EP2777123A1 - Procédé pour mettre à disposition une puissance de régulation dans un réseau électrique - Google Patents

Procédé pour mettre à disposition une puissance de régulation dans un réseau électrique

Info

Publication number
EP2777123A1
EP2777123A1 EP12781075.2A EP12781075A EP2777123A1 EP 2777123 A1 EP2777123 A1 EP 2777123A1 EP 12781075 A EP12781075 A EP 12781075A EP 2777123 A1 EP2777123 A1 EP 2777123A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
power
control power
energy
control
frequency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12781075.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Georg Markowz
Wolfgang SCHWEISSTHAL
Carsten Kolligs
Wolfgang Deis
Anna FLEMMING
Michael Igel
Stefan WINTERHEIMER
Dennis GAMRAD
Sébastien COCHET
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Steag Power Saar GmbH
Evonik Operations GmbH
Original Assignee
Evonik Degussa GmbH
Evonik Industries AG
Steag Power Saar GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Evonik Degussa GmbH, Evonik Industries AG, Steag Power Saar GmbH filed Critical Evonik Degussa GmbH
Publication of EP2777123A1 publication Critical patent/EP2777123A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00711—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with introduction of pulses during the charging process
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for providing control power in a power grid.
  • Electricity grids are used to distribute electricity from many energy generators in large areas to many users and to supply households and industry with energy. Energy producers, usually in the form of power plants, provide the required energy. As a rule, power generation is planned and provided based on the forecasted consumption.
  • Both the generation and the consumption of energy can lead to unplanned fluctuations. These can arise on the energy producer side, for example, in that a power plant or part of the power grid fails or, for example, in the case of renewable energies such as wind, that the energy production is higher than predicted. Consumers may also experience unexpectedly high or low consumption. For example, the failure of a portion of the grid, which cuts off some consumers from the power supply, can lead to a sudden reduction in power consumption.
  • the desired AC frequency is, for example, 50 Hz in Europe.
  • a reduction in consumption compared to the plan leads to an increase in the frequency at scheduled power fed in by the energy producers, as well as an increase in electricity production compared to the planned consumption plan.
  • a reduction in the output of the energy producers compared to the plan leads to a reduction of the network frequency at scheduled consumption, as well as to an increase in consumption compared to the plan at scheduled production.
  • secondary control power SRL
  • minute reserve power MRL
  • SRL minute reserve power
  • hydropump storage systems are also often referred to as the currently most economical technology for storing and removing preferably renewable energies in order to be able to better match the energy supply and demand in terms of time.
  • the potential for expanding storage capacity - especially in Norway - is a matter of controversy, as significant capacity in power lines needs to be approved and installed for use. Consequently, the use for the energy management of load management is in competition with the provision of control power.
  • an energy management system which comprises a power generator and an energy store, wherein the energy store can be charged by the power generator.
  • This is intended to enable an energy producer, who in normal operation does not guarantee uniform energy production, such as the increasingly favored renewable energies, such as wind power or photovoltaic power plants, to distribute their energy more evenly into the power grid.
  • uniform energy production such as the increasingly favored renewable energies, such as wind power or photovoltaic power plants.
  • the disadvantage of this is that in this way a single power plant can be stabilized, but all other disturbances and fluctuations in the power network can not be intercepted or only to a very limited extent.
  • DE 10 2008 046 747 A1 also proposes operating an energy store in an island power grid in such a way that the energy store is used to compensate for consumption peaks and consumption minima.
  • the disadvantage hereof is that the energy stores do not have the necessary capacity to compensate for a longer disturbance or a plurality of disturbances rectified with respect to the frequency deviation one after the other.
  • control power is that the required components of such devices, such as a battery or a rechargeable battery, both terms are synonymous to be understood below, and an inverter or other components, must always be designed for full load operation.
  • a corresponding device is driven in full load operation, sometimes significantly less than 50% of the time.
  • a partial load operation is needed.
  • the efficiency of some of the components used depends in part heavily on the load. It is known, for example, that the efficiency of certain components is low at low load and only rises sharply with higher load.
  • an inverter is required to provide the control power to provide or receive the control power at the desired AC frequency, as is the case, for example, with battery storage for the provision of control power, additional losses due to the efficiency of the inverter occur.
  • the efficiency of an inverter is significantly better at high loads than at very low load, so that the provision of control power to a small extent, ie in the partial load range, is associated with increased losses.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • a method for providing control power is to be supplied, which allows a high efficiency in the control power supply.
  • the inventive method should also be able to provide the necessary control power as needed as quickly as possible.
  • the process should be as simple and inexpensive as possible.
