WO2014127617A1 - 双火球八角直流燃烧器煤粉浓淡分离布置方式 - Google Patents

双火球八角直流燃烧器煤粉浓淡分离布置方式 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014127617A1
WO2014127617A1 PCT/CN2013/082335 CN2013082335W WO2014127617A1 WO 2014127617 A1 WO2014127617 A1 WO 2014127617A1 CN 2013082335 W CN2013082335 W CN 2013082335W WO 2014127617 A1 WO2014127617 A1 WO 2014127617A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pulverized coal
coal
burners
nozzle
furnace
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PCT/CN2013/082335
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建文
乌晓江
熊杰
马胜
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上海锅炉厂有限公司
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Application filed by 上海锅炉厂有限公司 filed Critical 上海锅炉厂有限公司
Priority to MYUI2014703867A priority Critical patent/MY194138A/en
Publication of WO2014127617A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014127617A1/zh
Priority to ZA2014/06667A priority patent/ZA201406667B/en

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C5/00Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
    • F23C5/08Disposition of burners
    • F23C5/10Disposition of burners to obtain a flame ring
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F23C6/047Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure with fuel supply in stages
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23KFEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K3/02Pneumatic feeding arrangements, i.e. by air blast
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/10Furnace staging
    • F23C2201/101Furnace staging in vertical direction, e.g. alternating lean and rich zones
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • Double fireball octagonal DC burner pulverized coal separation scheme Double fireball octagonal DC burner pulverized coal separation scheme
  • the invention relates to a double fireball octagonal direct current burner pulverized coal separation and arrangement method for burning anthracite, belonging to the technical field of pulverized coal combustion devices. Background technique
  • China's proven coal reserves are about 640 billion tons, of which low-volatility anthracite accounts for about 14.6% of total coal reserves.
  • the burning of anthracite in thermal power plants in China accounts for about 3% of the total coal used for power generation, and this figure is still increasing.
  • Anthracite has low volatile content, low hydrogen content, high ignition temperature, and slow flame propagation. If the combustion structure is not good, it is prone to low-load combustion instability. When the coal quality deteriorates, the high load of the boiler is easily extinguished. The combustion efficiency is generally lower.
  • anthracite coal at home and abroad uses W flame boilers, four-corner tangentially fired boilers, and front and rear wall counter-rotating rotary combustion boilers.
  • the maximum capacity of W flame boiler is 600MW.
  • the maximum capacity of the four-corner tangentially fired boiler and the front and rear wall counter-rotating combustion boiler is 300MW.
  • the number of pulverized coal nozzles corresponding to a single coal mill is 50% to 100% higher than that of a 300MW ⁇ 600MW boiler due to the limitation of the thermal power of a single pulverized coal nozzle.
  • the number of pulverized coal nozzles for a single coal mill is 8 and the total number of pulverized coal nozzles is 48. .
  • the number of single-angle primary pulverized coal nozzles is twelve, and the burner is divided into two to three groups in the vertical direction, which results in the top and bottom of the burner.
  • the distance between the two primary pulverized coal nozzles is large, the thermal load qnr of the burner area is low, and the combustion temperature in this area is low, which is not conducive to the timely and stable ignition of the anthracite gas flow and the boiler. Do not put oil and low load and stabilize combustion.
  • FIG. 1 and Figure 2 illustrate the existing tangential arrangement of the burner with a 1000 MW ultra-supercritical tower boiler as an example.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line ⁇ - ⁇ of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I - I of Fig. 2.
  • This arrangement includes a boiler body 1, a furnace 2, a coal mill 3, a pulverized coal pipe 4, a primary pulverized coal nozzle 5, and a secondary air nozzle 6.
  • Each boiler 1 is equipped with six coal mills 3, numbered A, B, C, D, E, F.
  • the grate 2 is composed of four sides of water wall , and a set of burners 8 are arranged at each corner of the grate 2, and the nozzle center line of the horn burner 8 forms an imaginary tangential circle 9 in the grate 2 .
  • Each group of burners 8 is further divided into three groups of small burners in the vertical direction, separated by a certain distance.
  • Each group of small burners is composed of four primary air pulverized coal nozzles 5 and six secondary air nozzles 6. That is, 12 primary air pulverized coal nozzles 5 and 18 secondary air nozzles 6 are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction.
  • 12 primary air pulverized coal nozzles 5 of No. 1 angle are numbered Al-1, Al-2, B1-1, Bl-.
  • the coal mill 3 is connected to the primary pulverized coal nozzle 5 through the pulverized coal pipe 4, and each pulverized coal machine 3 outlet has four pulverized coal pipes 4, and each pulverized coal pipe 4 passes through a pulverized coal distributor 10 and the same
  • Two primary air pulverized coal nozzles 5 adjacent to the elevation are connected, such as the coal mill 3 numbered A and numbered A1-1, Al-2, A2-1, A2-2, A3-1, A3-2 , A4-1, A4-2 a total of eight primary air pulverized coal nozzles 5 connection.
