WO2014139878A1 - Procédé servant à établir l'état de charge d'un accumulateur - Google Patents

Procédé servant à établir l'état de charge d'un accumulateur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014139878A1
WO2014139878A1 PCT/EP2014/054432 EP2014054432W WO2014139878A1 WO 2014139878 A1 WO2014139878 A1 WO 2014139878A1 EP 2014054432 W EP2014054432 W EP 2014054432W WO 2014139878 A1 WO2014139878 A1 WO 2014139878A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
accumulator
charge
state
battery
determining
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PCT/EP2014/054432
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dennis GAMRAD
Anna FLEMMING
Wolfgang Deis
Carsten Kolligs
Sven PÜSCHEL
Original Assignee
Evonik Industries Ag
Li-Tec Battery Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Evonik Industries Ag, Li-Tec Battery Gmbh filed Critical Evonik Industries Ag
Publication of WO2014139878A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014139878A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
    • G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
    • H01M10/30—Nickel accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the state of charge of an accumulator, wherein a functional relationship between the state of charge and the open circuit voltage of the accumulator is determined empirically, wherein in the determination of the functional relationship of the initially fully charged accumulator is discharged with defined charges and at several discharge stages the battery idle voltages are measured, the measured no-load voltages are assigned after the measurements of charge states of the accumulator, and determined after determining the functional relationship, during operation of the accumulator on the basis of the functional relationship, the state of charge from an estimated open circuit voltage.
  • the invention also relates to a device for carrying out such a method.
  • the determination of the state of charge of a rechargeable battery is often essential for the use of the rechargeable battery.
  • the state of charge determination may help to operate the accumulator in a particularly economical manner.
  • the accumulators used must be made relatively large, since they must be able to take up or deliver some considerable energy for certain periods of time.
  • Both the generation and the consumption of energy can lead to unplanned fluctuations in power grids. These can arise on the energy producer side, for example, in that a power plant or part of the power grid fails or, for example, in the case of renewable energies such as wind, that the energy production is higher than predicted. Consumers may also experience unexpectedly high or low consumption. The failure of a part of the power grid, for example, some consumers of the Energy supply can lead to a sudden reduction in electricity consumption.
  • the desired AC frequency in Europe is 50,000 Hz.
  • Such desired AC frequencies are also referred to as nominal frequencies.
  • a reduction of consumption compared to a (forecast) plan results in an increase of the grid frequency at the output generated by the energy producers according to the forecast, as well as an increase of the electricity production compared to the plan with correspondingly predicted consumption.
  • a reduction in the output of the energy producers compared to the plan with correspondingly forecast consumption leads to a reduction in the grid frequency, as well as to an increase in consumption compared to the forecast consumption and correspondingly scheduled generation.
  • balancing power For example, in Europe there is a set of rules ("UCTE Handbook") that describes three different categories of balancing power, including the requirements for the types of balancing power that vary, inter alia, in the requirements for the dynamics and duration of service provision In addition, they are used differently in terms of boundary conditions: primary control power (PRL) is independent of the location of the Cause the disruption across Europe from all integrated sources, essentially proportional to the current frequency deviation.
  • PRL primary control power
  • the maximum positive power (feed into the grid) is to be provided at frequency deviations of minus 200 mHz and (absolute) lower, the maximum negative power is to be provided at frequency deviations of plus 200 mHz and above.
  • the dynamics it must be ensured that the (maximum) power has to be provided evenly within 30 seconds from the idle state.
  • SRL secondary control power
  • MR minute reserve power
  • Their task is to compensate for the disturbance as quickly as possible and thus to ensure that the grid frequency is back within the desired range as quickly as possible, preferably at the latest after 15 minutes.
  • lower requirements are placed on the SRLs and MRLs (5 or 15 minutes to full service delivery after activation).
  • a large part of the control power is provided by conventional power plants, in particular coal and nuclear power plants. Two fundamental problems result from this.
  • the conventional power plants providing control power are not operated at full load and thus maximum efficiencies, but slightly below them in order to be able to provide positive control power if required, possibly over a theoretically unlimited period of time.
  • fewer and fewer conventional power plants are in operation, which is often the prerequisite for the provision of balancing services.
  • approaches have been developed to increase the use of energy storage devices such as accumulators in order to store negative control power and provide it as positive control power when needed. This has the advantage that the same energy, which was taken from the power grid at a first time as a negative control power, are provided at a second time as a positive control power can, without this must be recreated.
  • the most accurate possible knowledge of the state of charge of a battery used for this purpose is important.
  • DE 10 2008 046 747 A1 also proposes operating an energy store in an island power grid in such a way that the energy store is used to compensate for consumption peaks and consumption minima.
