WO2014124957A1

WO2014124957A1 - Optimised residential architecture

Info

Publication number: WO2014124957A1
Application number: PCT/EP2014/052712
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jean LATTANZIO
Original assignee: Lattanzio Jean
Priority date: 2013-02-12
Filing date: 2014-02-12
Publication date: 2014-08-21
Also published as: FR3001990A1; FR3053066A1; FR3001990B1

Abstract

In a residential architecture with two adjacent residential blocks, each comprising residential units distributed helically such that floors of two successive residential units along the helix are offset by a height h equal to the vertical distance between two superposed residential units divided by the number of residential units per helical revolution, the two blocks are arranged with opposing gables such that a space large enough to form a stairwell is kept between said gables. Access openings of two successive residential units along the helix of a block open onto the gable to open into the stairwell comprising a staircase that comprises flights of steps between landings each located at an access opening.

Description

Optimized habitat architecture

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the general field of architecture. It concerns more particularly the design of collective housing structures.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION - PRIOR ART When designing an architecture of collective housing we are generally faced with a problem of land. In fact, in the case of urban housing in particular, we have to design individual, juxtaposed and / or superimposed housing structures that constitute what is commonly known as a collective dwelling, or more familiarly a building or group of buildings. The structure of the collective housing is thus designed on the model of the individual housing, a building generally grouping houses (apartments) of various sizes to the image of a subdivision of houses that would be vertical.

In the generally adopted scheme, each dwelling, each apartment, is designed as an individual habitat and the exercise then consists in finding the means of superimposing and / or juxtaposing the different individual dwellings so as to make it fit. together in a minimum floor area, given the maximum height of the building.

Such a procedure inevitably leads to loss of living space, in particular due to the necessary presence of clearances both for the access routes to the different dwellings by the persons and their furniture, in particular by stairs, landings and corridors. distribution for the many networks that come to innerver and supply the various housing in various fluids and energies necessary. PRESENTA TION OF THE INVENTION

An object of the invention is to propose an architectural solution which improves the known solutions and which makes it possible to obtain a better performance of residential areas in relation to the total area of the building, in particular by limiting as much as possible the space occupied by the clearances in a block of flats, ie a building. Another object of the invention is to provide a housing structure particularly suitable for the proposed solution.

To achieve these results, the dwelling architecture of the invention comprises at least two juxtaposed residential blocks, each residential block comprising a plurality of dwelling units distributed in a constant pitch helix P around a vertical axis of the block, such that the reference floors of two successive dwelling units following the propeller, are offset by a given height h, such that h is the vertical distance separating the reference floors from two superimposed dwelling units, divided by N number of housing units per tower.

In addition :

- The at least two juxtaposed blocks are arranged with gears facing each other so that a space sufficient to form a stairwell is maintained between said gables facing;

- In each of the at least two juxtaposed blocks, access openings, which may be simple landing doors or if necessary giving in access locks, at least two successive housing units following the block propeller considered, are open on the pinion of the block considered facing the pinion of another block, so that the access openings open into the stairwell;

a staircase is arranged in the stairwell, said stairway having flights of steps between steps, each landing being situated at the level of at least one access opening of a dwelling unit served by said landing and the difference in height between two successive stages being less than the pitch P of the helix.

It is thus achieved an arrangement of the common areas to access the housing units that avoids unnecessary use of built surfaces.

According to one embodiment of the residential architecture, at least one gables facing the at least two juxtaposed blocks has a corner on the walls of which open the access openings of at least two successive housing units along the helix block whose pinion comprises the corner.

It is thus formed a stairwell enclosed between the two blocks whose housing units are served by a staircase of the stairwell.

In a particular embodiment of this embodiment, each of the pinions facing the at least two juxtaposed blocks has a corner on the walls of which the access openings of at least two successive housing units open according to the propeller block whose pinion has the corner.

In this case, the volume of the stairwell is formed by the two corners of the gables of the juxtaposed blocks, which makes it possible to distribute the space required for this stairwell between the dwelling units of the two blocks.

In another embodiment, the pinions facing the at least two juxtaposed blocks are spaced apart from one another and form a through space between the at least two blocks, the distance between the pinions being adapted for and to determine a desired dimension of the stairwell.