  • This object is achieved by a method for the provision of control power for a power network, wherein the level of the provided control power is determined as a function of a deviation of the actual AC frequency from a nominal AC frequency of the power grid, wherein the provision of the control power to increase the efficiency is pulsed , wherein the control energy provided from the pulsed operation in a certain period of time corresponds to the control energy to be provided in the same period in a continuous operation of a control power source.
  • a certain period of time is to be understood as meaning a time interval at which control power has to be provided.
  • the provision of control power may be indicated, for example, by a request by the network operator or by a measured frequency deviation of the mains frequency from the nominal frequency (in Europe, for example, 50,000 Hz).
  • the period of time usually results from the type of control power and the corresponding regulations.
  • the length of the period is not critical, but this is to be chosen so that the control power is provided in accordance with the regulations. Because of the unsteady performance in the case of pulsed operation, brief, small deviations between the control energy provided by the pulsed and the continuous operation inevitably occur within a considered period of time.
  • a correspondence of the pulsating and continuous operation of the control energies are also to be understood as the cases in which the difference between the pulsating operation and the continuous energy supply does not at any time be greater than five times, preferably the double, especially the simple added energy content of the first and last pulse in the considered period corresponds.
  • a duty cycle according to DIN IEC 60469-1 is in the range of greater than zero to 1, in particular 0.05 to 0.9, preferably in a range of 0.1 to 0.5, and / or at least temporarily none Control power and alternately or staggered pulses are provided with a level of control power in a range of 2% to 35% of the rated power of a control power source, preferably in a range of 5% to 25% of the rated power.
  • the time intervals from the beginning of a pulse to the beginning of the subsequent pulse are limited to a maximum of 5 min Distance, preferably to a maximum of 2 minutes distance, especially preferably to a maximum of 30 seconds distance and most preferably to a maximum of 15 seconds distance.
  • the control power with a rising or falling, rising or falling edge, in particular an edge with a duration of 1 to 3 seconds, preferably 2 s, more preferably 1 s, is provided, and / or the control power is provided with a pulse having a, in particular multiple, stepped level of the pulse, so that during the duration of a pulse at the beginning and / or the end of the pulse only a portion of the control power to be provided is provided , and / or a power gradient in a range of magnitude 1 to 1000 kW per second, preferably 2 to 500 kW per second, most preferably 5 to 50 kW per second does not exceed.
  • the frequency and the number of pulses, the duty cycle of the pulses, the height of the pulses and / or the shape of the pulses to provide the requested control power depending on the inertia of the power grid and / or local transmission characteristics of a power grid, in particular in an impedance, capacity, and / or the like of the power network.
  • control power depending on the efficiency of a power generator, an energy storage, an energy consumer, an inverter, the inertia of the power grid, local transmission characteristics of a power grid and / or other components of a device for providing control power takes place.
  • the actual AC frequency of the power supply network is measured for a determination of the requested control power and, in the case of a deviation from a nominal AC frequency or a deviation from a tolerance range by a nominal AC frequency, control power is supplied to the mains or taken from the power grid and / or on a return of the actual AC frequency to the desired AC frequency or in the tolerance range, the control power is reduced, in particular to zero.
  • An over Pulse (pulses) provided control power allows an improvement of the efficiency of the device and the method for providing control power, since this, in particular when using accumulators, necessary Power electronics can be operated at a higher efficiency.
  • a pulse is to be understood as a time-limited, jerky current, voltage or power curve, whereby these pulses can also be used as a repetitive series of pulses.
  • the duty cycle according to DIN IEC 60469-1 can be selected depending on the type of power electronics and the control power to be provided, this in the range of greater than zero to 1, in particular in the range of 0.05 to 0.9, preferably in one area from 0.1 to 0.5.
  • control power is provided with an energy store, a power generator and / or an energy consumer.
  • control power supplies in this context are devices that can provide control power, but that do not represent energy storage.
  • the regular service providers include in particular energy producers and energy consumers.
  • a power plant is used as the energy generator, preferably a coal-fired power plant, a gas-fired power plant and / or a hydroelectric power station and / or a plant for producing a substance is used as an energy consumer, in particular an electrolysis plant or a metal plant, preferably an aluminum plant or a steel plant.
  • Such energy producers and consumers are well suited to providing longer-term balancing services but are sluggish. They can be dynamized well with suitable energy storage devices.
  • a flywheel a heat storage, a hydrogen generator with fuel cell, a natural gas generator with gas power plant, a pumped storage power plant, a compressed air storage power plant, a superconducting magnetic energy storage, a redox flow element and / or a galvanic element is preferably used, an accumulator or combinations ("pools") of memories or memories with conventional control power sources or of memories with consumers and / or power generators.
