WO2014142117A1 - 抗ブドウ球菌抗体、その製造方法並びにその使用 - Google Patents
抗ブドウ球菌抗体、その製造方法並びにその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014142117A1 WO2014142117A1 PCT/JP2014/056324 JP2014056324W WO2014142117A1 WO 2014142117 A1 WO2014142117 A1 WO 2014142117A1 JP 2014056324 W JP2014056324 W JP 2014056324W WO 2014142117 A1 WO2014142117 A1 WO 2014142117A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/12—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from bacteria
- C07K16/1267—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from bacteria from Gram-positive bacteria
- C07K16/1271—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from bacteria from Gram-positive bacteria from Micrococcaceae (F), e.g. Staphylococcus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
- A61K2039/507—Comprising a combination of two or more separate antibodies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/10—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by their source of isolation or production
- C07K2317/14—Specific host cells or culture conditions, e.g. components, pH or temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
- C07K2317/33—Crossreactivity, e.g. for species or epitope, or lack of said crossreactivity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antibody that binds to staphylococci, a method for producing the same, and its use against staphylococcal infections.
- Staphylococci are a kind of resident bacteria of humans and are also known as infection-causing bacteria.
- Staphylococcus aureus is said to be 20 to 30% of people who are constantly carrying 50 to 60% of people (Non-patent Document 1). Except for food poisoning and skin / soft tissue infections (such as jumpy lobe, cellulitis), it usually shows little pathogenicity to healthy people, but it is a surgical patient, hemodialysis patient, artificial medical device with large invasion. Serious infections are often caused in living body replacement patients, diabetics, and very premature babies with an immature immune system and no resident bacterial flora. The development of antibacterial agents against staphylococci began with ⁇ -lactam penicillins.
- Non-Patent Document 2 Non-Patent Document 2
- Non-Patent Document 3 resistant bacteria to oxazolidine-based antibacterial agents also appeared in the same year.
- Staphylococcus aureus is a major threat to hospital infections.
- MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- Non-patent Document 5 which is highly pathogenic and in which healthy individuals are infected in the city and exhibit severe symptoms, is also increasing.
- examples of the vaccine include Staphylococcus aureus capsular polysaccharide types 5 and 8, Iron Surface Determinant B, and examples of antibodies include antibodies against Clumping factor A, ABC transporter, and tycoic acid.
- Non-patent Document 6 Many conventional vaccines and antibodies for controlling infection have not been sufficiently effective in clinical trials and preclinical trials. Inadequate clinical efficacy of vaccines or antibodies that use these specific capsule components, specific production toxins, specific cell wall-binding proteins, or bacterial cell components as antigens is appropriate for conventional immunization methods. It is difficult to obtain an antibody that recognizes a specific epitope.
- the present inventors have intensively studied to solve these problems, and succeeded in producing a novel antibody by using staphylococci obtained by deacetylating a cell surface substance as an antigen. In addition, we have succeeded in finding specific antibodies effective for staphylococcal infection models.
- an anti-staphylococcal antibody having an effect of treating or preventing staphylococcal infection, particularly an anti-staphylococcus aureus antibody, is provided.
- This antibody can preferably be obtained by immunizing deacetylated staphylococci.
- an anti-staphylococcal antibody (ZBIA5H series antibody or ZBIA3H series antibody) comprising a complementarity determining region (CDR) derived from a ZBIA5H antibody or ZBIA3H antibody is provided.
- This antibody preferably comprises the same CDR as the ZBIA5H or ZBIA3H antibody.
- the heavy chain variable region comprises CDRH 1, 2, and 3 each comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3, or the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 9, 10, and 11, respectively.
- An anti-staphylococcal antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising CDRL1, 2 and 3 each comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5 and 6 or the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 12, 13 and 14; Provided.
- an anti-staphylococcal antibody comprising a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8 Antibody.
- an anti-staphylococcal antibody comprising a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15 and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16.
- These antibodies are preferably capable of binding S. aureus. These antibodies are also preferably capable of binding other staphylococci (for example, Staphylococcus epidermidis, rot staphylococci or Staphylococcus haemolyticus), particularly preferably staphylococcus epidermidis. These antibodies preferably have a therapeutic or prophylactic effect for staphylococcal infections, and more preferably have a therapeutic or prophylactic effect for drug-resistant staphylococcal infections.
- the present invention provides anti-staphylococcal antibodies conjugated with antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, the present invention provides a nucleic acid encoding an anti-staphylococcal antibody, a vector containing the nucleic acid, and a host cell containing the vector. Furthermore, according to the present invention, there is provided a method for producing an antibody comprising culturing a host cell under conditions where a nucleic acid encoding an anti-staphylococcal antibody expresses the antibody.
- a composition comprising an anti-staphylococcal antibody is provided.
- the pharmaceutical for the treatment or prevention of a staphylococcal infection containing an anti-staphylococcal antibody is provided.
- a method for treating or preventing staphylococcal infection comprising administering an anti-staphylococcal antibody or composition to a subject to be treated or prevented.
- the present invention provides the use of an anti-staphylococcal antibody or composition in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of staphylococcal infection.
- the present invention provides anti-staphylococcal antibodies or compositions for use in the treatment or prevention of staphylococcal infections.
- the composition comprises: (a) a container; (b) a package insert and / or a label on the container; and (c) an anti-staphylococcal antibody contained within the container.
- An article of manufacture is provided that indicates that at least one such composition of the package insert and / or label on the container can be used for the treatment or prevention of staphylococcal infections.
- an anti-staphylococcal antibody comprising immunizing a mammal with deacetylated staphylococci and obtaining antibody-producing cells from the mammal.
- various antigenicities can be imparted by deacetylation of staphylococci, and novel and various types of antibodies can be produced.
- the present invention is not limited to this, but typically, Staphylococcus aureus is mentioned as a clinically important infection-causing staphylococci.
- the antibody titer to S. aureus of the deacetylated staphylococcal immunized mouse serum is shown.
- the reactivity of an anti-staphylococcal antibody in Staphylococcus aureus solid-phased Cell-ELISA is shown.
- the reactivity of ZBIA5H antibody and ZBIA3H antibody in S. epidermidis cell-ELISA is shown.
- the efficacy of ZBIA5H antibody in S. aureus MW2 strain mouse sepsis model is shown. * Indicates a significant difference (Fischer's exact test) in the number of survivors to the PBS administration group (*: P ⁇ 0.05, **: P ⁇ 0.01).
- mouth pneumonia model of ZBIA3H antibody is shown.
- the therapeutic effect in a Staphylococcus aureus MW2 strain mouse pneumonia model of ZBIA5H antibody is shown.
- mouth pneumonia model of ZBIA3H antibody is shown.
- the variable region amino acid numbers (SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 8) of the ZBIA5H antibody are shown.
- the underlined portion is the complementarity determining region (CDR) defined by Kabat. 2 shows the variable region amino acid sequences of the ZBIA3H antibody (SEQ ID NOs: 15 and 16).
- the underlined portion is the complementarity determining region (CDR) defined by Kabat.
- Staphylococcus means gram-positive cocci belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. Staphylococci can be identified and discriminated according to conventional methods based on their biochemical characteristics (for example, glucose fermentability, coagulase activity) or genetic characteristics. Examples of staphylococcal species include, but are not limited to, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and the like. Among the staphylococcal species, Staphylococcus aureus can be mentioned as a bacterial species that is a clinically important infection-causing bacterium and has a particularly high effect of the present invention.
- Staphylococcus aureus means a Gram-positive cocci belonging to the Staphylococcus aureus species. Staphylococcus aureus can be identified and discriminated according to conventional methods based on its biochemical characteristics (for example, glucose fermentability, coagulase activity, pigment production ability) or genetic characteristics. Specific strains of S. aureus include, but are not limited to, MW2 strain, USA300 strain, Mu3 strain, Mu50 strain, COL strain, N315 strain, VRS1 strain, and the like.
- Staphylococcus epidermidis means gram-positive cocci belonging to Staphylococcus epidermidis species
- septic staphylococci means gram-positive cocci belonging to staphylococcus species (Staphylococcus saprophyticus species)
- Staphylococcus haemolyticus means a Gram-positive cocci belonging to the Staphylococcus haemolyticus species.
- “Drug-resistant staphylococci” refers to antibacterial substances ( ⁇ -lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, chloramphenicols, tetracyclines, quinolones, penems, glycopeptides, oxazolidines It means staphylococci that have acquired resistance to such drugs, and includes low-grade staphylococci and hetero-resistant staphylococci to these drugs. In particular, staphylococci that have acquired resistance to a plurality of drugs are referred to as multidrug resistant staphylococci.
- “Drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus” includes methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA). Specific strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are not limited to this, but examples include MW2 strain and N315 strain, and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is not limited thereto. However, for example, VRS1 strain and the like can be mentioned.
- a “staphylococcal infection” means an infection caused by staphylococci. Infections caused by S. aureus include but are not limited to food poisoning, skin / soft tissue infections (eg acne, contagious impetigo, folliculitis, furuncle, Carbuncle, suppurative dysentery, mastitis, infectious nailitis, cellulitis (cellulitis), suppurative myositis, subcutaneous abscess, postoperative wound infection), bacteremia, sepsis, endocardium Inflammation, meningitis, brain abscess, osteomyelitis, arthritis, toxic shock syndrome, staphylococcal burn-like skin syndrome, secondary erythroderma infection, lymphadenitis, blepharitis, stye, non-gonococcal bacterial conjunctivitis , Corneal ulcer, rhinitis, sinusitis, submandibular infection, pharyngeal maxillary abscess, purulent par
- Infections caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis include, but are not limited to, skin / soft tissue infections (eg, deep suppuration or chronic infections, particularly when using medical devices such as catheters and heart valves) Disease), bacteremia, sepsis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis and the like.
- infections caused by rot staphylococci include, but are not limited to, urinary tract infections.
- Infections caused by Staphylococcus haemolyticus include, but are not limited to, urinary tract infections.
- At least some of the infectious diseases mentioned above are in particular patients with implants of artificial medical devices / implants (eg artificial valves, artificial joints, central venous catheters, heart valves, etc.), surgical patients, cancer patients, hemodialysis patients, premature infants. It is particularly likely to occur in diabetics, immunocompromised patients, the elderly, and ventilator users.
- implants of artificial medical devices / implants eg artificial valves, artificial joints, central venous catheters, heart valves, etc.
- surgical patients eg., cancer patients, hemodialysis patients, premature infants. It is particularly likely to occur in diabetics, immunocompromised patients, the elderly, and ventilator users.
- Antibody refers to an immunoglobulin polypeptide that binds to an antigen, and includes a full-length antibody having a pair of polypeptide chains including a light chain and a heavy chain, and a portion (fragment) thereof. .
- Each heavy or light chain may comprise a variable region (related to antigen recognition and binding) and a constant region (related to localization and cell-cell interactions).
- the most common full-length antibodies are two heavy chain constant regions (C H ), two heavy chain variable regions (V H ), two light chain constant regions (C L ), and two light chains. Includes variable region (V L ).
- the variable region includes a complementarity determining region (CDR) that is a sequence that confers antigen specificity to the antibody, and a framework region (FR).
- CDR complementarity determining region
- Antibodies include monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies formed from at least two antibodies (eg, bispecific antibodies), and antibody fragments having the desired biological activity.
- antibodies include chimeric antibodies (eg, humanized antibodies), (fully) human antibodies, multivalent antibodies, and modified antibodies.
- the antibody may be of any class (for example, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE) and any subclass as long as the effects of the invention are not impaired.
- the antibody particularly when the antibody includes an Fc region, the antibody may include a sugar chain.
- Antibodies produced by mammalian cells typically contain branched oligosaccharides that are generally linked by N-linkage to the Asn297 of the CH2 domain of the Fc region (see, eg, Wright et al., (1997) TIBTECH 15: 26-32 checking).
- Oligosaccharides can include various carbohydrates such as mannose, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), galactose, and sialic acid, and fucose attached to GlcNAc as the “stem part” of the biantennary oligosaccharide structure.
- variable region or “variable domain” refers to the domain that is present at the amino terminus of an antibody heavy or light chain and is generally the most variable in an antibody and includes an antigen binding site.
- the variable region of the heavy chain is referred to as V H and the variable region of the light chain is referred to as VL .
- the variable region consists of three segments called complementarity determining regions (CDRs) or hypervariable regions (HVRs) that change most frequently in the variable region and a relatively highly conserved framework region (FR). ) Segment.
- CDRs complementarity determining regions
- HVRs hypervariable regions
- FR relatively highly conserved framework region
- the CDRs of each chain bind to FR and contribute to the formation of the antigen binding site of the antibody together with the CDRs of other chains (see, for example, Kabat et al., Sequence of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. (See National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. (1991)).
- CDR complementarity determining region
- HVR hypervariable region
- VL VL
- CDR any definition can be used as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired.
- the definition of CDR is not limited to this.
- a normal CDR definition used in the technical field such as Kabat, Chothia, AbM, contact (contact) can be used.
- Kabat's definition is based on sequence variation and is the most commonly used (for example, Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, .MD. (See 1991).
- Chothia is also determined in consideration of the position of the structural loop (see, for example, Chothia and Lesk J. Mol. Biol. 196: 901-917 (1987)).
- AbM is an intermediate definition of Kabat and Chothia structural loops and is used by the Oxford Molecular AbM antibody modeling software. Contact is based on analysis of the complex crystal structure. The definition of each of these CDRs is shown below.
- the CDR may include at least one “extended CDR” of: V L 24-36 or 24-34 (CDRL1), 46-56 or 50-56 (CDRL2), 89-97 or 89-96 (CDRL3), V H 26-35 (CDRH1), 50-65 or 49-65 (CDRH2), 93-102, 94-102 or 95-102 (CDRH3)
- the numbering of amino acid residues in a light chain variable region or heavy chain variable region of an antibody includes the “Kabat numbering system” (variable region residue numbering by Kabat or the amino acids of Kabat. Place numbering).
- the amino acid sequence may include additional amino acids that correspond to insertions within the FR or CDR of the variable region.
- the heavy chain variable region may include amino acid insertions after heavy chain FR residue 82 (such as residues 82a, 82b and 82c) and after residue 52 of CDRH2 (residue 52a).
- the Kabat number of the residue can be determined by aligning with the homologous region of the antibody sequence by a standard Kabat numbering sequence.
- other numbering known to those skilled in the art such as numbering by Chothia, can also be used if specified otherwise.
- EU numbering system or “EU index” is generally used to refer to an immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region.
- Kabat EU numbering or “Kabat EU index” is a combination of the above-described Kabat numbering and EU numbering, and is widely used for human IgG1 numbering and the like. In the present specification, unless otherwise specified, the numbering of amino acid residues in the constant region of an antibody uses the residue numbering by the EU numbering system.