  • each group of burners 8 is arranged with 12 primary air pulverized coal nozzles 5 arranged in the vertical direction, the wall surface heat load qnr of the burner zone is low and cannot meet the requirements of anthracite combustion.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a double fireball octagonal direct current burner pulverized coal dust separation arrangement mode in which the wall area thermal load qnr of the burner region is high.
  • the technical proposal of the present invention provides a double fireball octagonal direct current burner pulverized coal separation and arrangement method for burning anthracite, including a boiler body, a furnace, a coal mill, a concentration separator, a pulverized coal pipeline, Primary air/concentrated pulverized coal nozzle, primary air/light coal powder nozzle, each boiler body is equipped with at least one coal pulverizer, and the furnace is composed of four sides of water wall, characterized in that each boiler is arranged with eight groups of burners, eight groups The burners are at the same elevation, with four burners forming a first imaginary tangential circle in the furnace and the other four burners forming another second imaginary tangential circle in the furnace; each set of burners is divided into two in the vertical direction.
  • the first group of burners is located in the lower part of the furnace. Arranging at least one primary air/concentrated pulverized coal nozzle and two secondary air nozzles in a vertical direction, the second group of burners is called a “primary wind/light coal powder” burner, located in the “primary wind/concentrated coal powder” burner In the upper part, at least one primary air/pale pulverized coal nozzle and two secondary air nozzles are arranged in a vertical direction; each of the coal mill outlets has four coarse pulverized coal pipes, and each pulverized coal pipe passes through a pulverized coal distributor Divided into two fine pulverized coal pipes, each of which has eight fine pulverized coal pipes connected to eight sets of burners; each fine pulverized coal pipe passes through a concentrated pulverized coal separation device.
  • the concentrated pulverized coal pipeline is connected with the above-mentioned one primary/concentrated coal powder nozzle;
  • the pale coal powder pipeline is connected with the above one primary/light coal powder nozzle.
  • the pulverized coal pipeline at the outlet of the coal mill separates the primary air/pulverized coal by a rich and light separator, and is divided into 80% coal powder and 50% primary air "concentrated” pulverized coal gas flow, and the remaining 20 of the road. % of pulverized coal and 50% of the primary air "light” pulverized coal gas stream are fed into the furnace structure through a primary air/concentrated pulverized coal nozzle and a primary/low pulverized coal nozzle.
  • the intersection of the center line of the primary air concentrated pulverized coal nozzle or the primary air pulverized coal powder nozzle disposed on the front and rear walls of the burner on the front and rear walls and the water-cooled wall is located at the corner of the nearest furnace
  • the center line of the primary air pulverized coal powder nozzle or the primary air pulverized coal powder nozzle of the burner disposed on the front and rear walls has an intersection with the center line of the water wall, and the intersection is connected with the first imaginary circle or the second
  • the primary air powder mixing temperature can reach 220 ⁇ 250° C, and the primary air ratio is 14 ⁇ 15%. It can separate the waste gas containing water from the primary air, and send it into the furnace from the upper part of the burner to reduce the heat of pulverized coal.
  • the intermediate storage hot air feeding system is used to successfully burn anthracite on 50 ⁇ 300MW boiler. key.
  • the invention adopts the "medium speed grinding or double-inlet double-out direct-blowing pulverizing system with pulverized coal concentration and light separation device", and the main principle is to add a pulverized coal separation and separation on each pulverized coal pipe at the outlet of the coal pulverizer.
  • the device separates the primary air/pulverized coal into 80% pulverized coal and 50% primary air "concentrated” pulverized coal gas stream, and the remaining 20% pulverized coal and 50% of the primary wind "light”
  • the pulverized coal gas stream is sent to the furnace structure for combustion through the "concentrated primary air/pulverized coal” nozzle and "light primary air/pulverized coal” of the burner.
  • the ratio of the air-to-powder ratio and the primary air ratio of the concentrated primary air/pulverized coal is better than that of the intermediate storage and heating air.
  • the corresponding parameters of the powder feeding system at the same time, 50%-secondary wind containing half of the water is separated and sent to the furnace from the light primary air/pulverized coal nozzle on the upper part of the burner, although the mixing temperature of the primary air powder is higher than that in the middle.
  • the mixing temperature of the primary air powder in the warehousing hot air feeding system is low, but this design shows that the heat of the (concentrated) pulverized coal gas flow is basically the same as that of the intermediate storage hot air feeding system. , thus ensuring a stable ignition of the concentrated pulverized coal gas stream.
  • the invention adopts an arrangement of 8 pulverized primary air/pulverized coal nozzles of the same layer and 8 light primary air/pulverized coal nozzles in the same layer through the pulverized coal gas flow of each grinding outlet, and satisfies the whole set
  • the concentration of pulverized coal in the concentrated pulverized coal area is increased, so that the wall heat load qnr of the lower burner area is higher.