  • a heat storage device operated as an energy store must be operated together with a device for producing electricity from the stored heat energy.
  • Accumulators include, in particular, lead-acid batteries, sodium-nickel-chloride accumulators, sodium-sulfur accumulators, nickel-iron accumulators, nickel-cadmium accumulators, nickel-metal hydride accumulators, nickel-hydrogen accumulators.
  • accumulators are preferred, which have a high efficiency and a high operational and calendar life.
  • the preferred accumulators accordingly include, in particular, lithium-ion accumulators (for example lithium-polymer accumulators, lithium titanate accumulators, lithium-manganese accumulators, lithium-iron-phosphate accumulators, lithium-iron-manganese-phosphate Accumulators, lithium iron yttrium phosphate accumulators) and developments thereof, such as lithium-air accumulators, lithium-sulfur accumulators and tin-sulfur lithium ion accumulators.
  • lithium-ion accumulators for example lithium-polymer accumulators, lithium titanate accumulators, lithium-manganese accumulators, lithium-iron-phosphate accumulators, lithium-iron-manganese-phosphate Accumulators, lithium iron yttrium phosphate accumulators
  • developments thereof such as lithium-air accumulators, lithium-sulfur accumulators and tin-s
  • lithium-ion secondary batteries are particularly suitable for methods according to the invention because of their rapid reaction time, that is, both in terms of the response time and the rate at which the power can be increased or reduced.
  • the efficiency is good, especially for Li-ion batteries.
  • preferred accumulators exhibit a high power to capacity ratio, this characteristic being known as the C rate.
  • an energy of at least 4 kWh can be stored in the energy store, preferably of at least 10 kWh, particularly preferably at least 50 kWh, very particularly preferably at least 250 kW h.
  • the energy storage device can have a capacity of 1 Ah, preferably 10 Ah and particularly preferably 100 Ah.
  • this memory can advantageously be operated with a voltage of at least 1 V, preferably at least 10 V and particularly preferably at least 100 V.
  • the desired state of charge of the energy store may preferably be in the range from 20 to 80% of the capacity, more preferably in the range from 40 to 60%. Compliance with and / or the return to these state of charge areas can be achieved, for example, by using the mode of operation on which this invention is based and / or via the energy trade, which was explained in more detail above, via the power grid.
  • the state of charge corresponds in particular in the case of accumulators as an energy store, the charge state (State-of-Charge, SoC) or the energy content (StateofEnergie, SoE).
  • the desired state of charge of the energy store may depend on forecast data.
  • consumption data can be used to determine the optimum state of charge, which depends on the time of day, the day of the week and / or the season.
  • a permanent provision of control power can be achieved without any limitation in terms of a state of charge or capacity of the energy storage or the capacity can be chosen significantly smaller.
  • the energy reserve can supply or dissipate or offset the energy in the energy store that the energy store increasingly feeds into the network or out of the network due to this trend in the deviation has taken to effect a control to the default frequency. This generally requires relatively low energies.
  • the control power supplier can at least partially replace the energy store.
  • the power generator and / or the energy consumer has or have a nominal power of at least 5 kW, preferably at least 20 kW, more preferably at least 100 KW and most preferably of 1 MW.
  • At least two, preferably three or more, energy storage, energy producers and / or energy consumers are operated together for a provision of control power (pool), wherein the control power, at least up to a fixed proportion of the rated power of the entire pool, alternating at least one energy store, at least one energy store and at least one energy generator and / or at least one energy store, in particular the energy store in the form of a rechargeable battery and / or a battery storage power plant, particularly preferably in the form of a lithium-ion rechargeable battery, and at least one energy consumer is provided; while preferably the other energy storage, energy producers and / or energy consumers provide no control power.
  • the control power at least up to a fixed proportion of the rated power of the entire pool, alternating at least one energy store, at least one energy store and at least one energy generator and / or at least one energy store, in particular the energy store in the form of a rechargeable battery and / or a battery storage power plant, particularly preferably in the form of a lithium-ion rechargeable battery, and
  • control power in a first power supply range from 0% of the nominal power to 80% of the rated power of a control power source, in particular in a range of 0% of rated power to 50% of the rated power of a control power source, preferably a range of 0% of Rated power to 35% of the rated power of a control power source, more preferably a range of 0% of rated power to 20% of the rated power of a control power source, pulsed and provided in a second power delivery area, with a higher control power to be provided, the control power is continuously provided.
  • At least two, preferably three or more, energy storage, energy generator and / or energy consumers are operated together for a provision of control power, the control power alternately of at least one energy storage, at least one energy storage and at least one energy generator or at least one energy storage and at least one energy consumer is provided, while preferably the other energy storage, energy producers and / or energy consumers provide no control power.