  • the disadvantage hereof is that the energy stores do not have the necessary capacity to compensate for a longer disturbance or a plurality of disturbances rectified with respect to the frequency deviation one after the other.
  • Accumulators can absorb or release energy very quickly, making them basically suitable for providing PRL.
  • a disadvantage is that very large capacities of the batteries must be provided in order to deliver the control power over a longer period or repeatedly.
  • very large capacity batteries are also very expensive.
  • Another disadvantage of the prior art is the fact that at least temporarily in the deadband no control power is provided or the power grid even with a counterproductive power to adapt the state of charge of the energy storage is charged.
  • the SOC-OCV characteristic is generated by a constant discharge of 1 C to the cut-off voltage, assuming a fixed capacity of the cell (40 Ah).
  • the electrical equivalent circuit used here uses constant parameters Rs, Rp, Cp for resistors or impedances and for the capacitive components.
  • the open circuit voltage is adjusted during the SOC determination in each step.
  • a Coulomb counting is performed, which takes place exclusively via a current measurement.
  • a correction step takes place with the aid of the electrical model to the state of charge determined by means of Coulomb counting, in order to determine the actual state of charge of the accumulator.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that in the determination of the SoC-OCV characteristic, ie the state of charge no-load voltage characteristic, inaccuracies may occur, since this characteristic depends on the temperature and the aging of the battery, so that an exact determination of the current state of charge is only conditionally possible.
  • the inaccuracies lead in practice to the fact that the accumulator is not optimally controlled or regulated.
  • an unnecessarily large capacity of the accumulator must be kept in order to compensate for the possible errors in the use of the state of charge no-load voltage characteristic and always have sufficient capacity to provide and absorb the control power.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • previously disregarded charge components of the accumulator should be taken into account in order to determine a more accurate charge state open-circuit voltage characteristic, in particular less dependent on the temperature and age of the battery.
  • a smaller dimensioning of the accumulator is possible because for each possible error in the determination of the state of charge, a corresponding capacity of the accumulator must be kept.
  • a further object of the invention is to be seen in that, in particular when using galvanic elements, such as accumulators, the capacity of the energy store for cost reasons should be as low as possible in order to provide the required control power.
  • the present invention is achieved by a method for determining the state of charge of a rechargeable battery, wherein a functional relationship between the state of charge and the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery is determined empirically, wherein in the determination of the functional relationship the initially fully charged rechargeable battery is discharged with defined charges and in the case of several discharge stages of the rechargeable battery, open-circuit voltages are measured, the measured open-circuit voltages being associated with charging states of the rechargeable battery after the measurements, and, after the functional relationship has been established, determined during an operation of the rechargeable battery on the basis of the functional relationship, the charging state is determined from an estimated no-load voltage, wherein in determining the functional relationship between the state of charge and the open-circuit voltage in a first phase of the accumulator stepwise entla with constant currents is the until a threshold voltage is exceeded, and then in a second phase, the current is reduced in a further step and the battery is further discharged until a threshold current is exceeded.
  • the no-load voltage which is measured at the last discharge stage after reaching the lowest current, preferably after reaching the limit current, a state of charge of 0% is assigned and the open circuit voltage, which is measured at fully charged accumulator, a state of charge of 100% is assigned.
  • the accumulator comprises a plurality of galvanic cells connected in parallel and / or connected in series. Such an arrangement is particularly well suited for larger accumulators for the provision of control energy.
  • the inventive method may also be characterized in that it is used in the provision of control power by the accumulator, preferably in the provision of primary control power and / or secondary control power.
  • Inventive methods can also be characterized in that the limit voltage of a lithium-based galvanic cell of the accumulator is between 1 V and 10 V, preferably between 3 V and 4.2 V, more preferably at 3 V. It can also be provided that the Limit current of a lithium-based galvanic cell of the accumulator is between 0.1 A and 10 A, preferably between 0.5 A and 3 A, more preferably at 1 A.
  • the preferred galvanic lithium-ion cells which are particularly well suited for the implementation of methods according to the invention, operate up to these limiting voltages and limiting current strengths.
  • the accumulator is discharged before reaching the limit voltage with a discharge rate (C rate) between 0.5 C and 2 C, preferably with 1 C and / or after reaching the threshold voltage and before falling below the limiting current with a decreasing Discharge rate (C rate) between C / 500 and 2 C, preferably between C / 100 and 1 C is discharged.
  • C rate discharge rate
  • C rate Discharge rate
  • the last remainder of the charge contained in the accumulator can also be discharged in large part and in a defined manner in order to make the entire spectrum of the state of charge of the accumulator available for measuring the open-circuit voltage.