In this embodiment, it is avoided to make corners in the gears which allows for blocks with simpler forms, for example quadrangular, and therefore a cost of realization a priori lower.

In addition, this embodiment makes it possible to add an additional block or two additional blocks, the dwelling units of which are arranged in a helix, to the at least two blocks juxtaposed in such a way that access openings of a dwelling unit arranged on a pinion of this or these additional blocks open into the through space at the level of steps of the stairs.

There is thus obtained an assembly of three T blocks or four cross blocks which substantially increases the possible density of useful area relative to the area occupied on the ground.

In these cases, preferably the access openings of the housing units of the additional block or blocks, and opening into the through space, are each connected to at least one landing of the staircase arranged between the gables located substantially at the same height by a passageway.

In one embodiment, the number N of dwelling units per revolution of a helix in a block is equal to four. Such a number of housing units per tower is adapted to simple forms of blocks and allows for developments effectively exploiting nested volumes between adjacent apartments.

According to one embodiment, the dwelling units of two juxtaposed blocks are distributed in each of the two blocks in helices having the same direction of rotation and the staircase is arranged in a helix having a reverse direction of rotation. It is understood in these comparisons of the directions of rotation that the direction of rotation of the propellers is considered for the same absolute direction, for example the direction of the rise.

This configuration occurs in particular when the juxtaposed blocks are identical, at least in terms of general layout of floors and access openings. The helix formed by the staircase then comes to mesh naturally on each of the propellers of the two juxtaposed blocks.

In one embodiment, the vertical axis of a block around which the housing units are helically distributed substantially coincides with the axis of a hollow central column. Such a column makes it possible to build a resistant frame of the block and makes it possible to fulfill the function of the technical sheaths in which the easements were passed while preserving an access to these easements.

For an economic assembly of the block-carrying structure, a block is made by an ordered assembly of prefabricated bearing structure elements in which the reference floors of the housing units of the block are assembled to the central column.

In one embodiment, the reference floor structures of two successive dwelling units of a block following each other in the helix overlap each other so as to determine in a dwelling unit at least one space limited in height by the structure of the reference floor of the upper dwelling unit follows it in the propeller.

It is in this embodiment created housing units each comprising, preferably, a long-stay zone of parallelepipedal shape at full height, a short-stay zone and a storage zone of lower heights and each opening onto a wall of the long-stay zone, the zones of with the same base area as the short-stay areas, the storage and short-stay areas are configured so that the storage area of a dwelling unit is located below the short-stay area of the adjoining dwelling unit which succeeds it upwards following the propeller, the height of the storage areas being determined by the height offset of the reference floors of the two dwelling units in question.

In one embodiment, the width and depth of a short stay area are determined to contain a kitchen area and a powder room.

The housing unit considered having N dwelling units per tower, the layout of the reference floors is made so that the height of the storage area of a dwelling unit is substantially equal to the Nth of the height of the long-stay zone and the height of the short-stay zone is substantially equal to the thickness of the floor structures close to (N-1) / N times the height of the long-stay zone.

In particular, the residential block considered comprises N = 4 dwelling units per turn of the propeller, the height of the storage area of a dwelling unit is substantially equal to one quarter of the height of the zone of long stay, generally between 0.50 m and 0.80 m and the height of the short-stay area is substantially equal to the floor structure thicknesses close to three quarters of the height of the long stay area, generally between 1, 5 m and 2 m.

In a preferred embodiment, the central column of a residential block is a technical column inside which circulate including distribution and discharge ducts of water, air and fluids, as well as drivers providing the distribution of an electrical energy network and a transport and digital information exchange network.

This column comprises a plurality of segments superimposed and separated from each other by platforms, each segment having a height H such that an operator located on a platform can access any point of the wall of the section inside which it is, without having recourse to a raising means, a scale or a similar means.

It is thus obtained segments adapted to work by an optimized operator.

In one embodiment, equipment, conventionally installed in the housing units, for example sanitary flush cisterns, are installed inside the central column.

This equipment is arranged in the central column offset in height similarly to the different housing units on which they depend so as to avoid a reduction of free section of the central column in the segments substantially greater than that imposed by the equipment assigned to a single dwelling unit.