  • the invention also provides a device for carrying out a method according to the invention, wherein it can be provided in particular that the device comprises a controller or a controller and an inverter, wherein in particular the energy generator, the energy storage and / or the energy consumer by means of the inverter with the power supply in Active connection can be brought and / or are and controls the control of the provision of control power, wherein a pulsed emission or absorption of energy from or into the energy storage, the power generator and / or the energy consumer is controllable or regulated.
  • the device comprises a measuring means for measuring the actual AC frequency of the power network and a memory, and the controller or the control in the memory, in particular in a memory of a computer for determining the control power to be provided, deposited nominal grid frequency compares the detected actual AC frequency and, based on this comparison, regulates the provision of the control power.
  • the invention is thus based on the surprising finding that the efficiency of a device for providing control power can be increased considerably by a method in which the requested control power is not pulsed but continuous is provided so that the arithmetic mean of the pulses corresponds to the requested control energy.
  • the present invention utilizes that in multi-consumer and multi-generator power networks, the pulsed mode of operation is "smeared" by the many other loads of the grid, that is, the sharp pulses provided by the method increase due to the inertia of the grid balanced to a middle value.
  • a control power is always required when the actual AC frequency in a power grid deviates from the desired AC frequency. It may also be provided that within a frequency band, in Germany, for example, in a frequency band of ⁇ 10 mHz to the target AC frequency of 50 Hz, no control power must be provided. A limit at which the maximum possible control power must be provided is set at ⁇ 200 mHz in Europe.
  • control power In the area between these values, only a certain proportion of the maximum or nominal control power, ie the rated power of a control power source, is to be fed into the power grid in Europe. In order to prevent a poorer efficiency of the components of a device for providing control power occurring in this intermediate region, it has proved to be advantageous if the control power is provided pulsed. Due to the inertia of the power grid, the control energy effectively provided corresponds to the arithmetic mean of the supplied control power pulses.
  • control power for a given nominal power is provided by the provider to the network operator.
  • the nominal power is to be understood as meaning the power with which the control power source, which is operated by a method according to the invention, is at least prequalified.
  • the prequalification performance may be higher than the nominal power provided to the network operator at maximum.
  • This nominal power can also be referred to as contracted maximum power, as this power is provided to the grid at maximum.
  • this rated power according to the invention can be at least in the range of the maximum power of the power generator or the energy consumer.
  • no control power and alternately or staggered pulses are provided with a level of control power in a range of 2% to 35% of the nominal power of a control power source, preferably 20% of rated power in a range of 5% to 25% of the nominal power or with pulses of a level of control power with optimum efficiency of the power generators, power consumers and / or other components of a control power source is provided.
  • the resulting effective control power and thus the control energy provided can be adjusted for example via the duty cycle, the frequency and / or the height of the pulses.
  • any intermediate values of the control power between zero and the rated power can always be provided with the optimum achievable efficiency of the device operated by the method according to the invention.
  • control power pulsed according to the invention is smoothed with a comparatively low requested control power for stabilizing the actual AC frequency in comparison to the overall power of the power grid.
  • a control power pulsed according to the invention is smoothed with a comparatively low requested control power for stabilizing the actual AC frequency in comparison to the overall power of the power grid.
  • the frequency, the number, the duty cycle, the height and the form, the edges and / or the gradation of the pulses can be determined both by the requested control power and by the effect of the pulses on the power network and the total number of pulses Among other things, the effects of the pulses on the power grid of its inertia and the electrical network characteristics, in particular depending on a connection to the low or high voltage network, as well as an influence of impedance, capacitance and resistance of the respective network in the vicinity of the terminal , depend.
  • the exact design of the pulse height, ie the power of a pulse, in particular in relation to the maximum power or rated power can also be determined depending on the efficiency of the energy storage, energy producer, energy consumer, an inverter or other components used.
  • the frequency, the number, the duty cycle, the height and the shape, the flanks and / or the gradation of the pulses are determined by specifications that the transmission system operator depends, for example, on the time of day, the day of the week and / or the season power. For example, in a period of 5 minutes before to 5 minutes after the hour change Design options are more narrowly defined or excluded. This is due to the fact that often very rapid frequency changes take place here. It may be in the interest of transmission system operators that lower disturbances are caused here and thus the control energy supply is made more secure in the sense of sharper.
  • the required control power For a determination of the required control power, it can be provided that the actual AC frequency of the power grid is measured. The measured actual AC frequency is compared with the desired AC frequency and from this comparison, the effective control power to be provided can be determined.