  • a plurality of parallel and / or series-connected accumulators are operated centrally controlled as a control power device, wherein the control power device receives as needed from a power grid control power or outputs in the power grid control power and the Charging state of the control power device is determined from the sum of the charge states of the batteries.
  • the inventive method is particularly well suited for determining the state of charge of accumulators in the provision of control energy and, conversely, leads to the fact that the capacity of the accumulator can be chosen small and is more cost-effective, since the state of charge can be estimated more accurately.
  • a further development of the invention may provide for the charge state to be taken into account in the case of a recording and / or delivery of power by the accumulator, in particular by the control power device, wherein the recorded and / or delivered power, in particular control power, is controlled or regulated as a function of the state of charge becomes.
  • a lithium-ion accumulator used as a rechargeable battery, a lithium-ion accumulator, a lead-sulfuric acid accumulator, a nickel-cadmium accumulator, a sodium-sulfur accumulator or a composite of at least two of these accumulators becomes.
  • the capacity of the rechargeable battery is at least 40 Ah, preferably at least 1 kAh, and / or the rechargeable battery stores at least an energy of at least 4 kWh, preferably at least 10 kWh, particularly preferably at least 50 kWh, very particularly preferably at least 250 kWh can.
  • the capacity of the accumulator as a function of the temperature of the galvanic cells of the accumulator and / or the current during charging and discharging of the accumulator is taken into account in the determination of the state of charge of the accumulator, wherein preferably the maximum state of charge as a function of the temperature of the galvanic cells of the accumulator and / or the Amperage during charging and discharging of the accumulator is determined on the basis of a measurement of the temperature of the galvanic cells of the accumulator and / or the current during charging and discharging of the accumulator.
  • an equivalent circuit comprising at least one resistor and / or at least one capacitor for determining the open circuit voltage of the accumulator as a function of the temperature of the galvanic cells of the accumulator, the current direction and / or the discharge rate is taken into account.
  • the state of charge determined during operation is determined taking into account the estimated value of the open circuit voltage and / or an open circuit voltage which was or were determined in the previous determination of the open circuit voltage.
  • the anode material of the galvanic cells of the rechargeable battery graphite or lithium titanium oxide preferably Li 2 Ti 5 Oi2 and as the cathode material of the galvanic cells of the rechargeable battery Lithiumcobaltoxid, Lithiummanganoxid, Lithiumnickelmangancobalt oxide,
  • Lithiumnickelcobaltalluminiumoxid is used and / or Lithiumeisenphosphoroxid, preferably L1C0O2, LiMn 2 O 4, Li (Nii 3 Mni 3 Coi 3) O2, Li (Ni 0, 85Coo, IAL 0, o5) O2 and / or LiFePO. 4
  • LiMn 2 O 4 Li (Nii 3 Mni 3 Coi 3) O2
  • the method can also be a method for providing primary control power and / or secondary control power.
  • This makes it possible to implement a method for determining the state of charge of an accumulator in an unpredictable manner, in which at least one energy storage connected to the power supply depending on its state of charge to the power grid supplies energy as needed and / or absorbs energy from the power grid as needed does not suffer from the disadvantages of conventional methods.
  • the effect of the aging load can be determined more accurately by the method according to the invention.
  • a bandwidth within which the state of charge of the accumulator can be changed by charging or discharging to aim for a medium state of charge, proportional to a state of charge difference of the current state of charge of the accumulator is selected from a mean state of charge ,
  • the bandwidth depends linearly on the charge state difference of the current state of charge of the average state of charge.
  • the state of charge of the accumulator is determined continuously, wherein preferably the output from the accumulator to the power grid control power is regulated in dependence on the state of charge.
  • a further embodiment of the method according to the invention can provide that outside the bandwidth control power is provided as desired by the power grid operator and / or the amount of control power with respect to the frequency deviation in regions antiproportional to the frequency deviation of the grid frequency is provided, preferably linear to the frequency deviation.
  • a further embodiment of the invention can provide that, in the event of a change in the required control power, the time after the change, after which a control power is provided by the energy store, is selected as a function of the current state of charge of the battery. It can be provided that the time is in a time interval between the change in the required control power and a maximum time after the change, in particular, the time interval in the case of provision of primary control power is 30 seconds.
  • the use of such a rechargeable battery can be used in a surprisingly advantageous manner for the provision of control power for a power grid, without requiring, for example, accumulators with larger capacities.
  • the state of charge in the case of accumulators corresponds to the state of charge ("State- of-charge", SOC).