- a “constant region” or “constant domain” is a domain that is present on the carboxy-terminal side of an antibody heavy or light chain and generally has little change and can be involved in localization and cell-cell interaction (effector function).
- the heavy chain constant region is referred to as C H
- the light chain constant region as C L.
- Fc region means the C-terminal region of an antibody heavy chain, generally consisting of a CH2 and CH3 region. Although the boundaries of the heavy chain Fc region can vary, for example, a human IgG heavy chain Fc region generally consists of the amino acid residues of Cys226 or Pro230 up to the carboxyl terminus of the Fc region.
- the antibody Based on the amino acid sequence of the constant region of the heavy chain of the antibody, the antibody has different classes (eg, five classes of IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM, as well as IgG 1 , IgG 2 , IgG 3 , IgG 4 , IgA 1 and subclasses (isotypes) such as IgA 2 ).
- the heavy chain constant regions corresponding to the five classes described above are called ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ , respectively.
- the light chain of a vertebrate species antibody can take either kappa ( ⁇ ) or lambda ( ⁇ ) based on the amino acid sequence of its constant region.
- effector function of an antibody means a biological activity possessed by the Fc region of the antibody, and may vary depending on the antibody isotype.
- antibody effector functions include C1q binding and complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC); Fc receptor binding; antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC); phagocytosis; Neutralization; and activation of immunocompetent cells (eg, B cells).
- the Fc region described above is usually the binding site for neutrophils, macrophages, other immune accessory cells, complement complexes, and receptors of the immune system.
- bacterial proteins eg, protein A, protein G, etc.
- protein A which is a bacterial protein found in the cell wall of S. aureus
- the Fc region can be modified so that it does not bind to bacterial proteins, particularly staphylococcal proteins.
- Such modifications include, for example, amino acid additions, deletions, one or more amino acid substitutions, isotype (subclass) switches, and class switches in the antibody amino acid sequence.
- the antibody also includes a modified antibody that has been modified by any known method. For example, modification of sugar chains (such as WO0061739) and mutation of amino acids in the Fc region (US20050054832A1) can increase the binding with Fc receptors and the like, and can provide a higher therapeutic effect.
- “Monoclonal antibody” refers to an antibody obtained from a substantially homogeneous population of antibodies. Individual antibodies within a population are identical except for mutations that may be present in small amounts (eg, naturally occurring mutations). Monoclonal antibodies can be prepared according to various conventional methods without depending on the preparation method. Such methods include, for example, hybridoma methods, recombinant DNA methods (see, eg, US Pat. No. 4,816,567), phage display technology, and part or all of human immunoglobulin loci or human immunoglobulin sequences. Techniques for generating human or human-like antibodies in animals having the gene encoding
- “Chimeric antibody” refers to an antibody in which the heavy chain and / or the light chain have an amino acid sequence derived from a specific species, and the remaining portion consists of an amino acid sequence derived from another species.
- an antibody in which a variable region derived from an animal antibody such as a rat or mouse antibody is fused with another molecule (for example, a constant region derived from a human antibody) is included.
- a “humanized antibody” is a kind of chimeric antibody, and is an antibody having a variable region altered so that the variable region sequence of the heavy chain and / or the light chain largely matches a known human variable region sequence. Such changes are known in the prior art and are typically made by, but not limited to, mutagenesis or CDR grafting.
- CDR grafting refers to grafting the CDRs of an antibody with the desired specificity into the framework of a human antibody, thereby exchanging most non-human sequences for human sequences.
- the donor antibody variable region sequences are screened against an entire library of known human variable region sequences, and the human sequence closest to the donor sequence is Use as work.
- Another method uses a particular framework derived from the consensus sequence of all human antibodies of a particular subgroup of light or heavy chains. The same framework can be used for several different humanized antibodies.
- the antibody is preferably humanized with retention of affinity for the antigen and / or desired biological properties.
- a process of analyzing the parent antibody sequence and various conceptual humanized products using a three-dimensional model of the parent antibody sequence and the humanized sequence may be performed.
- Humanized antibodies may contain residues that are not found in the recipient antibody (human antibody) or in the donor antibody (mouse antibody). By humanizing mouse monoclonal antibodies, the human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) response is reduced.
- Human antibody refers to an antibody in which the constant and variable regions of both heavy and light chains are all derived from or substantially identical to humans, and / or any of the human antibodies disclosed herein. An antibody produced using such a technique. Human antibodies can be produced by various conventional techniques, and examples include the following methods. For example, human antibodies can be prepared by combining Fv clone variable region sequences selected from human-derived phage display libraries with known human constant region sequences.
- a transgenic animal eg, a mouse; eg, an immunized xenomouse
- Human antibodies can be prepared (see, eg, US Pat. Nos. 6,075,181 and 6,150,584 regarding XENOMOUSE technology).
- homozygous deletion of the antibody heavy chain joining region (JH) gene in germline mutant mice is known not to produce endogenous antibodies, and human germline immunoglobulin genes are transferred to these mice.
- JH antibody heavy chain joining region
- Human antibodies can also be generated by human B cell hybridoma technology (see, eg, Li et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103: 3557-3562 (2006)). . Human myeloma and mouse-human heteromyeloma cell lines for the production of human monoclonal antibodies are described, for example, in Kozbor, J. Immunol. 133, 3001 (1984); Brodeur et al., Monoclonal Antibody Production Techniques and Applications, pp. 51 -63 (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1987); Boerner et al., J. Immunol., 147: 86 (1991).
- gene shuffling can be used to obtain a human antibody from a non-human parent antibody if the human antibody has similar affinity and properties as a non-human parent antibody (eg, a mouse antibody) (epitope Also referred to as imprinting; see, for example, WO 93/06213).
- this technique can also yield human antibodies that have no FR or CDR residues of non-human origin.
- Antibody fragment refers to a portion of an antibody that comprises variable region sequences sufficient to confer antigen binding.
- Such antibody portions include, but are not limited to, Fab, Fab ′, F (ab ′) 2 , Fv, scFv (single chain antibody), diabody.
- These antibody fragments can be prepared according to a conventional method. For example, antibody proteolytic cleavage methods such as papain digestion and pepsin digestion, and the heavy and light chain cDNAs of the antibody are manipulated to produce heavy and light chains.
- Such fragments can be produced by recombinant methods such as producing the chain fragments separately or as part of the same polypeptide.
- Papain treatment of the antibody produces two identical antibody fragments called “Fab” fragments, each of which has a single antigen binding site, the rest reflecting the ability to easily crystallize the “Fc” fragment Named.
- Pepsin treatment of the antibody yields an “F (ab ′) 2 ” fragment that has two antigen binding sites and is capable of cross-linking antigen.
- antibody fragments can be derived by proteolysis (cleavage, digestion) of the antibody. These fragments can also be produced directly by recombinant host cells (eg, E. coli, phage). Alternatively, F (ab ′) 2 fragments can be formed by chemically binding Fab′-SH fragments recovered from host cells.
- the antibody is a single chain Fv fragment (scFv).
- scFv is a species having a ligation site lacking a constant region, and has an advantage of less non-specific binding in vivo.
- the scFv fusion protein may be configured such that a fusion with an effector protein is generated at either the amino or carboxy terminus of the scFv.
- the antibody fragment may also be a “linear antibody” as described, for example, in US Pat. No. 5,641,870. Such linear antibody fragments can be either monospecific or bispecific.
- the “Fv” fragment is the smallest antibody fragment containing a complete antigen binding site.
- a double-chain Fv generally consists of a dimer of one heavy chain and one light chain variable domain.
- one heavy chain and one light chain variable domain are generally covalently linked by a peptide linker.
- the three CDRs of each variable region interact to form an antigen binding site on the dimer surface, and the six CDRs confer antigen binding specificity to the antibody.
- a “Fab” fragment is an antibody fragment comprising the variable region of the heavy and light chains and having the constant region of the light chain and the first constant region (CH1) of the heavy chain.
- Fab ′ fragments differ from Fab fragments by the addition of several residues, including one or more cysteines from the antibody hinge region, to the carboxy terminus of the heavy chain CH1 region.
- Fab′-SH refers to Fab ′ in which a cysteine residue in the constant region carries one free thiol group.
- the “F (ab ′) 2 ” fragment is a pair of Fab ′ fragments having a disulfide bond formed between them by a hinge cysteine.
- a “diabody” refers to an antibody fragment having two antigen-binding sites, and the light chain variable region (V L ) and the heavy chain variable region (V H ) within the same polypeptide chain (V H -V L ). Are combined.
- a short linker capable of pairing two domains on the same chain is used to force the domain to pair with the complementary domain of the other chain, creating two antigen binding sites.
- the diabody may be bispecific. Similarly, triabodies and tetrabodies may be used.
- Multivalent antibody refers to an antibody having three or more antigen binding sites. Multivalent antibodies generally have a dimerization domain (eg, an Fc region or hinge region) and 3 or more (eg, 3 to 8, especially 4) antigen binding sites.
- a “multispecific antibody” is an antibody (including antibody fragments) having binding specificity for at least two different antigens, and particularly an antibody (including antibody fragments) having binding specificity for two different antigens. ) Is referred to as “bispecific antibody”.
- Binding affinity means the overall strength of a non-covalent interaction between a single binding site of a molecule (eg, an antibody) and its binding partner (eg, an antigen). Unless otherwise stated, binding affinity refers to binding affinity that reflects a 1: 1 interaction between members of a binding pair (eg, antibody and antigen). Affinity can be measured by methods known to those skilled in the art. An antibody can be tested for its antigen binding activity by known methods such as ELISA, Western blot, and the like.
- Anti-staphylococcal antibody refers to staphylococcal cells (live or dead), or molecules that constitute or secrete staphylococci (proteins, sugars, sugar chains) , Lipid) or a fragment thereof means an antibody capable of binding with sufficient affinity. These antibodies bind at least 1.5 times, at least 2 times, at least 3 times, at least 5 times, or at least 10 times the signal obtained for non-specific binding (background) by assays such as ELISA. When affinity is obtained, it can be said that it binds specifically. More preferably, these antibodies have 50% or less, 30% or less, or 20% or less of binding to other antigens (other bacteria or other organisms) that impair the effects of the present invention. 10% or less, 5% or less, 2% or less, or 1% or less.
- the antibody of the present invention may be an antibody that cross-links with other antigens as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved.
- the antibody of the present invention may be an antibody that cross-links with other antigens as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved.
- anti-S. Aureus antibodies cross-link not only to antibodies that bind only to S. aureus but also to other staphylococci (eg, S. epidermidis, rot staphylococci, or Staphylococcus haemolyticus
- the antibodies shown may also be included, in some cases their cross-reactivity is preferably used).
- a dissociation constant K d
- ELISA electrospray adsorbent
- radioimmunoassay a radioimmunoassay
- surface plasmon resonance a dissociation constant used as an index of binding strength
- specific epitopes in these antigens can be identified using techniques such as ELISA and Western blot.
- Antibodies also include antibodies conjugated to one or more drugs (especially antimicrobial agents) (such antibodies may be specifically referred to as “antibody drug conjugates” or “ADC”).
- An antibody also includes a detectably labeled antibody conjugated with one or more labeled markers (such as radioisotopes).
- An antibody that is not conjugated to a drug or a radioactive label is particularly called a naked antibody.
- the antibody (Ab) is conjugated to one or more drug moieties (D), eg, 1 to 20 drug moieties per antibody, preferably via a linker (L).
- D drug moieties
- L linker
- Such conjugated antibodies can be produced by means of known organic chemical reactions and reagents.
- the conjugated antibody (Ab-D p or Ab- (LD) p ) is not limited to this, but, for example, (1) the nucleophilic group of the antibody is reacted with a divalent linker reagent. Ab-L is formed via a covalent bond and then reacted with a drug moiety; or (2) a nucleophilic group of the drug moiety is reacted with a divalent linker reagent to form DL via a covalent bond And then reacting with the nucleophilic group of the antibody.
- an “antibacterial substance” is a substance that has a function of suppressing bacterial growth or killing bacteria.
- Antibacterial substances include, but are not limited to, for example, antibiotics, synthetic antibacterial agents, lytic enzymes, and antibacterial peptides.
- antibiotics include penicillin, cefazoline, imipenem, gentamicin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, daptomycin, and vancomycin.
- Examples of the “synthetic antibacterial agent” include levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and linezolid.
- Examples of the “lytic enzyme” include achromopeptidase, rabiase, lysostaphin, lysozyme, and mutanolysin.
- Examples of the “antibacterial peptide” include defensin, cathelicidin, hepacidin, histatin, lactoferrin, and dermicidin.
- Polynucleotide or “nucleic acid” means a polymer of nucleotides of any length, and includes DNA and RNA. Nucleotides include deoxyribonucleotides, ribonucleotides, modified nucleotides (eg, methylated nucleotides) or bases, and / or their analogs. Nucleotides are linked by DNA or RNA polymerase or synthetic reactions. A polynucleotide or nucleic acid may contain modifications (eg, conjugation with a label or protecting group) made after ligation of the nucleotides. “Oligonucleotide” means a short, generally single-stranded polynucleotide. Although not limited thereto, it can generally mean synthetic polynucleotides of less than about 200 nucleotides in length.
- Vector means a nucleic acid molecule capable of transporting another nucleic acid.
- Vectors include plasmids (circular double-stranded DNA to which additional DNA is bound), phage vectors (phage to which additional polynucleotide is bound), virus vectors (virus to which additional polynucleotide is bound), etc. included.
- Certain vectors are capable of autonomous replication in a host cell into which they are introduced (eg, bacterial vectors having a bacterial origin of replication and episomal mammalian vectors). Other vectors integrate into the host cell's genome upon introduction into the host cell and replicate with the host genome (eg, non-episomal mammalian vectors).
- certain vectors may direct the expression of genes to which they are operably linked.
- a vector is called an expression vector or a recombinant expression vector.
- expression vectors useful in recombinant DNA technology often take the form of plasmids.
- Percent (%) amino acid sequence identity as well as “Percent (%) nucleotide sequence identity” refers to any conservative, aligning sequences and introducing gaps as necessary to obtain maximum percent sequence identity. After considering that substitution is not part of sequence identity, the percentage of amino acid residues in which the amino acid residues between two amino acid sequences are the same, and the percentage of bases in which the bases between the two nucleotide sequences are identical. Defined. Alignments for the purpose of measuring% amino acid sequence identity as well as% nucleotide sequence identity can be achieved by various methods within the skill of the art, such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN, or Megalign (DNASTAR) software. This can be achieved by using publicly available computer software.
- a polypeptide or nucleic acid having a certain sequence identity may contain several amino acid / nucleotide variations (changes) relative to the underlying amino acid / nucleotide sequence. Such modification is more desirable as long as it can improve the properties of the target molecule (for example, the binding affinity and / or biological properties of the antibody).
