WO2014134781A1 - 一种用于电子烟的过流或短路保护的控制装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种用于电子烟的过流或短路保护的控制装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014134781A1
WO2014134781A1 PCT/CN2013/072178 CN2013072178W WO2014134781A1 WO 2014134781 A1 WO2014134781 A1 WO 2014134781A1 CN 2013072178 W CN2013072178 W CN 2013072178W WO 2014134781 A1 WO2014134781 A1 WO 2014134781A1
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Prior art keywords
fet
overcurrent
switch control
control module
comparator
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PCT/CN2013/072178
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
向智勇
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Xiang Zhiyong
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Priority to PCT/CN2013/072178 priority Critical patent/WO2014134781A1/zh
Publication of WO2014134781A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014134781A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/50—Control or monitoring
    • A24F40/53—Monitoring, e.g. fault detection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/10—Devices using liquid inhalable precursors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of electric heating products, in particular to a control device and a control method for overcurrent or short circuit protection of an electronic cigarette.
  • E-cigarette is a kind of substitute that uses atomized heating to generate atomization and provides a cigarette to smokers. It has become more and more popular among smoking consumers. E-cigarettes include batteries, control circuits and atomizers. Composition, some electronic cigarettes use an electronic airflow sensor to activate the heating element, an inhalation will make the battery control circuit work, and manual sensing requires the user to press a button , Then smoke. Because the electronic cigarette heating element is exposed to smoke liquid and moisture, it is prone to partial short circuit or complete short circuit condition, which may cause over current or short circuit current in the internal control circuit. If it is not cut off in time, the internal circuit may be burnt or fire.
  • Some electronic cigarette products controlled by mechanical control or microcontroller do not have overcurrent or short circuit protection.
  • Some electronic cigarettes have overcurrent or short circuit protection, and generally use current sensors (such as resistors and current transformers). To detect the presence or absence of overcurrent or short circuit, electronic cigarette products using current sensors (such as resistors or current transformers) have relatively complicated circuits and increased costs.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for detecting overcurrent or short circuit protection by utilizing the conduction internal resistance of the field effect tube in the electronic cigarette in view of the complicated and high cost defects of the overcurrent or short circuit existing in the prior art. Control device and method.
  • a control method for overcurrent or short circuit protection of an electronic cigarette comprising the following steps:
  • A preset a reference voltage
  • the comparator compares the reference voltage and the The actual operating voltage outputs a comparison result to the switch control module, and the switch control module controls the FET to open or maintain the FET in an on state according to the comparison result.
  • step C specifically includes:
  • C1 The comparator determines whether the actual working voltage is less than the reference voltage. If yes, the switch control module outputs a high level, and the switch control module keeps the FET in an on state, otherwise the step is transferred to C2 ;
  • the switch control module outputs a low level to the FET, controls the FET to be disconnected, and the heating element is powered off.
  • the reference voltage is a voltage generated by a preset overcurrent current on the internal resistance of the FET.
  • the switch control module is a microcontroller or a semiconductor switch.
  • An overcurrent or short circuit protection control device for an electronic cigarette comprising an input module, a power module and a heating element, wherein the heating element is used for heating and atomizing the smoke liquid of the electronic cigarette, and is characterized in that it further comprises Switch control module, comparator, a FET, the switch control module is respectively connected to the input module, the comparator, the FET, and the power module;
  • the FET is used for detecting the actual working voltage of the working current flowing through the internal resistance of the FET, and transmitting the actual working voltage to The comparator
  • the comparator is configured to compare the preset reference voltage and the actual working voltage, and output the comparison result to the switch control module;
  • the switch control module is configured to control the FET to be disconnected or to maintain the FET in an on state according to the comparison result
  • the power module is configured to provide power to the switch control module and to power the heating element through the FET.