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by a device for carrying out such a method, wherein the device comprises at least one accumulator, a Control for controlling or regulating the stored and stored power, a computing unit for determining the state of charge of the accumulator and a data memory, wherein in the data memory, the data of the functional relationship between the state of charge and the open circuit voltage are stored and the arithmetic unit has access to the data memory ,
  • the accumulator is connected to a power supply in such a way that power can be fed into the power grid and removed from the power supply system by the device.
  • the device comprises an ammeter for determining the current intensity and preferably also the current direction of the current stored in the accumulator and the current flowing out of the accumulator and / or at least one thermocouple for determining the temperature of at least one galvanic element of the accumulator.
  • the accumulator is a lithium-ion accumulator, a lead-sulfuric acid accumulator, a nickel-cadmium accumulator, a sodium sulfide accumulator and / or a Li-ion accumulator and / or is a composite of at least two of these accumulators.
  • the device comprises a device for measuring the state of charge of the at least one accumulator and / or a device for measuring the frequency deviation of the network frequency from the nominal frequency and a data memory, wherein in the data memory preferably the average state of charge of the energy storage is stored, wherein the controller has access to the data memory and is designed to control the output and energy absorbed by the energy storage and control function depending on the state of charge of the energy store and / or the frequency deviation.
  • the invention is based on the surprising finding that it is possible by a discharge step or several additional discharge steps at a reduced discharge current, including the last remnants of the capacity of the accumulator to discharge and thus allow a much more accurate determination of the open circuit voltage of the discharged state of charge.
  • a method according to the invention can be carried out by using a variable capacitance of the galvanic cells or the accumulator depending on the C-rate and the temperature.
  • the calculated SOC reflects the actually removable capacity in the current operating state.
  • the SOC-OCV characteristic which is generated over a CV step until a limit voltage is reached, preferably below 3 V, is produced.
  • a limit voltage preferably below 3 V
  • the equivalent circuit is calculated using a series-connected virtual resistance Rs and a virtual parallel connection of a capacitor Cp and a resistor Rp.
  • Rs which is determined as a function of temperature, SOC and C rate.
  • Rp and Cp are constant. This takes account of the current operating state of the Battery. According to the invention, changes in the internal resistance due to aging can thus be taken into account.
  • the parameters Rs and the open circuit voltage of the equivalent electrical circuit diagram can be adjusted according to the invention in each step.
  • the error of the estimated voltage (U_ estimation) determines the adaptation.
  • the Coulomb counting is carried out according to the invention particularly preferably based on the last final SOC value, which has been corrected by calculations from electrical model.
  • the final correction step is carried out via the electrical model to the determined by the Coulomb counting open circuit voltage and thus determines the final Leerlausschreib.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention for determining the state of charge of a rechargeable battery and for providing control energy;
  • FIG. 2 a diagram for the accuracy of the SOC estimate with -1 A current measurement error using the algorithm of Roscher and Sauer;
  • FIG. 3 shows a diagram for the accuracy of the SOC estimation with +1 A current measurement error using the algorithm of Roscher and Sauer
  • FIG. 4 shows a diagram for the accuracy of the SOC estimate with -1 A current measurement error when using the algorithm according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a diagram for the accuracy of the SOC estimation with +1 A current measuring error when using the algorithm according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing the accuracy of the SOC estimate with -5 A current measurement error using the algorithm of Roscher and Sauer;
  • FIG. 7 a diagram for the accuracy of the SOC estimate with +5 A current measurement error using the algorithm of Roscher and Sauer
  • FIG. 8 shows a diagram for the accuracy of the SOC estimate with -5 A current measurement error when using the algorithm according to the invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows a diagram for the accuracy of the SOC estimate with +5 A current measurement error when using the algorithm according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device 1 according to the invention for determining the state of charge of a rechargeable battery 2 and for providing control energy.
  • the accumulator 2 is controlled and monitored by a control system 3.
  • the accumulator 2 is connected to a power grid 4 for receiving and delivering control energy.
  • the stored and stored energy is measured with an ammeter 5.
  • the ammeter 5 is connected to the control system 3.
  • a program is executed, so that a method according to the invention is carried out by the control system 3.
  • the control system 3 also controls the current strength of the stored and stored control power from the mains 4 in the accumulator. 2
  • a relationship between the no-load voltage of the accumulator 2 and the state of charge of the accumulator 2 is stored in a data memory of the control system 3.
  • the stored and stored control power and other factors can also be taken into account in order to determine the state of charge of the rechargeable battery 2 during operation.