- Amino acid sequence variants of the polypeptide may be prepared by introducing appropriate nucleotide changes into the nucleic acid of the polypeptide, or by peptide synthesis. Such mutations include deletion and / or insertion and / or substitution of residues within the amino acid sequence. Deletions, insertions and substitutions may be combined in any way as long as the target molecule retains the desired characteristics.
- Methods for introducing mutations to a sequence include isolation from natural sources (in the case of naturally occurring amino acid / nucleotide sequence variants), site-directed mutagenesis, PCR mutagenesis, and cassette mutagenesis. However, it is not limited to these.
- the polypeptide may be modified to increase or decrease the degree of glycosylation.
- Glycosylation of polypeptides is typically either N-linked or O-linked.
- N-linked refers to the attachment of a carbohydrate moiety to the side chain of an asparagine residue.
- the tripeptide sequence of asparagine-X-serine and asparagine-X-threonine is a recognition sequence for enzymatic attachment of the sugar chain moiety to the asparagine side chain.
- O-linked glycosylation means that one of the sugars N-acetylgalactosamine, galactose, or xylose is attached to a hydroxy amino acid, most commonly serine or threonine, but to 5-hydroxyproline or 5-hydroxylysine. Sometimes combined.
- Addition or deletion of glycosylation sites to the polypeptide is accomplished by changing the amino acid sequence such that one or more of the above-described tripeptide sequences (of N-linked glycosylation sites) are created or removed. be able to. This change is also made by the addition, deletion or substitution of one or more serine or threonine residues (in the case of O-linked glycosylation sites) to the sequence of the underlying polypeptide. Moreover, what changed the oligosaccharide (sugar chain) couple
- amino acid residues are conservative substitutions, an example of which is shown in Table 2. Such amino acid substitutions can be introduced into the polypeptide and substitutions screened for the desired activity / effect (eg, antigen binding, immunogenicity, ADCC or CDC, etc.). Non-conservative substitution is the replacement of one member of these classifications with another classification, and non-conservative substitutions can be made as long as the desired characteristics are retained.
- the complementarity determining region (CDR) and / or framework amino acid residues of the parent antibody may be altered.
- a method for producing a mutant from a parent antibody is not limited to this, but includes an affinity maturation method (for example, a method using a phage display method). Further, by analyzing the crystal structure of the antigen-antibody complex, candidate mutation points may be determined, and mutants may be prepared.
- Purification means removing impurities so that the molecule of interest is present in the sample at a concentration of at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99% by weight in the sample contained.
- isolated means that the molecule of interest is separated and / or recovered from at least one other similar molecule (polypeptide, nucleic acid, etc.) normally associated with the natural environment. means. Ordinarily, an isolated molecule is prepared through at least one purification step.
- “Mammals” include, but are not limited to, livestock animals (pigs, sheep, goats, horses, cattle (including beef cattle and dairy cattle), buffaloes, camels, etc.), pet animals (cats, dogs, etc.) ), Laboratory animals (rabbits, mice, rats, etc.), primates (humans, etc.) and the like. “Treatment” means the reduction, mitigation or alleviation of an infection that has already occurred, and “prevention” means the protection against future infections. Desirable effects of treatment include amelioration of symptoms, reduction of any direct or indirect pathological consequences of the disease, reduction of the rate of progression of symptom deterioration, recovery or alleviation of the disease state, improvement of prognosis.
- Effective amount means a dose of a drug that can exert a desired effect when administered to a subject, and “therapeutically effective amount” can exhibit a therapeutic effect when administered to a subject.
- a dose of a drug means a “prophylactically effective amount” means a dose of a drug that can exert a preventive effect when administered to a subject.
- the effective amount is the activity of each substance, metabolic stability, duration of action, elimination rate, delivery mode (mode of administration) and administration time, age of the subject to be treated, weight, general health status, gender and daily food and drink, It can vary depending on a variety of factors including the drug combination at the time of administration (drug interaction), the severity of the condition being treated.
- Effective amounts can be routinely determined by one of ordinary skill in the art in view of information known in the art and the present disclosure. Several divided doses can be administered per day (eg, 2-4 divided doses per day) or a single dose can be administered. Administration may be on a daily, weekly or monthly basis. Typically, the prophylactically effective amount is less than the therapeutically effective amount.
- “Pharmaceutically acceptable” means that the biological activity of the active ingredient is not significantly reduced and does not include other ingredients that are not acceptable to the subject being administered. “Sterile” or “sterilized” means preservative or means substantially free of all living microorganisms and their spores.
- One embodiment of the present invention is an anti-staphylococcal antibody having a therapeutic or preventive effect (staphylococcal growth inhibitory action, staphylococcal damaging action) for staphylococcal infections obtained by immunizing deacetylated staphylococci.
- a therapeutic or preventive effect for staphylococcal infections obtained by immunizing deacetylated staphylococci.
- antigens such as capsule components, specific production toxins, specific cell wall-binding proteins, and bacterial cell components as antigens by selection of conventional antigens (epitope).
- the researchers have intensively studied for the purpose of developing new antigens and antibodies, and that antibodies produced using deacetylated staphylococci as antigens exhibit excellent effects in the treatment or prevention of staphylococcal infections.
- staphylococci are not limited thereto, but staphylococcal cells themselves can be used, and more preferably, cell walls or fractions / purified products containing cell walls are used. it can.
- the deacetylation method include, but are not limited to, an enzyme method using a deacetylase, a chemical method using an alkali treatment, and the like. Treatment of staphylococci with aqueous ammonia is preferred for deacetylation under simple and mild conditions. Details of the deacetylation method will be described later.
- the antibody of the present invention can be suitably used for prevention / treatment of staphylococcal infection or detection of staphylococci by binding to staphylococci.
- the antibody of the present invention exhibits a particularly high effect against Staphylococcus aureus among staphylococci.
- the antibody of the present invention can be suitably obtained by using S. aureus as an antigen among staphylococci.
- One aspect of the present invention is an anti-staphylococcal antibody comprising a CDR sequence derived from a ZBIA5H antibody or a ZBIA3H antibody.
- the anti-staphylococcal antibody containing CDR derived from ZBIA5H antibody is referred to as ZBIA5H series antibody
- the anti-staphylococcal antibody containing CDR derived from ZBIA3H antibody is referred to as ZBIA3H series antibody.
- the CDR sequence is a sequence that confers antigen specificity to the antibody
- any antibody containing a CDR sequence derived from ZBIA5H antibody or ZBIA3H antibody may be used as long as the desired sequence derived from ZBIA5H antibody or ZBIA3H antibody is used, even if other sequences are different. It is thought that biological characteristics can be exhibited.
- a CDR derived from a ZBIA5H antibody or a ZBIA3H antibody refers to a CDR having an amino acid sequence having 90% or more, 95% or more, 98% or more, or 100% amino acid sequence identity with the CDR sequence of each antibody. Preferably, it has the same CDR as the ZBIA5H antibody or ZBIA3H antibody.
- the CDRs of the variable region are retained in the structure by the frame region and contribute to the formation of antibody epitopes together with CDRs from other chains, but these amino acid sequences can be changed by known methods. CDRs having a certain range of amino acid sequence identity are likely to have functionally equivalent antibody properties.
- the CDR may be a CDR based on any known definition as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, but a CDR defined by any one of Kabat, Chothia, AbM or contact is preferably used. Preferably, CDRs defined by Kabat are used.
- the heavy chain variable region has an amino acid sequence identity of 90% or more with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3, or the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NOs: 9, 10, and 11. , 95% or more, 98% or more or 100% of the amino acid sequence is included, and the light chain variable region is shown in SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6 or SEQ ID NOs: 12, 13, and 14.
- An anti-staphylococcal antibody comprising a CDR comprising an amino acid sequence having an amino acid sequence identity of 90% or more, 95% or more, 98% or more, or 100%.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 is ZBIA5H antibody heavy chain CDR1
- SEQ ID NO: 2 is ZBIA5H antibody heavy chain CDR2
- SEQ ID NO: 3 is ZBIA5H antibody heavy chain CDR3
- SEQ ID NO: 4 is ZBIA5H antibody light chain CDR1
- SEQ ID NO: 5 represents ZBIA5H antibody light chain CDR2
- SEQ ID NO: 6 represents ZBIA5H antibody light chain CDR3.
- SEQ ID NO: 9 is ZBIA3H antibody heavy chain CDR1
- SEQ ID NO: 10 is ZBIA3H antibody heavy chain CDR2
- SEQ ID NO: 11 is ZBIA3H antibody heavy chain CDR3
- SEQ ID NO: 12 is ZBIA3H antibody light chain CDR1
- SEQ ID NO: 13 Represents ZBIA3H antibody light chain CDR2
- SEQ ID NO: 14 represents ZBIA3H antibody light chain CDR3.
- Each of the above sequences is a CDR sequence as defined by Kabat.
- ZBIA5H series antibodies include CDRH1, 2, and 3, respectively, in which the heavy chain variable region includes the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3, and the light chain And anti-staphylococcal antibodies comprising CDRL1, 2 and 3 wherein the variable regions comprise the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5 and 6, respectively.
- CDRH1, 2, and 3 in which the heavy chain variable region includes the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 9, 10, and 11, respectively.
- Anti-staphylococcal antibodies comprising CDRL1, 2 and 3, wherein the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 12, 13, and 14, respectively.
- a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence having an amino acid sequence identity of 90% or more, 95% or more, 98% or more, or 100% with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7
- a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8 and an amino acid sequence having an amino acid sequence identity of 90% or more, 95% or more, 98% or more, or 100%.
- a heavy chain variable comprising an amino acid sequence having an amino acid sequence identity of 90% or more, 95% or more, 98% or more, or 100% with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 15
- An anti-staphylococcal antibody comprising a region and a light chain variable region comprising 90% or more, 95% or more, 98% or more, or 100% amino acid sequence identity with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 16 .
- SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 8 are the heavy chain and light chain variable region sequences of the ZBIA5H antibody, respectively
- SEQ ID NOs: 15 and 16 are the heavy chain and light chain variable region sequences of the ZBIA3H antibody, respectively.
- the therapeutic or prophylactic effect of the antibody can be exhibited more reliably.
- antibodies produced by hybridomas deposited under accession number: NITE BP-1367 or accession number: NITE BP-1366 (referred to as ZBIA5H antibody or ZBIA3H antibody, respectively).
- the antibody of any one of the above embodiments is an antibody derived from an antibody obtained using deacetylated staphylococci as an antigen.
- the antibody may be any form of antibody as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- These antibodies also preferably have a therapeutic or prophylactic effect for staphylococcal infections, and more preferably have a therapeutic or prophylactic effect for drug-resistant staphylococcal infections.
- the ZBIA5H antibody can be used in combination with other anti-staphylococcal antibodies (for example, the ZBIA3H antibody) to provide a therapeutic or preventive effect for staphylococcal infections that is even better than each single administration.
- the above anti-staphylococcal antibody binds to S. aureus and can also bind to S. epidermidis, rot staphylococci, or Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Due to this cross-reactivity, not only Staphylococcus aureus but also other staphylococci can be suitably used for prevention, treatment, detection and the like. In particular, it is preferable to exhibit cross-reactivity with Staphylococcus epidermidis which is an important staphylococcus from a clinical viewpoint.
- a further aspect of the present invention is the antibody according to any one of the above aspects which is an antibody fragment, or an antibody fragment derived from the antibody according to any one of the above aspects.
- the antibody fragment may be any of the antibody fragments described above as long as the effects of the invention are not impaired.
- the antibody fragment is Fab or F (ab ′) 2 .
- a further aspect of the present invention is a chimeric antibody, humanized antibody or human antibody of any one of the above aspects, or a chimeric antibody, humanized antibody or human antibody derived from the antibody of any of the above aspects.
- the chimeric antibody, humanized antibody or human antibody may be any of the chimeric antibody, humanized antibody or human antibody described above as long as the effects of the invention are not impaired.
- a further aspect of the invention is any of the above antibodies conjugated to an antimicrobial substance.
- the antibacterial substance may be any of the antibacterial substances described above as long as the effects of the invention are not impaired.
- the antimicrobial substance is an antibiotic, a synthetic antimicrobial, a lytic enzyme or an antimicrobial peptide. Conjugation with antibacterial substances further enhances the antibacterial action of antibacterial substances by reducing the concentration of effective antibacterial substances to bacteria, reducing side effects, and enhancing the antibacterial action in conjunction with antibody effector actions. Can play.
- the antibiotic is vancomycin.
- side effects such as nephrotoxicity are reduced, and it can be effective against vancomycin-resistant bacteria.
- the synthetic antibacterial agent is linezolid.
- side effects such as cytopenia are reduced, and it can be effective against linezolid-resistant bacteria.
- the lytic enzyme is lysostaphin.
- effects such as reduction of antigenicity, improvement of pharmacokinetics, enhancement of bactericidal action, and reduction of administration dose can be exhibited.
- the antimicrobial peptide is cathelicidin. In that case, the effect of enhancing the antibacterial action and reducing the dose of administration can be exhibited.
- One aspect of the present invention is to produce an anti-staphylococcal antibody having an effect of treating or preventing staphylococcal infection, comprising immunizing a mammal with deacetylated staphylococci and obtaining antibody-producing cells from the mammal.
- Method or screening method According to this method, various antigenicities can be imparted by deacetylation, and novel and various types of antibodies can be produced.
- Histone can be mentioned as an example in which a change in charge due to acetylation or deacetylation changes the three-dimensional structure or interaction of a substance. Histones are usually positively charged and can bind electrostatically to negatively charged DNA. However, when acetylated by histone acetyltransferase, histones are no longer charged and binding to DNA is weakened. Deacetylation by histone deacetylase makes it easy to bind to DNA by positively charging histones again.
- Staphylococci also contain various acetyl group-containing substances. Surprisingly, their deacetylation makes it possible to obtain unprecedented epitopes and add diversity to antigens. be able to. Therefore, the method described in the present application is also suitable as a screening system for obtaining various novel antibodies.
- the means for deacetylation is not limited as long as deacetylation is achieved, and examples thereof include enzyme treatment and alkali treatment. Furthermore, means for deacetylating the cell wall N-acetylmuramic acid O-acetyl group of staphylococci is preferred.
- Deacetylation using aqueous ammonia is deacetylation using aqueous ammonia.
- Deacetylation with aqueous ammonia can be performed, for example, by suspending staphylococci in aqueous ammonia and stirring them.
- concentration of aqueous ammonia is preferably 5 to 30% in view of the balance between deacetylation and non-specific denaturation action, and more preferably 10 to 15% in view of the balance between deacetylation reaction rate and non-specific denaturation action.
- the treatment temperature is preferably 4 to 50 ° C. from the standpoint of deacetylation and non-specific denaturation action, and more preferably 30 to 40 ° C. from the standpoint of deacetylation reaction rate and non-specific denaturation action.