  • the device wherein the comparison result is a high level or a low level of the comparator output, and when the actual working voltage is less than the reference voltage, the switch control module outputs a high level,
  • the switch control module is configured to maintain the FET in an on state, to continue heating the heating element, and when the comparator determines that the actual voltage is greater than the reference voltage, the switch control module outputs a low level to
  • the FET controls the FET to open, de-energizing the heating element.
  • the comparator is a digital comparator or an analog comparator.
  • the reference voltage is a voltage generated by a preset overcurrent current on the internal resistance of the FET.
  • the device wherein the switch control module is a microcontroller or a semiconductor switch.
  • the device wherein the analog comparator output is coupled to a detection input of the microcontroller, and an output of the microcontroller is coupled to a gate of the FET, the FET
  • the source is connected to the negative electrode of the power module, and the drain of the FET is respectively connected to the input end of the comparator and the heating element.
  • the device wherein the comparator is built into the microcontroller.
  • the invention discloses a control device and a control method for overcurrent or short circuit protection of an electronic cigarette, which has the following beneficial effects: the device uses a field effect tube to detect in real time the actual working voltage generated by the working current flowing through the internal resistance; The comparator compares the reference voltage with the actual working voltage, and outputs the comparison result to the switch control module. When an overcurrent or short circuit occurs, the switch control module controls the disconnection of the FET to cut off the heating of the heating element. By using the conduction internal resistance of the FET to detect an overcurrent or short circuit signal, the overcurrent or short circuit protection does not require an additional current detecting device, and the circuit is relatively simple and low in cost.
  • Figure 1 is a circuit block diagram of a control device for overcurrent or short circuit protection of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit of a first embodiment of a control device for overcurrent or short circuit protection according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit of a second embodiment of a control device for overcurrent or short circuit protection according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit of a third embodiment of a control device for overcurrent or short circuit protection according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit of a fourth embodiment of a control device for overcurrent or short circuit protection according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a flow chart showing the control of overcurrent or short circuit protection of the electronic cigarette of the present invention in an energized state.
  • the circuit is complicated and costly, and the present invention provides a
  • the FET is used to detect overcurrent or short circuit protection.
  • the core of the invention is to detect the actual working voltage generated by the working current flowing through its internal resistance through the FET.
  • the comparator compares the reference voltage with the actual voltage.
  • the magnitude of the operating voltage output the comparison result to the switch control module
  • the switch control module When the actual working voltage is less than the reference voltage, the switch control module outputs a high level, and the switch control module keeps the FET in an on state, so that the heating element continues to heat, and when the comparator determines that the actual working voltage is greater than the reference voltage, the switch controls The module outputs a low level to the FET to control its disconnection, which in turn causes the heating element to be de-energized to protect the electronic cigarette.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit block diagram of a control device of the present invention, which utilizes a field effect transistor (MOSFET) for controlling output in a product When it is turned on, its internal resistance is used as a current detecting device.
  • a comparator or an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is used to identify an overcurrent or a short circuit, and the FET is turned off to protect the circuit, mainly including the input module 100.
  • the input module 100 includes a smoking sensor or button, and the smoking sensor senses the user's airflow to the switch control module 200 to sense the signal to activate the heating element 500. Or the user manually sends a signal requiring smoking through the button to heat the heating element 500, and then smokes; the switch control module 200 and the power module 300, the field effect transistor 400 and the comparator 600, respectively.
  • the power module 300 is used to power the switch control module 200 and pass through the FET 400 as a heating element 500.
  • the power supply, heating element is used to heat and atomize the smoke liquid of the electronic cigarette, and the field effect transistor 400 and the switch control module 200, the power module 300, the heating element 500, and the comparator 600, respectively.
  • Connection used to detect the actual working voltage of the working current flowing through the internal resistance of the FET 400, and transmit the actual working voltage to the comparator 600; the comparator 600 For comparing the preset reference voltage with the obtained actual operating voltage, the comparison result is output to the switch control module 200; and the switch control module 200 is used according to the comparator 600 described above.
