WO2014133132A1 - Composite semipermeable membrane - Google Patents
Composite semipermeable membrane Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014133132A1 WO2014133132A1 PCT/JP2014/055061 JP2014055061W WO2014133132A1 WO 2014133132 A1 WO2014133132 A1 WO 2014133132A1 JP 2014055061 W JP2014055061 W JP 2014055061W WO 2014133132 A1 WO2014133132 A1 WO 2014133132A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- composite semipermeable
- semipermeable membrane
- functional layer
- separation functional
- membrane
- Prior art date
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 281
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims description 129
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 105
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000002433 hydrophilic molecules Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 claims description 7
- DTPCFIHYWYONMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N decaethylene glycol Polymers OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO DTPCFIHYWYONMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZPIRTVJRHUMMOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octoxybenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 ZPIRTVJRHUMMOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 34
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009285 membrane fouling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 43
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 37
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 36
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 30
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 28
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- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 26
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 22
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- -1 cyclic sulfate ester Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 18
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- 239000012954 diazonium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
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- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000012696 Interfacial polycondensation Methods 0.000 description 9
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- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 4
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- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004922 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZGDMDBHLKNQPSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-5-(4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)phenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C(O)=C1 ZGDMDBHLKNQPSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJNWCIAPVGRBHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl-dimethyl-[(oxo-$l^{5}-phosphanylidyne)methyl]azanium Chemical group OCC[N+](C)(C)C#P=O NJNWCIAPVGRBHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOMNTHCQHJPVAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpiperazine Chemical compound CC1CNCCN1 JOMNTHCQHJPVAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UENRXLSRMCSUSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 UENRXLSRMCSUSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDBWYUOUYNQZBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)aniline Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 ZDBWYUOUYNQZBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFSNHOUZAIGMAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-n,3-n-diethylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=CC(N)=C1 KFSNHOUZAIGMAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHSBHVJQXZLIRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-n,3-n-dimethylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC(N)=C1 HHSBHVJQXZLIRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFWYZZPDZZGSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(aminomethyl)aniline Chemical compound NCC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 BFWYZZPDZZGSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXCMFQDTWCCLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-3-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=C(O)C=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C2=C1 RXCMFQDTWCCLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNGVNLMMEQUVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n,4-n-diethylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 QNGVNLMMEQUVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBZVNWNSRNTWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C(O)C2=CC(N)=CC=C21 HBZVNWNSRNTWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYARBIJYVGJZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-amino-4-hydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C21 KYARBIJYVGJZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000694440 Colpidium aqueous Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021589 Copper(I) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZORFPDSXLZWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 BZORFPDSXLZWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJLYANLCNIKXMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methyldioctylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(C)CCCCCCCC YJLYANLCNIKXMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPYHHZQJCSQRJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phloroglucinol Natural products CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCC(=O)C1=C(O)C=C(O)C=C1O JPYHHZQJCSQRJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GGNQRNBDZQJCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,4-triol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 GGNQRNBDZQJCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950011260 betanaphthol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940006460 bromide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NKNDPYCGAZPOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu] NKNDPYCGAZPOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- XBZSBBLNHFMTEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCC(C(O)=O)C1 XBZSBBLNHFMTEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJTCGQSWYFHTAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclooctane Chemical compound C1CCCCCCC1 WJTCGQSWYFHTAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004914 cyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005370 electroosmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000445 field-emission scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940006461 iodide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- NSBIQPJIWUJBBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methoxyaniline Chemical group CONC1=CC=CC=C1 NSBIQPJIWUJBBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLYWOECPXNAJPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-1-amine;naphthalen-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C21.C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1 KLYWOECPXNAJPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000002832 nitroso derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000018 nitroso group Chemical group N(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phloroglucinol Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001553 phloroglucinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000083 poly(allylamine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002755 poly(epichlorohydrin) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079877 pyrogallol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004439 roughness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940077386 sodium benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MZSDGDXXBZSFTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MZSDGDXXBZSFTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229950000244 sulfanilic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0093—Chemical modification
- B01D67/00933—Chemical modification by addition of a layer chemically bonded to the membrane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/56—Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0093—Chemical modification
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0093—Chemical modification
- B01D67/00931—Chemical modification by introduction of specific groups after membrane formation, e.g. by grafting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/26—Electrical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite semipermeable membrane that can achieve a high amount of permeated water and that can be stably operated for a long time.
- the composite semipermeable membrane obtained by the present invention can be suitably used for desalination of brine, for example.
- membrane separation method As an energy saving and resource saving process has been expanded.
- membranes used in the membrane separation method include microfiltration membranes, ultrafiltration membranes, nanofiltration membranes, and reverse osmosis membranes. These membranes are used, for example, in the case of obtaining drinking water from seawater, brine, water containing harmful substances, etc., in the production of industrial ultrapure water, wastewater treatment, recovery of valuable materials, and the like.
- a composite semipermeable membrane obtained by coating a support membrane with a separation functional layer made of a crosslinked polyamide obtained by polycondensation reaction of a polyfunctional amine and a polyfunctional acid halide has a permeated water amount and a selective separation property. Widely used as a high separation membrane.
- Patent Literature 1 a method of bringing a composite semipermeable membrane containing a cross-linked polyamide polymer into a separation active layer into contact with an aqueous solution containing nitrous acid (see Patent Literature 1) or a method of bringing into contact with an aqueous solution containing chlorine (Patent Literature) 2) is known.
- a reverse osmosis membrane significantly reduces the amount of permeated water due to fouling.
- a method of neutralizing the charged state by coating polyvinyl alcohol on the surface of the separation functional layer and suppressing fouling has been proposed.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-125856 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 63-54905 International Publication No. 97/34686 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-102624 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-234284
- the performance required for the reverse osmosis membrane is required not only to remove the salt and the amount of permeated water but also to be able to operate stably for a long period of time.
- the membranes described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 can increase the amount of permeated water, but have a problem of low fouling resistance.
- the amount of permeated water may be reduced by coating.
- the composite semipermeable membranes described in Patent Document 4 and Patent Document 5 may have chemical resistance of the composite semipermeable membrane, but may require frequent chemical cleaning to eliminate fouling. There was room for study in terms of stable driving performance.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a composite semipermeable membrane that can achieve a high amount of permeated water and that can be stably operated for a long period of time.
- the present invention has the following configuration.
- a composite semipermeable membrane comprising a support membrane comprising a substrate and a porous support layer, and a separation functional layer provided on the porous support layer,
- the surface zeta potential A of the separation functional layer under the measurement conditions of pH 6 and NaCl 10 mM is within ⁇ 15 mV, and the potential difference between the surface zeta potential B of the separation functional layer and the surface zeta potential A under the measurement conditions of pH 6 and NaCl 1 mM.
- F1 / F1 is 0.80 or more when F1 is the amount of permeated water when filtered for 1 hour at a pressure of F2 and F2 is the amount of permeated water after the surface of the separation functional layer is coated with the crosslinked polymer.
- the present invention can provide a composite semipermeable membrane capable of achieving a high permeated water amount and capable of stable operation for a long period of time.
- a composite semipermeable membrane capable of achieving a high permeated water amount and capable of stable operation for a long period of time.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention includes a support membrane including a base material and a porous support layer, and a polyamide separation functional layer formed on the porous support layer of the support membrane.
- the surface zeta potential of the separation functional layer is controlled within ⁇ 15 mV when measured under the conditions of pH 6 and NaCl 10 mM, and the surface when measured under the conditions of pH 6 and NaCl 1 mM.
- the zeta potential difference is ⁇ 10 mV or more.
- the separation function layer is a layer that plays a role of separating the solute in the composite semipermeable membrane.
- the composition such as the composition and thickness of the separation functional layer is set in accordance with the intended use of the composite semipermeable membrane.
- the separation functional layer is made of a crosslinked polyamide obtained by interfacial polycondensation of a polyfunctional amine and a polyfunctional acid halide.
- the separation functional layer in the present invention is also referred to as “polyamide separation functional layer”.
- the polyfunctional amine is preferably composed of at least one component selected from an aromatic polyfunctional amine and an aliphatic polyfunctional amine.
- the aromatic polyfunctional amine is an aromatic amine having two or more amino groups in one molecule, and is not particularly limited, but includes metaphenylenediamine, paraphenylenediamine, 1,3,5-triamine. Examples include aminobenzene.
- Examples of the N-alkylated product include N, N-dimethylmetaphenylenediamine, N, N-diethylmetaphenylenediamine, N, N-dimethylparaphenylenediamine, and N, N-diethylparaphenylenediamine. In view of stability of performance, metaphenylenediamine or 1,3,5-triaminobenzene is particularly preferable.
- the aliphatic polyfunctional amine is an aliphatic amine having two or more amino groups in one molecule, preferably a piperazine-based amine or a derivative thereof.
- piperazine or 2,5-dimethylpiperazine is preferable from the viewpoint of stability of performance expression.
- polyfunctional amines may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polyfunctional acid halide is an acid halide having two or more carbonyl halide groups in one molecule, and is not particularly limited as long as it gives a polyamide by reaction with the polyfunctional amine.
- Examples of the polyfunctional acid halide include oxalic acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, glutaric acid, 1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid.
- 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid and other halides can be used.
- acid halides acid chlorides are preferred, and are acid halides of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, particularly in terms of economy, availability, ease of handling, and ease of reactivity.
- Trimesic acid halide is preferred.
- the said polyfunctional acid halide may be used individually by 1 type, or may mix and use 2 or more types.
- the surface zeta potential of the separation functional layer is closely related to the amount of permeated water of the composite semipermeable membrane and the detachability of membrane contaminants attached to the membrane surface. I found it.
- the zeta potential is a measure of the net fixed charge on the surface of the ultrathin film layer, and the zeta potential on the surface of the thin film layer of the present invention is calculated from the electric mobility according to Helmholtz-Smolchowski as shown in the following formula (1). It can be calculated by the following formula.
- U is an electric mobility
- epsilon is a dielectric constant of a solution
- eta is a viscosity of a solution.
- the dielectric constant of a solution and a viscosity used the literature value in measurement temperature.
- the principle of measuring the zeta potential will be described.
- the zeta potential is the potential for the solution at the interface (slip surface) between the stationary and fluidized layers of the material.
- the quartz surface since the quartz surface is normally negatively charged, positively charged ions and particles gather near the cell surface.
- negatively charged ions and particles increase in the center of the cell, and ion distribution occurs in the cell.
- the ion distribution is reflected in the cell, and ions move at different migration speeds at positions in the cell (referred to as electroosmotic flow). Since the migration speed reflects the charge on the cell surface, the charge (surface potential) on the cell surface can be evaluated by obtaining this migration speed distribution.
- zeta potential is measured using a membrane sample having a size of 20 mm ⁇ 30 mm, and standard particles for electrophoresis are NaCl aqueous solutions in which polystyrene particles whose surface is coated with hydroxypropylcellulose (particle size: 520 nm) are adjusted to a predetermined concentration. It can be dispersed and measured.
- an electrophoretic light scattering photometer ELS-8000 manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the surface zeta potential of the separation functional layer is controlled within ⁇ 15 mV when measured under the conditions of pH 6 and NaCl 10 mM (surface zeta potential A), and measured under the condition of NaCl 1 mM.
- the difference between the surface zeta potential B and the surface zeta potential A must be ⁇ 10 mV or more.
- the polyamide separation functional layer contains unreacted amino groups and carboxyl groups derived from polyfunctional amines and polyfunctional acid halides, and the value of zeta potential varies depending on the degree of dissociation of these functional groups.
- the zeta potential at pH 6 of the separation functional layer is related to the adsorptivity of membrane contaminants.
- the zeta potential is controlled within ⁇ 15 mV under the condition of NaCl 10 mM, the interaction between membrane contaminants and membrane surface materials is affected. Can be suppressed. If the zeta potential is controlled within ⁇ 15 mV, it indicates that the membrane surface is electrically neutral and suppresses the electrical interaction of membrane contaminants with charged groups present in water. Because. When the zeta potential is ⁇ 15 mV or more, an electrical bias occurs on the film surface, so that an electrical interaction of a film contaminant having a charged group is likely to occur.
- the degree of dissociation of the functional group is high, the salt removal performance and the amount of permeated water of the composite semipermeable membrane increase. This is presumably because the electrostatic repulsion increases or the hydrophilicity increases as the functional group amount of the separation functional layer increases.
- the potential difference between the zeta potential A when measured with NaCl 10 mM and the surface zeta potential B when measured with NaCl 1 mM is ⁇ 10 mV or more, desorption of membrane contaminants at a high salt concentration
- high salt removal performance and permeated water can be satisfied at the same time.
- the potential difference is less than ⁇ 10 mV, the amount of permeated water is greatly reduced or the interaction with membrane contaminants is strengthened.
- the potential difference between the surface zeta potential C of the separation functional layer under pH 3 and NaCl 1 mM measurement conditions and the surface zeta potential D of the separation functional layer under pH 10 and NaCl 1 mM measurement conditions is related to the performance stability of the composite semipermeable membrane. It is preferable that it is 40 mV or less from the viewpoint of high releasability of contaminants when washing the composite semipermeable membrane, and more preferably 25 mV or less.