  • the combustion temperature in this area can meet the requirements of anthracite ignition and stable combustion, and the timely ignition of the anthracite powder gas flow is ensured.
  • the boiler does not oil and low load and stable combustion.
  • the spacing between the burner's lightest primary pulverized coal powder nozzle and the lowest concentrated primary pulverized coal powder nozzle is controlled within the ideal range, which also satisfies the premise of the last pulverized coal powder nozzle to the furnace outlet screen spacing and anthracite combustion efficiency.
  • the lowering of the overall height of the boiler greatly reduces the manufacturing cost of the boiler and reduces the emission of nitrogen oxides from the boiler.
  • Eight sets of burners are arranged on the water wall of the front and rear walls of the boiler. Compared with the four sets of burners arranged at four corners, the distance from the nozzle exit to the downstream adjacent airflow is shorter, so that a lower primary coal can be used.
  • the powder airflow speed is conducive to the timely ignition of the anthracite powder airflow and the boiler does not oil and low load stable combustion. Second time The wind speed can also be reduced, which is beneficial to reduce the residual swirl strength of the fireball and the smoke temperature deviation at the exit of the furnace.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a prior art burner arrangement, taken along line I - I of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line ⁇ - ⁇ of Fig. 1;
  • Figure 3 is a medium speed grinding or double inlet double outlet direct blowing type pulverizing system with pulverized coal concentration and light separation device
  • Fig. 4 is a separation and arrangement of pulverized coal ash separation of double fireball octagonal direct current burner for burning anthracite provided by the present invention Plan of the mode, with six coal mills, each coal mill is connected to the same level of concentrated pulverized coal nozzle (or pale coal powder nozzle) through the pulverized coal distributor and the concentration separator, which is the I-I cross-sectional view of Figure 5. ;
  • Fig. 5 is an elevational view showing a pulverized separation arrangement of a double fireball octagonal direct current burner for burning anthracite coal according to the present invention, which is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 4; detailed description
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I - I of Fig. 5
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line ⁇ -II of Fig. 4.
  • the invention provides a double fireball octagonal direct current burner pulverized coal separation and arrangement for burning anthracite, including boiler body 1, furnace 2, coal mill 3, pulverized coal separator 4, pulverized coal pipeline 5, primary air/concentration Pulverized coal nozzle 6, primary air/light coal powder nozzle 7, secondary air nozzle 8, pulverized coal concentration separator 13.
  • Each boiler body 1 is equipped with six coal mills 3, which are a first coal mill A, a second coal mill B, and a third coal mill (:, a fourth coal mill 0, a fifth coal mill E And the sixth coal mill F.
  • the furnace 2 is composed of four sides of the water wall 9, four sets of burners 10 are arranged on the front wall water wall 9 of the furnace 2, and four groups are arranged on the water wall 9 of the back wall of the furnace 2.
  • Burner 10 each set of eight burners 10, respectively, is called No. 1 Horn Burner, No. 2 Horn Burner, No. 3 Horn Burner, No. 4 Horn Burner, No. 5 Horn Burner, No. 6 Horn Burner, No. 7 Horn Burner , 8th Horn Burner.
  • No.1 Horn, No.2 Horn, No.3 Horn, No.8 Horn Four Group Burner 10
  • a first imaginary tangential circle 11 is formed in the furnace, and the four burners 10 of the fourth horn, the fifth horn, the sixth horn and the seventh horn form a second imaginary tangential circle 12 in the furnace, the first imaginary tangential circle 11 and the second
  • the imaginary cut circle 12 has the same diameter.
  • Each group of burners 10 is divided into two groups in the vertical direction.
  • the first group of burners is called “primary/concentrated pulverized coal” burner, and six primary/rich pulverized coal nozzles 6 and seven secondary winds.
  • the nozzles 8 are composed of a second group of burners called “primary/pale pulverized coal” burners, which are composed of six primary/light coal powder nozzles 7 and seven secondary air nozzles 8.
  • primary/rich pulverized coal nozzles 6 in a "primary/concentrated pulverized coal” burner group placed at the 1st corner of the front wall are numbered Al-1, Bl-1, Cl-1, Dl-1. , El-1, Fl-1.
  • the six primary/pale pulverized coal nozzles 7 in a "primary/puffy pulverized coal” burner group placed at the 1st corner of the front wall are numbered Al-2, Bl-2, Cl-2, D1- 2, E1- 2, F1- 2.
  • each coarse pulverized coal pipe 5 is evenly divided into two fine pulverized coal pipes through a pulverized coal distributor 4, so that each coal is pulverized.
  • Each fine pulverized coal pipe is divided into a concentrated pulverized coal pipe and a light pulverized coal pipe through a concentrated pulverized coal separation unit 13.
  • the concentrated pulverized coal pipe is connected to the primary/rich pulverized coal nozzle 6.