  • the comparison result controls the FET 400 to open or keep the FET 400 in an on state; further, the comparison result is a comparator 600
  • the output high level or low level when the actual working voltage is less than the preset reference voltage, the switch control module 200 outputs a high level, and the switch control module 200 causes the FET 400 The conduction state is maintained, and the heating element 500 continues to be heated.
  • the comparator 600 determines that the actual voltage is greater than the reference voltage
  • the switch control module 200 outputs a low level to the FET 400.
  • the disconnection of the FET 400 is controlled to de-energize the heating element 500, thereby ensuring the safety of the circuit.
  • the switch control module is a microcontroller 200, and the microcontroller can select a single chip microcomputer, a CPU or a logic control device.
  • the microcontroller 200 includes five pins, wherein the pin 1 is a signal input terminal, and the pin 1 is connected to a smoking sensor or a button in the input module 100, and is used to start heating by a smoking sensor or a button.
  • the signal of component 500, pin 2 and pin 5 are the power input terminals, providing power to the microcontroller 200, pin 3 is the output terminal V GS , a control voltage is output for the FET 400, and the pin 4 is the input terminal.
  • V I is used for inputting the comparison result of the comparator 600;
  • the comparator 600 includes a reference voltage terminal 2, the reference voltage is a preset value, and the voltage generated by the preset overcurrent current in the internal resistance of the FET 400 There is also a signal input terminal 1 and an output terminal 3, and the output terminal 3 of the comparator 600 is connected to the pin 4 of the microcontroller 200;
  • the FET 400 includes a gate terminal (G terminal) and a source terminal (S terminal).
  • the drain terminal (D terminal) the gate terminal of the FET 400 is connected to the pin 3 of the microcontroller 200, and the source terminal of the FET 400 is connected to the negative terminal of the power module 300 (the battery 300 in this embodiment).
  • the drain terminal of the effect transistor 400 is respectively connected to the input terminal 1 of the comparator and the negative terminal of the heating element 500.
  • the comparator model in this embodiment may preferably be LM393, and the FET 400 model may preferably be AO3400 or DTS2300. And limited to the above selected models.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of Embodiment 2 of a control device for overcurrent or short circuit protection according to the present invention, the circuit comprising: a smoking sensor or a button 100 (equivalent to the input module in Figure 1), semiconductor switch 200, battery 300 (equivalent to power module 300 in Figure 1), field effect transistor 400, heating element 500 and comparator 600, wherein in the illustration, except for replacing the microcontroller in FIG. 2 with the semiconductor switch 200 in FIG. 3, the remaining circuit connections are as shown in FIG.
  • the semiconductor switch 200 receives an instruction from the user to activate the heating element 500 through a smoking sensor or a button, that is, the smoking sensor senses the user's airflow to the semiconductor switch.
  • the principle of operation is the same as above
  • the operating current is detected in real time through the actual operating voltage of the internal resistance of the FET 400, and the actual operating voltage is transmitted to the comparator 600; the comparator 600 is used to compare the preset reference voltage with the obtained
  • the actual operating voltage is output to the semiconductor switch 200, and the semiconductor switch 200 is used to control the FET 400 to be disconnected according to the comparison result of the comparator 600 described above, so that the heating element
  • the 500 power is turned off to ensure the safety of the circuit, or the FET 400 is kept in the on state, so that the heating element 500 continues to be heated.
  • FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 are schematic diagrams showing the circuit structure of Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 4 of the overcurrent or short circuit protection control device of the present invention.
  • the comparator 600 is an internal comparator of the microcontroller 200 (FIG. 4).
  • the microcontroller 200 uses an analog-to-digital converter ADC to sample whether the current flowing through the FET 400 is overcurrent or short-circuited.
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • the microcontroller 200 turns off the FET 400. Do not let it continue to conduct, so that the product can be protected from overcurrent or short circuit damage.