- the functional group ratio “(molar equivalent of amino group) / (molar equivalent of amide group)” in the separation functional layer is preferably 0.2 or more, more preferably 0.6. That's it. If the ratio of “(mol equivalent of amino group) / (mole equivalent of amide group)” is 0.2 or more, the amount of functional groups in the polyamide separation functional layer is sufficient, so that the hydrophilicity of the membrane can be maintained and the amount of permeated water In addition, a high effect can be obtained in fixing the coating layer to the separation functional layer described later.
- the functional group amount in the polyamide separation functional layer for example, a 13 C solid state NMR method can be used. Specifically, the base material is peeled from the composite semipermeable membrane to obtain a polyamide separation functional layer and a porous support layer, and then the porous support layer is dissolved and removed to obtain a polyamide separation functional layer.
- the obtained polyamide separation functional layer was measured by DD / MAS- 13 C solid state NMR method, and the ratio of each functional group was calculated from the comparison of the integrated value of the carbon peak of each functional group or the carbon peak to which each functional group was bonded. Can be calculated.
- the element ratio of the polyamide separation functional layer can be analyzed using, for example, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Specifically, “Journal of Polymer Science”, Vol. 26, 559-572 (1988) and “Journal of the Adhesion Society of Japan”, Vol. 27, no. 4 (1991), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) can be used.
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- a method of controlling the zeta potential of the separation functional layer a method of controlling the separation functional layer so that the amount of the functional group of the separation functional layer is reduced when forming the separation functional layer, and the functional group of the separation functional layer having another structure.
- a method of coating the surface of the separation functional layer with a polymer These methods may be used alone or a plurality of methods may be used in combination. However, the method of simply coating the polymer reduces the interaction between the separation functional layer and the membrane contaminant, but is not preferable because the amount of permeated water of the membrane is reduced.
- the polymer is preferably a hydrophilic compound.
- the hydrophilic compound it is possible to reduce a decrease in the amount of permeated water of the composite semipermeable membrane due to the coating treatment.
- the polymer is a crosslinked polymer.
- peeling of the coating layer can be suppressed when the composite semipermeable membrane is used continuously or washed with a chemical solution, and stable performance is exhibited for a long time. be able to.
- the hydrophilic compound of the present invention preferably has at least one reactive group that reacts with a functional group on the film surface.
- the reactive group may be any as long as it forms a covalent bond with the functional group on the film surface.
- Examples of the reactive group that binds to the acid halide on the film surface include a hydroxyl group, an amino group, and an epoxy group.
- Specific examples of hydrophilic compounds include polyvinyl alcohol, partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, polyethyleneimine, polyallylamine, polyepiaminohydrin, amine-modified polyepichlorohydrin, polyoxyethylenedipropylamine, amino group or hydroxyl group.
- a partially saponified product of vinyl acetate and a methacrylate ester copolymer a partially saponified product of vinyl acetate and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine copolymer, and the like.
- These may be used alone or in combination.
- a primary or secondary amino compound or a polymer having a hydroxyl group is preferably used.
- the amino group reacts with the acid halide
- an amide bond is formed between the crosslinked polyamide separation functional layer and the hydrophilic compound.
- the hydroxyl group reacts with the acid halide
- the crosslinked polyamide separation functional layer reacts with the hydrophilic property.
- An ester bond is formed with the compound.
- the hydrophilic compound having at least one reactive group that reacts with the functional group on the film surface further has a hydrophilic group that does not react with the functional group on the film surface.
- hydrophilic groups include ether groups, amide groups, ester groups, tertiary amino groups, quaternary ammonium groups, cyano groups, nitro groups, alkoxy groups, carboxyl groups, carbonyl groups, keto groups, alkoxycarbonyl groups, amides.
- cyano group formyl group, mercapto group, imino group, alkylthio group, sulfinyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfo group, nitroso group, phosphate group, phosphorylcholine group and the like.
- an electrically neutral hydrophilic group such as an ether group, an amide group or an ester group is preferred.
- An amphoteric charged polymer containing the same amount of positively charged groups and negatively charged groups is also preferable in controlling the zeta potential of the present invention.
- a hydrophilic compound having at least one reactive group that reacts with a functional group on the membrane surface reacts with a functional group on the surface of the crosslinkable polyamide separation functional layer to form a covalent bond and fix it on the membrane surface. Compared to the case of just adsorbing, stable performance can be expressed for a long time.
- the functional group present in the separation functional layer can be converted into a different functional group by an appropriately selected chemical reaction.
- an aromatic amino group causes a diazo coupling reaction via an aromatic diazonium salt by using dinitrogen tetroxide, nitrous acid, nitric acid, sodium hydrogen sulfite, sodium hypochlorite, or the like as a reagent.
- An amino group can also be converted to an azo group by reaction of an amino group with a nitroso compound.
- the zeta potential of the separation functional layer can be controlled by changing the concentration of the reagent to be reacted and the temperature and time for the reaction.
- the amount of the functional group before the reaction also affects the zeta potential of the obtained separation functional layer. Therefore, by reducing the thickness of the porous support layer, the unreacted substance remains at the time of production.
- the zeta potential of the separation functional layer can also be controlled by a method of reducing the amount or a method of removing the compound having a functional group by hot water washing after forming the separation functional layer.
- the yellowness of the separation functional layer is preferably 15 or more and 50 or less, and more preferably 20 or more and 45 or less.
- the yellowness varies depending on the amount of the azo compound and azo group in the separation functional layer, and when it is within the above range, the zeta potential of the present invention and the stability of the hydrophilic compound can be obtained.
- the yellowness of the separation functional layer is less than 15, the amount of the azo compound in the separation functional layer is small, so that the zeta potential of the present invention cannot be obtained. If the yellowness exceeds 50, the amount of azo compound is large and the amount of permeated water is low.
- An azo compound is an organic compound having an azo group (—N ⁇ N—), and is produced and retained in the separation functional layer when the separation functional layer is brought into contact with a reagent that reacts with an amino group or a carboxyl group. Is done.
- the yellowness degree is a degree defined by Japanese Industrial Standards JIS K7373 (2006), which is the degree to which the hue of the polymer is separated from colorless or white in the yellow direction, and is expressed as a positive value.
- the yellowness of the separation functional layer can be measured with a color meter. For example, when measuring yellowness in a composite semipermeable membrane in which a separation functional layer is provided on a support membrane, the reflection measurement method is simple. Also, after placing the composite semipermeable membrane on the glass plate so that the separation functional layer is on the bottom, dissolve and remove the support membrane with a solvent that dissolves only the support membrane, and remove the separation functional layer sample remaining on the glass plate. It can also be measured by a transmission measurement method.
- SM color computer SM-7 manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the polyamide separation functional layer has an amide group, an azo group, and a phenolic hydroxyl group, and the ratio of the phenolic hydroxyl group / amide group is 0.10 or less, so that even after contact with acid or alkali This is preferable because a composite semipermeable membrane with high chemical resistance and a small change in the amount of permeated water and low fouling property can be obtained. Since the phenolic hydroxyl group is protonated or deprotonated as the pH of the solution changes, the charge state of the polyamide chain constituting the separation functional layer changes and the higher order structure of the polyamide chain changes. There is concern that the amount of water and salt removal performance will change.
- Crosslinked aromatic polyamides formed by interfacial polycondensation of polyfunctional aromatic amines and polyfunctional acid halides do not have phenolic hydroxyl groups, but dinitrogen tetroxide, nitrous acid,
- a reagent such as nitric acid, sodium hydrogen sulfite or sodium hypochlorite
- the aromatic amino group is converted into an aromatic diazonium salt.
- the reaction which an aromatic diazonium salt is converted into a phenolic hydroxyl group arises by contacting with water.
- the lower limit of the phenolic hydroxyl group / amide group ratio is not particularly limited, but this ratio may be, for example, 0.005 or more, or 0.01 or more.
- an aromatic diazonium salt produced by post-treatment of a crosslinked aromatic polyamide is reacted with an aromatic compound having an electron donating group or a carbon acid having a highly acidic proton.
- the diazo coupling reaction is preferentially generated, and the generation of phenolic hydroxyl groups caused by the reaction with water is suppressed.
- the electron donating group include a hydroxy group, an amino group, and an alkoxy group.
- the root mean square surface roughness (Rms) of the separation functional layer is preferably 60 nm or more.
- the root mean square surface roughness is 60 nm or more, the surface area of the separation functional layer is increased and the amount of permeated water is increased.
- the coating layer is thick and the root mean square surface roughness is less than 60 nm, the amount of permeated water is greatly reduced.
- the root mean square roughness of the separation functional layer can be controlled by the monomer concentration and temperature when the separation functional layer is formed by interfacial polycondensation. For example, when the temperature during interfacial polycondensation is low, the root mean square roughness decreases, and when the temperature is high, the root mean square roughness increases. In addition, when the polymer is coated on the surface of the separation functional layer, the root mean square roughness becomes small if the coating layer is thick.
- the root mean square surface roughness can be measured with an atomic force microscope (AFM).
- the root mean square surface roughness is the square root of the value obtained by averaging the squares of deviations from the reference plane to the specified plane.
- the measurement surface is the surface indicated by all measurement data
- the specified surface is the surface that is subject to roughness measurement
- the specific portion specified by the clip of the measurement surface and the reference surface is the specified surface
- the average height is Z0
- Z0 Z0.
- the AFM for example, NanoScope IIIa manufactured by Digital Instruments can be used.
- the support membrane is for imparting strength to the polyamide separation functional layer having separation performance and itself has substantially no separation performance for ions and the like.
- a support membrane consists of a base material and a porous support layer.
- the size and distribution of pores in the support membrane are not particularly limited. For example, uniform and fine pores, or gradually having larger fine pores from the surface on the side where the separation functional layer is formed to the other surface, and separation.
- a support membrane in which the size of the micropores on the surface on which the functional layer is formed is 0.1 nm or more and 100 nm or less is preferable.
- the support membrane can be obtained, for example, by forming a porous support layer on the base material by casting a polymer on the base material.
- the material used for the support membrane and its shape are not particularly limited.
- the base material examples include a fabric made of at least one selected from polyester and aromatic polyamide. Particular preference is given to using polyesters which are highly mechanically and thermally stable.
- a long fiber nonwoven fabric or a short fiber nonwoven fabric can be preferably used.
- a polymer solution is cast on a substrate, it penetrates by over-penetration, the substrate and the porous support layer peel off, and the membrane is non-uniform due to fluffing of the substrate.
- the long fiber nonwoven fabric can be more preferably used because excellent film-forming properties that do not cause defects such as crystallization and pinholes are required.
- Examples of the long fiber nonwoven fabric include a long fiber nonwoven fabric composed of a thermoplastic continuous filament.
- the base material is made of a long-fiber nonwoven fabric
- the orientation of the fiber disposed on the side opposite to the porous support layer of the base material is the vertical orientation with respect to the film forming direction, the strength of the base material can be maintained and film breakage and the like can be prevented. Therefore, it is preferable.
- the vertical orientation means that the orientation direction of the fibers is parallel to or close to the film forming direction.
- the orientation direction of the fiber is perpendicular to the film forming direction or close to a right angle, the orientation is called horizontal orientation.
- the fiber orientation degree of the nonwoven fabric substrate is preferably such that the fiber orientation degree on the side opposite to the porous support layer is in the range of 0 ° to 25 °.
- the degree of fiber orientation is an index indicating the direction of the fibers of the nonwoven fabric substrate constituting the support membrane, and the direction of film formation during continuous film formation is 0 °, that is, the direction perpendicular to the film formation direction, that is, the nonwoven fabric.
- the average angle of the fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric substrate when the width direction of the substrate is 90 °. Accordingly, the fiber orientation degree is closer to 0 °, and the fiber orientation is closer to 90 °.
- the manufacturing process of the composite semipermeable membrane and the manufacturing process of the element include a heating step, but a phenomenon occurs in which the support membrane or the composite semipermeable membrane contracts due to heating.
- a phenomenon occurs in which the support membrane or the composite semipermeable membrane contracts due to heating.
- the film tends to shrink in the width direction. Since the support membrane or the composite semipermeable membrane shrinks, a problem arises in dimensional stability and the like, and therefore, a substrate having a low rate of thermal dimensional change is desired.
- the orientation degree difference between the fiber arranged on the opposite side of the porous support layer and the fiber arranged on the porous support layer side is 10 ° to 90 °, the change in the width direction due to heat is suppressed. This is preferable.
- the air permeability of the substrate is preferably 2.0 cc / cm 2 / sec or more.
- the air permeability is within this range, the amount of permeated water of the composite semipermeable membrane increases. This is a process of forming a support film.
- a high molecular weight polymer is cast on a base material and immersed in a coagulation bath, the non-solvent replacement rate from the base material side is increased, thereby increasing the porous support layer. This is thought to be because the internal structure of the resin changes and affects the retention amount and diffusion rate of the monomer in the subsequent step of forming the separation functional layer.
- the air permeability can be measured by a Frazier type tester based on JIS L1096 (2010). For example, a base material is cut out to a size of 200 mm ⁇ 200 mm and used as a sample. This sample is attached to the Frazier type tester, and the suction fan and air hole are adjusted so that the inclined barometer has a pressure of 125 Pa. Based on the pressure indicated by the vertical barometer and the type of air hole used, The amount of air passing through the material, that is, the air permeability can be calculated. As the Frazier type tester, KES-F8-AP1 manufactured by Kato Tech Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the thickness of the substrate is preferably in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 30 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m.