- the treatment time is preferably 6 to 48 hours from the balance between deacetylation and non-specific denaturing action, and more preferably 12 to 24 hours from the balance between deacetylation reaction rate and non-specific denaturing action. Furthermore, it is preferable to perform stirring in the ammonia water treatment.
- any part may be used as staphylococci, and the microbial cells themselves may be used, but preferably crushed staphylococci are used, and more preferably, a fraction containing a large amount of cell walls is used. Used.
- a step of washing the disrupted staphylococci with a surfactant (Triton-X100), distilled water or the like may be included.
- the cell wall is a structure that exists outside a cell membrane (a biological membrane that separates the inside and outside of a cell) of a plant (Plantae), a fungus (Fungi), an archaebacteria (Archaea), or an eubacteria (Bacteria) excluding mycoplasma and surrounds cells.
- the cell wall of eubacteria is mainly composed of peptidoglycan, and the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria including staphylococci is composed of peptidoglycan, cell wall teichoic acid, cell wall binding protein and the like.
- a chemically synthesized component having antigenicity may be used as the cell wall.
- any one having an antigenic form and containing a target cell wall may be used, but preferably a fraction purified so as to contain a cell wall as a main component can be used.
- the method of purifying the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria varies depending on the type and purity of the cell wall constituents to be obtained by purification, and the degree of acceptable denaturation, and is not limited thereto.
- 1) Glass bead blender Or sonication etc. to physically disrupt bacteria and obtain cell wall fraction by centrifugation etc. e.g. WilliamWWiley Navarre, reHung Ton-That, Kym F. Faull, and Olaf Schneewind. 1998.
- Anchor structure of staphylococcal surface proteins II e.g. WilliamWWiley Navarre, reHung Ton-That, Kym F. Faull, and Olaf Schneewind.
- COOH-terminal structure of muramidase and amidase-solubilized surface protein COOH-terminal structure of muramidase and amidase-solubilized surface protein. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 29135-29142), or 2) chemically decompose bacteria with boiling, acid, enzyme, etc. Examples thereof include a method for obtaining a cell wall constituent material by a centrifugal separation method, a filtration method or the like (Neochemistry Laboratory, 17 Microbiological Experiment Method, edited by the Japanese Biochemical Society, Tokyo Chemical Dojin 1992), and the like.
- Staphylococcus aureus is preferably used as the staphylococcus, and as the Staphylococcus aureus, for example, a community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus MW2 strain generally regarded as a highly toxic strain is used. Preferably used.
- the production method and screening method of any of the above aspects are not limited to this, but may further include one or more of the steps and embodiments described in detail below.
- the obtained antigen is administered to a mammal for immunization.
- the antigen may be used in admixture with an adjuvant.
- an adjuvant As the mammal, a mouse is preferably used, and a BALB / c mouse is more preferably used. Immunization may be performed once or multiple times against the same mammal.
- Screening A hybridoma is prepared from spleen cells by a conventional method, and screening is performed using the desired activity such as antibody titer as an index.
- pre-screening may be performed on the immunized mammalian unit using serum activity such as serum antibody titer as an index.
- the screening is preferably performed using ELISA, more preferably using Staphylococcal Cell-ELISA.
- the hybridoma selected in the screening is administered to the abdominal cavity of the mouse to produce ascites, and the antibody-containing ascites is collected and purified to obtain an anti-staphylococcal antibody.
- a SCID mouse is used as the mouse.
- affinity chromatography such as protein G affinity chromatography.
- Recombinant production With respect to the antibody obtained by screening, a recombinant can be produced in other cells by obtaining cDNA from the hybridoma producing the antibody. include. Details of a method for producing a recombinant in other cells using the obtained cDNA will be described later.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a nucleic acid encoding the antibody of any of the above embodiments.
- the nucleic acid is preferably DNA.
- the nucleic acid of any of the above aspects can be isolated and sequenced by conventional methods. Without being limited thereto, for example, sequencing can be performed using oligonucleotide primers designed to specifically amplify heavy chains and / or light chains. Isolated nucleic acids can also be introduced into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells for cloning and expression.
- an aspect of the present invention is a vector containing the nucleic acid of any of the above aspects.
- this vector can be obtained by inserting the isolated nucleic acid of any of the above embodiments into a vector by a conventional method.
- the vector is preferably a replicable vector, more preferably a vector having an operably linked promoter (expression vector).
- a vector generally includes, but is not limited to, one or more components of a signal sequence, an origin of replication, one or more selection genes, a promoter, an enhancer element, and a transcription termination sequence.
- Suitable host cells can include prokaryotes, yeast, or higher eukaryote cells.
- Suitable prokaryotes include, but are not limited to, eubacteria (eg, gram negative or gram positive bacteria).
- Eukaryotic microorganisms such as filamentous fungi or yeast can also be suitably used for polypeptide expression.
- examples of invertebrate cells include plant and insect cells.
- vertebrate cells are generally used as host cells.
- useful mammalian host cell lines include monkey kidney CV1 strain (COS-7, ATCC CRL1651) transformed by SV40. ); Human embryonic kidney line (HEK293 or HEK293 cells subcloned for growth in suspension culture); hamster infant kidney cells (BHK, ATCC CCL10); mouse Sertoli cells (TM4); monkey kidney cells (CV1, ATCC CCL70); African green monkey kidney cells (VERO-76, ATCC CRL-1587); human cervical cancer cells (HELA, ATCC CCL2); canine kidney cells (MDCK, ATCC CCL34); BRL3A, ATCC CRL1442); human lung (W138, ATCC CCL75); human liver cells (Hep G2, HB8065); mouse mammary tumor cells (MMT060562, ATCC CCL51); TRI cells; MRC5 cells; FS4 cells; and a human Kangankabu (HepG2) are included.
- Other useful mammalian host cell lines
- An embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing an antibody according to any one of the above aspects, comprising culturing the host cell according to any one of the above aspects under conditions in which the nucleic acid expresses the antibody.
- a host cell that does not normally produce antibodies eg, E. coli cells, monkey COS cells, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, or myeloma cells
- a promoter is induced
- an antibody encoded by the nucleic acid can be produced.
- the antibody can be produced, for example, by separating and purifying the antibody from the host cell paste into a soluble fraction (eg, using a protein A or G column depending on the isotype).
- Host cells can be cultured in various media.
- commercially available media for example, HamF10 (Sigma), MEM (Sigma), RPMI-1640 (Sigma) and DMEM (Sigma) are suitable for culturing host cells.
- These media include hormones and / or other growth factors (eg, insulin, transferrin, epidermal growth factor), salts (eg, sodium chloride, calcium, magnesium, phosphate), buffers (eg, HEPES), nucleotides (eg, Adenosine, thymidine), antibiotics (eg, GENTAMYCIN), trace elements (such as inorganic compounds that are usually present in the micromolar range) and glucose or an equivalent energy source can be supplemented as needed.
- Other necessary supplements may also be included at appropriate concentrations that would be known to those skilled in the art.
- Suitable culture conditions such as temperature, pH, etc. will be apparent to those skilled in the art for each host cell and are within the scope of simple condition considerations.
- the antibody When using recombinant techniques, the antibody can be produced intracellularly, in the periplasmic space, or directly secreted into the medium.
- unnecessary substances cell debris and the like
- the cell paste is cold thawed in the presence of sodium acetate (pH 3.5), EDTA, and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) for about 30 minutes. Cell debris can be removed by centrifugation.
- the supernatant from such an expression system is typically concentrated using a protein concentration filter (eg, Amicon or Pellicon ultrafiltration filter).
- a protein concentration filter eg, Amicon or Pellicon ultrafiltration filter.
- Proteolysis may be inhibited by including a protease inhibitor such as PMSF in any of the above steps, and the growth of exogenous pollutants may be prevented by using antibiotics.
- Antibody compositions prepared from cells can be purified using, for example, hydroxyapatite chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, gel electrophoresis, dialysis, and affinity chromatography, with affinity chromatography typically being preferred. It is a purification process.
- the suitability of protein A / G as an affinity ligand depends on the species and isotype of the immunoglobulin Fc region present in the antibody. Protein A can be used to purify antibodies based on human ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, or ⁇ 4 heavy chains. Protein G can be suitably used for all mouse ⁇ heavy chains including all mouse isotypes and human ⁇ 3.
- the matrix to which the affinity ligand is bound is most often agarose, but other materials can be used.
- Mechanically stable matrices such as controlled pore glass and poly (styrenedivinyl) benzene allow for faster flow rates and shorter processing times than can be achieved with agarose.
- Bakerbond ABX resin JT Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ
- Fractionation on ion exchange column, ethanol precipitation, reverse phase HPLC, chromatography on silica, chromatography on heparin, SEPHAROSE chromatography (polyaspartic acid column) on anion or cation exchange resin, chromatofocusing, SDS- PAGE and ammonium sulfate precipitation methods are also available depending on the antibody recovered.
- the mixture containing the antibody of interest and contaminants can be added to, for example, a pH of about 2.5-4.5, preferably a low salt concentration (eg, about 0-0.25M salt). And low pH hydrophobic interaction chromatography using an elution buffer.
- compositions comprising the antibody of any of the above embodiments.
- a further aspect of the invention is a composition comprising a ZBIA5H series antibody and other anti-staphylococcal antibodies.
- Other anti-staphylococcal antibodies are preferably ZBIA3H series antibodies. Since the ZBIA5H series antibody can be used in combination with other anti-staphylococcal antibodies (for example, the ZBIA3H series antibody), the treatment or prevention effect of staphylococcal infections can be further improved as compared with the respective single administration.
- the composition of the embodiment is particularly effective.
- the composition of any one of the above embodiments is preferably a pharmaceutical composition (or medicine), more preferably a pharmaceutical composition (or medicine) for treating or preventing staphylococcal infection.
- the composition also preferably includes a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- the composition may be in the form of a preparation, and may further be a combination / formulation when it contains two or more active ingredients.
- the composition according to any one of the above embodiments may be in a lyophilized form or a solution form as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, but is preferably provided in a lyophilized form.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous carrier for example, sterile water for injection or sterile physiological saline
- the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier may be a sterilized / sterile liquid such as water, oil (including petroleum, animal oil, vegetable oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil, etc.). Saline solutions (especially physiological saline), aqueous dextrose, and glycerol solutions can also be used as liquid carriers, particularly liquid carriers for injectable solutions.
- oil including petroleum, animal oil, vegetable oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil, etc.
- Saline solutions especially physiological saline
- aqueous dextrose, and glycerol solutions can also be used as liquid carriers, particularly liquid carriers for injectable solutions.
- suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers see Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th edition.
- compositions according to any of the above embodiments may contain various delivery vehicles and / or carriers.
- Such media may be stored and administered (including but not limited to application to skin, wounds, eyes, lungs, nasal mucosa or gastrointestinal mucosa), or inhalation or insufflation into the nostrils
- Carriers include, but are not limited to, natural polymers, semi-synthetic polymers, synthetic polymers, liposomes, or semi-solid dosage forms.
- Natural polymers include, for example, proteins and polysaccharides.
- Semi-synthetic polymers are modified natural polymers such as chitosan (deacetylated form of natural polysaccharide), chitin.
- Examples of the synthetic polymer include polyphosphoester, polyethylene glycol, polylactic acid, polystyrene sulfonate, and polylactide coglycolide.
- Semi-solid dosage forms include, for example, dendrimers, creams, ointments, gels and lotions. These carriers can also be used to microencapsulate the composition or can be covalently linked to an active ingredient (eg, an antibody).
- composition of any one of the above aspects may be a composition for use in the use described later (for example, therapeutic use and / or prophylactic use of staphylococcal infection).
- composition of any of the above aspects may be a corresponding medicament.
- the antibody of any one of the above aspects is used in combination with another drug described above or below or an anti-staphylococcal antibody, the combination of these two drugs in the body (in situ) also forms a composition, It is contained in the composition of any of the above embodiments.
- compositions comprising (a) a container; (b) a package insert and / or a label on said container; and (c) an antibody of any of the above aspects contained in the container or A product comprising the composition of any of the above aspects and indicating that the package insert and / or at least one of the labels on the container can be used for the treatment or prevention of staphylococcal infections. .
- Suitable containers include, for example, bottles, vials, syringes and the like.
- the container can be formed from a variety of materials, such as glass or plastic.
- the container contains the composition and may have a sterile access port (eg, the container may be a vial or a intravenous solution bag with a stopper through which a hypodermic needle can penetrate).
- the package insert and / or label indicates that the composition can be used for the treatment or prevention of a staphylococcal infection.
- the manufactured article comprises: (a) a first container containing the composition therein; and (b) a further composition (other composition contained in any of the above forms, or any of the above forms).
- the article of manufacture may be a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer (such as, but not limited to, sterile distilled water for injection, sterile saline, phosphate buffered saline, Ringer's solution or A second or third container containing a dextrose solution or the like may further be included. It may further include other configurations desirable from a commercial and user standpoint, including, but not limited to, other buffers, diluents, filters, needles, and / or syringes.
- buffers such as, but not limited to, sterile distilled water for injection, sterile saline, phosphate buffered saline, Ringer's solution or A second or third container containing a dextrose solution or the like may further be included. It may further include other configurations desirable from a commercial and user standpoint, including, but not limited to, other buffers, diluents, filters, needles, and / or syringes.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for treating or preventing staphylococcal infection, comprising administering the antibody or composition of any of the above aspects to a subject to be treated or prevented.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a medicament for treating or preventing staphylococcal infection, comprising the antibody or composition of any of the above aspects.
- Another aspect of the present invention is the use of the antibody or composition of any of the above aspects in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing staphylococcal infection.
- Another aspect of the present invention is the antibody or composition according to any one of the above aspects for use in the treatment or prevention of a staphylococcal infection. For the sake of simplicity, these embodiments are hereinafter collectively referred to as pharmaceutical use embodiments.
- a therapeutic or preventive effect for staphylococcal infection can be obtained.
- the subject to be treated or prevented is not particularly limited, but is preferably a mammal, more preferably a human. Also, the subject to be treated is preferably a subject that is infected or suspected of being infected with staphylococci.
- the target staphylococcal infection is not particularly limited, including those mentioned above, but preferably bacteremia, sepsis, pneumonia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, arthritis, meningitis, enteritis, suppuration
- the therapeutic or prophylactic effect can be given to sexual skin disease, urinary tract infection and medical device / implant related infection, more preferably bacteremia, sepsis and pneumonia.
- the target staphylococcal species are not particularly limited, including those mentioned above, but include Staphylococcus aureus, rot staphylococci, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and a particularly suitable target is Staphylococcus aureus.