  • the root pulverized coal pipe is connected to the primary/light coal powder nozzle 7.
  • coal mill 3 numbered A and the six primary/rich pulverized coal nozzles 6 numbered Al-1, Bl-1, Cl-1, Dl_l, El_l, Fl_l and the number Al-2, Bl-2 , Cl-2, Dl-2, El-2, Fl_2, six primary/fresh pulverized coal nozzles.
  • the intersection of the center line of the primary/rich pulverized coal nozzle 6 or the primary/pale pulverized coal nozzle 7 of the burner 10 disposed on the front and rear walls near the two walls and the center line of the water-cooled wall 9 is the closest to the furnace 2
  • the intersection of the center line of the primary/rich pulverized coal nozzle 6 or the primary/light pulverized coal nozzle 7 of the burner 10 disposed near the center line of the furnace on the front and rear walls and the center line of the water-cooled wall 9 is the closest.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

一种燃用无烟煤的双火球八角直流燃烧器煤粉浓淡分离布置方式,包括锅炉本体(1)、炉膛(2)、磨煤机(3)、浓淡分离器(4)、煤粉管道(5)、一次风/浓煤粉喷嘴(6)和一次风/淡煤粉喷嘴(7),每台锅炉本体(1)布置八组燃烧器(10),八组燃烧器(10)位于同一标高,其中四组燃烧器(10)在炉膛(2)内形成一个假想切圆(11),另外四组燃烧器(10)在炉膛(2)内形成另外一个假想切圆(12)。每组燃烧器(10)在垂直方向上分成两个小组,第一小组燃烧器(10)称为一次风/浓煤粉燃烧器,第二小组燃烧器(10)称为一次风/淡煤粉燃烧器。该双火球八角直流燃烧器煤粉浓淡分离布置方式能够在满足整个锅炉热功率的前提下,使得燃烧器区域壁面热负荷较高,保证无烟煤粉气流的及时着火及锅炉不投油低负荷稳燃。

Description

双火球八角直流燃烧器煤粉浓淡分离布置方式
技术领域
本发明涉及一种燃用无烟煤的双火球八角直流燃烧器煤粉浓淡分离布置方 式, 属于煤粉燃烧装置技术领域。 背景技术
我国已探明的煤炭储量约为 6400亿吨, 其中低挥发份无烟煤约占煤炭总储 量的 14.6%。 我国火电厂燃用无烟煤约占发电用煤总量的 3%, 这一数字还在增 加。 无烟煤的挥发份含量低, 含氢量低, 着火温度高, 火焰传播速度较慢, 如燃 烧组织得不好, 易发生低负荷燃烧不稳定,煤质变差时锅炉高负荷容易熄火的情 况, 燃烧效率一般也较低。
目前国内外燃用无烟煤采用 W火焰锅炉, 四角切向燃烧锅炉, 以及前后墙 对冲旋流燃烧锅炉。 W火焰锅炉最大容量为 600MW等级, 四角切向燃烧锅炉以 及前后墙对冲旋流燃烧锅炉最大容量为 300MW等级, 还未有 600MW及以上等 级四角切向燃烧无烟煤锅炉的设计和运行业绩。
