WO2014139764A1 - Dispositif détecteur et procédé de détection d'un gaz dans un mélange gazeux - Google Patents

Dispositif détecteur et procédé de détection d'un gaz dans un mélange gazeux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014139764A1
WO2014139764A1 PCT/EP2014/053065 EP2014053065W WO2014139764A1 WO 2014139764 A1 WO2014139764 A1 WO 2014139764A1 EP 2014053065 W EP2014053065 W EP 2014053065W WO 2014139764 A1 WO2014139764 A1 WO 2014139764A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
reference electrode
measuring
electrode
sensor device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/053065
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Philipp NOLTE
Richard Fix
Andreas Krauss
Kathy Sahner
Denis Kunz
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2014139764A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014139764A1/fr

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/403Cells and electrode assemblies
    • G01N27/406Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
    • G01N27/407Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
    • G01N27/4075Composition or fabrication of the electrodes and coatings thereon, e.g. catalysts
    • G01N27/4076Reference electrodes or reference mixtures
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/403Cells and electrode assemblies
    • G01N27/406Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
    • G01N27/407Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
    • G01N27/41Oxygen pumping cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sensor device for detecting a gas in a gas mixture, to a method for detecting a gas in a gas mixture and to a corresponding control device.
  • Components of lambda probes in the design both as a jump and as a broadband probe, are a reference electrode and a measuring electrode, which are in communication with an electrolyte. During operation of the lambda probe, electrical voltages of the reference electrode relative to the
  • Reference electrode either facing an air reference channel of the air side or introduced into the interior of the ceramic sensor and is surrounded by a porous layer. In the latter case, in order to avoid a critical overpressure in the interior of the sensor, the oxygen is conducted via the porous layer to the air side, where it exits from the sensor element.
  • the gas sensor has an electrochemical cell with at least one
  • Reference electrode and a measuring electrode In the jumping probe, the measuring electrode is in contact with the exhaust gas.
  • a broadband probe with the gas in the cavity, which is usually the exhaust gas that has been modified by pumping in or out of oxygen at the oxygen pumping cell. Disclosure of the invention
  • a sensor device for detecting a gas in a gas mixture a method for detecting a gas in a gas mixture and a
  • diffusion-limiting layer or a diffusion-limiting
  • Layer system in a sensor for gas measurement allows separation of the reference electrode of a gas mixture such as exhaust gas.
  • a gas mixture such as exhaust gas.
  • the structure of the sensor can be simplified. In addition, it is no longer necessary to position the sensor in a housing so that it is partially on the air side.
  • a sensor device for detecting a gas in a gas mixture has the following features: a measuring electrode having a measuring surface for coming into contact with the gas mixture or a modified form of the gas mixture; a reference electrode; an electrolyte disposed between the measuring electrode and the reference electrode; and a diffusion limiting capping layer disposed on a surface of the reference electrode facing away from the electrolyte, wherein an inner surface of the capping layer contacts the reference electrode and one outer surface of the cover layer for coming into contact with the
  • the sensor device can, for example, for exhaust gas measurement in a
  • the gas mixture can u. a.
  • Oxygen and gaseous residues of burned fuel for operation of the vehicle include.
  • the sensor device can be used to determine a proportion of the gas in the gas mixture.
  • the gas mixture can be guided past the sensor device in a gas stream, for example in an air channel.
  • the measuring electrode and the reference electrode may be made of metal or comprise metal.
  • the measuring electrode can be arranged so that its measuring surface is exposed as directly as possible to the gas mixture flowing past the sensor device. This is the case with a jump probe.
  • the measuring electrode may be arranged in a cavity, which differs from a diffusion barrier at the
  • the gas mixture may be modified at the measuring electrode by pumping or pumping of oxygen, due to the function of the oxygen pumping cell, and thus be present as a modified gas mixture.
  • the gas at the measuring electrode which corresponds to a Nernst electrode in broadband lambda sensors, may not have the same composition as the gas mixture itself. Below the measuring surface, a portion of an outer surface of the
  • Measuring electrode to be understood which has the same material composition as the rest of the measuring electrode.
  • opposite surface of the measuring electrode may be firmly connected to the electrolyte.