Thus, not only does the equipment concerned no longer encumber the interior of the housing units, but it can be maintained without the need to enter the housing units, or even to deteriorate certain facilities to repair the equipment. .

In one embodiment, the arrangement of each platform in the central column corresponds to a reference plane of a dwelling unit, the height H between two platforms corresponding to an integer of distance h, between two reference planes of dwelling units succeeding each other according to the propeller, lower than the number N of housing unit per turn of the propeller.

To circulate and work safely in the column, each platform has a passage opening whose dimensions are sufficient to allow an operator to move from one platform to another platform immediately below or at the same time. -above. The passage openings communicate the segments of the column together and have vertically offset positions from one platform to another.

It is thus avoided because of a maximum height of fall possible the use of ladders with crinolines

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The features and advantages of the invention will be better appreciated thanks to the following description, which is based on the appended figures which show:

the figurel, a general schematic view of a first example of a dwelling architecture according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic perspective view from above and cut away of an exemplary embodiment of a residential block corresponding to the first architectural example of FIG. 1, showing the arrangement of housing units around a central column;

- Figure 3, a schematic perspective view of a facade and cut away from the structure of a stairwell serving two residential blocks such as those illustrated in Figure 2 according to the first example of architecture;

Figure 4 is a schematic view of the area comprising the staircase, in perspective from above, cut away, in a second example of architecture according to the invention;

FIG. 5, a schematic view of the zone comprising the staircase, seen from above, in a variant of the second example of architecture according to the invention;

Figure 6 a schematic view of the area comprising the staircase, in perspective of the facade, cut away, in a third example of architecture according to the invention;

- Figures 7 and 8, partial views of skinned façades of the example of architecture according to the invention of Figure 1 showing an embodiment of the housing units and the arrangement in height of these units;

- Figures 9 to 1 1, illustrations for highlighting the advantageous characteristics of the central column of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION In the rest of the text, the object of the invention is described, for the sake of clarity of the presentation, through particular embodiments, implementing housing units that have a particular structure. advantageous in terms of gaining living space. However this presentation Through particular examples, the invention can not be considered as limiting the invention to these examples alone, in particular because of the great possible variability of spatial arrangements in the field of housing. Any embodiment having the features of the invention as claimed between, of course, within the scope of the present application.

In the various figures, similar elements, even that may have different shapes, bear the same mark.

Figure 1 shows an overview of a first example of implementation of the housing architecture according to the invention.

According to this first example of implementation, the architecture according to the invention consists mainly of blocks of dwellings juxtaposed to each other so that this architectural ensemble constitutes a building.

This architectural ensemble has a linear arrangement comprising two main facades, a first facade 1 1, visible in the figure, incorporating stairwells 12 between two contiguous blocks of dwellings 13 and a second main facade 14 parallel to the first, no visible in Figure 1.

According to the implementation mode considered, the arrangement of residential blocks may, however, be different from a simple linear arrangement with two main flat facades, first and second main facades not necessarily parallel to each other. a part and a main facade is not necessarily flat and may have more or less complex shapes, curves for example, according to a desired overall style Each residential block 13 is also here constituted by a set of units 15 which appear as arranged in a manner offset in height, in consideration of a reference level of each dwelling unit, each relative to its neighbors in the residential block to which it belongs.

As illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, the housing units 15, 21-24, which can be standardized, are identical in height and are helically arranged around a vertical central column which embodies an axis of the propeller. In the example presented, there are four dwelling units per turn of the propeller. However, it is possible to provide different arrangements, for example comprising two housing units per turn of the propeller.

In such a helical arrangement, all housing units of the same block are at different heights.

Each dwelling unit 21 -24 comprises a horizontal load bearing floor, determining the reference level of the dwelling unit considered, perpendicular to the axis of the propeller and of the column 25.

In the case illustrated, and insofar as a block of dwellings comprises dwelling units distributed over more than one turn of a propeller, a dwelling unit is superimposed on a dwelling unit the previous one in the helix of a height corresponding to a pitch P of the helix.