  • a power plant is used as the energy producer, preferably a coal-fired power station, gas-fired power plant or a hydroelectric power plant and / or a plant for producing a substance is used as an energy consumer, in particular an electrolysis plant or a metal plant, preferably an aluminum plant or a steel plant.
  • the power generator can positive control power, ie control power to increase the actual AC frequency of the power grid, and by means of the power consumers negative control power, ie control power to reduce the actual AC frequency of the power supply can be provided.
  • positive balancing power is also or will be provided by energy consumers by reducing consumption and / or negative balancing capacity also by producers by reducing production. If an excessively high actual AC frequency is measured, this can be reduced by targeted, pulsed connection of an energy consumer. If a too low actual AC frequency is measured, providing positive pulsed control power by a power generator increases the actual AC frequency.
  • the energy storage device may be in the form of, for example, a flywheel, a fuel cell hydrogen generator and storage, a hydrogen gas turbine, a hydrogen engine, a natural gas generator with a gas power plant, a pumped storage power plant, a compressed air storage power plant, a superconducting magnetic energy storage, a redox flow element, and / or a galvanic element, preferably an accumulator and / or a battery storage power plant, particularly preferably a lithium-ion accumulator, are provided.
  • the energy storage can also be operated together with a power generator and / or an energy consumer.
  • lithium-ion secondary batteries are particularly suitable for methods according to the invention because of their rapid reaction time, that is, both in terms of the response time and the rate at which the power can be increased or reduced.
  • the efficiency is good, especially for Li-ion batteries.
  • preferred accumulators exhibit a high power to capacity ratio, this characteristic being known as the C rate.
  • an energy storage, an energy generator and / or an energy consumer with a maximum power or rated power of at least 1 kW, 5 kW, 10 kW, 20 kW, 100 kW, 500 kW, or 1 MW are used.
  • An apparatus for carrying out a method according to the invention may comprise an energy store, a power generator, an energy consumer, a controller and preferably an inverter, wherein in particular the energy store is connected by the inverter to a power grid and the controller controls the provision of the control power.
  • the apparatus may comprise a measuring means for measuring the actual AC frequency of the power grid and a memory. Furthermore, it can be provided that a computer with a memory is included. In particular, the desired AC frequency is stored in the memory and the power to be provided in the event of a deviation from this. In this case, the measuring means can continuously measure the actual AC frequency, this value preferably being continuously compared with the desired AC frequency, so that based on this comparison and the stored power requirement, the control power and the mode of operation (pulsed or continuous) of the device is regulated ,
  • Figure 1 a schematic P-f diagram of the quasi-static request to a
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the efficiency of an inverter in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic Pt diagram with an exemplary profile of a provision of control power according to the prior art
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic P-t diagram with an exemplary course of a pulsed provision of control power according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic P-t diagram with an exemplary profile of an edge rise according to the invention of a control power pulse
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic P-t diagram with an exemplary profile of a stepped control power pulse according to the invention
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic P-t diagram with an exemplary course of a pulsed provision according to the invention and a continuous one
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic P-t diagram with an alternative exemplary course of a pulsed provision according to the invention and a continuous provision of control power as a function of threshold values.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic Pf diagram 1 of the requirement for provision of control power 3 in percent of the nominal power P / P ma x of a control power source (not shown) as a function of a deviation f of an actual AC frequency from a nominal AC frequency of a power grid in Germany ,
  • the provision of the control power 3 increases in magnitude with the amount of deviation of the actual AC frequency from the desired AC frequency.
  • the deviation of the actual AC frequency in a range of magnitude well below 200 mHz, so that a much lower control power than the nominal power must be provided as a control power.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram 5 of the efficiency of an inverter as a function of the power P to be generated.
  • the efficiency 7 varies depending on the power P, the efficiency ⁇ at higher powers is better than at very low power.
  • operation of the inverter, or other components of a control power source is more advantageous at rated power or high power than at very low loads. It may be advantageous if the control power is provided with at least 15%, preferably 20%, of the rated power of a control power source in order to ensure a sufficiently high efficiency of the components used.
  • FIG. 3 shows, by way of example, a schematic P-t diagram 9 with an exemplary profile of a provision of control power 11.
  • Such a course of the provision of control power corresponds to the prior art. It can be provided, as shown, that passing through the deviation of the actual AC frequency from the nominal AC frequency by a dead band in the range of an absolute deviation of an actual AC frequency from the nominal AC frequency of 10 MHz leads to that in the relevant time interval no service is provided. Between positive and negative control power can thus be a finite band in which, as shown in Figure 3, no control power is provided. If the absolute deviation is greater than the deadband, there is a sudden increase in the control power to, for example, 5% of a nominal power of a control power source (not shown).