  • One of the surfaces facing away from the electrolyte surface facing the reference electrode can be fixed to the
  • the covering layer may for example comprise a ceramic material.
  • the porosity of the cover layer may be formed by a plurality of regularly distributed or irregularly distributed and at least partially interconnected, small cavities in the cover layer.
  • the diffusion-limiting or porous cover layer can be so on the
  • the reference electrode Be applied reference electrode that they apart the reference electrode completely separates from an adjacent to the electrolyte region of the gas mixture. In this way, the reference electrode can not be in direct contact with the gas mixture, but by the
  • the diffusion-limiting cover layer to be separated from the gas mixture.
  • the diffusion-limiting cover layer may have a low gas permeability.
  • the electrolyte may be, for example, a
  • the arrangement of the measuring electrode, the reference electrode and the electrolyte can be used in the sensor device for generating a current flow from the measuring electrode to the reference electrode and from the reference electrode to the measuring electrode.
  • the measuring surface of the measuring electrode is coated on a side facing away from the electrolyte with a porous layer.
  • the measuring electrode may also be covered with a porous layer.
  • the measuring electrode thus comes into contact with the gas mixture via the porous layer.
  • the porous layer may be a protective layer.
  • the senor device the
  • diffusion-limiting cover completely cover the surface of the reference electrode facing away from the electrolyte.
  • the diffusion-limiting cover layer may be applied to the reference electrode in such a way that it extends beyond the surface of the reference electrode facing away from the electrolyte onto a surface of the electrolyte adjoining the reference electrode. This can ensure that the reference electrode is completely separated from the air channel surrounding the sensor device.
  • the diffusion-limiting cover only partially cover the facing away from the electrolyte surface of the reference electrode.
  • the electrolyte may be conductive to ions of the gas.
  • an electrical voltage gradient between the measuring electrode and the reference electrode can be produced in a simple manner, which is necessary in order to be able to detect the gas or its proportion of the gas mixture.
  • the electrolyte may also be designed to pump ions of the gas from the measuring electrode to the reference electrode when a pumping voltage is applied between the measuring electrode and the reference electrode.
  • the gas may represent oxygen and the electrolyte may be conductive to ions of oxygen.
  • the gas may represent oxygen and the electrolyte may be conductive to ions of oxygen.
  • the diffusion-limiting cover layer may be formed in order to form a depot of gas emitted by the reference electrode at the surface of the reference electrode facing away from the electrolyte during operation of the sensor device.
  • the adjacent to the reference electrode may be formed in order to form a depot of gas emitted by the reference electrode at the surface of the reference electrode facing away from the electrolyte during operation of the sensor device.
  • Gas depot can be used as a reference gas in order to be able to determine a concentration of the gas in the gas mixture in a measuring operation of the sensor device.
  • a porosity of the diffusion-limiting cover layer may be formed so that both a leakage of the gas from the
  • diffusion-limiting cover layer as well as penetration of a further gas is inhibited in the diffusion-limiting cover layer.
  • the other gas may be at least a portion of the
  • Embodiment can be prevented by simple means atomic connections between the gas and molecular components of the other gas and be created according to the depot.
  • the required material properties of the diffusion-limiting cover layer can be determined by the size, number and distribution of the porosity-forming cavities in the
  • Covering be provided in a simple manner. Also about one Total thickness of the cover layer can be optimally influenced here depot formation. Since the porosity of the cover layer at the same time allows a slight escape of the gas from the cover layer, as an additional effect, a flaking of the cover layer due to a too high gas concentration at the surface facing away from the electrolyte
  • the sensor device may comprise a device which may be designed to apply a pumping voltage or a pumping current for pumping ions of the gas from the measuring electrode through the electrolyte to the reference electrode and / or to pick off a measuring voltage applied between the measuring electrode and the reference electrode to capture the gas.
  • the device may, for example, as a voltage source and additionally or alternatively as a voltage measuring device or
  • a sensor system comprises a sensor device according to one of the embodiments explained above and a mixed gas chamber, wherein the
  • Gas mixture chamber is formed to the gas mixture along the
  • the gas mixture chamber may be configured to bring the gas mixture both in contact with the measuring electrode and in contact with the diffusion-limiting cover layer.