  • the reference voltage is a voltage generated by a preset overcurrent current on the internal resistance of the FET;
  • the comparator compares the reference voltage and the actual working voltage to determine whether the actual working voltage is greater than whether Reference voltage, if yes, go to step S40, otherwise, go to step S50;
  • the FET is kept in the on state through the switch control module.
  • the comparator outputs a comparison result to the switch control module (microcontroller or semiconductor switch), and the microcontroller or the semiconductor switch controls the FET to be turned off or kept turned on according to the comparison result. If the actual operating voltage is less than the preset reference voltage, the comparator outputs a low level to the microcontroller or semiconductor switch, and the microcontroller or semiconductor switch outputs a high level, thereby keeping the FET in an on state, if the actual operating voltage Larger than the preset reference voltage, the comparator outputs a high level, and the microcontroller or semiconductor switch outputs a low level to the FET and controls the FET to open.
  • the switch control module microcontroller or semiconductor switch
  • the microcontroller outputs a turn-on voltage (V GS ) to the gate of the FET.
  • V GS is greater than V TT (V TT is the threshold voltage of the FET)
  • the FET is turned on, and the current is supplied by the power module 300 ( That is, the battery) the positive electrode flows through the heating element and flows through the D end of the FET to the S end to the negative end of the battery;
  • the heating element works as a heating state
  • the MOSFET used to control the output of the present invention (MOSFET) ) as its current-sense device when conducting, using a comparator or analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter

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Abstract