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic P-t diagram 13 with an exemplary profile of a pulsed provision of control power according to the invention.
  • the control energy or equivalent control power 17 (dashed curve) provided by a plurality of pulses 14, which is provided from a pulsed operation, corresponds to the control energy to be provided in the same time period during a continuous operation of a control power source.
  • pulses 14 of different distances, that is different durations in which no power is provided and by the width of the pulses 14, a desired resulting control power 17 can be provided at high efficiency.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic P-t diagram 19 with an exemplary profile of an edge rise 21 according to the invention, a slope drop 25 and a pulse 23 for the provision of control power. It is shown that an increase in edge 21 takes place in a period of 1 s and only after this time the desired percentage of the nominal power of the control power is provided, in the example given a desired percentage of the rated power of a control power source, not shown, of 20%. An edge fall 25 occurs in the time between 3 s and 4 s, so that the time for the transition from the provision of the percentage of the rated power of the control power to the end of the control pulse is also 1 s.
  • flank rise or fall should advantageously comprise at least a period of at least 0.5 s. Basically, it can be ensured by way of the flanks 21, 25 that no undue or unwanted suggestions of disturbances and vibrations in the power grid or in the connected consumers and / or generators due to a too steep power gradient of the control power source, not shown.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic Pt diagram 27 with an exemplary profile of a control power pulse 29 graded according to the invention.
  • a specific control power is initially provided in a first stage 31, as shown by way of example in FIG. 6, a control power of 10% of the nominal power of a control power source (not shown).
  • a flank 21 ' connects.
  • the increase in the provision of the desired control power of the pulse 29 is delayed, so that it is provided in response to the edge rise of the edge 21 ' only after a certain time, in particular after a time of more than 1 s.
  • control power it can be provided, as it were, that a further edge 25 ' and a further step 33 from the control power pulse 29 is formed, so that over the example realized flank waste 25 ' and the further stage 33, the control power provided is reduced.
  • these periods are also only to be understood as examples and can be varied, for example, as a function of the inertia of a power network (not shown) or the width of the pulses 29.
  • gradations 31, 33 including multiple gradations, and various variants and embodiments of flanks 21 ' , 25 ' , of ascents and descents, can be realized in an advantageous manner and can be dependent on the network characteristics and in particular with respect to a minimization of suggestions be provided by disturbances and / or vibrations in the power grid.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic Pt diagram 35 with an exemplary profile of a pulsed provision of control power 37 ' according to the invention in combination with a continuous provision of control power 37 as a function of threshold values 39, 41.
  • This combination of pulsed and continuous provision of control power has the particular advantage that at higher requested control power the loads of a power supply to a pulsed provision are minimized, but achieved because of the higher amount of the requested control power as it were sufficient efficiency at the components of a control power source, not shown can be.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic Pt diagram 49 with an alternative exemplary profile of a pulsed provision of control power 37 ' according to the invention in combination with a continuous provision of control power 37 as a function of threshold values 39, 41.
  • pulses 43 ' with a power with a height of 40% of the rated power of a control power source are shown. These The power of the pulses 43 ' depends on freely selected threshold values 45, 47, although of course any other threshold values 45, 47 can also be selected.
  • the embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 8 clarifies that a transition from pulsed control energy provision to continuous supply of control energy can take place independently of the magnitude of the pulses and also that the height of the pulses can be selected almost arbitrarily.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé pour mettre à disposition une puissance de régulation pour un réseau électrique, la hauteur de la puissance de régulation mise à disposition étant déterminée en fonction d'un écart entre la fréquence de courant alternatif réelle et une fréquence de courant alternatif théorique du réseau électrique, la mise à disposition de la puissance de régulation étant réalisée par impulsions pour augmenter le rendement, l'énergie de régulation mise à disposition dans un laps de temps déterminé à partir des impulsions correspondant à l'énergie de régulation à mettre à disposition dans le même laps de temps lors d'un fonctionnement continu d'une source de puissance de régulation.
EP12781075.2A 2011-11-10 2012-10-29 Procédé pour mettre à disposition une puissance de régulation dans un réseau électrique Withdrawn EP2777123A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011055252A DE102011055252A1 (de) 2011-11-10 2011-11-10 Verfahren zur Bereitstellung von Regelleistung für ein Stromnetz
PCT/EP2012/071348 WO2013068258A1 (fr) 2011-11-10 2012-10-29 Procédé pour mettre à disposition une puissance de régulation dans un réseau électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2777123A1 true EP2777123A1 (fr) 2014-09-17