我国电站锅炉制造厂家从 70年代初开始设计、 制造专烧无烟煤的锅炉。 随 着机组容量发展到 600MW〜1300MW等级, 锅炉的炉膛热力参数较 125MW、 300MW无烟煤锅炉有较大变化, 首先是炉膛容积热负荷 ¥降低, 煤粉在炉膛内 停留时间延长, 有利于无烟煤的燃尽。 但同时燃烧器区域壁面热负荷 qnr降低, 虽然断面热负荷 qF有所升高, 但是总的燃烧器区域水冷壁的吸热量是增加的, 导致燃烧器区域的温度水平下降, 对无烟煤的及时、稳定着火不利。特别是容量 增加到 800MW〜1300MW等级后, 由于受到单个煤粉喷嘴热功率的限制, 单台 磨煤机对应的煤粉喷嘴的数量相对于 300MW〜600MW 锅炉需要增加 50%到 100%, 由 4个增加到 6个或 8个。 比如 1000MW超超临界锅炉, 在配备 6台中 速磨或双进双出磨煤机情况下, 单台磨煤机对应的煤粉喷嘴的数量为 8个, 总的 煤粉喷嘴的数量达到 48个。 在采用直流燃烧器四角切圆布置的情况下, 单角一 次风煤粉喷嘴的数量为 12个, 再加上燃烧器在垂直方向上分为 2到 3组, 这样 导致燃烧器最上和最下 2个一次风煤粉喷嘴的间距较大,燃烧器区域壁面热负荷 qnr较低, 该区域燃烧温度较低, 不利于无烟煤粉气流的及时、 稳定着火及锅炉 不投油低负荷稳燃。
图 1和图 2以 1000MW超超临界塔式锅炉为例, 说明了现有的燃烧器切圆 布置方式。 图 2为图 1的 Π - Π剖视图, 图 1为图 2的 I - I剖视图。 该种布置方 式包括锅炉本体 1, 炉膛 2, 磨煤机 3, 煤粉管道 4, 一次风煤粉喷嘴 5及二次风 喷嘴 6。 每台锅炉 1配置六台磨煤机 3, 编号分别为 A、 B、 C、 D、 E、 F。 炉膛 2由四面水冷壁 Ί组成, 在炉膛 2的每个角上布置有一组燃烧器 8, 四角燃烧器 8的喷嘴中心线在炉膛 2内形成假想切圆 9。 每组燃烧器 8沿垂直方向又分为三 组小的燃烧器, 中间隔开一定的距离, 每组小的燃烧器由四个一次风煤粉喷嘴 5 及六个二次风喷嘴 6组成, 即垂直方向间隔布置 12个一次风煤粉喷嘴 5及 18 个二次风喷嘴 6, 如 1号角 12个一次风煤粉喷嘴 5的编号为 Al-1, Al-2, B1-1 , Bl-2, Cl-1 , Cl-2, Dl-1 , Dl-2, El-1 , El-2, Fl-1 , F1-2, 4号角 12个一次风 煤粉喷嘴 5的编号为 A4-l, Α4-2, B4-1 , Β4-2, C4-1 , C4-2, D4-1 , D4-2, E4-1 , Ε4-2, F4-1 , F4-2。 磨煤机 3通过煤粉管道 4与一次风煤粉喷嘴 5相连接, 每台 磨煤机 3出口有四根煤粉管道 4, 每根煤粉管道 4通过一个煤粉分配器 10与同 一个角相邻标高的 2个一次风煤粉喷嘴 5连接, 比如编号为 A的磨煤机 3与编 号为 A1-1 , Al-2, A2-1 , A2-2, A3-1 , A3-2, A4-1 , A4-2共八个一次风煤粉喷 嘴 5连接。 可见, 由于每组燃烧器 8沿垂直方向间隔布置有 12个一次风煤粉喷 嘴 5, 该布置方式燃烧器区域壁面热负荷 qnr较低, 不能适应无烟煤燃烧的要求。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种燃烧器区域壁面热负荷 qnr较高的双火球八角直流 燃烧器煤粉浓淡分离布置方式。
为了达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案是提供了一种燃用无烟煤的双火球八 角直流燃烧器煤粉浓淡分离布置方式, 包括锅炉本体, 炉膛, 磨煤机, 浓淡分离 器, 煤粉管道, 一次风 /浓煤粉喷嘴, 一次风 /淡煤粉喷嘴, 每台锅炉本体配置至 少一台磨煤机,炉膛由四面水冷壁组成,其特征在于,每台锅炉布置八组燃烧器, 八组燃烧器位于同一标高, 其中四组燃烧器在炉膛内形成一个第一假想切圆, 另 外四组燃烧器在炉膛内形成另外一个第二假想切圆;每组燃烧器在垂直方向上分 为两个小组, 第一小组燃烧器称为 "一次风 /浓煤粉"燃烧器, 位于炉膛下部, 沿垂直方向布置至少一个一次风 /浓煤粉喷嘴及两个二次风喷嘴, 第二小组燃烧 器称为 "一次风 /淡煤粉"燃烧器, 位于 "一次风 /浓煤粉"燃烧器上部, 沿垂直 方向布置至少一个一次风 /淡煤粉喷嘴和两个二次风喷嘴; 每台磨煤机出口有四 根粗的煤粉管道, 每根煤粉管道通过一个煤粉分配器后分为两根细的煤粉管道, 每台磨煤机出口有八根细的煤粉管道, 分别与八组燃烧器相连接; 每根细的煤粉 管道通过一个浓淡煤粉分离装置后分为一根浓煤粉管道和一根淡煤粉管道;浓煤 粉管道与上述一个一次风 /浓煤粉喷嘴相连接; 淡煤粉管道与上述一个一次风 /淡 煤粉喷嘴相连接。