一种用于电子烟的过流或短路保护的控制装置及方法，包括输入模块（100）、电源模块（300）、加热元件（500）、开关控制模块（200）、比较器（600）和场效应管（400），通过场效应管（400）实时检测工作电流流过其内阻产生的实际工作电压；通过比较器（600）比较参考电压与实际工作电压的大小，输出比较结果至开关控制模块（200），当实际工作电压小于参考电压时，开关控制模块（200）输出高电平，开关控制模块（200）使场效应管（400）保持导通状态，使加热元件（500）继续加热，当比较器（600）判断实际工作电压大于参考电压，开关控制模块（200）输出低电平至场效应管（400）控制其断开，进而使加热元件（500）断电，达到保护电子烟的作用。

Description

一种用于电子烟的过流或短路保护的控制装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电加热产品领域，尤其涉及一种用于电子烟的过流或短路保护的控制装置及控制方法。
背景技术
电子烟是一种利用对烟液进行加热产生雾化，给吸烟者提供一种香烟的替代品，已经越来越受到吸烟消费者的欢迎，电子烟包括电池、控制电路以及雾化器等单元组成，有些电子香烟使用电子气流传感器启动加热元件，一吸气就会使电池控制电路工作，而手动感应的需要用户按下一个按钮 , 然后吸烟。电子烟加热元件因为接触烟液、潮湿，因而容易发生局部短路或完全短路情况，造成内部控制电路会出现过电流或短路电流，如不及时切断，会造成内部电路烧毁或火灾等。
目前，在一些机械控制或微控制器控制的电子烟产品中，有些产品没有过流或短路保护，有些电子烟虽然具有过流或短路保护，一般是使用电流传感器（例如电阻、电流互感器）来检测有无过流或短路，使用电流传感器（例如电阻或电流互感器）的电子烟产品，其电路相对复杂，成本增加。
所以现有技术存在缺陷，需要改进。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，针对现有技术中存在的过流或短路电路复杂，成本高的缺陷，提供一种电子烟中利用场效应管的导通内阻来检测过流或短路保护的控制装置及方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是： 一种用于电子烟的过流或短路保护的控制方法，包括以下步骤：
A 、预置一参考电压；
B 、实时检测工作电流流过所述场效应管内阻产生的实际工作电压；
C 、比较器比较所述参考电压以及所述 实际工作电压，输出比较结果至所述开关控制模块，所述开关控制模块根据所述比较结果控制所述场效应管断开或使所述场效应管保持导通状态。
所述的方法，其中，所述步骤 C 具体包括：
C1 、所述比较器判断所述实际工作电压是否小于所述参考电压，若是，所述开关控制模块输出高电平，所述开关控制模块使所述场效应管保持导通状态，否则转入步骤 C2 ；
C2 、所述开关控制模块输出低电平至所述场效应管、控制所述场效应管断开，使加热元件断电。
所述的方法，其中，所述参考电压为预设的过流电流在所述场效应管内阻上所产生的电压。
所述的方法，其中， 所述开关控制模块为微控制器或半导体开关。
一种用于电子烟的过流或短路保护控制装置，包括输入模块，电源模块和加热元件，所述加热元件用于对电子烟的烟液进行加热并产生雾化，其特征在于，还包括开关控制模块，比较器， 场效应管， 所述开关控制模块分别与所述输入模块、所述比较器、所述 场效应管和所述 电源模块相连；
所述 场效应管用于实时检测工作电流 流过所述 场效应管内阻的实际工作电压，将所述实际工作电压传送至 所述比较器；
所述比较器用于比较预置的参考电压以及所述 实际工作电压， 将所述比较结果输出 至 所述开关控制模块；
所述开关控制模块用于根据所述比较结果控制所述场效应管断开或使所述场效应管保持导通状态；
所述电源模块用于为所述开关控制模块提供电源、并通过所述 场效应管为所述 加热元件供电。
所述的装置，其中，所述比较结果为所述比较器输出的高电平或者低电平，当所述实际工作电压小于所述参考电压，所述开关控制模块输出高电平，所述开关控制模块用于使所述场效应管保持导通状态，使所述加热元件继续加热，当所述比较器判断所述实际电压大于所述参考电压，所述开关控制模块输出低电平至所述场效应管控制所述场效应管断开，使所述加热元件断电。
所述的装置，其中，所述比较器为数字比较器或模拟比较器。
所述的装置，其中，所述参考电压为预设的过流电流在所述 场效应管内阻上所产生的电压。
所述的装置，其中，其特征在于，所述开关控制模块为微控制器或半导体开关。