- the support membrane includes a base material and a porous support layer, and has substantially no separation performance for ions or the like, and gives strength to the separation functional layer having separation performance substantially. Is.
- vinyl polymer polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene sulfide sulfone, polyphenylene sulfone, polyphenylene oxide, and the like homopolymers or copolymers alone or blended.
- cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate can be used as the cellulose polymer
- polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile and the like can be used as the vinyl polymer.
- homopolymers or copolymers such as polysulfone, polyamide, polyester, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polyphenylene sulfide, and polyphenylene sulfide sulfone are preferable. More preferred is cellulose acetate, polysulfone, polyphenylene sulfide sulfone, or polyphenylene sulfone.
- polysulfone is highly stable chemically, mechanically and thermally, and is easy to mold. Can be used generally.
- polysulfone composed of repeating units represented by the following chemical formula because the pore diameter of the support membrane can be easily controlled and the dimensional stability is high.
- the N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution of the above polysulfone is cast on a densely woven polyester fabric or polyester nonwoven fabric to a certain thickness, and wet coagulated in water, so that the surface It is possible to obtain a support membrane having fine pores mostly having a diameter of several tens of nm or less.
- DMF dimethylformamide
- the thickness of the above support membrane affects the strength of the resulting composite semipermeable membrane and the packing density when it is used as an element.
- the thickness of the support film is preferably in the range of 30 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 100 ⁇ m to 220 ⁇ m.
- the morphology of the porous support layer can be observed with a scanning electron microscope, a transmission electron microscope, or an atomic microscope.
- a scanning electron microscope after peeling off the porous support layer from the substrate, it is cut by the freeze cleaving method to obtain a sample for cross-sectional observation.
- the sample is thinly coated with platinum or platinum-palladium or ruthenium tetrachloride, preferably ruthenium tetrachloride, and observed with a high resolution field emission scanning electron microscope (UHR-FE-SEM) at an acceleration voltage of 3 to 15 kV.
- UHR-FE-SEM high resolution field emission scanning electron microscope
- an S-900 electron microscope manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. can be used.
- the support membrane used in the present invention can be selected from various commercially available materials such as “Millipore Filter VSWP” (trade name) manufactured by Millipore, and “Ultra Filter UK10” (trade name) manufactured by Toyo Roshi Kaisha, “Office of Saleen Water Research and Development Progress Report” No. 359 (1968).
- the thickness of the porous support layer is preferably in the range of 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m. Since the porous support layer has a thickness of 20 ⁇ m or more, good pressure resistance can be obtained and a uniform support film having no defects can be obtained. Therefore, a composite semipermeable membrane provided with such a porous support layer Can exhibit good salt removal performance. When the thickness of the porous support layer exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the remaining amount of unreacted substances at the time of production increases, thereby reducing the amount of permeated water and chemical resistance.
- the thickness of the base material and the thickness of the composite semipermeable membrane can be measured with a digital thickness gauge. Moreover, since the thickness of the separation functional layer is very thin compared with the support membrane, the thickness of the composite semipermeable membrane can be regarded as the thickness of the support membrane. Therefore, the thickness of the porous support layer can be easily calculated by measuring the thickness of the composite semipermeable membrane with a digital thickness gauge and subtracting the thickness of the substrate from the thickness of the composite semipermeable membrane. As the digital thickness gauge, PEACOCK manufactured by Ozaki Manufacturing Co., Ltd. can be used. When a digital thickness gauge is used, the average value is calculated by measuring the thickness at 20 locations.
- the thickness may be measured with a scanning electron microscope. Thickness is calculated
- the manufacturing method includes a support film forming step and a separation functional layer forming step.
- the support film forming step includes a step of applying a polymer solution to a substrate and a step of immersing the substrate coated with the solution in a coagulation bath to coagulate the polymer. .
- the polymer solution is prepared by dissolving a polymer that is a component of the porous support layer in a good solvent for the polymer.
- the temperature of the polymer solution during application of the polymer solution is preferably in the range of 10 ° C. to 60 ° C. when polysulfone is used as the polymer. If the temperature of the polymer solution is within this range, the polymer does not precipitate, and the polymer solution is sufficiently impregnated between the fibers of the base material and then solidified. As a result, the porous support layer is firmly bonded to the substrate by the anchor effect, and a good support film can be obtained.
- the preferred temperature range of the polymer solution can be adjusted as appropriate depending on the type of polymer used, the desired solution viscosity, and the like.
- the time from application of the polymer solution on the substrate to immersion in the coagulation bath is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5 seconds. If the time until dipping in the coagulation bath is within this range, the organic solvent solution containing the polymer is sufficiently impregnated between the fibers of the base material and then solidified.
- the preferable range of time until it immerses in a coagulation bath can be suitably adjusted with the kind of polymer solution to be used, desired solution viscosity, etc.
- the coagulation bath water is usually used, but any solid can be used as long as it does not dissolve the polymer that is a component of the porous support layer.
- the membrane form of the support membrane obtained by the composition of the coagulation bath changes, and the resulting composite semipermeable membrane also changes.
- the temperature of the coagulation bath is preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. to 100 ° C. More preferably, it is 10 ° C to 50 ° C. When the temperature of the coagulation bath is higher than this range, the vibration of the coagulation bath surface becomes intense due to thermal motion, and the smoothness of the film surface after film formation tends to decrease. On the other hand, if the temperature is too low, the coagulation rate becomes slow and the film-forming property is lowered.
- the support membrane thus obtained is washed with hot water in order to remove the solvent remaining in the membrane.
- the temperature of the hot water at this time is preferably 40 ° C. to 100 ° C., more preferably 60 ° C. to 95 ° C. Within this range, the shrinkage of the support membrane does not increase and the amount of permeated water is good. Conversely, if the temperature is too low, the cleaning effect is small.
- Any organic solvent that dissolves the polyfunctional acid halide can be used as long as it is immiscible with water, does not destroy the support membrane, and does not inhibit the formation reaction of the crosslinked polyamide. May be.
- Typical examples include liquid hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons such as trichlorotrifluoroethane.
- hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, heptadecane A simple substance such as hexadecane, cyclooctane, ethylcyclohexane, 1-octene, 1-decene or a mixture thereof is preferably used.
- acylation catalyst for organic solvent solution containing polyfunctional amine aqueous solution or polyfunctional acid halide, acylation catalyst, polar solvent, acid scavenger, surface activity, if necessary, as long as they do not interfere with the reaction between both components
- a compound such as an agent and an antioxidant may be contained.
- the surface of the support membrane is coated with a polyfunctional amine aqueous solution.
- concentration of the aqueous solution containing the polyfunctional amine is preferably 0.1% by weight or more and 20% by weight or less, more preferably 0.5% by weight or more and 15% by weight or less.
- the surface of the supporting membrane may be uniformly and continuously coated with this aqueous solution, and a known coating means, for example, an aqueous solution is coated on the surface of the supporting membrane.
- a method, a method of immersing the support film in an aqueous solution, or the like may be performed.
- the contact time between the support membrane and the polyfunctional amine aqueous solution is preferably in the range of 5 seconds to 10 minutes, and more preferably in the range of 10 seconds to 3 minutes.
- a method for draining liquid for example, there is a method in which the film surface is allowed to flow naturally while being held in a vertical direction. After draining, the membrane surface may be dried to remove all or part of the water in the aqueous solution.
- an organic solvent solution containing the above-mentioned polyfunctional acid halide is applied to a support film coated with an aqueous polyfunctional amine solution, and a separation functional layer of crosslinked polyamide is formed by interfacial polycondensation.
- the time for performing the interfacial polycondensation is preferably from 0.1 second to 3 minutes, and more preferably from 0.1 second to 1 minute.
- the concentration of the polyfunctional acid halide in the organic solvent solution is not particularly limited. However, if it is too low, formation of the separation functional layer as an active layer may be insufficient, which may be a disadvantage. Therefore, it is preferably about 0.01% by weight or more and 1.0% by weight or less.
- the organic solvent solution after the reaction by a liquid draining step.
- a method of removing the excess organic solvent by naturally flowing it by holding the film in the vertical direction can be used.
- the time for gripping in the vertical direction is preferably between 1 minute and 5 minutes, and more preferably between 1 minute and 3 minutes.
- the holding time is 1 minute or longer, it is easy to obtain a separation functional layer having the desired function, and when it is 3 minutes or shorter, generation of defects due to over-drying of the organic solvent can be suppressed, thereby suppressing deterioration in performance. Can do.
- the composite semipermeable membrane obtained by the above-described method is further added with a process of washing with hot water for 1 minute to 60 minutes within the range of 25 ° C to 90 ° C, so that the solute blocking performance of the composite semipermeable membrane is added. And the amount of permeated water can be further improved.
- the hot water cleaning is preferably performed within the range of 25 ° C to 60 ° C.
- it is preferable to cool slowly after the hot water cleaning process for example, there is a method of cooling to room temperature by contacting with low temperature hot water stepwise.
- acid or alcohol may be contained in the hot water.
- the acid include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid, and organic acids such as citric acid and oxalic acid.
- the acid concentration is preferably adjusted to be pH 2 or less, more preferably pH 1 or less.
- the alcohol include monohydric alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and isopropyl alcohol, and polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol and glycerin.
- the concentration of the alcohol is preferably 10 to 100% by weight, more preferably 10 to 50% by weight.
- the reagent that reacts the separation functional layer with an unreacted functional group contained in the separation functional layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include aqueous solutions of nitrous acid and salts thereof, nitrosyl compounds, etc. that react with primary amino groups in the separation functional layer to form a diazonium salt or a derivative thereof. It is done. Since an aqueous solution of nitrous acid or a nitrosyl compound easily generates gas and decomposes, it is preferable to sequentially generate nitrous acid by, for example, a reaction between nitrite and an acidic solution.
- nitrite reacts with hydrogen ions to produce nitrous acid (HNO 2 ), but is efficiently produced when the aqueous solution has a pH of 7 or less, preferably pH 5 or less, more preferably pH 4 or less.
- aqueous solution of sodium nitrite reacted with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid in an aqueous solution is particularly preferable because of easy handling.
- the concentration of nitrous acid or nitrite in the reagent that reacts with the primary amino group to produce a diazonium salt or a derivative thereof is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 1% by weight. When the concentration is 0.01% by weight or more, it is easy to obtain a sufficient effect. When the concentration of nitrous acid or nitrite is 1% by weight or less, handling of the solution becomes easy.
- the temperature of the nitrous acid aqueous solution is preferably 15 ° C to 45 ° C.
- the reaction takes time, and when it exceeds 45 ° C, decomposition of nitrous acid is quick and difficult to handle.
- the contact time with the nitrous acid aqueous solution may be a time for forming a diazonium salt and / or a derivative thereof, and can be processed in a short time at a high concentration, but a long time is required at a low concentration. Therefore, in the solution having the above concentration, the contact time is preferably within 10 minutes, and more preferably within 3 minutes.
- the contacting method is not particularly limited, and the composite semipermeable membrane may be immersed in the reagent solution even if the reagent solution is applied.
- any solvent may be used as long as the reagent can be dissolved and the composite semipermeable membrane is not eroded.
- the solution may contain a surfactant, an acidic compound, an alkaline compound, or the like as long as it does not interfere with the reaction between the primary amino group and the reagent.
- a part of the diazonium salt produced by contact or a derivative thereof is converted into a phenolic hydroxyl group by reacting with water. Moreover, it reacts with the aromatic ring in the material forming the support membrane or the separation functional layer or the aromatic ring of the compound contained in the separation functional layer to form an azo group.
- the composite semipermeable membrane formed with the diazonium salt or derivative thereof may be further contacted with a reagent that reacts with the diazonium salt or derivative thereof.
- Reagents used here are chloride ion, bromide ion, cyanide ion, iodide ion, boron fluoride, hypophosphorous acid, sodium bisulfite, sulfite ion, aromatic amine, phenols, hydrogen sulfide, thiocyanate.
- An acid etc. are mentioned.
- halogen can be introduced by reacting with copper (I) chloride, copper (I) bromide, potassium iodide, or the like.
- a diazo coupling reaction occurs by making it contact with an aromatic amine and phenols, and it becomes possible to introduce
- these reagents may be used alone, may be used by mixing a plurality, or may be brought into contact with different reagents a plurality of times.
- a reagent that causes a diazo coupling reaction is preferably used because it effectively works to improve the boron removal rate of the composite semipermeable membrane. This is presumably because the substituent introduced instead of the amino group by the diazo coupling reaction is bulky, and the effect of closing the pores existing in the separation functional layer was obtained.
- Examples of the reagent that causes the diazo coupling reaction include compounds having an electron-rich aromatic ring or heteroaromatic ring.
- Examples of the compound having an electron-rich aromatic ring or heteroaromatic ring include aromatic amine derivatives, heteroaromatic amine derivatives, phenol derivatives, and hydroxyheteroaromatic ring derivatives.
- Specific examples of the above compounds include, for example, aniline, methoxyaniline bonded to the benzene ring in any positional relationship of ortho position, meta position, and para position, and two amino groups in the ortho position, meta position, and para position.
- the concentration and time of the reagent reacted with these diazonium salts or derivatives thereof can be adjusted as appropriate in order to obtain the desired effect.