In the illustrated example, the carrying floors of two contiguous dwelling units are located in planes distant from each other by a height h equal to one quarter of the pitch P of the propeller given the number of four units of dwellings per turn of propeller. In practice, the height h is a function of the number N of dwelling units per revolution of the propeller.

It will also be understood here that the pitch P of the propeller is related to the height of a dwelling unit, in particular said pitch of the propeller is equal to the height between the reference levels of each of the dwelling units superimposed.

According to the invention, two adjacent blocks 13 of an architectural unit face each other by a pinion 28, 29 of each of said two neighboring blocks and, as will be detailed in the various described modes of the invention, openings of access 213 housing units of a block are arranged on a pinion of said block, at least when the pinion is facing a pinion of a neighboring block.

Considering the first exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, a pinion 28, 29 of a block 13 opposite a pinion of a neighboring block has a corner 21 1, 212 formed by non-aligned walls. the pinion, in the illustrated example a wall parallel to a reference plane of the pinion, shifted inwardly of the block relative to said reference plane of the pinion, and a wall perpendicular to the reference plane. In addition, the housing units constituting a residential block have an arrangement of external partitions such that each dwelling unit has an access opening 213 on one of the walls forming the corner.

Such an arrangement of the pinions 28, 29 makes it possible to define, between two juxtaposed residential blocks, a free space on which the entrances of various dwelling units belonging to the two blocks open.

This free space is a stairwell in which is placed a staircase 32, serving residential units whose entrances open on this stairwell.

It should be noted that, in the illustrated embodiment of the first exemplary embodiment, the two gears facing each other, and which are joined on a part of their surfaces outside the corners, each comprise a corner, the two corners being opposite, arrangement that allows to distribute a necessary volume for the stairwell between the two neighboring blocks. However, it is also possible to make a corner on only one of the two blocks, not illustrated case, the corner being then in this case of larger dimensions to create the desired volume of the stairwell and the access openings being arranged on the gable without corner so as to lead to the volume of the stairwell.

In the first example of implementation shown, illustrated in perspective partial top view and partially cut away of a residential block 13 in Figure 2, the housing units 21 to 24 constituting four dwelling units of a turn of the pitch of the helix of the block have an arrangement of outer walls such that each block comprises two opposite main planar facades 26, 27 and two opposite gears 28, 29 each having a corner 21 1, 212, on the walls of which open the entries 213 of housing units located on the side of the considered gear. Such a configuration makes it possible, in particular, to produce a linear arrangement of residential blocks such as that of FIG. 1 and makes it possible, as illustrated in FIG. 3, to define between two blocks of juxtaposed dwellings 13 a free space 31 located on the floor. one of the main facades 1 1 of the architecture, on which open the entries 213a or 213b of various dwelling units belonging to the two blocks 13. This free space is a stairwell in which is placed a staircase 32. In this embodiment, the housing units forming a given block 13 are served by two stairs which are each located on a different gear of the block considered.

According to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, two neighboring housing blocks have arrangements of structurally identical dwelling units. In this case, due in part to the characteristics of dimensions, shapes and arrangement of the dwelling units of the same block, characteristics described above, and because of the similarity of the structure of the different blocks, the provisions relating to access openings of housing units opening on the same space, formed by the corners of two blocks of dwellings whose gables are facing each other, are arranged according to a helix, having a pitch identical to the pitch P of the helix according to which the housing units of a block are arranged, but with an inverted direction of rotation.

This arrangement resulting from the access openings makes it possible to implement a spiral staircase, the pitch of which is therefore equal to the pitch of the helix according to which the housing units are arranged around the central column but in the opposite direction.

The detailed configuration of the staircase is related to the arrangement of housing units in the residential blocks forming the implementation mode of the architecture according to the invention. It depends in particular on the fact that the juxtaposed residential blocks are identical or not and the number of housing units per turn of the propeller.

In the exemplary implementation illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, the staircase 32 comprises, as illustrated in FIG. 3, steps 33 separated by steps 34 serving the entries 213a or 213b of the different units dwelling opening on the stairwell 31. The assembly is arranged in such a way that the flight of steps leading to a landing 34 and the flight of steps starting from this landing rest on two adjacent partitions of the stairwell 31, so that they are between them an angle a priori of 90 °. Furthermore each flight of steps is defined to raise the height separating two adjoining dwelling units following in the helix formed by the access openings to the dwelling units overlooking the staircase considered, corresponding here to a quarter of the pitch of the propeller that are arranged housing units in a block.