  • the sensor system can be arranged in an exhaust gas system of a vehicle.
  • the gas mixture chamber may have a first opening to the gas mixture, such as exhaust gas from the engine compartment of the vehicle, in the
  • Admit sensor system and having a second opening to after the measurement by the arranged in the gas mixture chamber
  • the senor system can be used to provide a
  • Sensor system be part of a lambda probe or a lambda sensor.
  • the sensor system with a control unit, for. B. a central control unit of the vehicle to be coupled.
  • a method for detecting a gas in a gas mixture with a sensor device comprising a measuring electrode with a measuring surface, a reference electrode, between the measuring electrode and the
  • Reference electrode arranged electrolyte and a diffusion-limiting cover layer, wherein the diffusion-limiting cover layer is disposed on a side remote from the electrolyte surface of the reference electrode, that an inner surface of the cover layer the
  • Reference electrode contacted and an outer surface of the cover layer is formed for coming into contact with the gas mixture comprises the following steps:
  • Reference electrode to receive ions of the gas from the measuring electrode to the
  • the method may be performed in conjunction with a previously discussed sensor system. Also by this embodiment of the invention in the form of a method, the object underlying the invention can be solved quickly and efficiently.
  • the present invention further provides a control device, which is designed to the steps of the inventive method in connection with
  • a control device can be understood to mean an electrical device which processes sensor signals and outputs control and / or data signals in dependence thereon.
  • the control unit may have an interface, which may be formed in hardware and / or software. In a hardware training, the interfaces may for example be part of a so-called system ASICs, the various functions of the
  • Control unit includes.
  • the interfaces are their own integrated circuits or at least partially consist of discrete components.
  • the interfaces may be software modules that are present, for example, on a microcontroller in addition to other software modules.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram for explaining the structure and function of a
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sensor system with a
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for detecting a gas in a gas mixture, according to an embodiment of the
  • the sensor device 100 comprises a measuring electrode 102, a reference electrode 104 and an electrolyte 106 arranged between the measuring electrode 102 and the reference electrode 104, which is designed here as a solid electrolyte.
  • the reference electrode 104 is covered by a diffusion-limiting cover layer 108.
  • the sensor device 100 is positioned in a gas mixture or measuring gas 110.
  • a surface of the measuring electrode 102 is formed as a measuring surface 1 1 1 for coming into contact with the gas mixture.
  • the diffusion-limiting capping layer 108 is disposed on the reference electrode 104 to be one of the electrolyte
  • the surface 1 12 facing away from the electrolyte 106 may here be understood as meaning a region of the overall surface of the reference electrode 104 which does not belong to the electrolyte 106 or to another
  • an inner surface 14 of the cover layer 108 contacts the reference electrode 104, while an outer surface 16 of the cover layer 108 contacts the reference surface 104
  • Measuring surface 1 1 1 of the measuring electrode 102 is exposed to the gas mixture 1 10.
  • the exemplary embodiment of the sensor device 100 shown in FIG. 1 is used to detect oxygen 11 in the gas mixture 110.
  • the electrolyte 106 is realized here as an oxygen-ion conductor.
  • the gas mixture 1 10 is here exhaust gas from a
  • a current is applied, for. B. using a power source or controllable
  • Voltage source with which a current can be adjusted, which is directed so that by electrochemical pumping 120 ions - here oxygen ions - from the measuring electrode 102 through the electrolyte 106 to the reference or the
  • Reference electrode 104 are pumped. It is indicated by two different arrow lengths that it is not essential whether the oxygen exits 104 at the end of the electrolyte 106 or on the outer surface of the (also porous) electrode. Thus, as shown in FIG the current is a depot of gas 1 18 - here oxygen - at the of the electrolyte
  • the gas 1 18 serves as a reference gas.
  • the depot formation of the gas 1 18 at the reference electrode 104 causes an electrical potential between the
  • Reference electrode 104 due to the depot formation of a high
  • the voltage between reference electrode 104 and measuring electrode 102 can be tapped and thus provides a measurement result for the oxygen content in the exhaust gas or gas mixture 1 10 or the gas in the cavity
  • the porosity of the covering layer 108 limits an advancing 124 of a further gas 126, marked by an obliquely upward arrow, to the depot of the oxygen 1 18 on the reference electrode 104.