- the contacting temperature is preferably 10 to 90 ° C, more preferably 20 to 60 ° C. When the contact temperature is less than 10 ° C, the reaction is difficult to proceed, and the desired effect may not be obtained, and may be converted to a phenolic hydroxyl group by reaction with water. At temperatures higher than 90 ° C, the polymer shrinks and permeates. The amount of water may decrease.
- the concentration of the reagent is preferably 0.01 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 1% by weight.
- the concentration is lower than 0.01% by weight, the reaction with the diazonium salt or a derivative thereof may take a long time.
- the concentration is higher than 10% by weight, it is difficult to control the reaction with the diazonium salt or the derivative thereof. It may become.
- the hydrophilic compound is formed by coating a solution containing a compound having a hydrophilic group on the separation functional layer and then heating.
- the hydrophilic compounds may be used alone or in combination.
- the hydrophilic compound is preferably used as a solution having a weight concentration of 10 ppm to 1%. If the concentration of the hydrophilic compound is less than 10 ppm, the separation functional layer is not sufficiently coated, and the adhesion of the membrane contaminants becomes remarkable, so that it is difficult to desorb the membrane contaminants during the cleaning. Since the coating layer becomes thicker than 1%, the surface zeta potential A that reflects the potential of the outermost surface of the membrane and the surface zeta potential B that is considered to reflect the potential of the separation functional layer with little influence of ions liberated in water. The potential difference of ⁇ 10 mV or more cannot be achieved.
- the solvent used in the solution containing the hydrophilic compound water, lower alcohol, halogenated hydrocarbon, acetone, acetonitrile, or the like is preferably used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Other compounds may be mixed in the solution as necessary.
- an alkaline metal compound such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, or sodium phosphate may be added, or the remaining water-immiscible solvent, free polyfunctional acid halide and amine
- a surfactant such as sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium benzenesulfonate.
- the method for crosslinking the hydrophilic compound is not particularly limited, but preferably thermal crosslinking is performed.
- a heating method when performing thermal crosslinking for example, a method of blowing hot air can be used.
- the heating temperature is preferably within the range of 30 to 150 ° C., more preferably within the range of 30 to 130 ° C., and even more preferably within the range of 60 to 100 ° C.
- the heating temperature is lower than 30 ° C, sufficient heating is not performed and the crosslinking reaction rate tends to decrease.
- the heating temperature is higher than 150 ° C, the side reaction tends to proceed.
- thermal crosslinking is performed at a temperature exceeding 150 ° C., the thermal shrinkage of the composite semipermeable membrane may increase, and the amount of permeated water tends to decrease.
- a crosslinking agent for crosslinking of the hydrophilic compound.
- the crosslinking agent include the aldehydes having at least two functional groups in one molecule, such as the acid or alkali, glyoxal, and glutaraldehyde described above.
- the raw material of the crosslinked polymer is preferably polyvinyl alcohol
- the crosslinking agent is glutaraldehyde
- the crosslinked polymer preferably contains a reaction product of polyvinyl alcohol and glutaraldehyde.
- the addition concentration of the crosslinking agent is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 5.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 1.0% by weight, and 0.01 to 0.00%. More preferably, it is in the range of 5% by weight.
- concentration is less than 0.01% by weight, the crosslinking density is lowered and the water insolubility of the crosslinked polymer tends to be insufficient.
- concentration is more than 5.0% by weight, the crosslinking density is increased and the amount of permeated water tends to decrease. Furthermore, there is a tendency that the cross-linking reaction rate is increased, gelation is likely to occur, and uniform coating becomes difficult.
- the reaction time for the crosslinking reaction is preferably 10 seconds to 3 minutes. If it is less than 10 seconds, the reaction may not proceed sufficiently, and if it exceeds 3 minutes, it is difficult to adjust to the zeta potential of the present invention.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention is coated with a cross-linked polymer, it is preferable that the amount of permeated water hardly decreases before and after that. That is, using a composite semipermeable membrane before the surface of the separation functional layer is coated with a cross-linked polymer, an aqueous solution having a pH of 6.5 mg and a NaCl concentration of 2,000 mg / l at a pressure of 1.55 MPa is 1
- the permeated water amount after time filtration is F1
- the permeated water amount after coating the surface of the separation functional layer with a crosslinked polymer is F2
- the value of F2 / F1 is preferably 0.80 or more. More preferably, it is 0.90 or more.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention comprises a plurality of pores together with a raw water channel material such as a plastic net, a permeate channel material such as tricot, and a film for increasing pressure resistance as required. Is wound around a cylindrical water collecting pipe and is suitably used as a spiral composite semipermeable membrane element. Furthermore, a composite semipermeable membrane module in which these elements are connected in series or in parallel and accommodated in a pressure vessel can be obtained.
- the above-described composite semipermeable membrane, its elements, and modules can be combined with a pump for supplying raw water to them, a device for pretreating the raw water, and the like to constitute a fluid separation device.
- a separation device By using this separation device, raw water can be separated into permeated water such as drinking water and concentrated water that has not permeated through the membrane, and water suitable for the purpose can be obtained.
- a high permeated water amount can be maintained in a low pressure region such as an operating pressure within a range of 0.1 to 3 MPa, more preferably within a range of 0.1 to 1.5 MPa.
- a composite semipermeable membrane or a fluid separation element can be used. Since the operating pressure can be lowered, the capacity of a pump to be used can be reduced, power consumption can be reduced, and the cost of water production can be reduced. When the operating pressure is less than 0.1 MPa, the amount of permeated water tends to decrease, and when it exceeds 3 MPa, the power consumption of the pump and the like increases and the membrane is easily clogged by fouling.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention uses a sodium chloride aqueous solution having a pH of 6.5 and a concentration of 2,000 mg / l, and the permeated water amount when filtered at 25 ° C. with an operating pressure of 1.0 MPa for 1 hour is 0.5 to 0.5%. It is preferable that it is 3m ⁇ 3 > / m ⁇ 2 > / d.
- Such a composite semipermeable membrane can be produced, for example, by appropriately selecting the production method described above. By setting the amount of water permeation in the range of 0.5 to 3 m 3 / m 2 / d, generation of fouling can be moderately suppressed and water can be formed stably.
- a hardly biodegradable organic substance such as a surfactant may be contained without being completely decomposed by biological treatment.
- the surfactant is adsorbed on the membrane surface, and the amount of permeated water is reduced.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention has a high amount of permeated water and a high detachability with respect to membrane contaminants, it can exhibit stable performance.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention is highly detachable from membrane contaminants. That is, the amount of permeated water when an aqueous solution having a pH of 6.5 mg and a NaCl concentration of 2,000 mg / l was filtered at a pressure of 1.55 MPa for 1 hour was defined as F3, followed by polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether Is added to the aqueous solution to a concentration of 100 mg / l, filtered for 1 hour, and washed with an aqueous solution having a NaCl concentration of 500 mg / l for 1 hour, where the amount of permeate is F4, the value of F4 / F3 is It is preferably 0.85 or more.
- the permeated water amount F3 is the same as the aforementioned permeated water amount F2.
- NaCl removal rate 100 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ (NaCl concentration in permeated water / NaCl concentration in feed water) ⁇
- the amount of permeated water when an aqueous solution of 2,000 mg / l was filtered at a pressure of 1.55 MPa for 1 hour was defined as F1
- the amount of permeated water after being coated with the crosslinked polymer was defined as F2
- the value of F2 / F1 was calculated.
- the amount of permeated water when an aqueous solution having a pH of 6.5 and a NaCl concentration of 2,000 mg / l at 25 ° C. was filtered at a pressure of 1.55 MPa for 1 hour was defined as F3.
- Oxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether was added to the aqueous solution to a concentration of 100 mg / l, filtered for 1 hour, and then washed with an aqueous solution having a NaCl concentration of 500 mg / l for 1 hour. The value of / F3 was calculated.
- the composite semipermeable membrane is washed with ultrapure water, set in a flat sample cell so that the separation functional layer surface of the composite semipermeable membrane is in contact with the monitor particle solution, and an electrophoretic light scattering photometer (ELS) manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. -8000).
- ELS electrophoretic light scattering photometer
- As the monitor particle solution a measurement solution in which polystyrene latex monitor particles were dispersed in an aqueous NaCl solution adjusted to pH 6, pH 10, or pH 3, respectively was used.
- the surface zeta potential A (pH 6, NaCl 10 mM), surface zeta potential B (pH 6, NaCl 1 mM), surface zeta potential C (pH 3, NaCl 1 mM), surface zeta potential D (pH 10, NaCl 1 mM) of the separation function layer are used. Each was measured.
- the amount of functional groups in the polyamide separation functional layer is determined by separating the substrate from the composite semipermeable membrane, obtaining the polyamide separation functional layer and the porous support layer, and then dissolving and removing the porous support layer with dichloromethane to separate the polyamide. A functional layer was obtained.
- the obtained polyamide separation functional layer was measured by DD / MAS- 13C solid state NMR method, and the amount of each functional group was determined by comparing the carbon peak of each functional group or the integrated value of the carbon peak to which each functional group was bonded. Calculated.
- Root mean square roughness A composite semipermeable membrane washed with ultrapure water and air-dried is cut into 1 cm squares, attached to a slide glass with double-sided tape, and the root mean square roughness (RMS) of the separation functional layer is measured with an atomic force microscope.
- RMS root mean square roughness
- cantilever Veeco Instruments NCHV-1 was used, and measurement was performed at normal temperature and pressure. The scan speed was 1 Hz, and the number of sampling points was 512 pixels square. Gwydion was used as the analysis software.
- the measurement results were subjected to one-dimensional baseline correction (tilt correction) for both the X axis and the Y axis.
- Air permeability The air permeability was measured by a fragile type tester based on JIS L1096 (2010). The base material is cut into a size of 200 mm ⁇ 200 mm, attached to a Frazier type tester, the suction fan and air hole are adjusted so that the inclined barometer has a pressure of 125 Pa, and the pressure indicated by the vertical barometer at this time The air permeability was determined from the type of air holes used.
- Frazier type tester KES-F8-AP1 manufactured by Kato Tech Co., Ltd. was used.
- this support membrane was immersed in a 3.5% by weight aqueous solution of metaphenylenediamine, and then the excess aqueous solution was removed, and further, trimesic acid halide was dissolved in n-decane to a concentration of 0.14% by weight. The solution was applied so that the surface of the porous support layer was completely wetted.
- the membrane was vertically drained and dried by blowing air at 20 ° C. using a blower. Then, it wash
- Example 1 The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 1 was used as an acid catalyst in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 88%, weight average molecular weight 2,000) and 0.2% by weight of glutaraldehyde. It was immersed for 1 minute in the aqueous solution which added hydrochloric acid so that it might become 0.1 mol / l. After holding for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 30 seconds to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 1 was used as an acid catalyst in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 88%, weight average molecular weight 2,000) and 0.2% by weight of glutaraldehyde. It was immersed for 1 minute in the aqueous solution which added hydrochloric acid so that it might become 0.1 mol / l. After maintaining for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 1 minute to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 2 The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 1 was used as an acid catalyst in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 88%, weight average molecular weight 2,000) and 0.2% by weight of glutaraldehyde. It was immersed for 2 minutes in an aqueous solution to which hydrochloric acid was added to a concentration of 0.1 mol / liter. After maintaining for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 4 minutes to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 3 The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 1 was immersed in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 99%, average degree of polymerization 500) for 2 minutes. After maintaining for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 4 minutes to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 4 The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 1 was treated with a 0.3 wt% aqueous sodium nitrite solution adjusted to pH 3 with sulfuric acid at 30 ° C. for 1 minute. The composite semipermeable membrane was taken out from the nitrous acid aqueous solution and then washed with pure water at 20 ° C. to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 4 was used as an acid catalyst in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 88%, weight average molecular weight 2,000) and 0.2% by weight of glutaraldehyde. It was immersed for 1 minute in the aqueous solution which added hydrochloric acid so that it might become 0.1 mol / l. After maintaining for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 45 seconds to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 4 was used as an acid catalyst in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 88%, weight average molecular weight 2,000) and 0.2% by weight of glutaraldehyde. It was immersed for 1 minute in the aqueous solution which added hydrochloric acid so that it might become 0.1 mol / l. After maintaining for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 1 minute to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 5 The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 4 was used as an acid catalyst in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 88%, weight average molecular weight 2,000) and 0.2% by weight of glutaraldehyde. It was immersed for 2 minutes in an aqueous solution to which hydrochloric acid was added to a concentration of 0.1 mol / liter. After holding for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 3 minutes to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 4 was immersed in an 80 ° C. aqueous solution containing 1% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 88%, weight average molecular weight 2,000) for 2 minutes. After maintaining for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 1 minute to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 6 The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 1 was treated with a 0.4 wt% sodium nitrite aqueous solution adjusted to pH 3 with sulfuric acid at 30 ° C. for 1 minute. After removing the composite semipermeable membrane from the nitrous acid aqueous solution, it was immersed in a 0.1% aniline aqueous solution at 30 ° C. for 1 minute. Subsequently, it was immersed in a 0.1 wt% aqueous sodium sulfite solution for 2 minutes. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 6 was immersed in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 88%, weight average molecular weight 2,000) and 0.2% by weight of glutaraldehyde for 1 minute. . After holding for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 30 seconds to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
- Example 7 The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 6 was used as an acid catalyst in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 88%, weight average molecular weight 2,000) and 0.2% by weight of glutaraldehyde. It was immersed for 1 minute in the aqueous solution which added hydrochloric acid so that it might become 0.1 mol / l. After holding for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 30 seconds to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 7 The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 6 was used as an acid catalyst in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 88%, weight average molecular weight 2,000) and 0.2% by weight of glutaraldehyde. It was immersed for 2 minutes in an aqueous solution to which hydrochloric acid was added to a concentration of 0.1 mol / liter. After holding for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 3 minutes to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention has a high amount of permeated water and a high detachability with respect to membrane contaminants, and can maintain stable performance for a long period of time.