Family

ID=47137696

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12781075.2A Withdrawn EP2777123A1 (fr) 2011-11-10 2012-10-29 Procédé pour mettre à disposition une puissance de régulation dans un réseau électrique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20140309801A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2777123A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102011055252A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013068258A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012113051A1 (de) 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 Evonik Industries Ag Verfahren zur Erbringung von Regelleistung zur Stabilisierung eines Wechselstromnetzes, umfassend einen Energiespeicher
DE102013206992A1 (de) * 2013-04-18 2014-10-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Bereitstellung negativer Regelleistung durch eine Gasturbine
US10074986B2 (en) 2013-05-23 2018-09-11 Caterva Gmbh System for providing a primary control power for a power grid
US9709035B2 (en) 2014-09-03 2017-07-18 General Electric Company System and method for regulating power in a wind farm
DE102018133641A1 (de) * 2018-12-27 2020-07-02 Sma Solar Technology Ag Elektrolysevorrichtung mit einem umrichter und verfahren zur bereitstellung von momentanreserveleistung für ein wechselspannungsnetz
CN111953247B (zh) * 2020-06-05 2021-11-05 国网电力科学研究院有限公司 一种水电机组功率精细调节控制方法及装置
CA3188123A1 (fr) * 2022-01-31 2023-07-31 Bloom Energy Corporation Electrolyseur de support de reseau
DE102022132668A1 (de) 2022-12-08 2024-06-13 RWE Supply & Trading GmbH Bereitstellung von Regelleistung basierend auf einem Frequenztrigger

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2361118B (en) * 2000-04-07 2002-05-29 Responsiveload Ltd Responsive load system
GB2407440B (en) * 2003-09-23 2006-02-22 Responsiveload Ltd Grid stabilising system
US7554220B2 (en) * 2004-07-19 2009-06-30 The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. Stable power supplying apparatus
JP4945077B2 (ja) 2004-12-03 2012-06-06 シャープ株式会社 蓄電設備管理システム
WO2007104167A1 (fr) * 2006-03-16 2007-09-20 Abb Research Ltd Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un système de stockage d'énergie de batterie (bess) et système de stockage d'énergie de batterie associé
JP5100132B2 (ja) 2007-01-18 2012-12-19 株式会社東芝 周波数調整システムおよび周波数調整方法
US7782644B2 (en) * 2007-03-03 2010-08-24 Sadwick Laurence P Method and apparatus for supplying power
US7772716B2 (en) * 2007-03-27 2010-08-10 Newdoll Enterprises Llc Distributed maximum power point tracking system, structure and process
DE102008024222A1 (de) * 2007-08-14 2009-02-26 Karl-Friedrich Schilling Elektrotechnik Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung von Regelleistung im Energieversorgungsbereich zur Frequenzstabilisierung eines elektrischen Netzes
DE102008046747A1 (de) 2008-09-11 2010-03-18 Hoppecke Advanced Battery Technology Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Produktionssystems und/oder einer lokalen Anlage im Inselbetrieb
US7839027B2 (en) 2008-10-09 2010-11-23 The Aes Corporation Frequency responsive charge sustaining control of electricity storage systems for ancillary services on an electrical power grid
US8068352B2 (en) * 2008-12-19 2011-11-29 Caterpillar Inc. Power inverter control for grid-tie transition
FR2943188B1 (fr) * 2009-03-11 2013-04-12 Renault Sas Dispositif de charge rapide pour un vehicule electrique.
US8338987B2 (en) * 2010-02-26 2012-12-25 General Electric Company Power generation frequency control
US8478452B2 (en) * 2010-04-06 2013-07-02 Battelle Memorial Institute Grid regulation services for energy storage devices based on grid frequency