  • the arrangement shown in the further gas 126 is at least one reducing gas, which is present in the gas mixture 1 10 proportionately.
  • the at least one reducing gas may also comprise several components, e.g. B. hydrocarbon and hydrogen simultaneously.
  • Oxygen 1 18 with the reducing gas 126 becomes a part of the oxygen
  • FIG. 1 shows that - as in a conventional pumped reference - the oxygen 1 18 is pumped from the exhaust side to the reference, is again removed from the electrolyte 106 and finally the
  • Reference is that less oxygen 1 18 by the exhaust gas 126 chemically is reduced than is pumped out of the reference electrode 104.
  • the content of remaining oxygen 1 18 at the reference electrode 104 is higher, the lower the porosity of the cover layer 108 and the higher the pumping current 120 to the pumped reference electrode 104.
  • the covering layer 108 is permeable to gas so that the oxygen pressure which builds up on the reference electrode 104 remains limited and thus does not lead to a detachment of the layer 108.
  • Reference electrode 104 may be omitted to bring the reference electrode 104 via a reference air channel in direct contact with air, which serves as an oxygen source. Even a diffusion-limiting channel over which pumped at a pumped reference electrode oxygen is transported to the air side, can be omitted.
  • FIG. 1 does not show electronic leads to the electrodes 102, 104, mechanical fasteners or housings, or a sensor heater, either in full or in full.
  • the measuring electrode 102 may still be covered with a porous layer.
  • the gas mixture 110 is composed the same at the side of the measuring electrode 102 as at the side of the reference electrode 12.
  • the measuring electrode 102 is located in a cavity and is referred to there as Nernstelektrode.
  • a diffusion barrier separates the cavity from the sample gas 1 10.
  • the cavity is over a
  • Gas composition in the cavity of the gas mixture 1 10 differ. This modified measuring gas is determined by the measurement
  • FIG. 2 shows a basic illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a sensor system 200 with a gas mixture chamber 202 and FIG
  • the mixed gas chamber 202 encloses the sensor device 100 and is designed to move the gas mixture 110 along the
  • the gas mixture chamber 202 has a first, not shown in the illustration, opening, via which the gas mixture 1 10 is introduced into the gas mixture chamber 202, and an example opposite, also not shown in the illustration, second opening, via which the gas mixture after an influx of
  • FIG. 2 shows a device 204 of the sensor device 100, which is connected to the measuring electrode 102 and the reference electrode 104 via electrical lines.
  • the device 204 is the one for
  • Power supply of the sensor device 100 is formed.
  • a pumping voltage is applied via the electrical lines 206 in order to pump ions of the gas to be detected from the measuring electrode 102 through the electrolyte 106 to the reference electrode 104.
  • the device 204 is designed to connect, via the lines 206 or further lines routed in parallel, between the measuring electrode 102 and the
  • Reference electrode 104 applied measuring voltage or a current flowing between the measuring electrode 102 and the reference electrode 104 measuring current.
  • FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of a method 300 for detecting a gas in a gas mixture.
  • the method 300 may be implemented in a sensor system as described with reference to FIG. 2.
  • a gas mixture is introduced along a
  • Sensor device with the gas mixture in contact By means of a corresponding device of the sensor device is in a step 304 between the measuring electrode and a reference electrode of the sensor device, a pumping current, for. From a current source or a programmable voltage source applied to ions of a predefined gas in the
  • miniaturized electrolytes 106 for example in the form of a thin-layer electrolyte, in particular with the purpose that no part of the electrochemical sensor element is located on the air side. Also one
  • reference electrode can be attached facing away from the exhaust gas by a coplanar arrangement of reference electrode and measuring electrode.