  • the relationship between the open circuit voltage of the battery and the state of charge was determined as follows. First, the accumulator 2 is fully charged, whereby it is charged up to an upper cut-off voltage and then further to a turn-off. Subsequently, a certain period of time, for example half an hour is waited without the accumulator 2 in this time is operated.
  • the no-load voltage of the accumulator 2 is determined and this open-circuit voltage is assigned the state of charge 100%. Subsequently, the accumulator 2 is discharged in defined steps with a constant current and after similar waiting times again determines the open circuit voltage. When a threshold voltage of, for example, 50 V is reached, the current intensity of the discharge is reduced and as long as further no-load voltages are measured until a limit current intensity is undershot. The last measured no-load voltage is assigned a charge state of 0%. The idle voltages measured therebetween are assigned the corresponding intermediate values of the state of charge, wherein for the percentage of a discharge, the charge taken from the accumulator 2 is taken into account by the current intensity and the time over which the current is discharged.
  • a threshold voltage for example, 50 V
  • the corresponding value pairs or the reference curve and the mathematical relationship, which can be generated by a mathematical fit from the value pairs, is stored in the memory of the control system 2 and used to determine the state of charge of the accumulator 2. In this case, other known methods for determining the state of charge can be used.
  • control power can be delivered only at a greater frequency deviation of the mains frequency, if the state of charge of the battery 2 is too low and it can be taken control power only at a greater frequency deviation of the mains frequency, if the state of charge of the battery 2 is too high.
  • the capacity of the accumulator 2 can be kept lower than if a more inaccurate method of determining the state of charge were used.
  • FIGS. 2 to 9 diagrams for the accuracy of the SOC estimation with different current measurement errors are known using known algorithms Roscher and Sauer ( Figures 2, 3, 6 and 7), and according to a method of the invention ( Figures 4, 5, 8 and 9) shown.
  • the diagrams show the frequency of a measured deviation as a function of the percentage error. The deviation is due to a measurement error in the determination of the current and is for -1 A ( Figures 2 and 4) and +1 A ( Figures 3 and 5) and for - 5A ( Figures 6 and 8) and + 5A ( Figure 7 and 9) shown in the diagrams.
  • a measuring error of the current measurement of 5 A (FIGS. 6 and 7) and the method of Roscher and Sauer results in a maximum estimation error of 18%.
  • a Measuring error of the current measurement of 5 A ( Figures 8 and 9) and a method according to the invention results in a maximum estimation error of about 8%. In this case, 93% of the estimated values are at an estimation error of less than 5%.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé servant à établir l'état de charge d'un accumulateur. Dans ledit procédé, on détermine de manière empirique un lien fonctionnel entre l'état de charge et la tension de marche à vide de l'accumulateur. Au cours de la détermination dudit lien fonctionnel, l'accumulateur intégralement chargé au début est déchargé à l'aide de charges définies, puis on mesure des tensions de marche à vide à plusieurs phases de déchargement de l'accumulateur, les états de charge de l'accumulateur étant, directement après les mesures, associés aux tensions de marche à vide mesurées. Une fois le lien fonctionnel déterminé, et lors du fonctionnement de l'accumulateur à l'aide dudit lien fonctionnel, on établit l'état de charge à partir d'une évaluation de tension de marche à vide. Au cours de la détermination du lien fonctionnel entre l'état de charge et la tension de marche à vide, lors d'une première phase, l'accumulateur se décharge progressivement à des intensités de courant constantes jusqu'à atteindre une valeur inférieure à une tension limite. Puis, au cours d'une deuxième phase, l'intensité de courant est réduite lors d'une autre étape et l'accumulateur continue de se décharger jusqu'à atteindre une valeur inférieure à une intensité de courant limite. L'invention concerne également un dispositif servant à la mise en œuvre d'un procédé de ce type. Ledit dispositif comprend au moins un accumulateur, une commande servant à commander ou réguler la puissance accumulée et libérée, une unité de calcul servant à établir l'état de charge de l'accumulateur, et une mémoire de données. Les données du lien fonctionnel entre l'état de charge et la tension de marche à vide sont mémorisées dans la mémoire de données, à laquelle l'unité de calcul a accès.
PCT/EP2014/054432 2013-03-12 2014-03-07 Procédé servant à établir l'état de charge d'un accumulateur WO2014139878A1 (fr)

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DE102013102461.0A DE102013102461A1 (de) 2013-03-12 2013-03-12 Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Ladezustands eines Akkumulators

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CN110008485A (zh) * 2018-01-05 2019-07-12 宝沃汽车（中国）有限公司 电池组热模型的建模方法及系统

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CN110008485A (zh) * 2018-01-05 2019-07-12 宝沃汽车（中国）有限公司 电池组热模型的建模方法及系统

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