- raw water can be separated into permeated water such as drinking water and concentrated water that has not permeated through the membrane, and water suitable for the purpose can be obtained.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention can be particularly suitably used for brine or seawater desalination.
Abstract
Description
現在市販されている逆浸透膜およびナノろ過膜の大部分は複合半透膜であり、支持膜上にゲル層と重合体を架橋した活性層を有するものと、支持膜上でモノマーを重縮合して形成された活性層を有するものとの2種類がある。なかでも、多官能アミンと多官能酸ハロゲン化物との重縮合反応によって得られる架橋ポリアミドからなる分離機能層を支持膜上に被覆して得られる複合半透膜は、透過水量や選択分離性の高い分離膜として広く用いられている。 There are a variety of techniques for removing substances (eg, salts) dissolved in a solvent (eg, water) with respect to separation of the mixture. In recent years, the use of a membrane separation method as an energy saving and resource saving process has been expanded. Examples of membranes used in the membrane separation method include microfiltration membranes, ultrafiltration membranes, nanofiltration membranes, and reverse osmosis membranes. These membranes are used, for example, in the case of obtaining drinking water from seawater, brine, water containing harmful substances, etc., in the production of industrial ultrapure water, wastewater treatment, recovery of valuable materials, and the like.
Most of the reverse osmosis membranes and nanofiltration membranes currently on the market are composite semipermeable membranes, which have an active layer in which a gel layer and a polymer are cross-linked on a support membrane, and polycondensation of monomers on the support membrane There are two types, one having an active layer formed. In particular, a composite semipermeable membrane obtained by coating a support membrane with a separation functional layer made of a crosslinked polyamide obtained by polycondensation reaction of a polyfunctional amine and a polyfunctional acid halide has a permeated water amount and a selective separation property. Widely used as a high separation membrane.
本発明の目的は、高い透過水量を達成でき、かつ、長期間の安定運転が可能な複合半透膜を提供することである。 Thus, the performance required for the reverse osmosis membrane is required not only to remove the salt and the amount of permeated water but also to be able to operate stably for a long period of time. The membranes described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 can increase the amount of permeated water, but have a problem of low fouling resistance. On the other hand, in the film described in Patent Document 3, the amount of permeated water may be reduced by coating. In addition, the composite semipermeable membranes described in Patent Document 4 and Patent Document 5 may have chemical resistance of the composite semipermeable membrane, but may require frequent chemical cleaning to eliminate fouling. There was room for study in terms of stable driving performance.
An object of the present invention is to provide a composite semipermeable membrane that can achieve a high amount of permeated water and that can be stably operated for a long period of time.
(1)基材および多孔性支持層を含む支持膜と、前記多孔性支持層上に設けられた分離機能層とを備える複合半透膜であって、
pH6、NaCl10mMの測定条件における前記分離機能層の表面ゼータ電位Aが±15mV以内であり、かつ
pH6、NaCl1mMの測定条件における前記分離機能層の表面ゼータ電位Bと、前記表面ゼータ電位Aとの電位差が±10mV以上である複合半透膜。
(2)前記分離機能層の表面の自乗平均面粗さが60nm以上である上記(1)に記載の複合半透膜。
(3)前記分離機能層が、多官能アミンと多官能酸ハロゲン化物との重合反応により得られたポリアミドから形成される上記(1)または(2)に記載の複合半透膜。
(4)pH3、NaCl1mMの測定条件における前記分離機能層の表面ゼータ電位Cと、pH10、NaCl1mMの測定条件における前記分離機能層の表面ゼータ電位Dとの電位差が、40mV以下である上記(1)~(3)いずれか1に記載の複合半透膜。
(5)前記分離機能層がアミノ基およびアミド基を含み、アミノ基のモル当量/アミド基のモル当量の比が0.2以上である上記(1)~(4)いずれか1に記載の複合半透膜。
(6)前記分離機能層がアミド基、アゾ基およびフェノール性水酸基を有し、フェノール性水酸基/アミド基の比が0.1以下である上記(1)~(5)いずれか1に記載の複合半透膜。
(7)前記分離機能層の表面が架橋重合体により被覆されている上記(1)~(6)いずれか1に記載の複合半透膜。
(8)前記架橋重合体が親水性化合物の架橋体である上記(7)に記載の複合半透膜。
(9)前記架橋重合体が、前記分離機能層の表面と共有結合を形成している上記(7)または(8)に記載の複合半透膜。
(10)前記分離機能層の表面が前記架橋重合体により被覆される前の複合半透膜を用いて、25℃、pH6.5、NaCl濃度が2,000mg/lである水溶液を1.55MPaの圧力で1時間ろ過したときの透過水量をF1とし、前記分離機能層の表面が前記架橋重合体により被覆された後の透過水量をF2としたとき、F2/F1の値が0.80以上である上記(7)~(9)いずれか1に記載の複合半透膜。
(11)25℃において、pH6.5、NaCl濃度が2,000mg/lである水溶液を1.55MPaの圧力で1時間ろ過したときの透過水量をF3とし、続いてポリオキシエチレン(10)オクチルフェニルエーテルを100mg/lの濃度となるように前記水溶液に加えて1時間ろ過後、NaCl濃度が500mg/lである水溶液で1時間洗浄したときの透過水量をF4としたとき、F4/F3の値が0.85以上である上記(1)~(10)いずれか1に記載の複合半透膜。 To achieve the above object, the present invention has the following configuration.
(1) A composite semipermeable membrane comprising a support membrane comprising a substrate and a porous support layer, and a separation functional layer provided on the porous support layer,
The surface zeta potential A of the separation functional layer under the measurement conditions of pH 6 and NaCl 10 mM is within ± 15 mV, and the potential difference between the surface zeta potential B of the separation functional layer and the surface zeta potential A under the measurement conditions of pH 6 and NaCl 1 mM. Is a composite semipermeable membrane having a value of ± 10 mV or more.
(2) The composite semipermeable membrane according to (1), wherein the root mean square roughness of the surface of the separation functional layer is 60 nm or more.
(3) The composite semipermeable membrane according to (1) or (2), wherein the separation functional layer is formed from a polyamide obtained by a polymerization reaction of a polyfunctional amine and a polyfunctional acid halide.
(4) The above (1), wherein the potential difference between the surface zeta potential C of the separation functional layer under pH 3 and NaCl 1 mM measurement conditions and the surface zeta potential D of the separation functional layer under pH 10 and NaCl 1 mM measurement conditions is 40 mV or less. (3) The composite semipermeable membrane according to any one of (1) to (3).
(5) The separation function layer according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the separation functional layer contains an amino group and an amide group, and the ratio of the molar equivalent of the amino group to the molar equivalent of the amide group is 0.2 or more. Composite semipermeable membrane.
(6) The separation function layer according to any one of (1) to (5) above, wherein the separation functional layer has an amide group, an azo group, and a phenolic hydroxyl group, and the ratio of the phenolic hydroxyl group / amide group is 0.1 or less. Composite semipermeable membrane.
(7) The composite semipermeable membrane according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the surface of the separation functional layer is coated with a crosslinked polymer.
(8) The composite semipermeable membrane according to (7), wherein the crosslinked polymer is a crosslinked compound of a hydrophilic compound.
(9) The composite semipermeable membrane according to (7) or (8), wherein the crosslinked polymer forms a covalent bond with the surface of the separation functional layer.
(10) Using the composite semipermeable membrane before the surface of the separation functional layer is coated with the cross-linked polymer, an aqueous solution having a pH of 6.5 and an NaCl concentration of 2,000 mg / l is 1.55 MPa. F1 / F1 is 0.80 or more when F1 is the amount of permeated water when filtered for 1 hour at a pressure of F2 and F2 is the amount of permeated water after the surface of the separation functional layer is coated with the crosslinked polymer. The composite semipermeable membrane according to any one of (7) to (9), wherein
(11) At 25 ° C., when the aqueous solution having a pH of 6.5 and a NaCl concentration of 2,000 mg / l is filtered at a pressure of 1.55 MPa for 1 hour, the amount of permeate is F3, followed by polyoxyethylene (10) octyl When phenyl ether is added to the aqueous solution to a concentration of 100 mg / l and filtered for 1 hour and then washed with an aqueous solution having a NaCl concentration of 500 mg / l for 1 hour, the amount of permeated water is F4. The composite semipermeable membrane according to any one of (1) to (10), wherein the value is 0.85 or more.
本発明の複合半透膜は、基材および多孔性支持層を含む支持膜と、該支持膜の多孔性支持層上に形成されたポリアミド分離機能層とを備える。本発明の複合半透膜は、分離機能層の表面ゼータ電位が、pH6、NaCl10mMの条件において測定したときに±15mV以内に制御されており、かつpH6、NaCl1mMの条件で測定したときとの表面ゼータ電位差が±10mV以上であることを特徴とする。 1. Composite Semipermeable Membrane The composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention includes a support membrane including a base material and a porous support layer, and a polyamide separation functional layer formed on the porous support layer of the support membrane. In the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention, the surface zeta potential of the separation functional layer is controlled within ± 15 mV when measured under the conditions of pH 6 and NaCl 10 mM, and the surface when measured under the conditions of pH 6 and NaCl 1 mM. The zeta potential difference is ± 10 mV or more.
分離機能層は、複合半透膜において溶質の分離機能を担う層である。分離機能層の組成および厚み等の構成は、複合半透膜の使用目的に合わせて設定される。
分離機能層は、具体的には、多官能アミンと多官能酸ハロゲン化物との界面重縮合によって得られる架橋ポリアミドからなる。以下、本発明における分離機能層を「ポリアミド分離機能層」とも記載する。 (1-1) Separation Function Layer The separation function layer is a layer that plays a role of separating the solute in the composite semipermeable membrane. The composition such as the composition and thickness of the separation functional layer is set in accordance with the intended use of the composite semipermeable membrane.
Specifically, the separation functional layer is made of a crosslinked polyamide obtained by interfacial polycondensation of a polyfunctional amine and a polyfunctional acid halide. Hereinafter, the separation functional layer in the present invention is also referred to as “polyamide separation functional layer”.
芳香族多官能アミンとは、一分子中に2個以上のアミノ基を有する芳香族アミンであり、特に限定されるものではないが、メタフェニレンジアミン、パラフェニレンジアミン、1,3,5-トリアミノベンゼンなどが例示される。また、そのN-アルキル化物として、N,N-ジメチルメタフェニレンジアミン、N,N-ジエチルメタフェニレンジアミン、N,N-ジメチルパラフェニレンジアミン、N,N-ジエチルパラフェニレンジアミンなどが例示される。性能発現の安定性から、特にメタフェニレンジアミンまたは1,3,5-トリアミノベンゼンが好ましい。 Here, the polyfunctional amine is preferably composed of at least one component selected from an aromatic polyfunctional amine and an aliphatic polyfunctional amine.
The aromatic polyfunctional amine is an aromatic amine having two or more amino groups in one molecule, and is not particularly limited, but includes metaphenylenediamine, paraphenylenediamine, 1,3,5-triamine. Examples include aminobenzene. Examples of the N-alkylated product include N, N-dimethylmetaphenylenediamine, N, N-diethylmetaphenylenediamine, N, N-dimethylparaphenylenediamine, and N, N-diethylparaphenylenediamine. In view of stability of performance, metaphenylenediamine or 1,3,5-triaminobenzene is particularly preferable.
ゼータ電位とは超薄膜層表面の正味の固定電荷の尺度であり、本発明の薄膜層表面のゼータ電位は、電気移動度から、下記数式(1)に示すヘルムホルツ・スモルコフスキー(Helmholtz-Smoluchowski)の式によって求めることができる。 As a result of intensive studies, the inventors of the present application have found that the surface zeta potential of the separation functional layer is closely related to the amount of permeated water of the composite semipermeable membrane and the detachability of membrane contaminants attached to the membrane surface. I found it.
The zeta potential is a measure of the net fixed charge on the surface of the ultrathin film layer, and the zeta potential on the surface of the thin film layer of the present invention is calculated from the electric mobility according to Helmholtz-Smolchowski as shown in the following formula (1). It can be calculated by the following formula.
ここで、石英ガラスセル中の水溶液を考えると、石英表面は通常マイナスに荷電されているため、セル表面付近にプラス荷電のイオンや粒子が集まる。一方、セル中心部にはマイナス荷電のイオンや粒子が多くなり、セル内でイオン分布が生じている。この状態で電場をかけると、セル内ではイオン分布を反映し、セル内の位置で異なる泳動速度でイオンが動く(電気浸透流という)。泳動速度はセル表面の電荷を反映したものであるので、この泳動速度分布を求めることにより、セル表面の電荷(表面電位)を評価することができる。 The principle of measuring the zeta potential will be described. In the (water) solution in contact with the material, there exists a stationary layer that cannot flow in the vicinity of the surface due to the influence of the charge on the surface of the material. The zeta potential is the potential for the solution at the interface (slip surface) between the stationary and fluidized layers of the material.