  • an exemplary embodiment comprises a "and / or" link between a first feature and a second feature, then this is to be read so that the embodiment according to one embodiment, both the first feature and the second feature and according to another embodiment either only first feature or only the second feature.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif détecteur (100) servant à détecter un gaz (118) dans un mélange gazeux (110). Le dispositif détecteur (100) comprend une électrode de mesure (102) possédant une surface de mesure (111) destinée à venir en contact avec le mélange gazeux (110), une électrode de référence (104), un électrolyte (106) disposé entre l'électrode de mesure (102) et l'électrode de référence (104), et une couche de recouvrement (108) limitant la diffusion qui est disposée sur une surface (112) de l'électrode de référence (104) située à l'opposé de l'électrolyte (106). Une surface interne (114) de la couche de recouvrement (108) est en contact avec l'électrode de référence (104) et une surface externe (116) de la couche de recouvrement (108) est adaptée pour venir en contact avec le mélange gazeux (110). Dans le cas d'une géométrie de capteur selon le schéma d'une sonde lambda à large bande, le mélange gazeux peut être modifié sur la surface de mesure au niveau de l'électrode de mesure par une cellule de pompage d'oxygène, ce qui correspond à un pompage ou à une injection d'oxygène par voie électrochimique.
PCT/EP2014/053065 2013-03-14 2014-02-18 Dispositif détecteur et procédé de détection d'un gaz dans un mélange gazeux WO2014139764A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201310204463 DE102013204463A1 (de) 2013-03-14 2013-03-14 Sensorvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Erfassen eines Gases in einem Gasgemisch
DE102013204463.1 2013-03-14

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WO2014139764A1 true WO2014139764A1 (fr) 2014-09-18

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WO (1) WO2014139764A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015213454A1 (de) 2015-07-17 2017-01-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Sensorelement zur Erfassung mindestens einer Eigenschaft eines Messgases in einem Messgasraum
DE102015215437A1 (de) 2015-08-13 2017-02-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Sensorelement zur Erfassung mindestens einer Eigenschaft eines Messgases in einem Messgasraum
DE102018126467A1 (de) 2018-10-24 2020-04-30 Hochschule Karlsruhe-Technik Und Wirtschaft Verfahren und Messsystem zur Erfassung eines Teergehalts in Gasen

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3024077A1 (de) * 1979-06-26 1981-01-08 Nissan Motor Flacher duennfilm-sauerstoffmessfuehler
US5271816A (en) * 1988-11-18 1993-12-21 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Oxygen sensor
EP0845669A2 (fr) * 1996-11-29 1998-06-03 NGK Spark Plug Co. Ltd. Détecteur de rapport air/carburant dans un domaine étendu, ayant une cellule électrochimique et méthode de détection de deux types de rapport air/carburant en utilisant le même détecteur
DE10256476A1 (de) * 2001-12-03 2003-07-17 Denso Corp Gassensorelement und sein Herstellungsverfahren
EP1462796A2 (fr) * 2003-03-24 2004-09-29 Webasto AG Capteur de gaz et méthode pour sa production

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3024077A1 (de) * 1979-06-26 1981-01-08 Nissan Motor Flacher duennfilm-sauerstoffmessfuehler
US5271816A (en) * 1988-11-18 1993-12-21 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Oxygen sensor
EP0845669A2 (fr) * 1996-11-29 1998-06-03 NGK Spark Plug Co. Ltd. Détecteur de rapport air/carburant dans un domaine étendu, ayant une cellule électrochimique et méthode de détection de deux types de rapport air/carburant en utilisant le même détecteur
DE10256476A1 (de) * 2001-12-03 2003-07-17 Denso Corp Gassensorelement und sein Herstellungsverfahren
EP1462796A2 (fr) * 2003-03-24 2004-09-29 Webasto AG Capteur de gaz et méthode pour sa production

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BAUNACH T ET AL: "SAUBERES ABGAS DURCH KERAMIKSENSOREN", PHYSIK JOURNAL, WILEY - V C H VERLAG GMBH & CO. KGAA, WEINHEIM, vol. 5, no. 5, 1 January 2006 (2006-01-01), pages 33 - 38, XP001538011, ISSN: 1617-9439 *
THORSTEN BAUNACH; KATHARINA SCHÄNZLIN; LOTHAR DIEHL: "Sauberes Abgas durch Keramiksensoren", PHYSIK JOURNAL, vol. 5, no. 5, 2006, pages 33 FF, XP001538011

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