优选地, 磨煤机出口的煤粉管道通过浓淡分离器将一次风 /煤粉进行浓淡分 离, 分成一路 80%的煤粉和 50%的一次风 "浓"煤粉气流, 和一路剩余的 20% 的煤粉和 50%的一次风 "淡"煤粉气流, 分别通过一次风 /浓煤粉喷嘴和一次风 / 淡煤粉喷嘴送入炉膛组织燃烧。
优选地,布置在前后墙上的靠近两侧墙的燃烧器的一次风浓煤粉喷嘴或一次 风淡煤粉喷嘴的中心线与水冷壁的中心线的交点,距离最近的炉膛的棱角处的距 离 L1为炉膛的宽度 Lw的 8%〜16%, 即: Ll=8%〜16%Lw; 布置在前后墙上的 靠近炉膛中心线的燃烧器的一次风浓煤粉喷嘴或一次风淡煤粉喷嘴的中心线与 水冷壁的中心线的交点, 距离最近的炉膛的棱角处的距离 L2为炉膛的宽度 Lw 的 32%〜44%, BP : L2=32%〜44%Lw。
优选地,布置在前后墙上的燃烧器的一次风浓煤粉喷嘴或一次风淡煤粉喷嘴 的中心线与水冷壁的中心线有一个交点,连接该交点与第一假想切圆或第二假想 切圆的圆心形成一直线,该直线与一次风浓煤粉喷嘴或一次风淡煤粉喷嘴的中心 线的夹角 a为 2度〜 10度, BP : a=2° 〜10° 。
国内已经成功投运的大量 50MW、 125MW和 300MW无烟煤锅炉, 几乎全 部采用中间仓储制热风送粉系统, 该系统一次风粉混合温度可高达 220〜250° C, 一次风比率 14〜15%, 并能够将含有水份的乏气从一次风中分离出来, 从燃 烧器上部送入炉膛, 从而减少煤粉着火热, 采用中间仓储制热风送粉系统, 是在 50〜300MW锅炉上成功燃用无烟煤的关键。但是对于中间仓储制热风送粉系统, 由于国产钢球磨出力最大约为 50t/h, 对 600MW及以上机组, 每台炉要布置 6〜 8台磨, 该系统本身较为复杂, 再加上庞大的煤粉仓, 使得设计院设计布置较为 困难, 占地也较大。 因此在机组容量增大到 600MW后, 一般不再推荐采用该系 统。 本发明采用 "带煤粉浓淡分离装置的中速磨或双进双出直吹式制粉系统", 其主要原理是在磨煤机出口的每根煤粉管道上, 增加一个煤粉浓淡分离装置,将 一次风 /煤粉进行浓淡分离, 分成一路 80%的煤粉和 50%的一次风 "浓"煤粉气 流, 和一路剩余的 20%的煤粉和 50%的一次风 "淡"煤粉气流, 分别通过燃烧 器的 "浓一次风 /煤粉"喷嘴和 "淡一次风 /煤粉", 送入炉膛组织燃烧。
通过采用 "带煤粉浓淡分离装置的中速磨或双进双出直吹式制粉系统", 使 得浓一次风 /煤粉的风粉比和一次风比率, 均要优于中间仓储制热风送粉系统的 相应参数, 同时将含有一半水份的 50%—次风分离出来,从燃烧器上部的淡一次 风 /煤粉喷嘴送入炉膛, 虽然一次风粉的混合温度, 要比采用中间仓储制热风送 粉系统的一次风粉的混合温度低, 但是这样的设计, 通过理论计算可知, 与采用 中间仓储制热风送粉系统相比, (浓) 煤粉气流的着火热是基本一样的, 从而保 证了浓煤粉气流的稳定着火。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、 本发明通过每台磨出口的煤粉气流与同一层共 8只浓一次风 /煤粉喷嘴, 以及同一层共 8 只淡一次风 /煤粉喷嘴相连接的布置方式, 在满足整台锅炉热功 率的前提下, 增加了浓煤粉区域的煤粉浓度, 使下部燃烧器区域壁面热负荷 qnr 较高, 该区域燃烧温度能达到无烟煤着火稳燃的要求,保证无烟煤粉气流的及时 着火及锅炉不投油低负荷稳燃。
2、 燃烧器最上淡一次风煤粉喷嘴和最下浓一次风煤粉喷嘴的间距控制在理 想的范围内,在同样满足最上一次风煤粉喷嘴到炉膛出口屏底间距和无烟煤燃烧 效率的前提下, 使得锅炉的总高度减少, 大大降低了锅炉的制造成本, 同时降低 了锅炉氮氧化物的排放量。
3、 八组燃烧器布置在锅炉前后墙的水冷壁上, 与四组燃烧器布置在四角相 比, 射流两侧的补气条件较好, 不容易发生一次风煤粉贴墙的现象, 有利于防止 炉膛结渣和高温腐蚀, 煤种变化的适应性较好。
4、 八组燃烧器布置在锅炉前后墙的水冷壁上, 与四组燃烧器布置在四角相 比,射流从喷嘴出口到达下游邻角气流的距离较短,这样可以采用较低的一次风 煤粉气流速度,有利于无烟煤粉气流的及时着火及锅炉不投油低负荷稳燃。二次 风速度也可降低, 有利于降低火球的残余旋流强度和炉膛出口的烟温偏差。