所述的装置，其中，所述模拟比较器输出端连接所述微控制器的检测输入端，所述微控制器的输出端连接至所述场效应管的栅极，所述场效应管的源级接所述电源模块的负极，所述场效应管的漏极分别接所述比较器的输入端和所述加热元件。
所述的装置，其中，所述比较器内置在所述微控制器内。
本发明公开了一种用于电子烟的过流或短路保护的控制装置及控制方法，具有以下有益效果：本装置利用场效应管实时检测工作电流流过其内阻产生的实际工作电压；通过比较器比较参考电压以及实际工作电压，输出比较结果至开关控制模块，当发生过流或短路时，通过开关控制模块控制场效应管的断开，切断对加热元件的加热， 通过利用场效应管的导通内阻来检测过流或短路信号，过流或短路保护不需要额外的电流检测器件，其电路相对简单，成本较低。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，附图中：
图 1 是本发明过流或短路保护的控制装置的电路方框图；
图 2 是本发明过流或短路保护的控制装置实施例一的电路结构示意图；
图 3 是本发明过流或短路保护的控制装置实施例二的电路结构示意图；
图 4 是本发明过流或短路保护的控制装置实施例三的电路结构示意图；
图 5 是本发明过流或短路保护的控制装置实施例四的电路结构示意图；
图 6 是本发明电子烟在通电状态下的过流或短路保护的控制流程图。
具体实施方式
为了解决现有技术中利用 电流传感器（例如电阻、电流互感器）来检测有无过流或短路保护所存在的电路复杂、成本高的问题，本发明提供一种 利用场效应管导通内阻来检测过流或短路保护，该发明的核心为，通过场效应管实时检测工作电流流过其内阻产生的实际工作电压；通过比较器来比较参考电压与实际工作电压的大小，输出比较结果至开关控制模块， 当实际工作电压小于所述参考电压时，开关控制模块输出高电平，开关控制模块使场效应管保持导通状态，使加热元件继续加热，当比较器判断实际工作电压大于参考电压，开关控制模块输出低电平至场效应管控制其断开，进而使加热元件断电，达到了保护电子烟的作用。
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
图 1 为本发明控制装置的电路方框图， 本发明是利用产品中用于控制输出的场效应管（ MOSFET ）在导通时自身的内阻作为电流检测器件，用比较器或模数转换器（ ADC ）来识别出过流或短路，并进行关闭场效应管来进行电路的保护，主要 包括 输入模块 100 ，开关控制模块 200 ，电源模块 300 ， 场效应管400， 加热元件 500 和比较器 600 ，其中，输入模块 100 与开关控制模块 200 相连接，输入模块 100 包括吸烟传感器或按键，吸烟传感器感应用户的气流给开关控制模块 200 一感应信号来启动加热元件 500 或用户通过按键手动发出需要吸烟的信号使加热元件 500 加热，然后吸烟；开关控制模块 200 分别与电源模块 300 ， 场效应管400和 比较器 600 相连接，电源模块 300 用于为开关控制模块 200 提供电源、并通过 场效应管400为 加热元件 500 供电，加热元件用于对电子烟的烟液进行加热并产生雾化， 场效应管400分别与 开关控制模块 200 、电源模块 300 、 加热元件 500 以及比较器 600 连接， 用于实时检测工作电流 流过 场效应管400内阻的实际工作电压，并将实际工作电压传送至 比较器 600 ；比较器 600 用于比较预置的参考电压以及获得的 实际工作电压， 将比较结果输出 至 开关控制模块 200 ；开关控制模块 200 用于根据上述比较器 600 的比较结果控制场效应管 400 断开或使场效应管 400 保持导通状态；进一步的，所述比较结果为比较器 600 输出的高电平或者低电平，当实际工作电压小于预设的参考电压时，开关控制模块 200 输出高电平，进而开关控制模块 200 使场效应管 400 保持导通状态，使加热元件 500 继续加热，当比较器 600 判断实际电压大于参考电压时，开关控制模块 200 输出低电平至场效应管 400 、进而控制场效应管 400 的断开，使加热元件 500 断电，保证了电路的安全。