- the target Staphylococcus aureus strain is not particularly limited, including those described above, but preferably USA100 strain, USA300 strain, COL strain, HIP5827 strain, N315 strain, MW2 strain and VRS1 strain, more preferably MW2 A therapeutic or prophylactic effect can be mentioned with respect to a strain and VRS1 strain.
- the said pharmaceutical use aspect can show an effect preferably with respect to a drug resistant staphylococci.
- vancomycin careful administration for renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis
- methicillin-resistant staphylococci because the pharmaceutical use aspect of the present invention can be effective. Therefore, it is expected as an alternative medicine.
- a therapeutic or prophylactic effect can be exerted against vancomycin-resistant staphylococci.
- staphylococci are resident bacteria, it is difficult to immunize.
- the target patient is immunodeficient (the patient with staphylococcal infection is not immune deficient) There was an improvement such as not being immunized.
- the above-mentioned pharmaceutical use mode is improved in these respects, and may be more useful than conventional vaccines in at least one aspect.
- a further aspect of the present invention is the pharmaceutical use aspect of the above aspect, wherein the ZBIA5H series antibody is used in combination with other anti-staphylococcal antibodies.
- other anti-staphylococcal antibodies include, but are not limited to, ZBIA3H series antibodies and analogs thereof.
- the ZBIA5H series antibody can exhibit further superior effects when used in combination with other anti-staphylococcal antibodies (particularly the ZBIA3H series antibody or an analog thereof) as compared to single use.
- the combination may be simultaneous administration of two antibodies, or may be before or after administration of any antibody, and two or more antibodies may be provided in any form of the same preparation or separate preparations.
- the active ingredient that can be used in combination with the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment (another anti-staphylococcal antibody), for example, other drugs such as antibacterial substances (for example, vancomycin, teicoplanin, arbekacin, linezolid, Daptomycin, imipenem, norfloxacin, gentamicin, etc.) or an adjuvant.
- other drugs such as antibacterial substances (for example, vancomycin, teicoplanin, arbekacin, linezolid, Daptomycin, imipenem, norfloxacin, gentamicin, etc.) or an adjuvant.
- the administration route is not limited as long as the effect of the invention is not impaired.
- Administration can be by injection or by intranasal, dermal, intradermal, intravaginal, oral, or other effective methods of administration. It may also be administered locally, for example by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection into a specific infected area. Furthermore, it may be administered directly to the patient by swab application, immersion, immersion, or wiping.
- indwelling catheters such as indwelling catheters, heart valves, cerebrospinal fluid shunts, joint prostheses, and other implants, or other devices or devices that are at risk of being infected by gram-positive bacteria. be able to.
- the drug of the present invention is prepared and administered in divided doses.
- Factors to be considered in administration include the disease to be treated, the drug to be administered (antibody), the clinical condition (severity and course, etc.) of the administration subject, the responsiveness to the administration agent, the medical history of the administration subject, The cause of the disease, the site of drug delivery, the method of administration, the schedule of administration, whether it is prevention or treatment, the judgment of the doctor in charge and other factors, etc. are mentioned.
- medical agent may be influenced by said each factor. In general, but not limited to, the same dose and route of administration as described below, or any dose and route of administration deemed empirically / clinically appropriate.
- the pharmaceutical use mode is implemented.
- Appropriate dosing schedules can be determined based on known technical knowledge, information provided herein, and experience with the individual subject being treated.
- an active ingredient such as an antibody
- an initial candidate dose of about 1 mg / kg to 1,000 mg / kg of antibody administered to a patient for example by one or two to three or more divided doses or continuous infusions It can be.
- the daily dose of 60-60,000 mg may be once or twice It can be administered in 3 or more divided doses.
- One typical daily dose is about 100 mg to 5,000 mg, further depending on the above factors.
- repeated administration over several days usually lasts until suppression of the desired disease symptoms is obtained.
- Such doses may be administered intermittently, for example every 3 days or every week or every 3 weeks.
- One or more lower doses may be administered after the initial higher loading dose.
- the daily dose is 10 mg to 5,000 mg, depending on the patient's symptoms. It can be administered once or divided into 2 to 3 times or more. Although typical administration examples are shown above, the present invention is not limited thereto. The progress of these treatments can be easily monitored by ordinary diagnosis, assay, or the like.
- an antibody or the like within the above dose range can be suitably used.
- a combination preparation mixture, combination drug
- an antibody or the like within the above-mentioned dose range and another pharmaceutically active drug within the approved dose range are used. If a combination formulation is not appropriate, the antibody or the like may be used sequentially with other pharmaceutically active agents within the approved dosage range.
- the agents of the present invention can also be used for surgical treatment of the lesion (replacement of artificial valves, removal of catheters, joint space, etc.) as necessary. May be used in combination with incision and drainage.
- S. aureus which is clinically important staphylococci
- Staphylococcus aureus which is clinically important staphylococci
- the present invention can exert its excellent effects more reliably.
- the ZBIA9H (series) antibody may be used instead of the ZBIA3H (series) antibody or in combination with the ZBIA3H (series) antibody.
- the ZBIA9H series antibody preferably comprises the same CDR as the ZBIA9H antibody.
- ZBIA9H (series) antibodies instead of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 in ZBIA3H (series) antibodies, SEQ ID NOs: 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23 and 24 are used.
- the above-described embodiment has been described mainly on the use of pharmaceuticals as a staphylococcal infection treatment / prevention agent, but the present invention is not particularly limited to this.
- the present invention has a wide range of uses such as diagnosis of staphylococcal infection, detection of staphylococci, food poisoning prevention by staphylococci, animal drugs, research reagents, etc. Are intended and are not intended to exclude their use.
- Example 1 Preparation of monoclonal antibody against staphylococci
- S. aureus MW2 strain was cultured until late logarithmic growth in Tryptic Soy Broth (BD, hereinafter TSB), centrifuged and then disrupted with a glass bead blender. After washing with Triton-X100 and distilled water, it was collected by centrifugation to obtain a purified cell wall.
- TSB Tryptic Soy Broth
- the N-acetylmuramic acid O-acetyl group is deacetylated by suspending in 12.5% aqueous ammonia and stirring at 37 ° C. for 16 hours. Treatment was performed (deacetylated cell wall purified product: immunizing antigen).
- Immunity Emulsions were prepared by mixing with immunizing antigen 2 mg / mL, 20 mg / mL and 200 mg / mL in the same amount of Freund's complete adjuvant (hereinafter referred to as FCA) or Freund's incomplete adjuvant (hereinafter referred to as FIA), and this was used as an immunogen.
- FCA Freund's complete adjuvant
- FIA Freund's incomplete adjuvant
- the antibody titer increased with each additional immunization, and a high antibody titer was obtained in individuals with a large amount of antigen administered (20 mg antigen administration group) (FIG. 1, 20 mg-1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
- the individual 20 mg-2 was intravenously administered with 5 mg of antigen as the final immunization.
- Staphylococcus aureus-immobilized Cell-ELISA in which living cells are immobilized. went.
- the protein A knockout OS2 strain that was statically cultured in TSB at 30 ° C. for 16 hours was collected by centrifugation, washed three times with Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline ( ⁇ ) (hereinafter PBS), and the concentration was adjusted to about A 600 0.1. It was adjusted.
- the positive control specific antibody in this ELISA system using anti-staphylococcal mouse monoclonal antibody (isotype: IgG3, QED, Bioscience) as the positive control primary antibody and mouse IgG (Chemicon) as the negative control and normal mouse serum was detectable in the concentration range of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ g / mL.
- the bound antibody was eluted with 0.1 M glycine-containing physiological saline (pH 2.7), and the purified purified antibody solution was immediately neutralized. Then, this purified antibody solution was subjected to buffer exchange and concentration with PBS using a centrifugal ultrafiltration unit (Centricon Plus 20 PL-100, Nippon Millipore Co., Ltd.), filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ m filter, and A 280 A purified antibody solution having a concentration of 5 mg / mL was prepared and stored frozen at ⁇ 70 ° C.
- Binding affinity between monoclonal antibody and staphylococci The binding affinity between anti-staphylococcal antibody and staphylococci was examined by ELISA reactivity. When the reactivity of each purified antibody in Staphylococcus aureus-immobilized Cell-ELISA was examined, four groups were recognized from the relationship between the added concentration and reactivity (FIG. 2).
- Example 2 Cross-reactivity of anti-staphylococcal antibody
- an ABTS as a substrate were developed by adding 100 [mu] L / well was measured amount of antibody exhibiting cross-reactivity to S. epidermidis by metering the A 405 with a microplate reader .
- the antibody also showed binding affinity to Staphylococcus epidermidis (FIG. 3).
- Example 3 Effect on community-acquired MRSA mouse sepsis model Female BALB / c mice were administered 7 weeks old abdominal cavity with S. aureus MW2 strain 8 ⁇ 10 8 cells / 0.5 mL PBS and test substance 0.2 mL (PBS, 1 mg anti-staphylococcal antibody, 1 mg mouse IgG) Observed. As a result, the ZBIA5H antibody and the ZBIA3H antibody showed a significant life-prolonging effect on the PBS administration group (Fischer's exact test, FIGS. 4 and 5).
- the coadministration group of 0.5 mg of ZBIA5H antibody and 0.5 mg of ZBIA3H antibody showed a life-prolonging effect superior to that of the administration group of 1 mg of ZBIA5H antibody or 1 mg of ZBIA3H antibody (FIG. 6).
- Example 4 Effect on vancomycin highly resistant MRSA mouse sepsis model
- PBS 1 mg anti-staphylococcal antibody 1 mg mouse IgG, 1 mg vancomycin hydrochloride (VCM)
- VCM vancomycin hydrochloride
- Example 5 Preventive effect on community-acquired MRSA mouse pneumonia model
- Example 3 The Staphylococcus aureus MW2 strain used in the community-infected MRSA mouse sepsis model is known to cause necrotizing pneumonia (Non-patent Document 5). Therefore, in order to clarify the effectiveness of ZBIA5H antibody and ZBIA3H antibody effective in Examples 3 and 4 for pneumonia, a pneumonia prevention experiment was attempted. 0.2 mL of test substance (PBS, 1 mg anti-staphylococcal antibody, 1 mg vancomycin hydrochloride (VCM)) was administered into the tail vein, and 1 hour later, S. aureus MW2 strain 4 ⁇ 10 8 cells / 40 ⁇ L PBS was added to female BALB / c mice.
- test substance PBS, 1 mg anti-staphylococcal antibody, 1 mg vancomycin hydrochloride (VCM)
- Example 6 Therapeutic effect on community-acquired MRSA mouse pneumonia model Since the pneumonia-preventing effect of ZBIA5H and ZBIA3H antibodies was confirmed in Example 5, a treatment experiment was next attempted.
- S. aureus MW2 strain 4 ⁇ 10 8 cells / 40 ⁇ L PBS was intranasally administered to female BALB / c mice at 7 weeks of age, and the lungs were infected with bacteria.
- 0.2 mL of the test substance PBS, 1 mg anti-staphylococcal antibody, 1 mg mouse IgG, 1 mg vancomycin hydrochloride (VCM) was administered into the tail vein.
- Example 7 Antibody variable region cloning ZBIA5H antibody and ZBIA3H antibody variable region genes were obtained by the 5′-RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends) method. First, total RNA was extracted from ZBIA5H antibody and ZBIA3H antibody-producing hybridomas, and cDNA was synthesized with reverse transcriptase (SuperScript II, Invitrogen) using oligo dT primer (Invitrogen).
- dCTP (Takara Bio)
- C tail is added to the 3′-end of cDNA with TdT (Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase, Toyobo or Takara Bio), and this has a sequence complementary to the C tail.
- ZBIA5H antibody and ZBIA3H antibody heavy chain and light chain variable region genes were amplified by PCR using oligo dG primer and mouse ⁇ chain gene specific primer or mouse heavy chain gene specific primer. Each amplification product was subcloned into a p3T vector (Mo Bi Tec), and the base sequence of the transgene was confirmed.
- the variable region amino acid sequences of the heavy and light chains are shown in FIGS.