5、 八组燃烧器布置在锅炉前后墙的水冷壁上, 与四组燃烧器布置在四角相 比, 喷嘴出口处的热流强度较高, 通过对流和辐射换热量大大提高, 有利于无烟 煤粉气流的及时着火及锅炉不投油低负荷稳燃。 附图说明
图 1为已有的燃烧器布置方式的平面图, 为图 2的 I - I剖视图; 图 2为图 1的 Π - Π剖视图;
图 3为带煤粉浓淡分离装置的中速磨或双进双出磨直吹式制粉系统; 图 4 为本发明提供的一种燃用无烟煤的双火球八角直流燃烧器煤粉浓淡分 离布置方式的平面图,配六台磨煤机,每台磨煤机通过煤粉分配器和浓淡分离器 与同一标高的浓煤粉喷嘴 (或淡煤粉喷嘴) 连接, 为图 5的 I - I剖视图;
图 5 为本发明提供的一种燃用无烟煤的双火球八角直流燃烧器煤粉浓淡分 离布置方式的立面图, 为图 4的 Π - Π剖视图。 具体实施方式
为使本发明更明显易懂, 兹以优选实施例, 并配合附图作详细说明如下。 结合图 4和图 5说明本实施方式, 图 4为图 5的 I - I剖视图, 图 5为图 4 的 Π - II剖视图。
本发明提供的一种燃用无烟煤的双火球八角直流燃烧器煤粉浓淡分离布置, 包括锅炉本体 1, 炉膛 2, 磨煤机 3, 煤粉分离器 4, 煤粉管道 5, 一次风 /浓煤粉 喷嘴 6、 一次风 /淡煤粉喷嘴 7, 二次风喷嘴 8, 煤粉浓淡分离器 13。 每台锅炉本 体 1配置六台磨煤机 3, 分别为第一磨煤机 A、 第二磨煤机 B、 第三磨煤机 (:、 第 四磨煤机0、 第五磨煤机 E及第六磨煤机 F。 炉膛 2由四面水冷壁 9组成, 在炉 膛 2的前墙水冷壁 9面上布置四组燃烧器 10, 在炉膛 2的后墙水冷壁 9面上同 样布置四组燃烧器 10, 每台锅炉共八组燃烧器 10, 分别称为 1 号角燃烧器、 2 号角燃烧器、 3号角燃烧器、 4号角燃烧器、 5号角燃烧器、 6号角燃烧器、 7号 角燃烧器、 8号角燃烧器。 其中 1号角、 2号角、 3号角、 8号角四组燃烧器 10 在炉膛内形成一个第一假想切圆 11, 另外 4号角、 5号角、 6号角、 7号角四组 燃烧器 10在炉膛内形成一个第二假想切圆 12, 第一假想切圆 11和第二假想切 圆 12的直径相同。
每组燃烧器 10在垂直方向上分为两个小组,第一小组燃烧器称为"一次风 / 浓煤粉"燃烧器, 由六个一次风 /浓煤粉喷嘴 6和七个二次风喷嘴 8组成, 第二 小组燃烧器称为 "一次风 /淡煤粉"燃烧器, 由六个一次风 /淡煤粉喷嘴 7和七个 二次风喷嘴 8组成。 如布置在前墙 1号角的一个 "一次风 /浓煤粉"燃烧器小组 中的六个一次风 /浓煤粉喷嘴 6的编号为 Al-1, Bl-1 , Cl-1, Dl-1, El-1, Fl-1。 布置在前墙 1号角的一个"一次风 /淡煤粉"燃烧器小组中的六个一次风 /淡煤粉 喷嘴 7的编号为 Al-2, Bl-2, Cl-2, D1- 2, E1- 2, F1- 2。
每台磨煤机 3出口有四根粗的煤粉管道 5, 每根粗的煤粉管道 5, 通过一个 煤粉分配器 4, 均匀分为两根细的煤粉管道, 这样每台磨煤机 3出口有八根细的 煤粉管道, 分别与八组燃烧器 10相连接。 每根细的煤粉管道, 通过一个浓淡煤 粉分离装置 13, 分为一根浓煤粉管道, 和一根淡煤粉管道。 该根浓煤粉管道与 一次风 /浓煤粉喷嘴 6相连接。 该根淡煤粉管道与一次风 /淡煤粉喷嘴 7相连接。 比如编号为 A的磨煤机 3与编号为 Al-1, Bl-1 , Cl-1, Dl_l, El_l, Fl_l的六 个一次风 /浓煤粉喷嘴 6和编号为 Al-2, Bl-2, Cl-2, Dl- 2, El- 2, Fl_2的六个 一次风 /淡煤粉喷嘴 Ί连接。
布置在前后墙上的靠近两侧墙的燃烧器 10的一次风 /浓煤粉喷嘴 6或一次 风 /淡煤粉喷嘴 7的中心线与水冷壁 9的中心线的交点, 距离最近的炉膛 2的棱 角处的距离 L1为炉膛 2的宽度 Lw的八分之一, BP : Ll=l/8Lw。 同样, 布置在 前后墙上的靠近炉膛中心线的燃烧器 10的一次风 /浓煤粉喷嘴 6或一次风 /淡煤 粉喷嘴 7的中心线与水冷壁 9的中心线的交点, 距离最近的炉膛 2的棱角处的 距离 L2为炉膛 2的宽度 Lw的八分之三, BP : L2=3/8Lw。