图 2 是本发明过流或短路保护的控制装置实施例 1 的电路结构示意图，图中 开关控制模块为微控制器 200 ，该微控制器可选用单片机， CPU 或逻辑控制器件，本实施例中的微控制器 200 包括有 5 个引脚，其中引脚 1 为信号输入端，引脚 1 与输入模块 100 中的吸烟传感器或按键相连，通过吸烟传感器或按键给引脚 1 一个用于启动加热元件 500 的信号，引脚 2 和引脚 5 为电源输入端，为微控制器 200 提供电源，引脚 3 为输出端 VGS ，为场效应管 400 输出一个控制电压，引脚 4 为输入端 VI ，用于输入比较器 600 的比较结果；比较器 600 包括一参考电压端 2 ，该参考电压为一预设值，通过预设的过流电流在场效应管 400 内阻上所产生的电压：还有一信号输入端 1 以及一输出端 3 ，比较器 600 的输出端 3 与微控制器 200 的引脚 4 相连；场效应管 400 包括栅极端（ G 端），源级端（ S 端）和漏极端（ D 端），场效应管 400 的栅极端接微控制器 200 的引脚 3 ，场效应管 400 的源级端与电源模块 300 （本实施例为电池 300 ）的负端相连，场效应管 400 的漏极端分别连接比较器的输入端 1 端和加热元件 500 的负端，该实施例中的比较器型号可优选 LM393 ，场效应管 400 型号可优选 AO3400 或 DTS2300 ，当然实际应用中并限于上述所选型号。
图 3 为本发明 过流或短路保护的控制装置实施例 2 的电路结构示意图，该电路包括： 吸烟传感器或按键 100 （相当于图 1 中的输入模块）， 半导体开关 200 ，电池 300 （ 相当于图 1 中的电源模块 300 ）， 场效应管 400 ，加热元件 500 和比较器 600 ， 其中在该图示中，除将图 2 中微控制器替换为图 3 中的半导体开关 200 外，其余部分电路连接关系均和图 2 相同，此处只对半导体开关 200 连接进行描述，其中半导体开关 200 的信号输入端（ 1 端）连接 吸烟传感器或按键的信号输出端， 半导体开关 200 的 2 端连接比较器 600 的信号输出端 3 ， 半导体开关 200 的 3 端连接 场效应 管 400 的栅极端（ G 端），其它部件的连接关系与图 2 描述相同，所以省略。本实施中半导体开关 200 接收用户通过吸烟传感器或按键发出的启动加热元件 500 的指令，即吸烟传感器感应用户的气流给 半导体开关 200 一感应信号来启动加热元件 500 或用户通过按键手动发出需要吸烟的信号使加热元件 500 加热，然后吸烟； 其工作原理与上面相同，通过 实时检测工作电流 流过 场效应管400内阻的实际工作电压，并将实际工作电压传送至 比较器 600 ；比较器 600 用于比较预置的参考电压以及获得的 实际工作电压， 将比较结果输出 至 半导体开关 200 、 半导体开关 200 用于根据上述比较器 600 的比较结果控制场效应管 400 断开，使加热元件 500 断电，保证了电路的安全，或者使场效应管 400 保持导通状态，使加热元件 500 继续加热。
图4和图5为本发明过流或短路保护的控制装置实施例3和实施例4的电路结构示意图，在该图示中，比较器600为微控制器200的内部比较器（如图4）或微控制器200利用模数转换器ADC来采样，检测流过场效应管400的电流有没有过流或短路，当过流或短路发生时，微控制器200将关闭场效应管400 不让其继续导通，这样就可以保护产品不被过流或短路损坏。
下面根据图 6 来描述 电子烟的过流或短路保护的控制过程，其步骤包括： 包括以下步骤：
S10 、预置一参考电压，该参考电压为预设的过流电流在场效应管内阻上所产生的电压；
S20、 实时检测工作电流流过场效应管内阻产生的实际工作电压；
S30、 比较器比较所述参考电压以及所述实际工作电压，判断实际工作电压是否大于是否 参考电压，如果是，转入步骤 S40 ，否则，转入步骤 S50 ；
S40 、通过开关控制模块控制场效应管断开，使加热元件断电；
S50 、通过开关控制模块使场效应管继续保持导通状态。
具体的，通过比较器输出比较结果至开关控制模块（微控制器或半导体开关），微控制器或半导体开关根据比较结果控制场效应管断开或者保持导通。若实际工作电压小于预置的参考电压，比较器输出低电平到微控制器或半导体开关，微控制器或半导体开关输出高电平，进而使场效应管保持导通状态，如果实际工作电压大于预置的参考电压，比较器输出高电平，微控制器或半导体开关输出低电平至场效应管、控制场效应管断开。
进一步的过程包括：
1 、按动电子烟按键或吸烟传感器感应用户吸烟，给微控制器一开启信号；
2 、微控制器给场效应管栅极端输出一开启电压（ VGS ），当 VGS 大于 VTT （ VTT 为场效应管的门坎电压），场效应管导通，电流由电源模块 300 （即电池）正极流过加热元件并流过场效应管的 D 端到 S 端到电池负端；