Here, considering the aqueous solution in the quartz glass cell, since the quartz surface is normally negatively charged, positively charged ions and particles gather near the cell surface. On the other hand, negatively charged ions and particles increase in the center of the cell, and ion distribution occurs in the cell. When an electric field is applied in this state, the ion distribution is reflected in the cell, and ions move at different migration speeds at positions in the cell (referred to as electroosmotic flow). Since the migration speed reflects the charge on the cell surface, the charge (surface potential) on the cell surface can be evaluated by obtaining this migration speed distribution.
分離機能層の黄色度は、カラーメーターにより測定できる。例えば、支持膜上に分離機能層が設けられた複合半透膜において黄色度を測定する場合であれば、反射測定方法が簡便である。また、複合半透膜を分離機能層が下になるようにガラス板に乗せてから、支持膜のみを溶解する溶媒にて支持膜を溶解および除去し、ガラス板上に残る分離機能層試料を透過測定方法によって測定することもできる。なお、複合半透膜をガラス板に乗せる際、支持膜の基材は、あらかじめ剥離しておくことが好ましい。カラーメーターは、スガ試験器株式会社製SMカラーコンピュータSM-7などが使用できる。 The yellowness degree is a degree defined by Japanese Industrial Standards JIS K7373 (2006), which is the degree to which the hue of the polymer is separated from colorless or white in the yellow direction, and is expressed as a positive value.
The yellowness of the separation functional layer can be measured with a color meter. For example, when measuring yellowness in a composite semipermeable membrane in which a separation functional layer is provided on a support membrane, the reflection measurement method is simple. Also, after placing the composite semipermeable membrane on the glass plate so that the separation functional layer is on the bottom, dissolve and remove the support membrane with a solvent that dissolves only the support membrane, and remove the separation functional layer sample remaining on the glass plate. It can also be measured by a transmission measurement method. In addition, when putting a composite semipermeable membrane on a glass plate, it is preferable to peel beforehand the base material of a support film. As the color meter, SM color computer SM-7 manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. can be used.
支持膜は、分離性能を有するポリアミド分離機能層に強度を与えるためのものであり、それ自体は、実質的にイオン等の分離性能を有さない。支持膜は、基材と多孔性支持層からなる。 (1-2) Support Membrane The support membrane is for imparting strength to the polyamide separation functional layer having separation performance and itself has substantially no separation performance for ions and the like. A support membrane consists of a base material and a porous support layer.
次に、上記複合半透膜の製造方法について説明する。製造方法は、支持膜の形成工程および分離機能層の形成工程を含む。 2. Manufacturing method Next, the manufacturing method of the said composite semipermeable membrane is demonstrated. The manufacturing method includes a support film forming step and a separation functional layer forming step.
支持膜の形成工程は、基材に高分子溶液を塗布する工程および溶液を塗布した前記基材を凝固浴に浸漬させて高分子を凝固させる工程を含む。
基材に高分子溶液を塗布する工程において、高分子溶液は、多孔性支持層の成分である高分子を、その高分子の良溶媒に溶解して調製する。 (2-1) Support film forming step The support film forming step includes a step of applying a polymer solution to a substrate and a step of immersing the substrate coated with the solution in a coagulation bath to coagulate the polymer. .
In the step of applying the polymer solution to the substrate, the polymer solution is prepared by dissolving a polymer that is a component of the porous support layer in a good solvent for the polymer.
次に、複合半透膜を構成する分離機能層の形成工程を説明する。ポリアミド分離機能層の形成工程では、前述の多官能アミンを含有する水溶液と、前述の多官能酸ハロゲン化物を含有する有機溶媒溶液とを用い、支持膜の表面で界面重縮合を行うことにより、ポリアミド分離機能層を形成する。 (2-2) Formation Process of Separation Function Layer Next, the formation process of the separation function layer constituting the composite semipermeable membrane will be described. In the formation process of the polyamide separation functional layer, by performing interfacial polycondensation on the surface of the support membrane using the aqueous solution containing the polyfunctional amine described above and the organic solvent solution containing the polyfunctional acid halide described above, A polyamide separation functional layer is formed.
例えば、塩化銅(I)、臭化銅(I)、ヨウ化カリウムなどと反応させることで、ハロゲンを導入することができる。また、芳香族アミン、フェノール類と接触させることでジアゾカップリング反応が起こり膜面に芳香族を導入することが可能となる。なお、これらの試薬は単一で用いてもよく、複数混合させて用いてもよく、異なる試薬に複数回接触させてもよい。これらの試薬の中でも、特にジアゾカップリング反応を起こす試薬が、複合半透膜のホウ素除去率向上に効果的に働くため好ましく利用される。これはジアゾカップリング反応によってアミノ基の代わりに導入される置換基がよりかさ高く、分離機能層内に存在する孔を塞ぐ効果が得られたためであると考えられる。
ジアゾカップリング反応が生じる試薬としては、電子豊富な芳香環または複素芳香環を持つ化合物が挙げられる。電子豊富な芳香環または複素芳香環を持つ化合物としては、芳香族アミン誘導体、複素芳香族アミン誘導体、フェノール誘導体、ヒドロキシ複素芳香環誘導体が挙げられる。上記化合物の具体的な例としては、例えば、アニリン、オルト位やメタ位、パラ位のいずれかの位置関係でベンゼン環に結合したメトキシアニリン、2個のアミノ基がオルト位やメタ位、パラ位のいずれかの位置関係でベンゼン環に結合したフェニレンジアミン、アミノ基とヒドロキシ基がオルト位やメタ位、パラ位のいずれかの位置関係でベンゼン環に結合したアミノフェノール、1,3,5-トリアミノベンゼン、1,2,4-トリアミノベンゼン、3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸、3-アミノベンジルアミン、4-アミノベンジルアミン、スルファニル酸、3,3’-ジヒドロキシベンジジン、1-アミノナフタレン、2-アミノナフタレン、1-アミノ-2-ナフトール-4-スルホン酸、2-アミノ-8-ナフトール-6-スルホン酸、2-アミノ-5-ナフトール-7-スルホン酸、またはそのN-アルキル化物、およびその塩類、フェノール、オルト位やメタ位、パラ位のいずれかのクレゾール、カテコール、レゾルシノール、ヒドロキノン、フロログルシノール、ヒドロキシキノール、ピロガロール、チロシン、1-ナフトール、2-ナフトールおよびその塩等が挙げられる。 Next, the composite semipermeable membrane formed with the diazonium salt or derivative thereof may be further contacted with a reagent that reacts with the diazonium salt or derivative thereof. Reagents used here are chloride ion, bromide ion, cyanide ion, iodide ion, boron fluoride, hypophosphorous acid, sodium bisulfite, sulfite ion, aromatic amine, phenols, hydrogen sulfide, thiocyanate. An acid etc. are mentioned.
For example, halogen can be introduced by reacting with copper (I) chloride, copper (I) bromide, potassium iodide, or the like. Moreover, a diazo coupling reaction occurs by making it contact with an aromatic amine and phenols, and it becomes possible to introduce | transduce an aromatic into a film surface. In addition, these reagents may be used alone, may be used by mixing a plurality, or may be brought into contact with different reagents a plurality of times. Among these reagents, a reagent that causes a diazo coupling reaction is preferably used because it effectively works to improve the boron removal rate of the composite semipermeable membrane. This is presumably because the substituent introduced instead of the amino group by the diazo coupling reaction is bulky, and the effect of closing the pores existing in the separation functional layer was obtained.
Examples of the reagent that causes the diazo coupling reaction include compounds having an electron-rich aromatic ring or heteroaromatic ring. Examples of the compound having an electron-rich aromatic ring or heteroaromatic ring include aromatic amine derivatives, heteroaromatic amine derivatives, phenol derivatives, and hydroxyheteroaromatic ring derivatives. Specific examples of the above compounds include, for example, aniline, methoxyaniline bonded to the benzene ring in any positional relationship of ortho position, meta position, and para position, and two amino groups in the ortho position, meta position, and para position. Phenylenediamine bonded to the benzene ring in any position of the position, aminophenol in which the amino group and hydroxy group are bonded to the benzene ring in any position of the ortho, meta, or para positions, 1, 3, 5 -Triaminobenzene, 1,2,4-triaminobenzene, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 3-aminobenzylamine, 4-aminobenzylamine, sulfanilic acid, 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine, 1-aminonaphthalene 2-aminonaphthalene, 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid, 2-amino-8-naphthol-6-sulfonic acid, 2-amino-5-naphthol-7-sulfonic acid, or an N-alkylated product thereof, and salts thereof, phenol, cresol in any of ortho, meta, and para positions, catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, phloroglucinol, Examples thereof include hydroxyquinol, pyrogallol, tyrosine, 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol and salts thereof.
上記の親水性化合物を含む溶液に用いる溶媒としては、水や低級アルコール、ハロゲン化炭化水素、アセトン、アセトニトリルなどが好適に用いられる。これらは1種を単独で用いても2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
溶液には必要に応じて他の化合物を混合してもかまわない。たとえば、反応を促進するため、炭酸ナトリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、リン酸ナトリウムなどのアルカリ性金属化合物を添加してもよいし、残存する水と非混和性の溶媒や、遊離多官能酸ハロゲン化物とアミン化合物との反応生成物を除去するため、ドデシル硫酸ソーダ、ベンゼンスルホン酸ソーダなどの界面活性剤を添加することも好ましい。 The hydrophilic compounds may be used alone or in combination. The hydrophilic compound is preferably used as a solution having a weight concentration of 10 ppm to 1%. If the concentration of the hydrophilic compound is less than 10 ppm, the separation functional layer is not sufficiently coated, and the adhesion of the membrane contaminants becomes remarkable, so that it is difficult to desorb the membrane contaminants during the cleaning. Since the coating layer becomes thicker than 1%, the surface zeta potential A that reflects the potential of the outermost surface of the membrane and the surface zeta potential B that is considered to reflect the potential of the separation functional layer with little influence of ions liberated in water. The potential difference of ± 10 mV or more cannot be achieved.
As the solvent used in the solution containing the hydrophilic compound, water, lower alcohol, halogenated hydrocarbon, acetone, acetonitrile, or the like is preferably used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
Other compounds may be mixed in the solution as necessary. For example, to accelerate the reaction, an alkaline metal compound such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, or sodium phosphate may be added, or the remaining water-immiscible solvent, free polyfunctional acid halide and amine In order to remove the reaction product with the compound, it is also preferable to add a surfactant such as sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium benzenesulfonate.
本発明の複合半透膜は、プラスチックネットなどの原水流路材と、トリコットなどの透過水流路材と、必要に応じて耐圧性を高めるためのフィルムと共に、多数の孔を穿設した筒状の集水管の周りに巻回され、スパイラル型の複合半透膜エレメントとして好適に用いられる。さらに、このエレメントを直列または並列に接続して圧力容器に収納した複合半透膜モジュールとすることもできる。 3. Utilization of Composite Semipermeable Membrane The composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention comprises a plurality of pores together with a raw water channel material such as a plastic net, a permeate channel material such as tricot, and a film for increasing pressure resistance as required. Is wound around a cylindrical water collecting pipe and is suitably used as a spiral composite semipermeable membrane element. Furthermore, a composite semipermeable membrane module in which these elements are connected in series or in parallel and accommodated in a pressure vessel can be obtained.
なお、本発明の複合半透膜の分離機能層の表面を架橋重合体で被覆した場合は、上記透過水量F3は前述の透過水量F2と同一となる。 Here, the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention is highly detachable from membrane contaminants. That is, the amount of permeated water when an aqueous solution having a pH of 6.5 mg and a NaCl concentration of 2,000 mg / l was filtered at a pressure of 1.55 MPa for 1 hour was defined as F3, followed by polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether Is added to the aqueous solution to a concentration of 100 mg / l, filtered for 1 hour, and washed with an aqueous solution having a NaCl concentration of 500 mg / l for 1 hour, where the amount of permeate is F4, the value of F4 / F3 is It is preferably 0.85 or more. More preferably, it is 0.90 or more. By using such a composite semipermeable membrane, even when fouling occurs on the surface of the membrane, the interaction between the membrane and the contaminant is suppressed by washing with an aqueous solution having a NaCl concentration of 500 mg / l or more. Since it has the effect to do, it can detach | desorb easily. Therefore, even when used for advanced treatment of sewage, it is possible to operate stably for a long period of time.
In addition, when the surface of the separation functional layer of the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention is coated with a crosslinked polymer, the permeated water amount F3 is the same as the aforementioned permeated water amount F2.
複合半透膜に、温度25℃、pH7、塩化ナトリウム濃度2,000ppmに調整した評価水を操作圧力1.55MPaで供給して膜ろ過処理を行なった。供給水および透過水の電気伝導度を東亜電波工業株式会社製電気伝導度計で測定して、それぞれの実用塩分、すなわちNaCl濃度を得た。こうして得られたNaCl濃度および下記式に基づいて、NaCl除去率を算出した。
NaCl除去率(%)=100×{1-(透過水中のNaCl濃度/供給水中のNaCl濃度)} (NaCl removal rate)
The composite semipermeable membrane was subjected to membrane filtration by supplying evaluation water adjusted to a temperature of 25 ° C., pH 7, and a sodium chloride concentration of 2,000 ppm at an operating pressure of 1.55 MPa. The electric conductivity of the supplied water and the permeated water was measured with an electric conductivity meter manufactured by Toa Denpa Kogyo Co., Ltd. to obtain the respective practical salinities, that is, NaCl concentrations. Based on the NaCl concentration thus obtained and the following equation, the NaCl removal rate was calculated.
