Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
  • D04H1/74—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel (anisotropic fleeces)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
  • C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
  • C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
  • C01B32/168—After-treatment
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
  • D04H1/4242—Carbon fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
  • D04H3/002—Inorganic yarns or filaments
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/51—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/02—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with hydrocarbons
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
  • D06M15/15—Proteins or derivatives thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/643—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
  • F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
  • F41H1/02—Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
  • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
  • F41H5/02—Plate construction
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
  • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
  • F41H5/02—Plate construction
  • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
  • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
  • F41H5/0485—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers all the layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
  • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
  • F41H5/02—Plate construction
  • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
  • F41H5/0492—Layered armour containing hard elements, e.g. plates, spheres, rods, separated from each other, the elements being connected to a further flexible layer or being embedded in a plastics or an elastomer matrix
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
  • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
  • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
  • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
  • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
  • D06M2101/40—Fibres of carbon
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
  • Y10T442/643—Including parallel strand or fiber material within the nonwoven fabric
  • Y10T442/645—Parallel strand or fiber material is inorganic [e.g., rock wool, mineral wool, etc.]

Definitions

• the present invention is directed to a method to couple and align carbon nanotubes in a non-woven sheet. Also the present invention is directed to the formed nonwoven sheet containing aligned carbon nanotubes.
• Liang et al. U.S. Publication No. 2009/0280324, published November 12, 2009 discloses a method of producing a prepreg of a nanoscale fiber film with the fibers impregnated with a resin followed by B-stage curing the resin.
• 201 1 discloses aligned carbon nanotubes employing extrusion of a super acid solution of carbon nanotubes followed by removal of the super acid solvent.
• One such article is in the form of a sheet. Summary
• the present invention is directed to a method of aligning carbon nanotubes in a non-woven sheet comprising the steps of:
• a diluent liquid is employed with the coupling agent.
• the invention is directed to a non-woven sheet containing aligned carbon nanotubes as evidenced by the full width at half maximum (FWHM) value obtained by wide angle X-ray diffraction.
• FWHM full width at half maximum
• the starting material is a non-woven sheet of carbon nanotubes having non- aligned nanotubes.
• a suitable sheet is made by Nanocomp Technologies, Inc.
• Coupled agent as defined herein is determined by a test procedure labeled Test Method A. An alternate test procedure is labeled Test Method B.
• a non-woven sheet of carbon nanotubes is initially uniformly wetted with an excess of chlorosulfonic acid. Thereafter the wetted non-woven sheet is drawn until it breaks. The initial length and final length are recorded and failure strain computed employing the following equation:
• Failure strain (final length - initial length)/initial length x 100.
• Another non-woven sheet of carbon nanotubes is initially wetted and contacted with an excess of chlorosulfonic acid in combination with a potential coupling agent.
• the chlorosulfonic acid and potential coupling agent are present in a ratio of 99 to 1 by weight.
• the wetted and contacted non-woven sheet is drawn until it breaks.
• Failure strain (final length - initial length)/initial length x 100.
• Part IIA The same procedure as Part IIA is followed except the chlorosulfonic acid and the potential coupling agent are present in a ratio of 99.9 to 0.1 by weight. Part IIC
• Test Method B Part IIA sulfuric acid is substituted for chlorosulfonic acid.
• the sulfuric acid and potential coupling agent are present in ratios of 99 to 1 (Test Method B Part IIA) , 99.9 to 0.1 (Test Method B Part MB) and 90 to 10 (Test Method B Part IIC).
• an improvement of at least 10 percent is necessary to meet a definition of "coupling agent".
• the improvement due to the coupling agent will be at least 20 percent and more preferably at least 30 percent.
• coupling agents include those with electron rich molecules
• aromatic with at least two aromatic moieties.
• examples include diphenybenzene, triphenylmethane, triphenylbenzene, polystyrene and triphenylene.
• Further examples include nonaromatic polysilanes and proteins that have a strong affinity for electron rich surfaces such as the SP1 protein of Fulcrum SP Materials.
• a diluent liquid will be employed with the coupling agent.
• the diluent liquid allows control of the degree of coupling between adjacent carbon nanotubes, allows movement of the carbon nanotubes with respect to each other and facilitates alignment of the carbon nanotubes. Therefore the use of a diluent liquid is highly preferred. More care is needed in the drawing operation of the non-woven sheet without the diluent liquid.
• the diluent liquid allows use of less than 100% coupling agent. Dilution of the coupling agent is beneficial since the amount of coupling agent can be controlled to provide optimum results. Illustratively the diluent liquid prevents formation of an excessive number of coupled nanotubes which would interfere with alignment.
• the amount of diluent liquid and coupling agent can vary widely with examples being present in a ratio of 1 :99 to 99.9:0.1 by weight. A narrower ratio is 1 :10 to 10:1 .
• the diluent liquid facilitates movement of adjacent coupled nanotubes due to stress applied in the drawing step. Therefore the diluent liquid acts as a lubricant adding such movement.
• the diluent liquid allows control of the degree of coupling between adjacent carbon nanotube and aids movement of carbon nanotubes in the nonwoven sheet, the result is an alignment in carbon nanotubes in the non-woven sheet.
• diluent liquid can vary widely.
• Useful diluent liquids include strong acids with an ability to protonate the electron rich carbon nanotube walls. Specific examples include chlorosulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid and the solution of ammonium persulfate in sulfuric acid. Apparatus
• An outer support 1 contains two parallel threated rods 2.
• a stationary clamp 3 and moving clamp 4 hold a specimen which is a sheet of non-woven carbon nanotubes.
• a bearing 5 (attached to a motor or hand crank 6) allows the threated rods to rotate whereby the moving clamps apply stress to the specimen. Excessive stress causes breakage.
• An alternate apparatus is disclosed in Lashmore U.S. Patent No. 2009/0075545.
• the aligned non-woven sheet of carbon nanotubes will have a (FWHM) value obtained by wide angle X-ray diffraction.
• the (FWHM) value will not be greater than 20°, preferably not greater than 10° and even more preferably not greater than 5°.
• Full width at half maximum (FWHM) value of the azimuthal intensity scan of the equatorial reflections appearing in the region of 2 ⁇ 25
• the non-woven sheet of carbon nanotubes having alignment has use wherein at least one of the following properties is needed: enhanced mechanical strength electrical application and thermal application.
• One use is in a lightweight protective vest to withstand penetration of a projectile such as a bullet.
• the starting non-woven sheet containing randomly oriented carbon nanotubes is produced by Nanocomp Technologies, Inc., Merrimack, N. H.
• the basis weight of the sheet is 20 grams per square meter.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Nanotechnology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
• Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

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• 2014
  • 2014-02-21 US US14/186,011 patent/US20140256204A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2014-03-07 WO PCT/US2014/022097 patent/WO2014138683A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2014-03-07 JP JP2015561739A patent/JP6505612B2/ja active Active
  • 2014-03-07 EP EP14712997.7A patent/EP2964822B1/en active Active
  • 2014-03-07 CN CN201480013000.3A patent/CN105074073B/zh active Active

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