- Hybridoma Deposits Hybridomas producing the following antibodies were deposited internationally (based on the Budapest Treaty) at the Patent Evaluation Microorganism Depositary Center of the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (2-5-8, Kazusa Kamashichi, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture): Antibody Hybridoma accession number Original deposit date Transfer date to international deposit ZBIA5H NITE BP-1367 May 29, 2012 June 25, 2012 ZBIA3H NITE BP-1366 May 29, 2012 June 25, 2012
- Hybridoma (ZBIA5H): NITE BP-1367
- Hybridoma (ZBIA3H): NITE BP-1366
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Abstract
Description
ブドウ球菌に対する抗菌剤の開発は、β‐ラクタム系のペニシリンより始まった。しかし、ブドウ球菌は遺伝子的に薬剤耐性機構を獲得しやすく、発売数年後には早くも耐性菌が出現した。その後、アミノグリコシド系、マクロライド系、クロラムフェニコール系、テトラサイクリン系、キノロン系、ペネム系などの各抗菌剤が開発されたが、耐性菌を克服することはできなかった。そして、開発後長期に渡って耐性菌が発見されなかったグリコペプチド系抗菌剤バンコマイシンへの耐性菌がついに出現し(非特許文献2)、さらには近年数十年ぶりに新規抗菌剤として開発されたオキサゾリジン系抗菌剤への耐性菌も、発売同年には出現した(非特許文献3)。
こうしたことから、従来の抗菌物質による治療とは異なる新たな治療戦略が強く望まれており、ワクチンや抗体による感染制御が近年研究されている。例えば、ワクチンの例として、黄色ブドウ球菌の莢膜多糖類タイプ5,8、Iron Surface Determinant Bなどが、抗体の例としてClumping factor A、ABCトランスポーター、タイコ酸に対する抗体が挙げられる。
Rebecca A. Brady, Jeff G. Leid, Anne K. Camper, J. William Costerton, and Mark E. Shirtliff (2006) Infect. Immun. 74: 3415-3426 CDC. (2002) MMWR 51: 565-567 Sotirios Tsiodras, Howard S. Gold, George Sakoulas, George M. Eliopoulos, Christine Wennersten, Lata Venkataraman, Robert C. Moellering Jr,and Mary Jane Ferraro (2001) Lancet 358: 207-208 R. Monina Klevens, Melissa A. Morrison, Joelle Nadle, Susan Petit, Ken Gershman, Susan Ray, Lee H. Harrison, Ruth Lynfield, Ghinwa Dumyati, John M. Townes, Allen S. Craig, Elizabeth R. Zell, Gregory E. Fosheim, Linda K. McDougal, Roberta B. Carey, and Scott K. Fridkin (2007) JAMA 298: 1763-1771 CDC. (1999) MMWR 48: 707-710 Adam C. Schaffer and Jean C. Lee (2009) Infect. Dis. Clin. North. Am. 23: 153-171
本発明者らは、これらの課題を解決するために鋭意研究し、細胞表面の物質を脱アセチル化したブドウ球菌を抗原として用いることで新規な抗体を作製することに成功した。さらに、ブドウ球菌感染症モデルに有効な特定の抗体を見出すことにも成功した。
また、本発明によれば、ZBIA5H抗体またはZBIA3H抗体由来の相補性決定領域(CDR)を含む抗ブドウ球菌抗体(ZBIA5H系列抗体またはZBIA3H系列抗体)が提供される。この抗体は、好ましくはZBIA5H抗体またはZBIA3H抗体と同一のCDRを含む。
また、本発明によれば、重鎖可変領域が、配列番号:1、2および3に示されるアミノ酸配列あるいは配列番号:9、10および11に示されるアミノ酸配列をそれぞれ含むCDRH1、2および3を含み、軽鎖可変領域が、配列番号:4、5および6に示されるアミノ酸配列あるいは配列番号:12、13および14に示されるアミノ酸配列をそれぞれ含むCDRL1、2および3を含む抗ブドウ球菌抗体が提供される。
また、本発明によれば、配列番号:7に示されるアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域と、配列番号:8に示されるアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む抗ブドウ球菌抗体(ZBIA5H系列抗体)が提供される。
また、本発明によれば、配列番号:15に示されるアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域と、配列番号:16に示されるアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む抗ブドウ球菌抗体(ZBIA3H系列抗体)が提供される。
また、本発明によれば、受託番号:NITE BP-1367または受託番号:NITE BP-1366で寄託されたハイブリドーマにより産生される抗体が提供される。
これらの抗体は、好ましくは黄色ブドウ球菌と結合することができる。
また、これらの抗体は、好ましくは他のブドウ球菌(例えば、表皮ブドウ球菌、腐性ブドウ球菌、またはStaphylococcus haemolyticusなど)、特に好ましくは表皮ブドウ球菌とも結合することができる。
これらの抗体は、好ましくは、ブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防効果を有し、さらに好ましくは、薬剤耐性ブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防効果を有する。
さらに、本発明によれば、抗ブドウ球菌抗体をコードする核酸、その核酸を含むベクター、並びにそのベクターを含む宿主細胞が提供される。
さらに、本発明によれば、抗ブドウ球菌抗体をコードする核酸がその抗体を発現する条件下で、宿主細胞を培養することを含むその抗体の製造方法が提供される。
さらに、本発明によれば、抗ブドウ球菌抗体を含む、ブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防のための医薬が提供される。
さらに、本発明によれば、治療または予防対象に抗ブドウ球菌抗体または組成物を投与することを含む、ブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防方法が提供される。
さらに、本発明によれば、ブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防のための医薬の製造における、抗ブドウ球菌抗体または組成物の使用が提供される。
さらに、本発明によれば、ブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防に使用するための抗ブドウ球菌抗体または組成物が提供される。
さらに、本発明によれば、(a)容器;(b)パッケージ挿入物および/または容器上のラベル;および(c)前記容器内に収容された抗ブドウ球菌抗体を含む組成物を含んでなり、パッケージ挿入物および/または前記容器上のラベルの少なくとも一つの当該組成物がブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防に使用できることを表示する製造品が提供される。
さらに、本発明によれば、脱アセチル化したブドウ球菌により哺乳動物を免疫し、該哺乳動物から抗体産生細胞を得ることを含む、抗ブドウ球菌抗体の製造方法が提供される。
この方法によれば、ブドウ球菌の脱アセチル化により様々な抗原性を賦与することができ、新規でかつ多種類の抗体を製造することができる。
本明細書中においては、次の用語は以下に示す意味を有し、各用語は、以下に示す各態様を表すものとする。
ブドウ球菌種の中で、臨床上重要な感染起因菌であると共に、本発明の効果が特に高い菌種として、黄色ブドウ球菌を挙げることができる。
「表皮ブドウ球菌」とは、表皮ブドウ球菌種(Staphylococcus epidermidis種)に属するグラム陽性球菌を意味し、「腐性ブドウ球菌」とは、腐性ブドウ球菌種(Staphylococcus saprophyticus種)に属するグラム陽性球菌を意味し、「Staphylococcus haemolyticus」とはStaphylococcus haemolyticus種に属するグラム陽性球菌を意味する。これらのブドウ球菌は、その生化学的特徴あるいは遺伝的特徴などにより、常法に従い、同定・判別することができる。
また、「薬剤耐性黄色ブドウ球菌」には、メチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌(MRSA)並びにバンコマイシン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌(VRSA)が含まれる。メチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌の特定の株としては、これに限定されるものではないが、例えば、MW2株、N315株などが挙げられ、バンコマイシン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌としては、これに限定されるものではないが、例えば、VRS1株などが挙げられる。
黄色ブドウ球菌による感染症には、これに限定されるものではないが、食中毒、皮膚/軟部組織感染症(例えば、ニキビ、伝染性膿痂疹(とびひ)、毛包炎、せつ(furuncle)、よう(carbuncle)、化膿性汗腺炎、乳腺炎、感染性爪囲炎、蜂窩織炎(蜂巣炎)、化膿性筋炎、皮下膿瘍、術後創部感染症)、菌血症、敗血症、心内膜炎、髄膜炎、脳膿瘍、骨髄炎、関節炎、中毒性ショック症候群、ブドウ球菌性熱傷様皮膚症候群、感染症続発性紅皮症、リンパ節炎、眼瞼炎、麦粒腫、非淋菌性細菌性結膜炎、角膜潰瘍、鼻炎、副鼻腔炎、下顎下腔感染症、咽頭上顎膿瘍、化膿性耳下腺炎、肺炎、肺膿瘍、膿胸、横隔膜下膿瘍、腹腔内膿瘍、骨盤膿瘍、後腹膜膿瘍、傍腎膿瘍、内臓膿瘍(脾膿瘍、膵膿瘍、肝膿瘍)、肛門直腸膿瘍、前立腺膿瘍、前立腺炎、尿道炎、膀胱炎、腎盂腎炎 などが挙げられる。
表皮ブドウ球菌による感染症には、これに限定されるものではないが、特にカテーテルや心臓弁などの医療器具使用時の、皮膚/軟部組織感染症(例えば、深在性の化膿症や慢性感染症など)、菌血症、敗血症、心内膜炎、骨髄炎などが挙げられる。
腐性ブドウ球菌による感染症には、これに限定されるものではないが、尿路感染症などが挙げられる。
Staphylococcus haemolyticusによる感染症には、これに限定されるものではないが、尿路感染症などが挙げられる。
上記の感染症の少なくとも一部は、特に、人工医療デバイス・インプラント(例えば、人工弁、人工関節、中心静脈カテーテル、心臓弁など)埋め込み患者、手術患者、がん患者、血液透析患者、未熟児、糖尿病患者、免疫不全患者、高齢者、人工呼吸器使用者などで特に起こり易い。
また、抗体は、発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、何れのクラス(例えば、IgG、IgA、IgM、IgD、IgE)、何れのサブクラスであってもよい。
また、特に抗体がFc領域を含む場合、抗体は糖鎖を含み得る。哺乳動物細胞によって産生される抗体は典型的にはFc領域のCH2ドメインのAsn297へのN結合によって一般に結合した分岐オリゴ糖を含む(例えば、Wright et al., (1997) TIBTECH 15: 26-32を参照のこと)。オリゴ糖は様々な炭水化物、例えばマンノース、N-アセチルグルコサミン(GlcNAc)、ガラクトース、およびシアル酸、並びに二分岐オリゴ糖構造の「ステム部」としてGlcNAcに結合したフコースを含み得る。
VLの24-36または24-34(CDRL1)、46-56または50-56(CDRL2)、89-97または89-96(CDRL3)、VHの26-35(CDRH1)、50-65または49-65(CDRH2)、93-102、94-102または95-102(CDRH3)
また、別段明記する場合には、Chothiaによる番号付け等の、当業者に公知の他の番号付けを用いることもできる。
「Fc領域」とは、一般にCH2ならびにCH3領域からなる、抗体の重鎖のC末端領域を意味する。重鎖のFc領域の境界は変化し得るが、例えば、ヒトIgG重鎖Fc領域は、一般には、Cys226またはPro230のアミノ酸残基からFc領域のカルボキシル末端までからなる。
また、脊椎動物種の抗体の軽鎖は、その定常領域のアミノ酸配列に基づいて、カッパ(κ)およびラムダ(λ)の何れかを取り得る。
また、抗体は、公知の任意の方法によって修飾が行われた修飾抗体も含む。例えば、糖鎖の修飾(WO0061739など)やFc領域のアミノ酸の変異(US20050054832A1)などはFc受容体等との結合を高め、より高い治療効果をもたらすことができる。
「ヒト化抗体」は、キメラ抗体の一種であり、重鎖および/または軽鎖の可変領域配列が既知のヒト可変領域配列と大きく一致するよう変更された可変領域を有する抗体である。このような変更は従来技術で既知であり、これに限定されるものではないが、典型的には突然変異誘発またはCDR移植によってなされる。CDR移植は、所望の特異性を有する抗体のCDRをヒト抗体のフレームワークに移植し、それによって大部分の非ヒト配列をヒト配列と交換することをいう。
ヒト化抗体は、レシピエント抗体(ヒト抗体)にも、ドナー抗体(マウス抗体)にも、見出されない残基を含んでいてもよい。マウスモノクローナル抗体をヒト化することにより、ヒト抗マウス抗体(HAMA)応答が低減される。
ヒト抗体は、様々な従来技術により作製することができるが、例として以下の方法を挙げることができる。
例えば、ヒト由来のファージディスプレイライブラリーから選択したFvクローン可変領域配列を既知のヒト定常領域配列と組み合わせることにより、ヒト抗体を作製することができる。
また、ヒト抗体が、非ヒト親抗体(例えばマウス抗体)と類似した親和性および特性を有している場合、非ヒト親抗体からヒト抗体を得るために遺伝子シャッフリングを使用することもできる(エピトープインプリンティングとも称される;例えば、国際公開第93/06213号を参照のこと)。CDR移植による非ヒト抗体のヒト化と異なり、この技術により、非ヒト起源のFRまたはCDR残基を全く有さないヒト抗体を得ることもできる。
「多重特異性抗体」は、少なくとも2つの異なる抗原に対して結合特異性を有する抗体(抗体断片も含む)であり、特に2つの異なる抗原に対して結合特異性を有する抗体(抗体断片も含む)を、「二重特異性抗体」という。
抗体は、例えばELISA、ウエスタンブロットなどといった公知の方法によって、その抗原結合活性について試験することができる。
これらの抗体は、ELISAなどのアッセイによって、非特異的結合(バックグラウンド)に対して得られるシグナルの少なくとも1.5倍、少なくとも2倍、少なくとも3倍、少なくとも5倍、または少なくとも10倍の結合親和性が得られる場合、特異的に結合するということができる。これらの抗体は、更に好ましくは、本発明の効果を損なわせる他の抗原(他の細菌や他の生物)との結合が、ブドウ球菌との結合の50%以下、30%以下、20%以下、10%以下、5%以下、2%以下、または1%以下である。
結合強度の指標としては、例えば、解離定数(Kd)を用いることができ、結合強度の測定には、ELISA、ラジオイムノアッセイ、表面プラズモン共鳴等、当分野で公知の手法を用いることができる。また、これら抗原中の具体的なエピトープについては、ELISA、ウエスタンブロットといった手法を用い、同定することができる。
このようなコンジュゲート抗体において、抗体(Ab)は、望ましくはリンカー(L)を介して、一または複数の薬剤部分(D)、例えば1抗体につき1から20の薬剤部分にコンジュゲートされる。このようなコンジュゲート抗体は、公知の有機化学反応ならびに試薬を用いる手段によって作製することができる。コンジュゲート抗体(Ab-DpまたはAb-(L-D)p)は、これに限定されるものではないが、例えば、(1)抗体の求核基を二価のリンカー試薬と反応させて共有結合を介してAb-Lを形成した後、薬剤部分と反応させること;あるいは(2)薬剤部分の求核基を二価のリンカー試薬と反応させて共有結合を介してD-Lを形成した後、抗体の求核基と反応させることにより作製してもよい。