Figure 4 shows a partial perspective view from above and cut away of a second example of an architectural unit according to the invention.

In this second example, the pinions 28, 29 opposite two adjacent blocks 13 do not have corners but are spaced so as to obtain between said two gears a space corresponding to the space required for a cage of staircase 31.

In addition, the access openings 213 of the housing units, located in the block considered on the side of the pinion considered, are made of pinion.

When the two neighboring blocks are identical, it results, as in the first example described, and as illustrated in FIG. 4, that the access openings 213 are distributed in a helix, having a pitch identical to the pitch P of the helix according to which are arranged housing units of a block, but with an inverted direction of rotation.

A staircase with four flights of steps 33, each serving a bearing 34 at an access opening to one of the dwelling units of the stairwell, similar to the staircase described in the first example of realization is arranged in the space between the two gears facing.

Such an arrangement, although it leads to an unused space 31 1 in the first intention has the advantage of being able to arrange certain bearings to access housing units, arranged in additional blocks, similar to the blocks described in terms of helical arrangement of housing units, the access openings of which are formed on gears oriented parallel to the facades of two blocks determining the stairwell.

Such an example is illustrated in plan view in FIG.

In this example, the bearings 34 are extended by passageways 341 to access the access openings of the housing units of a block 13s additional, arranged to form with the housing units 13 facing a T configuration. A cross configuration with two additional blocks at a stairwell, an additional block being arranged substantially symmetrically by compared to blocks 13, is also possible, case not illustrated.

In such a configuration, the spaces 342 available between the corridors are, for example, arranged so as to create decorative spaces which in one embodiment are semi-private gardens suspended and associated with the dwelling unit served by the corridor. course considered.

In cases where a space adjoining the staircase is not occupied by a corridor, said space is left free or, in some embodiments, used to make entras entrances, gardens ...

Figure 6 shows a partial perspective view from a facade and skinned of a third example of an architectural unit according to the invention.

In this third example, which can be made with or without corners in the pinions 28, 29 facing two neighboring blocks 13 according to the principles explained for the first example and for the second example, the two neighboring blocks are arranged so symmetrical, in consideration of the position of the dwelling units in each block, with respect to a plane parallel to the gears facing each other.

In such a symmetrical arrangement a floor of a dwelling unit of a block is at the same level as a floor of a dwelling unit opposite the other block.

In this arrangement, the bearings 34 of the staircase are spaced apart in height, always in the case of an arrangement of the blocks with four dwelling units arranged per turn of the helix, a multiple of a quarter of the pitch P of propeller and each landing then serves a dwelling unit of each block.

It should also be noted that the various arrangements of stairwells and staircases exposed in the various exemplary embodiments may relate to only part of an architectural ensemble. Thus along the length of an architectural complex comprising several blocks it is necessary to consider at least the ends of said architectural set as special cases because of the absence of neighboring block at said ends.

Moreover, according to a height, the arrangements according to the invention may relate to only part of the levels of a block whose access openings open on a landing of the staircase made according to the principles just described. and said staircase gives access itself to another staircase, shared by a larger number of housing units, which is associated where appropriate an elevator.

Figures 7 and 8 schematically show the general structure of a particular example of housing unit may advantageously be a housing block forming the architecture of the invention.

In this exemplary embodiment, the dwelling units 21-24 are configured to form living spaces having three zones, each having a separate volume and ceiling height.

There is thus a first residential area 41, or long stay area, having a maximum ceiling height and a second living area 42, or short stay area, having a lower ceiling height, but sufficient however, so that an individual can reside and move without embarrassment, given the activities that can be carried out in that area. There is still a third zone 43, or storage area, preferably located at the floor of the dwelling unit and whose height is defined according to the use primarily for this area. This zone 43 appears as embedded in one of the partitions of the long stay zone 41.

The short stay 42 and storage areas 43 have, moreover, a floor located at the floor level of the dwelling unit, in the example shown.