3 、 加热元件工作，为加热状态；
4 、微控制器或比较器的 Ui 端检测场效应管 D 端电压，此电压是由电流流过 加热元件和 场效应管电流 I 乘以场效应管内阻的值（当 G 点到 S 点的电压 V GS 保持不变时，该内阻值 Ro 为一固定值， Ui=I * Ro ）；
5 、比较器参考电压输入端 UREF ， 设置一参考电压， UREF=I 过流 * Ro ；
6 、当 Ui > UREF 时，说明 I > I 过流， 比较器或微控制器动作，输出给场效应管 G 端电压， VGS < VTT ，场效应管关断，加热元件断电；
综上所述，由于本发明用于控制输出的场效应管（ MOSFET ）在导通时自身的内阻作为电流检测器件，用比较器或模数转换器（ ADC ）来识别出过流或短路，并进行关闭场效应管，进而使加热元件断电，本发明电路简单、成本低，有效地实现了对电子烟的过流或短路的保护。
因此，本发明不局限于所公开的具体实施例，而应当包括落入本发明权利要求范围内的全部实施方式。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于电子烟的过流或短路保护控制方法，包括以下步骤：
    A 、预置一参考电压；
    B 、实时检测工作电流流过所述场效应管内阻产生的实际工作电压；
    C 、比较器比较所述参考电压以及所述实际工作电压，输出比较结果至所述开关控制模块，所述开关控制模块根据所述比较结果控制所述场效应管断开或使所述场效应管保持导通状态。
  2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的过流或短路保护控制方法，其特征在于，所述步骤 C 具体包括：
    C1 、所述比较器判断所述实际工作电压是否小于所述参考电压，若是，所述开关控制模块输出高电平，所述开关控制模块使所述场效应管保持导通状态，否则转入步骤 C2 ；
    C2 、所述开关控制模块输出低电平至所述场效应管控制所述场效应管断开，使加热元件断电。
  3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的过流或短路保护控制方法，其特征在于，所述参考电压为预设的过流电流在所述场效应管内阻上所产生的电压。
  4. 根据权利要求 2 所述的过流或短路保护控制方法，其特征在于，所述开关控制模块为微控制器或半导体开关。
  5. 一种用于电子烟的过流或短路保护控制装置，包括输入模块，电源模块和加热元件，所述加热元件用于对电子烟的烟液进行加热并产生雾化，其特征在于，还包括开关控制模块，比较器和场效应管， 所述开关控制模块分别与所述输入模块、所述比较器、所述 场效应管和所述 电源模块相连；
    所述 场效应管用于实时检测工作电流 流过所述 场效应管内阻的实际工作电压，将所述实际工作电压传送至所述比较器；
    所述比较器用于比较预置的参考电压以及所述 实际工作电压，将所述比较结果输出至所述开关控制模块；
    所述开关控制模块用于根据所述比较结果控制所述场效应管断开或使所述场效应管保持导通状态；
    所述电源模块用于为所述开关控制模块提供电源、并通过所述场效应管为所述加热元件供电。
  6. 根据权利要求 5 所述的过流或短路保护控制装置，其特征在于，所述比较结果为所述比较器输出的高电平或者低电平，当所述实际工作电压小于所述参考电压，所述开关控制模块输出所述高电平，所述开关控制模块用于使所述场效应管保持导通状态，使所述加热元件继续加热，当所述比较器判断所述实际工作电压大于所述参考电压，所述开关控制模块输出所述低电平至所述场效应管、并控制所述场效应管断开，使所述加热元件断电。
  7. 根据权利要求 5 所述的过流或短路保护控制装置，其特征在于，所述参考电压为预设的过流电流在所述场效应管内阻上所产生的电压。
  8. 根据权利要求 5-7 任一所述的过流或短路保护控制装置，其特征在于，所述开关控制模块为微控制器或半导体开关。
  9. 根据权利要求 8所述的过流或短路保护控制装置，其特征在于，所述比较器输出端连接所述微控制器的检测输入端，所述微控制器的输出端连接至所述场效应管的栅极，所述场效应管的源级连接所述电源模块的负极，所述场效应管的漏极分别连接所述比较器的输入端和所述加热元件。
  10. 根据权利要求 8所述的过流或短路保护控制装置，其特征在于，所述比较器内置在所述微控制器内。
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