NaCl removal rate (%) = 100 × {1− (NaCl concentration in permeated water / NaCl concentration in feed water)}
前項の試験において、供給水(NaCl水溶液)の膜透過水量を測定し、膜面1平方メートル当たり、1日の透水量(立方メートル)に換算した値を膜透過流束(m3/m2/d)とした。
なお、製膜時の透過水量評価においては、分離機能層表面が架橋重合体により被覆される場合は、被覆される前の複合半透膜を用いて、25℃、pH6.5、NaCl濃度が2,000mg/lである水溶液を1.55MPaの圧力で1時間ろ過したときの透過水量をF1とし、架橋重合体により被覆された後の透過水量をF2とし、F2/F1の値を算出した。
洗浄後の透過水量評価においては、25℃において、pH6.5、NaCl濃度が2,000mg/lである水溶液を1.55MPaの圧力で1時間ろ過したときの透過水量をF3とし、続いてポリオキシエチレン(10)オクチルフェニルエーテルを100mg/lの濃度となるように水溶液に加えて1時間ろ過後、NaCl濃度が500mg/lである水溶液で1時間洗浄したときの透過水量をF4とし、F4/F3の値を算出した。 (Permeate amount)
In the test of the preceding paragraph, the amount of the permeated water of the supply water (NaCl aqueous solution) was measured, and the value converted into the daily permeated amount (cubic meter) per square meter of the membrane surface was the membrane permeation flux (m 3 / m 2 / d ).
In the evaluation of the amount of permeated water at the time of membrane formation, when the separation functional layer surface is coated with a crosslinked polymer, the composite semipermeable membrane before coating is used at 25 ° C., pH 6.5, NaCl concentration. The amount of permeated water when an aqueous solution of 2,000 mg / l was filtered at a pressure of 1.55 MPa for 1 hour was defined as F1, the amount of permeated water after being coated with the crosslinked polymer was defined as F2, and the value of F2 / F1 was calculated. .
In the evaluation of the amount of permeated water after washing, the amount of permeated water when an aqueous solution having a pH of 6.5 and a NaCl concentration of 2,000 mg / l at 25 ° C. was filtered at a pressure of 1.55 MPa for 1 hour was defined as F3. Oxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether was added to the aqueous solution to a concentration of 100 mg / l, filtered for 1 hour, and then washed with an aqueous solution having a NaCl concentration of 500 mg / l for 1 hour. The value of / F3 was calculated.
多孔性支持層が形成される前の基材の厚み、および完成した複合半透膜の厚みを尾崎製作所株式会社製PEACOCKデジタルシックネスゲージにより測定して、その差を多孔性支持層厚みとした。基材の厚みおよび複合半透膜の厚みは、それぞれ幅方向に20点測定して平均値を算出した。
多孔性支持層厚み(μm)=支持膜厚み(μm)-基材厚み(μm) (Porous support layer thickness)
The thickness of the base material before the porous support layer was formed and the thickness of the completed composite semipermeable membrane were measured with a PEACOCK digital thickness gauge manufactured by Ozaki Seisakusho Co., Ltd., and the difference was defined as the thickness of the porous support layer. The thickness of the base material and the thickness of the composite semipermeable membrane were measured at 20 points in the width direction, and average values were calculated.
Porous support layer thickness (μm) = support film thickness (μm) −substrate thickness (μm)
複合半透膜を超純水で洗浄し、平板試料用セルに、複合半透膜の分離機能層面がモニター粒子溶液に接するようにセットし、大塚電子株式会社製電気泳動光散乱光度計(ELS-8000)により測定した。モニター粒子溶液としては、pH6、pH10、またはpH3にそれぞれ濃度調整したNaCl水溶液にポリスチレンラテックスのモニター粒子を分散させた測定液を用いた。
各測定液を用い、分離機能層の表面ゼータ電位A(pH6、NaCl10mM)、表面ゼータ電位B(pH6、NaCl1mM)、表面ゼータ電位C(pH3、NaCl1mM)、表面ゼータ電位D(pH10、NaCl1mM)をそれぞれ測定した。 (Zeta potential)
The composite semipermeable membrane is washed with ultrapure water, set in a flat sample cell so that the separation functional layer surface of the composite semipermeable membrane is in contact with the monitor particle solution, and an electrophoretic light scattering photometer (ELS) manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. -8000). As the monitor particle solution, a measurement solution in which polystyrene latex monitor particles were dispersed in an aqueous NaCl solution adjusted to pH 6, pH 10, or pH 3, respectively was used.
Using each measurement solution, the surface zeta potential A (pH 6, NaCl 10 mM), surface zeta potential B (pH 6, NaCl 1 mM), surface zeta potential C (pH 3, NaCl 1 mM), surface zeta potential D (pH 10, NaCl 1 mM) of the separation function layer are used. Each was measured.
ポリアミド分離機能層中の官能基量は、複合半透膜から基材を剥離し、ポリアミド分離機能層と多孔性支持層を得た後、多孔性支持層をジクロロメタンで溶解・除去し、ポリアミド分離機能層を得た。得られたポリアミド分離機能層をDD/MAS-13C固体NMR法により測定を行い、各官能基の炭素ピークまたは各官能基が結合している炭素ピークの積分値の比較から各官能基量を算出した。 (Functional group amount)
The amount of functional groups in the polyamide separation functional layer is determined by separating the substrate from the composite semipermeable membrane, obtaining the polyamide separation functional layer and the porous support layer, and then dissolving and removing the porous support layer with dichloromethane to separate the polyamide. A functional layer was obtained. The obtained polyamide separation functional layer was measured by DD / MAS- 13C solid state NMR method, and the amount of each functional group was determined by comparing the carbon peak of each functional group or the integrated value of the carbon peak to which each functional group was bonded. Calculated.
複合半透膜を超純水で洗浄し、風乾させたものを、1cm角に切り出し、スライドグラスに両面テープで貼り付け、分離機能層の自乗平均面粗さ(RMS)を、原子間力顕微鏡(Nanoscope IIIa:デジタル・インスツルメンツ社)を用い、タッピングモードで測定した。カンチレバーはVeeco Instruments NCHV-1を用い、常温常圧下で測定した。スキャンスピードは1Hz、サンプリング点数は512ピクセル四方であった。解析ソフトはGwyddionを用いた。測定結果について、X軸およびY軸ともに1次元のベースライン補正(傾き補正)を行った。 (Root mean square roughness)
A composite semipermeable membrane washed with ultrapure water and air-dried is cut into 1 cm squares, attached to a slide glass with double-sided tape, and the root mean square roughness (RMS) of the separation functional layer is measured with an atomic force microscope. (Nanoscope IIIa: Digital Instruments Co., Ltd.) was used for measurement in the tapping mode. As the cantilever, Veeco Instruments NCHV-1 was used, and measurement was performed at normal temperature and pressure. The scan speed was 1 Hz, and the number of sampling points was 512 pixels square. Gwydion was used as the analysis software. The measurement results were subjected to one-dimensional baseline correction (tilt correction) for both the X axis and the Y axis.
通気度は、JIS L1096(2010)に基づき、フラジール形試験機によって測定した。基材を200mm×200mmの大きさに切り出し、フラジール形試験機に取り付け、傾斜形気圧計が125Paの圧力になるように吸込みファンおよび空気孔を調整し、このときの垂直形気圧計の示す圧力と使用した空気孔の種類から通気度を求めた。フラジール形試験機は、カトーテック株式会社製KES-F8-AP1を使用した。 (Air permeability)
The air permeability was measured by a fragile type tester based on JIS L1096 (2010). The base material is cut into a size of 200 mm × 200 mm, attached to a Frazier type tester, the suction fan and air hole are adjusted so that the inclined barometer has a pressure of 125 Pa, and the pressure indicated by the vertical barometer at this time The air permeability was determined from the type of air holes used. As the Frazier type tester, KES-F8-AP1 manufactured by Kato Tech Co., Ltd. was used.
(比較例1)
抄紙法で製造されたポリエステル繊維からなる不織布(通気度1.0cc/cm2/sec)上にポリスルホンの15.0重量%ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)溶液を室温(25℃)でキャストした後、ただちに純水中に5分間浸漬することによって、多孔性支持層の厚みが40μmである支持膜を作製した。
次に、この支持膜をメタフェニレンジアミンの3.5重量%水溶液に浸漬した後、余分な水溶液を除去し、さらにn-デカンにトリメシン酸ハロゲン化物を0.14重量%となるように溶解した溶液を多孔性支持層の表面が完全に濡れるように塗布した。次に膜から余分な溶液を除去するために、膜を垂直にして液切りを行って、送風機を使い20℃の空気を吹き付けて乾燥させた。その後、40℃の純水で洗浄し、複合半透膜を得た。このようにして得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、膜性能は、表1に示す値であった。 (Production of composite semipermeable membrane)
(Comparative Example 1)
Immediately after casting a 15.0 wt% dimethylformamide (DMF) solution of polysulfone on a non-woven fabric (air permeability 1.0 cc / cm 2 / sec) made of polyester fiber produced by the papermaking method at room temperature (25 ° C.) By immersing in pure water for 5 minutes, a support membrane having a porous support layer thickness of 40 μm was produced.
Next, this support membrane was immersed in a 3.5% by weight aqueous solution of metaphenylenediamine, and then the excess aqueous solution was removed, and further, trimesic acid halide was dissolved in n-decane to a concentration of 0.14% by weight. The solution was applied so that the surface of the porous support layer was completely wetted. Next, in order to remove excess solution from the membrane, the membrane was vertically drained and dried by blowing air at 20 ° C. using a blower. Then, it wash | cleaned with the pure water of 40 degreeC, and obtained the composite semipermeable membrane. When the composite semipermeable membrane obtained in this way was evaluated, the membrane performance was the value shown in Table 1.