「抗生剤」としては、例えばペニシリン、セファゾリン、イミペネム、ゲンタマイシン、テトラサイクリン、クロラムフェニコール、エリスロマイシン、ダプトマイシン、バンコマイシンが挙げられる。
「合成抗菌剤」としては、例えばレボフロキサシン、モキシフロキサシン、リネゾリドが挙げられる。
「溶菌酵素」としては、例えばアクロモペプチダーゼ、ラビアーゼ、リソスタフィン、リゾチーム、ムタノリシンが挙げられる。
「抗菌ペプチド」としては、例えばデフェンシン、カセリシジン、ヘパシジン、ヒスタチン、ラクトフェリン、ダーミシジンが挙げられる。
ある配列に対し、変異を導入する方法としては、天然源からの単離(天然に生じるアミノ酸/ヌクレオチド配列変異体の場合)、部位特異的変異、PCR突然変異誘発、およびカセット変異導入を含むが、これらに限定されない。
また、ポリペプチドに結合したオリゴ糖(糖鎖)が天然体から変更されたものも、あるアミノ酸配列を有するポリペプチドに含まれ得る。
非保存的置換は、これらの分類の一つのメンバーを他の分類に交換することであり、所望の特徴を保持される範囲で、非保存的置換を行うこともできる。
「単離された」とは、対象分子が、自然環境に通常付随している少なくとも一の他の類似分子(ポリペプチド、核酸など)から分離されおよび/または回収されている状態にあることを意味する。通常は、単離された分子は、少なくとも一の精製工程を経て調製される。
「治療」とは、既に起こった感染の減少、緩和または軽減を意味し、「予防」とは、将来的な感染に対する防御を意味する。治療の望ましい効果には、症状の寛解、疾病の任意の直接的または間接的病理的結果の低減、症状悪化の進行速度の低減、疾病状態の回復または緩和、予後の改善が含まれる。
「無菌の」あるいは「滅菌」とは、防腐性であるか、または実質的に全ての生きている微生物およびそれらの胞子を含まないことを意味する。
以下、本発明を実施するための形態を用いて、本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれに限られるものではない。
これらの態様は、単独でも、複数を組み合わせてもよい。また、各態様の定義や詳細については、前述の「用語および態様の説明」も参照のこと。
本明細書で用いられる公知の技術および手順は、当業者には十分に理解されるものであり、常法に従い実施することができる。
本発明のある態様は、脱アセチル化したブドウ球菌を免疫して得られる、ブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防効果(ブドウ球菌増殖阻害作用、ブドウ球菌傷害作用)を有する抗ブドウ球菌抗体である。
従来の抗原(エピトープ)の選択による、莢膜成分、特定の産生毒素、特定の細胞壁結合タンパク質や菌体成分などを抗原とするワクチン・抗体では必ずしも十分な結果が得られていなかったため、本発明者らは新規の抗原ならびに抗体の開発を目的として鋭意検討を重ね、脱アセチル化したブドウ球菌を抗原として作製した抗体が、ブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防において、優れた効果を発揮することを見出して本発明を完成した。
上記態様において、ブドウ球菌としては、これに限定されるものではないが、ブドウ球菌の菌体そのものを用いることができ、より好ましくは、細胞壁あるいは細胞壁を含む画分・精製物等を用いることができる。脱アセチル化の手法としては、これに限定されるものではないが、脱アセチル化酵素を用いた酵素法、アルカリ処理を用いた化学法などが挙げられる。アンモニア水でブドウ球菌を処理することが簡便かつ温和な条件での脱アセチル化のため好ましい。脱アセチル化の手法の詳細については後述する。
本発明の抗体は、ブドウ球菌と結合することにより、ブドウ球菌感染症の予防・治療あるいはブドウ球菌の検出に好適に用いることができる。本発明の抗体は、ブドウ球菌の中でも、黄色ブドウ球菌に対して特に高い効果を発揮する。また、本発明の抗体は、ブドウ球菌の中でも、黄色ブドウ球菌を抗原として用いることにより、好適に得ることができる。
CDR配列は、抗原特異性を抗体に付与する配列であるため、ZBIA5H抗体またはZBIA3H抗体由来のCDR配列を含む抗体であれば、他の配列は異なる場合でも、ZBIA5H抗体またはZBIA3H抗体由来の所望の生物学的特性を発揮できるものと考えられる。
可変領域のCDRは、フレーム領域によって構造を保持され、他の鎖からのCDRとともに抗体のエピトープの形成に寄与しているが、これらのアミノ酸配列は公知の方法により変更することが可能である。一定の範囲のアミノ酸配列同一性を有するCDRは機能的には同等の抗体特性を有する蓋然性が高い。
CDRは、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、公知の何れの定義に基づくCDRであってもよいが、Kabat、Chothia、AbMまたはcontactの何れかにより定義されたCDRが好適に用いられ、さらに好適には、Kabatにより定義されたCDRが用いられる。
また、配列番号:9はZBIA3H抗体重鎖CDR1、配列番号:10はZBIA3H抗体重鎖CDR2、配列番号:11はZBIA3H抗体重鎖CDR3、配列番号:12はZBIA3H抗体軽鎖CDR1、配列番号:13はZBIA3H抗体軽鎖CDR2、配列番号:14はZBIA3H抗体軽鎖CDR3を表す。
なお、上記各配列はKabatの定義によるCDR配列である。
また、同様に、これに限定されるものではないが、ZBIA3H系列抗体の代表例としては、重鎖可変領域が配列番号:9、10および11に示されるアミノ酸配列をそれぞれ含むCDRH1、2および3を含み、軽鎖可変領域が配列番号:12、13および14に示されるアミノ酸配列をそれぞれ含むCDRL1、2および3を含む抗ブドウ球菌抗体が挙げられる。
同様に、ZBIA3H系列抗体の更なる代表例としては、配列番号:15に示されるアミノ酸配列とアミノ酸配列同一性90%以上、95%以上、98%以上あるいは100%のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域と、配列番号:16に示されるアミノ酸配列とアミノ酸配列同一性90%以上、95%以上、98%以上あるいは100%のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む抗ブドウ球菌抗体が挙げられる。
ここで、配列番号:7および8は、それぞれZBIA5H抗体の重鎖および軽鎖可変領域配列であり、配列番号:15および16は、それぞれZBIA3H抗体の重鎖および軽鎖可変領域配列である。
可変領域配列全体の定まったこれらの態様では、より確実に抗体の治療または予防効果を発揮できる。
本発明のある態様では、受託番号:NITE BP-1367または受託番号:NITE BP-1366で寄託されたハイブリドーマにより産生される抗体(それぞれ、ZBIA5H抗体またはZBIA3H抗体と称する)が提供される。
上記何れかの態様において、抗体は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、如何なる形態の抗体であってもよい。
これらの抗体も、好ましくは、ブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防効果を有し、さらに好ましくは、薬剤耐性ブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防効果を有する。
また、ZBIA5H系列抗体は、他の抗ブドウ球菌抗体(例えば、ZBIA3H系列抗体)と併用することで、それぞれの単独投与よりも更に優れたブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防効果を奏することができる。
抗菌物質とコンジュゲートしていることにより、細菌への効果的な抗菌物質の集中化による抗菌物質の抗菌作用増強、副作用の低減、抗体エフェクター作用と共同した抗菌作用の増強などの更なる効果を奏することができる。
さらに好ましくは、合成抗菌剤は、リネゾリドである。その場合、血球減少等の副作用が軽減され、リネゾリド耐性菌にも効果を奏することができる。
さらに好ましくは、溶菌酵素は、リソスタフィンである。その場合、抗原性の低減、体内動態の改善、溶菌作用増強、投与用量減量などの効果を奏することができる。
さらに好ましくは、抗菌ペプチドはカセリシジンである。その場合、抗菌作用増強、投与用量減量の効果を奏することができる。
本発明のある態様は、脱アセチル化したブドウ球菌により哺乳動物を免疫し、その哺乳動物から抗体産生細胞を得ることを含む、ブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防効果を有する抗ブドウ球菌抗体の製造方法またはスクリーニング方法である。
この方法によれば、脱アセチル化により様々な抗原性を賦与することができ、新規でかつ多種類の抗体を製造することができる。
アセチル化、脱アセチル化による荷電の変化が物質の立体構造や相互作用を変化させる一例としてヒストンを挙げることができる。ヒストンは通常、陽性に荷電して、陰性に荷電しているDNAと静電気的に結合することができる。しかし、ヒストンアセチル基転移酵素によりアセチル化されるとヒストンの荷電はなくなり、DNAとの結合は弱まる。ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素による脱アセチル化はヒストンを再び陽性に荷電させることでDNAと結合しやすくする。
脱アセチル化の手段としては、脱アセチル化が達成される限り、その手段には限定されるものではないが、例えば、酵素処理、アルカリ処理などが挙げられる。さらに、ブドウ球菌の細胞壁N-アセチルムラミン酸O-アセチル基が脱アセチル化される手段が好ましい。
アンモニア水の濃度は、脱アセチル化と非特異的変性作用との兼合いから5~30%が好ましく、脱アセチル化反応速度と非特異的変性作用との兼合いから10~15%がさらに好ましい。処理温度は、脱アセチル化と非特異的変性作用との兼合いから4~50℃が好ましく、脱アセチル化反応速度と非特異的変性作用との兼合いから30~40℃がさらに好ましい。処理時間としては、脱アセチル化と非特異的変性作用との兼合いから6~48時間が好ましく、脱アセチル化反応速度と非特異的変性作用との兼合いから12~24時間がさらに好ましい。さらに、アンモニア水処理では、攪拌を行うことが好ましい。
(1)免疫
得られた抗原を哺乳動物へ投与して免疫を行う。抗原は、アジュバントと混合して用いられてもよい。哺乳動物としては、マウスが好適に用いられ、BALB/cマウスがさらに好適に用いられる。免疫は、同一の哺乳動物に対し、単数回行われても、複数回行われてもよい。
(2)スクリーニング
脾細胞より常法によりハイブリドーマを作製し、抗体価等所望の活性を指標に、スクリーニングを行う。脾細胞を得る前に、免疫した哺乳動物単位で、血清抗体価などの血清中の活性を指標にプレスクリーニングを行ってもよい。また、スクリーニングは、好ましくはELISAを用いて行われ、さらに好ましくは、ブドウ球菌Cell-ELISAを用いて行われる。
スクリーニングで選抜したハイブリドーマをマウス腹腔へ投与して腹水を産生させ、その抗体含有腹水を採取し、精製して、抗ブドウ球菌抗体を得る。好ましくは、マウスとしてはSCIDマウスが用いられる。精製には、好ましくはクロマトグラフィー、より好ましくはアフィニティークロマトグラフィー、例えばプロテインGアフィニティークロマトグラフィーなどが用いられる。
(4)組換え生産
スクリーニングで得られた抗体については、その抗体を産生するハイブリドーマからcDNAを得るなどにより、他の細胞において組換え体を製造することができ、このような態様も上記製造方法に含まれる。
得られたcDNAを用い、他の細胞において組換え体を製造する方法の詳細は、後述する。
上記何れかの態様の核酸は、常法により、単離し、配列決定することができる。これに限定されるものではないが、例えば、重鎖および/または軽鎖等を特異的に増幅するように設計したオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを用いて配列決定することができる。また、単離された核酸は、クローニングおよび発現させるために原核または真核細胞へ遺伝子導入することができる。
好適宿主細胞としては、原核生物、酵母、または高等真核生物細胞を挙げることができる。好適な原核生物は、限定するものではないが、真正細菌(例えばグラム陰性またはグラム陽性菌)が挙げられる。
ポリペプチド発現には、糸状菌または酵母菌のような真核微生物も好適に用いることができる。
高等真核生物細胞のうち、無脊椎動物細胞の例には植物および昆虫細胞が含まれる。
通常は抗体を産生しない宿主細胞(例えば、大腸菌細胞、サルCOS細胞、チャイニーズハムスター卵巣(CHO)細胞、またはミエローマ細胞)に上記何れかの態様の核酸を形質移入し、プロモーターを誘導し、適切な栄養培地中で培養することにより、その核酸によりコードされる抗体を産生させることができる。その後、例えば、宿主細胞ペーストから可溶性分画へと抗体を分離し、精製する(例えば、アイソタイプに応じてプロテインAまたはGカラムを用いる)ことにより、抗体を製造することができる。
抗体が細胞内に産生された場合、第1の工程として、不要物(細胞細片など)を例えば遠心分離または限外濾過によって除去する。Carter et al., Bio/Technology 10: 163-167 (1992)は、大腸菌の細胞膜周辺腔に分泌された抗体の単離方法を記載している。簡単に述べると、細胞ペーストを、酢酸ナトリウム(pH3.5)、EDTA、およびフェニルメチルスルホニルフルオリド(PMSF)の存在下で約30分間冷解凍を行う。細胞細片は遠心分離で除去できる。
抗体が培地中に分泌される場合は、そのような発現系からの上清を、一般的にはタンパク質濃縮フィルター(例えばAmiconもしくはPelliconの限外濾過フィルター)を用いて濃縮する。PMSFなどのプロテアーゼ阻害剤を上記の任意の工程に含めることで、タンパク質分解を阻害してもよく、また抗生物質を用いることで外来性の汚染生物の増殖を防止してもよい。
上述した予備的精製工程に続いて、目的の抗体および混入物を含む混合液に、例えば、pH約2.5-4.5、好ましくは低塩濃度(例として、約0-0.25M塩)の溶出緩衝液を用いた低pH疎水性相互作用クロマトグラフィーを施してもよい。
本発明の他の態様は、上記何れかの態様の抗体を含む組成物である。
本発明の更なる態様は、ZBIA5H系列抗体と、他の抗ブドウ球菌抗体とを含む組成物である。他の抗ブドウ球菌抗体としては、ZBIA3H系列抗体が好ましい。
ZBIA5H系列抗体は、他の抗ブドウ球菌抗体(例えば、ZBIA3H系列抗体)と併用することで、それぞれの単独投与よりも更に優れたブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防効果を奏することができるため、上記態様の組成物は特に効果的である。
上記何れかの態様の組成物は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、凍結乾燥形態あるいは溶液形態等の何れであってもよいが、凍結乾燥形態で提供されることが好ましい。凍結乾燥品の場合、使用時に、薬学的に許容される水性担体(例えば、注射用滅菌水または滅菌生理食塩水)に溶解する。
また、上記何れかの態様の組成物は、対応する医薬であってよい。
なお、上記何れかの態様の抗体が、前述または後述する他の薬剤または抗ブドウ球菌抗体と併用される場合、それら併用された二剤が体内で(in situ)組成物を形成する場合も、上記何れかの態様の組成物に含まれる。
本発明の他の態様は、(a)容器;(b)パッケージ挿入物および/または前記容器上のラベル;および(c)容器内に収容された上記何れかの態様の抗体を含む組成物または上記何れかの態様の組成物を含んでなり、パッケージ挿入物および/または前記容器上のラベルの少なくとも一つの当該組成物がブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防に使用できることを表示する製造品である。
本発明の他の態様は、治療または予防対象に上記何れかの態様の抗体または組成物を投与することを含む、ブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防方法である。
また、本発明の他の態様は、上記何れかの態様の抗体または組成物を含む、ブドウ球菌感染症を治療または予防するための医薬である。
また、本発明の他の態様は、上記何れかの態様の抗体または組成物の、ブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防のための医薬の製造における使用である。
また、本発明の他の態様は、ブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防に使用するための上記何れかの態様の抗体または組成物である。
簡便のために、以下、これらの態様を医薬用途態様と総称する。