布置在前后墙上的燃烧器 10的一次风 /浓煤粉喷嘴 6或一次风 /淡煤粉喷嘴 7 的中心线与水冷壁 9的中心线有一个交点, 连接该交点与第一假想切圆 11或第 二假想切圆 12的圆心形成一直线, 该直线与一次风 /浓煤粉喷嘴 6或一次风 /淡 煤粉喷嘴 7的中心线的夹角£1为四度, BP : a=4° 。

Claims

权利要求:
1. 一种燃用无烟煤的双火球八角直流燃烧器煤粉浓淡分离布置方式, 包括锅炉 本体 (1 ), 炉膛 (2), 磨煤机 (3 ), 浓淡分离器 (4), 煤粉管道 (5 ), 一次风 / 浓煤粉喷嘴 (6), 一次风 /淡煤粉喷嘴 (7), 每台锅炉本体 (1 )配置至少一台磨 煤机 (3), 炉膛 (2) 由四面水冷壁 (9)组成, 其特征在于, 每台锅炉布置八组 燃烧器 (10), 八组燃烧器 (10) 位于同一标高, 其中四组燃烧器 (10) 在炉膛
(2) 内形成一个第一假想切圆 (11 ), 另外四组燃烧器 (10) 在炉膛 (2) 内形 成另外一个第二假想切圆 (12); 每组燃烧器(10)在垂直方向上分为两个小组, 第一小组燃烧器 (10) 称为 "一次风 /浓煤粉"燃烧器, 位于炉膛下部, 沿垂直 方向布置至少一个一次风 /浓煤粉喷嘴 (6)及两个二次风喷嘴 (8), 第二小组燃 烧器称为 "一次风 /淡煤粉"燃烧器, 位于 "一次风 /浓煤粉"燃烧器上部, 沿垂 直方向布置至少一个一次风 /淡煤粉喷嘴 (7)和两个二次风喷嘴 (8); 每台磨煤 机(3) 出口有四根粗的煤粉管道(5), 每根煤粉管道(5)通过一个煤粉分配器
(4)后分为两根细的煤粉管道, 每台磨煤机(3) 出口有八根细的煤粉管道, 分 别与八组燃烧器(10)相连接;每根细的煤粉管道通过一个浓淡煤粉分离装置(13) 后分为一根浓煤粉管道和一根淡煤粉管道; 浓煤粉管道与上述一个一次风 /浓煤 粉喷嘴 (6) 相连接; 淡煤粉管道与上述一个一次风 /淡煤粉喷嘴 (7) 相连接。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的一种燃用无烟煤的双火球八角直流燃烧器煤粉浓淡分离 布置方式, 其特征在于, 磨煤机(3)出口的煤粉管道(5)通过浓淡分离器(13) 将一次风 /煤粉进行浓淡分离, 分成一路 80%的煤粉和 50%的一次风 "浓"煤粉 气流, 和一路剩余的 20%的煤粉和 50%的一次风 "淡"煤粉气流, 分别通过一 次风 /浓煤粉喷嘴 (6) 和一次风 /淡煤粉喷嘴 (7) 送入炉膛 (2) 组织燃烧。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的一种燃用无烟煤的双火球八角直流燃烧器煤粉浓淡分离 布置方式, 其特征在于, 布置在前后墙上的靠近两侧墙的燃烧器(10) 的一次风 浓煤粉喷嘴 (6) 或一次风淡煤粉喷嘴 (7) 的中心线与水冷壁 (9) 的中心线的 交点, 距离最近的炉膛(2) 的棱角处的距离 L1为炉膛(2) 的宽度 Lw的 8%〜 16%, BP : Ll=8%〜16%Lw; 布置在前后墙上的靠近炉膛中心线的燃烧器 (10) 的一次风浓煤粉喷嘴 (6) 或一次风淡煤粉喷嘴 (7) 的中心线与水冷壁 (9) 的 中心线的交点, 距离最近的炉膛(2)的棱角处的距离 L2为炉膛(2)的宽度 Lw 的 32%〜44%, BP : L2=32%〜44%Lw。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的一种燃用无烟煤的双火球八角直流燃烧器煤粉浓淡分离 布置方式,其特征在于,布置在前后墙上的燃烧器(10)的一次风浓煤粉喷嘴(6) 或一次风淡煤粉喷嘴(7 ) 的中心线与水冷壁(9) 的中心线有一个交点, 连接该 交点与第一假想切圆 (11 )或第二假想切圆 (12) 的圆心形成一直线, 该直线与 一次风浓煤粉喷嘴(6)或一次风淡煤粉喷嘴(7 ) 的中心线的夹角 a为 2度〜 10 度, BP : a=2° 〜10° 。
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