比較例1で得られた複合半透膜をポリビニルアルコール(けん化度88%、重量平均分子量2,000)0.5重量%と、グルタルアルデヒド0.2重量%とを含む水溶液に、酸触媒として塩酸を0.1モル/リットルとなるように添加した水溶液に1分間浸漬した。垂直で1分間保持し余分な液を切った後に熱風乾燥機で90℃、30秒間乾燥して、分離機能層がポリビニルアルコールでコーティングされた複合半透膜を得た。複合半透膜は、評価前に10%イソプロパノール水溶液に10分間浸漬し親水化処理を行った。このようにして得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、膜性能は表1に示す値であった。 (Example 1)
The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 1 was used as an acid catalyst in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 88%, weight average molecular weight 2,000) and 0.2% by weight of glutaraldehyde. It was immersed for 1 minute in the aqueous solution which added hydrochloric acid so that it might become 0.1 mol / l. After holding for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 30 seconds to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
比較例1で得られた複合半透膜をポリビニルアルコール(けん化度88%、重量平均分子量2,000)0.5重量%と、グルタルアルデヒド0.2重量%とを含む水溶液に、酸触媒として塩酸を0.1モル/リットルとなるように添加した水溶液に1分間浸漬した。垂直で1分間保持し余分な液を切った後に熱風乾燥機で90℃、1分間乾燥して、分離機能層がポリビニルアルコールでコーティングされた複合半透膜を得た。複合半透膜は、評価前に10%イソプロパノール水溶液に10分間浸漬し親水化処理を行った。このようにして得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、膜性能は表1に示す値であった。 (Example 2)
The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 1 was used as an acid catalyst in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 88%, weight average molecular weight 2,000) and 0.2% by weight of glutaraldehyde. It was immersed for 1 minute in the aqueous solution which added hydrochloric acid so that it might become 0.1 mol / l. After maintaining for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 1 minute to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
比較例1で得られた複合半透膜をポリビニルアルコール(けん化度88%、重量平均分子量2,000)0.5重量%と、グルタルアルデヒド0.2重量%とを含む水溶液に、酸触媒として塩酸を0.1モル/リットルとなるように添加した水溶液に2分間浸漬した。垂直で1分間保持し余分な液を切った後に熱風乾燥機で90℃、4分間乾燥して、分離機能層がポリビニルアルコールでコーティングされた複合半透膜を得た。複合半透膜は、評価前に10%イソプロパノール水溶液に10分間浸漬し親水化処理を行った。このようにして得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、膜性能は表1に示す値であった。 (Comparative Example 2)
The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 1 was used as an acid catalyst in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 88%, weight average molecular weight 2,000) and 0.2% by weight of glutaraldehyde. It was immersed for 2 minutes in an aqueous solution to which hydrochloric acid was added to a concentration of 0.1 mol / liter. After maintaining for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 4 minutes to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
比較例1で得られた複合半透膜をポリビニルアルコール(けん化度99%、平均重合度500)0.5重量%を含む水溶液に2分間浸漬した。垂直で1分間保持し余分な液を切った後に熱風乾燥機で90℃、4分間乾燥して、分離機能層がポリビニルアルコールでコーティングされた複合半透膜を得た。複合半透膜は、評価前に10%イソプロパノール水溶液に10分間浸漬し親水化処理を行った。このようにして得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、膜性能は表1に示す値であった。 (Comparative Example 3)
The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 1 was immersed in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 99%, average degree of polymerization 500) for 2 minutes. After maintaining for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 4 minutes to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
比較例1で得られた複合半透膜を、硫酸によりpH3に調整した0.3重量%の亜硝酸ナトリウム水溶液により30℃で1分間処理した。複合半透膜を亜硝酸水溶液から取り出した後、20℃の純水で洗浄して複合半透膜を得た。このようにして得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、膜性能は表1に示す値であった。 (Comparative Example 4)
The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 1 was treated with a 0.3 wt% aqueous sodium nitrite solution adjusted to pH 3 with sulfuric acid at 30 ° C. for 1 minute. The composite semipermeable membrane was taken out from the nitrous acid aqueous solution and then washed with pure water at 20 ° C. to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
比較例4で得られた複合半透膜をポリビニルアルコール(けん化度88%、重量平均分子量2,000)0.5重量%と、グルタルアルデヒド0.2重量%とを含む水溶液に、酸触媒として塩酸を0.1モル/リットルとなるように添加した水溶液に1分間浸漬した。垂直で1分間保持し余分な液を切った後に熱風乾燥機で90℃、45秒間乾燥して、分離機能層がポリビニルアルコールでコーティングされた複合半透膜を得た。複合半透膜は、評価前に10%イソプロパノール水溶液に10分間浸漬し親水化処理を行った。このようにして得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、膜性能は表1に示す値であった。 (Example 3)
The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 4 was used as an acid catalyst in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 88%, weight average molecular weight 2,000) and 0.2% by weight of glutaraldehyde. It was immersed for 1 minute in the aqueous solution which added hydrochloric acid so that it might become 0.1 mol / l. After maintaining for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 45 seconds to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
比較例4で得られた複合半透膜をポリビニルアルコール(けん化度88%、重量平均分子量2,000)0.5重量%と、グルタルアルデヒド0.2重量%とを含む水溶液に、酸触媒として塩酸を0.1モル/リットルとなるように添加した水溶液に1分間浸漬した。垂直で1分間保持し余分な液を切った後に熱風乾燥機で90℃、1分間乾燥して、分離機能層がポリビニルアルコールでコーティングされた複合半透膜を得た。複合半透膜は、評価前に10%イソプロパノール水溶液に10分間浸漬し親水化処理を行った。このようにして得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、膜性能は表1に示す値であった。 Example 4
The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 4 was used as an acid catalyst in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 88%, weight average molecular weight 2,000) and 0.2% by weight of glutaraldehyde. It was immersed for 1 minute in the aqueous solution which added hydrochloric acid so that it might become 0.1 mol / l. After maintaining for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 1 minute to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
比較例4で得られた複合半透膜をポリビニルアルコール(けん化度88%、重量平均分子量2,000)0.5重量%と、グルタルアルデヒド0.2重量%とを含む水溶液に、酸触媒として塩酸を0.1モル/リットルとなるように添加した水溶液に2分間浸漬した。垂直で1分間保持し余分な液を切った後に熱風乾燥機で90℃、3分間乾燥して、分離機能層がポリビニルアルコールでコーティングされた複合半透膜を得た。複合半透膜は、評価前に10%イソプロパノール水溶液に10分間浸漬し親水化処理を行った。このようにして得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、膜性能は表1に示す値であった。 (Comparative Example 5)
The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 4 was used as an acid catalyst in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 88%, weight average molecular weight 2,000) and 0.2% by weight of glutaraldehyde. It was immersed for 2 minutes in an aqueous solution to which hydrochloric acid was added to a concentration of 0.1 mol / liter. After holding for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 3 minutes to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
比較例4で得られた複合半透膜をポリビニルアルコール(けん化度88%、重量平均分子量2,000)1重量%を含む80℃水溶液に2分間浸漬した。垂直で1分間保持し余分な液を切った後に熱風乾燥機で90℃、1分間乾燥して、分離機能層がポリビニルアルコールでコーティングされた複合半透膜を得た。複合半透膜は、評価前に10%イソプロパノール水溶液に10分間浸漬し親水化処理を行った。このようにして得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、膜性能は表1に示す値であった。 (Example 5)
The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 4 was immersed in an 80 ° C. aqueous solution containing 1% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 88%, weight average molecular weight 2,000) for 2 minutes. After maintaining for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 1 minute to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
比較例1で得られた複合半透膜を硫酸によりpH3に調整した0.4重量%の亜硝酸ナトリウム水溶液により30℃で1分間処理した。複合半透膜を亜硝酸水溶液から取り出した後、アニリン0.1%水溶液に30℃で1分間浸漬させた。続いて0.1重量%の亜硫酸ナトリウム水溶液に2分間浸漬した。このようにして得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、膜性能は表1に示す値であった。 (Comparative Example 6)
The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 1 was treated with a 0.4 wt% sodium nitrite aqueous solution adjusted to pH 3 with sulfuric acid at 30 ° C. for 1 minute. After removing the composite semipermeable membrane from the nitrous acid aqueous solution, it was immersed in a 0.1% aniline aqueous solution at 30 ° C. for 1 minute. Subsequently, it was immersed in a 0.1 wt% aqueous sodium sulfite solution for 2 minutes. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
比較例6で得られた複合半透膜をポリビニルアルコール(けん化度88%、重量平均分子量2,000)0.5重量%と、グルタルアルデヒド0.2重量%とを含む水溶液に1分間浸漬した。垂直で1分間保持し余分な液を切った後に熱風乾燥機で90℃、30秒間乾燥して、分離機能層がポリビニルアルコールでコーティングされた複合半透膜を得た。複合半透膜は、評価前に10%イソプロパノール水溶液に10分間浸漬し親水化処理を行った。このようにして得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、膜性能は表1に示す値であった。 (Example 6)
The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 6 was immersed in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 88%, weight average molecular weight 2,000) and 0.2% by weight of glutaraldehyde for 1 minute. . After holding for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 30 seconds to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
比較例6で得られた複合半透膜をポリビニルアルコール(けん化度88%、重量平均分子量2,000)0.5重量%と、グルタルアルデヒド0.2重量%とを含む水溶液に、酸触媒として塩酸を0.1モル/リットルとなるように添加した水溶液に1分間浸漬した。垂直で1分間保持し余分な液を切った後に熱風乾燥機で90℃、30秒間乾燥して、分離機能層がポリビニルアルコールでコーティングされた複合半透膜を得た。複合半透膜は、評価前に10%イソプロパノール水溶液に10分間浸漬し親水化処理を行った。このようにして得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、膜性能は表1に示す値であった。 (Example 7)
The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 6 was used as an acid catalyst in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 88%, weight average molecular weight 2,000) and 0.2% by weight of glutaraldehyde. It was immersed for 1 minute in the aqueous solution which added hydrochloric acid so that it might become 0.1 mol / l. After holding for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 30 seconds to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
比較例6で得られた複合半透膜をポリビニルアルコール(けん化度88%、重量平均分子量2,000)0.5重量%と、グルタルアルデヒド0.2重量%とを含む水溶液に、酸触媒として塩酸を0.1モル/リットルとなるように添加した水溶液に2分間浸漬した。垂直で1分間保持し余分な液を切った後に熱風乾燥機で90℃、3分間乾燥して、分離機能層がポリビニルアルコールでコーティングされた複合半透膜を得た。複合半透膜は、評価前に10%イソプロパノール水溶液に10分間浸漬し親水化処理を行った。このようにして得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、膜性能は表1に示す値であった。 (Comparative Example 7)
The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 6 was used as an acid catalyst in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 88%, weight average molecular weight 2,000) and 0.2% by weight of glutaraldehyde. It was immersed for 2 minutes in an aqueous solution to which hydrochloric acid was added to a concentration of 0.1 mol / liter. After holding for 1 minute vertically and cutting off excess liquid, it was dried in a hot air dryer at 90 ° C. for 3 minutes to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing in a 10% aqueous isopropanol solution for 10 minutes before evaluation. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was evaluated. The membrane performance was as shown in Table 1.
Claims (11)
- 基材および多孔性支持層を含む支持膜と、前記多孔性支持層上に設けられた分離機能層とを備える複合半透膜であって、
pH6、NaCl10mMの測定条件における前記分離機能層の表面ゼータ電位Aが±15mV以内であり、かつ
pH6、NaCl1mMの測定条件における前記分離機能層の表面ゼータ電位Bと、前記表面ゼータ電位Aとの電位差が±10mV以上である複合半透膜。 A composite semipermeable membrane comprising a support membrane comprising a substrate and a porous support layer, and a separation functional layer provided on the porous support layer,
The surface zeta potential A of the separation functional layer under the measurement conditions of pH 6 and NaCl 10 mM is within ± 15 mV, and the potential difference between the surface zeta potential B of the separation functional layer and the surface zeta potential A under the measurement conditions of pH 6 and NaCl 1 mM. Is a composite semipermeable membrane having a value of ± 10 mV or more. - 前記分離機能層の表面の自乗平均面粗さが60nm以上である請求項1に記載の複合半透膜。 The composite semipermeable membrane according to claim 1, wherein the root mean square roughness of the surface of the separation functional layer is 60 nm or more.
- 前記分離機能層が、多官能アミンと多官能酸ハロゲン化物との重合反応により得られたポリアミドから形成される請求項1または請求項2に記載の複合半透膜。 The composite semipermeable membrane according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the separation functional layer is formed from a polyamide obtained by a polymerization reaction of a polyfunctional amine and a polyfunctional acid halide.
- pH3、NaCl1mMの測定条件における前記分離機能層の表面ゼータ電位Cと、pH10、NaCl1mMの測定条件における前記分離機能層の表面ゼータ電位Dとの電位差が、40mV以下である請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の複合半透膜。 The potential difference between the surface zeta potential C of the separation functional layer under pH 3 and NaCl 1 mM measurement conditions and the surface zeta potential D of the separation functional layer under pH 10 and NaCl 1 mM measurement conditions is 40 mV or less. The composite semipermeable membrane according to any one of the above.
- 前記分離機能層がアミノ基およびアミド基を含み、アミノ基のモル当量/アミド基のモル当量の比が0.2以上である請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の複合半透膜。 The composite half layer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the separation functional layer includes an amino group and an amide group, and a ratio of a molar equivalent of the amino group to a molar equivalent of the amide group is 0.2 or more. Permeable membrane.
- 前記分離機能層がアミド基、アゾ基およびフェノール性水酸基を有し、フェノール性水酸基/アミド基の比が0.1以下である請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の複合半透膜。 The composite half layer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the separation functional layer has an amide group, an azo group, and a phenolic hydroxyl group, and the ratio of the phenolic hydroxyl group / amide group is 0.1 or less. Permeable membrane.
- 前記分離機能層の表面が架橋重合体により被覆されている請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の複合半透膜。 The composite semipermeable membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a surface of the separation functional layer is coated with a crosslinked polymer.
- 前記架橋重合体が親水性化合物の架橋体である請求項7に記載の複合半透膜。 The composite semipermeable membrane according to claim 7, wherein the crosslinked polymer is a crosslinked product of a hydrophilic compound.
- 前記架橋重合体が、前記分離機能層の表面と共有結合を形成している請求項7または請求項8に記載の複合半透膜。 The composite semipermeable membrane according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the cross-linked polymer forms a covalent bond with the surface of the separation functional layer.
- 前記分離機能層の表面が前記架橋重合体により被覆される前の複合半透膜を用いて、25℃、pH6.5、NaCl濃度が2,000mg/lである水溶液を1.55MPaの圧力で1時間ろ過したときの透過水量をF1とし、前記分離機能層の表面が前記架橋重合体により被覆された後の透過水量をF2としたとき、F2/F1の値が0.80以上である請求項7~請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の複合半透膜。 Using the composite semipermeable membrane before the surface of the separation functional layer is coated with the crosslinked polymer, an aqueous solution having a pH of 6.5 mg and a NaCl concentration of 2,000 mg / l at a pressure of 1.55 MPa is used. The value of F2 / F1 is 0.80 or more, where F1 is the amount of permeated water when filtered for 1 hour, and F2 is the amount of permeated water after the surface of the separation functional layer is coated with the crosslinked polymer. Item 10. The composite semipermeable membrane according to any one of Items 7 to 9.
- 25℃において、pH6.5、NaCl濃度が2,000mg/lである水溶液を1.55MPaの圧力で1時間ろ過したときの透過水量をF3とし、続いてポリオキシエチレン(10)オクチルフェニルエーテルを100mg/lの濃度となるように前記水溶液に加えて1時間ろ過後、NaCl濃度が500mg/lである水溶液で1時間洗浄したときの透過水量をF4としたとき、F4/F3の値が0.85以上である請求項1~請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の複合半透膜。 At 25 ° C., when the aqueous solution having a pH of 6.5 and a NaCl concentration of 2,000 mg / l was filtered at a pressure of 1.55 MPa for 1 hour, the amount of permeated water was F3, followed by polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether. In addition to the aqueous solution so as to have a concentration of 100 mg / l, after filtration for 1 hour, when the permeated water amount when washed with an aqueous solution having a NaCl concentration of 500 mg / l for 1 hour is F4, the value of F4 / F3 is 0. The composite semipermeable membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 10, which is 0.85 or more.
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