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *
See also references of WO2013068258A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2013068258A1 (fr) 2013-05-16
DE102011055252A1 (de) 2013-05-16
US20140309801A1 (en) 2014-10-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2777123A1 (fr) Procédé pour mettre à disposition une puissance de régulation dans un réseau électrique
EP2777120B1 (fr) Procédé pour fournir une puissance de régulation en utilisant des accumulateurs d'énergie
EP2777125B1 (fr) Procede pour fournir une puissance de régulation au moyen d'un accumulateur d'énergie à largeur de bande morte variable lors de la fourniture de la puissance
EP2777124A1 (fr) Procede pour fournir une puissance de régulation au moyen d'un accumulateur d'énergie en mettant a profit des tolerances lors de la fourniture de la puissance
DE102011055225A1 (de) Verfahren zur Bereitstellung von Regelleistung
EP2777121B1 (fr) Procede pour fournir une puissance de régulation au moyen d'un accumulateur d'énergie en mettant a profit des tolerances au moment de la fourniture de la puissance de régulation
WO2013068256A1 (fr) Procede pour fournir une puissance de régulation au moyen d'un accumulateur d'énergie en mettant a profit des tolerances lors de la détermination de l'écart de fréquence
WO2013068267A1 (fr) Procede pour fournir une puissance de régulation en tenant compte d'une fréquence nominale variable
EP3136532A1 (fr) Systeme et procede de realisation d'une puissance de regulation pour un reseau electrique
WO2014095346A2 (fr) Procédé de fourniture de puissance de réglage en vue de stabiliser un réseau à courant alternatif
WO2014095457A2 (fr) Procédé de fourniture de puissance de réglage en vue de stabiliser un réseau à courant alternatif, faisant intervenir un accumulateur d'énergie
EP2777117A2 (fr) Procédé pour fournir une puissance de régulation
WO2013068247A2 (fr) Procédé pour fournir une puissance de régulation au moyen d'un générateur d'énergie et d'un consommateur d'énergie
WO2014180839A1 (fr) Procédé de fourniture de puissance de réglage à un réseau électrique au moyen d'un accumulateur
WO2014180830A1 (fr) Procédé de fourniture de puissance de réglage à un réseau électrique au moyen d'un accumulateur
WO2013068233A2 (fr) Procede pour fournir une puissance de régulation en vue de stabiliser un réseau de courant alternatif
WO2014095343A2 (fr) Procédé de fonctionnement d'accumulateurs d'énergie
WO2014139878A1 (fr) Procédé servant à établir l'état de charge d'un accumulateur
WO2017133811A1 (fr) Dispositif de commande d'une pluralité d'accumulateurs d'énergie, réseau d'alimentation en énergie et procédé
EP3340416A1 (fr) Unité de commande

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20140424

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: IGEL, MICHAEL

Inventor name: WINTERHEIMER, STEFAN

Inventor name: GAMRAD, DENNIS

Inventor name: KOLLIGS, CARSTEN

Inventor name: COCHET, SEBASTIEN

Inventor name: SCHWEISSTHAL, WOLFGANG

Inventor name: MARKOWZ, GEORG

Inventor name: FLEMMING, ANNA

Inventor name: DEIS, WOLFGANG

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: STEAG POWER SAAR GMBH

Owner name: EVONIK DEGUSSA GMBH

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20180126

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20180807