また、従来のブドウ球菌ワクチンでは、ブドウ球菌が常在菌であるため、免疫されにくく、さらに、対象患者が免疫不全の場合(ブドウ球菌感染症の患者には免疫不全が少なくない)、十分に免疫されないといった改善点が存在した。上記医薬用途態様は、これらの点については改善されており、少なくとも一側面において、従来型のワクチンよりも有用となり得る。
ZBIA5H系列抗体は、単独使用に比べて、他の抗ブドウ球菌抗体(特にZBIA3H系列抗体あるいはそのアナログ)と組み合わせて使用する際に、さらに優れた効果を奏することができる。
併用は、二抗体の同時投与でも、何れかの抗体の投与が前後となってもよく、2以上の抗体は同一製剤または別個の製剤の何れの製剤形態をとって提供されてもよい。
本発明と併用することのできる活性成分は、上記態様(他の抗ブドウ球菌抗体)に限られるものではなく、例えば、抗菌性物質等、他の薬剤(例えば、バンコマイシン、テイコプラニン、アルベカシン、リネゾリド、ダプトマイシン、イミペネム、ノルフロキサシン、ゲンタマイシンなど)やアジュバントと併用してもよい。
典型的な投与例を上に示したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
これらの治療の進行は、通常の診断やアッセイ等により簡便にモニターすることができる。
なお、ブドウ球菌感染症では、しばしば抗菌薬の投与のみでは十分ではないことがあるため、本発明の薬剤も、必要に応じて、病巣に対する外科的処置(人工弁の入れ替え、カテーテル抜去、関節腔の切開排膿など)と併用してよい。
例えば、上記何れかに記載の態様において、ZBIA3H(系列)抗体の代わりに、またはZBIA3H(系列)抗体と組み合わせて、ZBIA9H(系列)抗体を用いてもよい。ZBIA9H系列抗体は、好ましくはZBIA9H抗体と同一のCDRを含む。ZBIA9H(系列)抗体では、ZBIA3H(系列)抗体における配列番号:9、10、11、12、13、14、15および16のアミノ酸配列の代わりに、それぞれ配列番号17、18、19、20、21、22、23および24のアミノ酸配列が用いられる。
ブドウ球菌に対するモノクローナル抗体の調製
免疫抗原の調整
黄色ブドウ球菌MW2株をTryptic Soy Broth(BD社、以下TSB)で対数増殖後期にまで培養し、遠心回収後、ガラスビーズブレンダーで破砕した。Triton-X100および蒸留水で洗浄後、遠心回収してこれを細胞壁精製物とした。免疫原性を高め、多様な抗体を産生しやすくするために、12.5%アンモニア水に懸濁して37℃で16時間撹拌することで、N-アセチルムラミン酸O-アセチル基の脱アセチル化処理を行った(脱アセチル化細胞壁精製物:免疫抗原)。
免疫抗原2mg/mL、20mg/mLおよび200mg/mLと等量のフロイント完全アジュバント(以下FCA)もしくはフロイント不完全アジュバント(以下FIA)と混合してエマルジョンを作製し、これを免疫原とした。
雌性BALB/cマウス(日本チャールス・リバー(株))の腹腔へ、初回免疫時は免疫抗原とFCAとのエマルジョンを0.2mLずつ投与し(投与抗原量0.2mg、2mgおよび20mg、各群5匹)、以降4次免疫まではFIAとのエマルジョンを2週間毎に同様に投与した。
初回免疫の1週間前と各免疫の1週間後に尾静脈より採血し、血清中の抗ブドウ球菌抗体の抗体価を黄色ブドウ球菌固相化Cell-ELISAで測定した。抗体価は追加免疫毎に上昇し、概ね投与抗原量が多い個体(抗原20mg投与群)で高い抗体価が得られた(図1、20mg-1、2、3、4、5)。
そして個体20mg-2に、最終免疫として抗原5mgを静脈内に投与した。
増殖可能な感染性のあるブドウ球菌と実際に結合できる抗体を検出するため、抗ブドウ球菌抗体の結合性測定は、生きた菌体そのままを固相化した黄色ブドウ球菌固相化Cell-ELISAで行った。
TSBで30℃16時間静置培養したプロテインAノックアウトOS2株を遠心回収してダルベッコリン酸緩衝生理食塩液(-)(以下PBS)で3回洗浄し、A600=0.1程度に濃度を調整した。
最終5次免疫から3日後に脾細胞を採取し、ポリエチレングリコールを用いてマウスミエローマ培養細胞株SP2/0細胞と細胞融合させ、常法に従いハイブリドーマを得た。
ハイブリドーマ培養上清中の抗ブドウ球菌IgGおよびIgM抗体を黄色ブドウ球菌固相化Cell-ELISAで測定した結果、1002ウェル中の106ウェルで黄色ブドウ球菌に結合親和性を有する抗体が検出された。このうちのA405>2の30ウェルをクローニングに供し、黄色ブドウ球菌固相化Cell-ELISA(IgG検出)によるスクリーニングと限界希釈法によるクローニングを繰り返すことで、抗ブドウ球菌抗体を産生する22種のハイブリドーマを得た。
In vivoスクリーニングへ供するモノクローナル抗体試料を調製するにあたり、数mg/mL程度の抗体含有量が期待できるハイブリドーマ腹水からの精製・調製を行った。
対数増殖期に達したハイブリドーマ5x106個を、遺伝的・機能的にB細胞およびT細胞を欠損しイムノグロブリンを持たないSCIDマウス(日本クレア(株))の腹腔に投与し、1~2週間後、貯留した腹水を採取して-70℃に凍結保存した。
抗ブドウ球菌抗体とブドウ球菌との結合親和性を、ELISAの反応性で調べた。
各精製抗体の黄色ブドウ球菌固相化Cell-ELISAでの反応性を調べたところ、その添加濃度と反応性との関係から4つのグループが認められた(図2)。第一に、ZBIA6H、8H、10H、11Hおよび12H精製抗体が示す極めて結合親和性が高いグループ、第二にZBIA2H、4Hおよび14H精製抗体が示す第一のグループに次いで結合親和性が高いグループ、第三にZBIA1H、3H、5H、7H、9H、13H、15H、16H、17H、19H、20H、21Hおよび22Hが属する中程度の結合親和性を示すグループ、第四に結合親和性が弱いZBIA18Hの、4グループであった。
抗ブドウ球菌抗体の交差反応性
凍結保存してある表皮ブドウ球菌ATCC12228株をTSBで37℃16時間振とう培養し、この培養液を新鮮なTSBに1/100量添加してさらに37℃4時間振とう培養してこれを遠心回収し、PBSで3回洗浄後A600=0.1程度に濃度を調整した。これを96穴ELISAプレート(Nunc社、Maxisorp)に各ウェルあたり100μLずつ分注し、4℃で6時間静置することで菌体を固相化した。そしてPBSで3回洗浄後、1%ウサギ血清/PBSを各ウェルに300μLずつ加えて4℃で16時間静置し、ブロッキングを行った。さらに0.05%Tween20/PBSで3回洗浄後、ZBIA5H抗体もしくはZBIA3H抗体溶液100μL/ウェルを加えて30℃で2時間静置した。再び0.05%Tween20/PBSで3回洗浄した後、2次抗体としてヤギHRP標識F(ab’)2抗マウスIgG(γ)(KPL社)を100μL/ウェル添加し、30℃で2時間静置した。そして0.05%Tween20/PBSで3回洗浄後、基質としてABTSを100μL/ウェル加えて発色させ、A405をマイクロプレートリーダーで測光して表皮ブドウ球菌に交差反応性を示す抗体量を測定した。
その結果、上記抗体は、表皮ブドウ球菌にも結合親和性を示した(図3)。
市中感染MRSAマウス敗血症モデルへの効果
雌性BALB/cマウス7週齢の腹腔に黄色ブドウ球菌MW2株8x108個/0.5mL PBSおよび被験物質0.2mL(PBS、1mg抗ブドウ球菌抗体、1mgマウスIgG)を投与し、生存数を観察した。
その結果、ZBIA5H抗体およびZBIA3H抗体が、PBS投与群に対して有意な延命作用を示した(フィッシャーの正確確率検定、図4、5)。
また、ZBIA5H抗体0.5mgとZBIA3H抗体0.5mgとの同時投与群は、ZBIA5H抗体1mgあるいはZBIA3H抗体1mg単独投与群より優れた延命効果を示した(図6)。
バンコマイシン高度耐性MRSAマウス敗血症モデルへの効果
雌性BALB/cマウス7週齢の腹腔に黄色ブドウ球菌VRS1株2-3x109個/0.5ml PBSおよび被験物質0.2ml(PBS、1mg抗ブドウ球菌抗体、1mgマウスIgG、1mg塩酸バンコマイシン(VCM))を投与し、生存数を観察した。
その結果、ZBIA5H抗体およびZBIA3H抗体が、PBS投与群およびVCM投与群に対して有意な延命作用を示した(フィッシャーの正確確率検定、図7)。
市中感染MRSAマウス肺炎モデルへの予防効果
実施例3市中感染MRSAマウス敗血症モデルで用いた黄色ブドウ球菌MW2株は、壊死性肺炎を起こすことが知られている(非特許文献5)。そこで実施例3および4で有効であったZBIA5H抗体およびZBIA3H抗体の肺炎への有効性を明らかにするため、肺炎予防実験を試みた。
被験物質0.2mL(PBS、1mg抗ブドウ球菌抗体、1mg塩酸バンコマイシン(VCM))を尾静脈内へ投与し、その1時間後に黄色ブドウ球菌MW2株4x108個/40μL PBSを雌性BALB/cマウス7週齢に経鼻投与して肺に感染させ、感染4日後に肺を摘出してホモジナイザーで懸濁してマンニット食塩寒天培地平板へ塗布し、37℃で36時間培養して出現したコロニー数を計測して、これを肺感染菌数とした。
得られた結果をウイルコクソンの順位和検定で統計学的解析を行ったところ、ZBIA5HおよびZBIA3H抗体投与群はPBS投与群に対し、有意に肺感染菌数が減少していた(図8、9)。
市中感染MRSAマウス肺炎モデルへの治療効果
実施例5にてZBIA5HおよびZBIA3H抗体の肺炎予防効果が確認されたため、次に治療実験を試みた。
黄色ブドウ球菌MW2株4x108個/40μL PBSを雌性BALB/cマウス7週齢に経鼻投与し、肺に細菌を感染させ、3日後に被験物質0.2mL(PBS、1mg抗ブドウ球菌抗体、1mgマウスIgG、1mg塩酸バンコマイシン(VCM))を尾静脈内へ投与した。
黄色ブドウ球菌投与5日後(被験物質投与2日後)に肺を摘出してホモジナイズし、懸濁液をマンニット食塩寒天培地平板へ塗布した。これを37℃で36時間培養して出現したコロニー数を計測し、肺感染菌数とした。
得られた結果をウイルコクソンの順位和検定で統計学的解析を行ったところ、ZBIA5H、ZBIA3H抗体およびVCM投与群はPBS投与群に対し、有意に肺感染菌数が減少していた(図10、11)。
抗体可変領域のクローニング
ZBIA5H抗体およびZBIA3H抗体可変部遺伝子は、5’-RACE(Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends)法により得た。
まず、ZBIA5H抗体およびZBIA3H抗体産生ハイブリドーマより全RNAを抽出し、オリゴdTプライマー(Invitrogen)を用いて逆転写酵素(SuperScriptII、Invitrogen)にてcDNAを合成した。dCTP(タカラバイオ)存在下、TdT(Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase、東洋紡またはタカラバイオ)にてcDNAの3’-末端にdCTP(Cテール)を付加し、これを鋳型としてCテールと相補的な配列を持つオリゴdGプライマーとマウスκ鎖遺伝子特異的プライマーまたはマウス重鎖遺伝子特異的プライマーとを用いたPCR法により、ZBIA5H抗体およびZBIA3H抗体重鎖および軽鎖可変部遺伝子を増幅した。各増幅産物をp3Tベクター(Mo Bi Tec)にサブクローニングし、導入遺伝子の塩基配列を確認した。重鎖および軽鎖の可変部アミノ酸配列を図12および図13に示す。
以下の抗体を産生するハイブリドーマをそれぞれ独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構特許微生物寄託センター(千葉県木更津市かずさ鎌足2-5-8)に国際寄託(ブダペスト条約に基づく)した:
抗体 ハイブリドーマ受託番号 原寄託日 国際寄託への移管日
ZBIA5H NITE BP-1367 2012年5月29日 2012年6月25日
ZBIA3H NITE BP-1366 2012年5月29日 2012年6月25日
なお、本明細書に引用された特許、特許出願、および出版物の開示内容は全て、参照により本明細書に援用される。
ハイブリドーマ(ZBIA3H): NITE BP-1366
Claims (24)
- 脱アセチル化したブドウ球菌を免疫して得られる、ブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防効果を有する抗ブドウ球菌抗体。
- 重鎖可変領域が、配列番号:1、2および3に示されるアミノ酸配列あるいは配列番号:9、10および11に示されるアミノ酸配列をそれぞれ含むCDRH1、2および3を含み、
軽鎖可変領域が、配列番号:4、5および6に示されるアミノ酸配列あるいは配列番号:12、13および14に示されるアミノ酸配列をそれぞれ含むCDRL1、2および3を含む、請求項1に記載の抗体。 - 重鎖可変領域が、配列番号:1、2および3に示されるアミノ酸配列をそれぞれ含むCDRH1、2および3を含み、
軽鎖可変領域が、配列番号:4、5および6に示されるアミノ酸配列をそれぞれ含むCDRL1、2および3を含む、請求項2に記載の抗体。 - 配列番号:7に示されるアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域と、配列番号:8に示されるアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む、請求項3に記載の抗体。
- 重鎖可変領域が、配列番号:9、10および11に示されるアミノ酸配列をそれぞれ含むCDRH1、2および3を含み、
軽鎖可変領域が、配列番号:12、13および14に示されるアミノ酸配列をそれぞれ含むCDRL1、2および3を含む、請求項2に記載の抗体。 - 配列番号:15に示されるアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域と、配列番号:16に示されるアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む、請求項5に記載の抗体。
- 黄色ブドウ球菌と結合することのできる、請求項1ないし6の何れか一項に記載の抗体。
- 更に、表皮ブドウ球菌と結合することのできる、請求項1ないし7の何れか一項に記載の抗体。
- 抗体断片である、請求項1ないし8の何れか一項に記載の抗体。
- キメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体またはヒト抗体である、請求項1ないし9の何れか一項に記載の抗体。
- 受託番号:NITE BP-1367または受託番号:NITE BP-1366で寄託されたハイブリドーマにより産生される抗体。
- 請求項11に記載の抗体由来の抗体断片、キメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体またはヒト抗体。
- 抗菌物質とコンジュゲートした請求項1ないし12の何れか一項に記載の抗体。
- 前記抗菌物質が、抗生剤、合成抗菌剤、溶菌酵素または抗菌ペプチドである請求項13に記載の抗体。
- 請求項1ないし12の何れか一項に記載の抗体をコードする核酸。
- 請求項15に記載の核酸を含むベクター。
- 請求項16に記載のベクターを含む宿主細胞。
- 請求項17に記載の宿主細胞を、前記核酸が前記抗体を発現する条件下で培養することを含む前記抗体の製造方法。
- 請求項1ないし14の何れか一項に記載の抗体を含む組成物。
- 請求項3または4に記載の抗体と請求項5または6に記載の抗体とを含む組成物。
- (a)容器;
(b)パッケージ挿入物および/または前記容器上のラベル;および
(c)前記容器内に収容された請求項19または20に記載の組成物を含んでなり、パッケージ挿入物および/または前記容器上のラベルの少なくとも一つの当該組成物がブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防に使用できることを表示する製造品。 - 請求項1ないし14の何れか一項に記載の抗体あるいは請求項19または20に記載の組成物を含む、ブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防のための医薬。
- 請求項3または4に記載の抗体と請求項5または6に記載の抗体とが併用して用いられる、請求項22に記載の医薬。
- 脱アセチル化したブドウ球菌により哺乳動物を免疫し、該哺乳動物から抗体産生細胞を得ることを含む、ブドウ球菌感染症の治療または予防効果を有する抗ブドウ球菌抗体の製造方法。
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US9803002B2 (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2017-10-31 | Genentench, Inc. | Anti-wall teichoic antibodies and conjugates |
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US10336683B2 (en) | 2016-03-04 | 2019-07-02 | Genentech, Inc. | Process for the preparation of an antibody-rifamycin conjugate |
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