit 120 to have the electric power units 110-1,...110-N form parallel arrays on one side of the switch unit 120. For example, the expandable groups 201, 202 are both connected to a long side of the switch unit 120, and extend from the switch unit 120 in an extension direction perpendicular to the long side, and the electric power units 110 form arrays along the extension direction of the expandable groups 201, 202.
In some embodiments, e.g. as illustrated in FIG 3, the switch unit 120 may be integrated in a high voltage junction box 300, or power distribution unit, of the commercial vehicle. The high voltage junction box 300 may for example further comprise power controllers for controlling the power supply from the electric power system e.g. to an electric motor of the vehicle, charging controllers for controlling charging of the electric power units 110, fuses, switch units, and a battery management system. The high voltage junction box can e.g. comprise the controller 180 arranged for controlling the switch unit 120 to switch between configurations, e.g. by controlling one or more of the first, second or third switch devices 126, 127, 128.
The invention further relates to a truck 1000, illustrated in FIG 4, comprising an electric power system 100 as described herein. As shown, the electric power system 100 may comprise two expandable groups 201, 202, connected to a switch unit 120. Each of the expandable groups 201, 202 comprises four electric power units 110 arranged in a daisy chain configuration. Expandable group 201 comprises electric power units 110-1, 110-3, 110-5, and 110-7, while expandable group 202 comprises electric power units 110-2, 110-4, 110-6, and 110-8. The truck 1000, or components thereof, may be powered by the electric power system 100. For example, the truck 1000 may further comprise an electric drive, for driving the wheels of the truck 1000, and the electric power system 100 may be arranged for storing and supplying electric power for powering the electric drive.
Alternatively, or additionally, the electric power system 100 may be arranged for powering other electric components of the truck 1000.
The truck 1000 may further comprise a high voltage system 500, e.g. for powering an electric motor or for charging the electric power system 100. The high voltage system 500 can e.g. comprise power electronics suitable for powering the electric motor at a standard voltage between 400 and 800 Volt. The high voltage system 500 may additionally comprise power electronics suitable for charging the electric power system 100 at a different voltages, e.g. between 600 and 900 Volt for standard charging, or between 1200 and 1800 Volt for fast charging. To receive power from the electric power units 110 or to provide power to the electric power units 110, e.g. in the parallel or serial configuration, the high voltage system 500 can be electrically connected to the positive input terminal 121 and the negative input terminal 122 of the switch unit 120.
The controller 180 may additionally be arranged for controlling the switch unit 120 to switch to an open configuration, in which all of the first switch devices 126, second switch devices 127 and third switch devices 128 are in an open, electrically disconnected position, to electrically disconnect the plurality of electric power units 110-1,...110-8 from the high voltage system 500. In this way, electric power between the plurality of electric power units 110-1,...110-8 and the high voltage system 500 can be interrupted, e.g. in a parking or standby mode or in case of a system malfunction of the high voltage system 500 and/ or of the electric power system 100.
It 1s thus believed that the operation and construction of the present invention will be apparent from the foregoing description and drawings appended thereto. For the purpose of clarity and a concise description features are described herein as part of the same or separate embodiments,
however, it will be appreciated that the scope of the invention may include embodiments having combinations of all or some of the features described.
The invention applies not only to automotive applications where the electric power system is used for powering a vehicle, such as a truck, but also to other technical, agricultural or industrial applications where an electric power system is used. It will be clear to the skilled person that the invention is not limited to any embodiment herein described and that modifications are possible which may be considered within the scope of the appended claims. Also kinematic inversions are considered inherently disclosed and can be within the scope of the invention. In the claims, any reference signs shall not be construed as limiting the claim.
The terms 'comprising’ and ‘including’ when used in this description or the appended claims should not be construed in an exclusive or exhaustive sense but rather in an inclusive sense. Thus expression as ‘including’ or ‘comprising’ as used herein does not exclude the presence of other elements, additional structure or additional acts or steps in addition to those listed. Furthermore, the words ‘a’ and ‘an’ shall not be construed as limited to ‘only one’, but instead are used to mean ‘at least one’, and do not exclude a plurality. Features that are not specifically or explicitly described or claimed may additionally be included in the structure of the invention without departing from its scope.
Expressions such as: "means for ...” should be read as: "component configured for …" or "member constructed to …" and should be construed to include equivalents for the structures disclosed. The use of expressions like: "critical", "preferred", "especially preferred" etc. is not intended to limit the invention. To the extent that structure, material, or acts are considered to be essential they are inexpressively indicated as such. Additions, deletions, and modifications within the purview of the skilled person may generally be made without departing from the scope of the invention, as determined by the claims.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2030079A NL2030079B1 (en) | 2021-12-08 | 2021-12-08 | Electric power system for a commercial vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2030079A NL2030079B1 (en) | 2021-12-08 | 2021-12-08 | Electric power system for a commercial vehicle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NL2030079B1 true NL2030079B1 (en) | 2023-06-22 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2030079A NL2030079B1 (en) | 2021-12-08 | 2021-12-08 | Electric power system for a commercial vehicle |
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| NL (1) | NL2030079B1 (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014156390A1 (en) | 2013-03-27 | 2014-10-02 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Battery system for industrial machine |
| US20170225588A1 (en) * | 2016-02-09 | 2017-08-10 | NextEv USA, Inc. | Modular battery assembly |
| US20190097436A1 (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2019-03-28 | Nio Usa, Inc. | Power systems and methods for electric vehicles |
| CN110601319A (en) | 2019-10-23 | 2019-12-20 | 西安电子科技大学芜湖研究院 | Series-parallel battery conversion module |
| EP3664251A1 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2020-06-10 | Yazaki Corporation | Power supply system |
| US10974617B2 (en) | 2018-01-22 | 2021-04-13 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Electric power storage system |
-
2021
- 2021-12-08 NL NL2030079A patent/NL2030079B1/en active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014156390A1 (en) | 2013-03-27 | 2014-10-02 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Battery system for industrial machine |
| US20170225588A1 (en) * | 2016-02-09 | 2017-08-10 | NextEv USA, Inc. | Modular battery assembly |
| US20190097436A1 (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2019-03-28 | Nio Usa, Inc. | Power systems and methods for electric vehicles |
| US10974617B2 (en) | 2018-01-22 | 2021-04-13 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Electric power storage system |
| EP3664251A1 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2020-06-10 | Yazaki Corporation | Power supply system |
| CN110601319A (en) | 2019-10-23 | 2019-12-20 | 西安电子科技大学芜湖研究院 | Series-parallel battery conversion module |
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