The long stay zone 41 constitutes the living area of the dwelling unit. It is designed to be equipped, at any given moment, only with furniture corresponding to the activity of the people occupying the area at the moment. During the exercise period of this activity, the useless furniture items are preferably stored in the storage area 43. Thus, the long stay area 41 is freed from anything that could unnecessarily encumber it during the period under consideration. so that this area can be in turn a living room, an office or a bedroom.

The short-stay zone 42 constitutes the zone in which short or repetitive activities or actions are carried out. It defines a sufficient floor space to integrate both for example a kitchen area 51 and a space of amenities (bathroom and toilet) 52; as shown in Figure 8.

From a structural point of view, each dwelling unit is arranged on a bearing floor 53a, 53b, as described above.

The short stay 42 and storage areas 43, which have lower ceiling heights than the long stay zone 41, have their open face extended by a partition 54 or 55 up to the ceiling level of the long stay zone 41. so that the long stay zone 41 is limited by two complete partitions going from the floor to the ceiling and by two partial partitions 54 and 55 in which are formed recesses which constitute the short stay 42 and storage areas 43. According to the In this particular embodiment of the housing units, the load-bearing floors forming the floors of two adjacent dwelling units are partially superimposed, so that a slab of the load bearing floor 53a forms the floor of a unit. housing 56a, forms an upper partition 57 of the storage area 43 of the housing unit 56b whose floor 53b is located immediately below.

Furthermore, the short-stay 42 and storage areas 43 of a dwelling unit 56a are dimensioned and arranged vis-à-vis the long stay area 41 so that the short stay area 42 of the dwelling unit 56a considered is superimposed on the storage area 43 of the contiguous housing area 56b. Thus, given this particular arrangement, the footprint of each dwelling unit is advantageously limited, the areas occupied by the areas 42 and 43 are shared. It should be noted that the storage areas having, because of their coordination with the short stay spaces, a depth that can be large compared to their height, they can advantageously be dedicated to the storage of furniture. For this purpose a housing unit can advantageously be equipped with easily movable furniture, mounted on wheels for example, which are extracted from the storage area (43) and placed in the long stay area (41) for the duration of their use and reintroduced into this area (43) after use. Where appropriate, the dwelling units 21 to 24 comprise several long stay areas and / or several short stay areas and / or several storage areas. These spaces are then arranged taking into account the arrangement of housing units relative to each other.

FIGS. 9 to 11 show the advantageous technical characteristics of the central column around which the standard housing units 21 -24 are arranged to form a residential block 13 in which the dwelling units are arranged in a helix.

The storage areas 43 which may be located at the floor level of the dwelling unit as in the example shown in FIG. 8 may also be located above the floor of the dwelling unit, for example relative to the reference floor, at a height substantially equal to an integer number of times the pitch P of the housing block as the storage areas 43a illustrated in the embodiment shown in Figure 6. As shown 9, the column 25 is a cylindrical element, for example of square or rectangular or circular section, around which are arranged the different housing units offset in height relative to each other. This central column is preferably the base of the supporting structure of a residential block 13.

The reference floor of each dwelling unit determines a reference plane 61 of the dwelling unit under consideration. According to the invention, a reference point 61 1 having a position determined with respect to the axis of the block 13 in the reference plane 61 of each dwelling unit is located on a propeller having a determined pitch, P, defined above, so that the height h separating the base planes 61 from two adjoining dwelling units is determined by the number of housing units (ie reference planes) per turn of the propeller.

Thus, in the implementation example detailed here, the height h is substantially equal to a quarter of pitch P helix.

Furthermore, as illustrated in FIG. 10, the column 25 has on its height a succession of platforms 71, which effectively divides the column 25 into a succession of segments 72. Each platform 71 is spaced from neighboring platforms of a height H defined at a time so that a human operator of average size can stand inside a segment 72 of the column and so that the same operator can intervene on any the height of the wall of a column section, without having to climb a ladder, a step ladder or any other device forcing it to work in an elevated position.

According to the invention, the height arrangement of the various platforms 71, with respect to the dwelling units in particular, is defined by taking into account the height H, of the pitch P of the helix according to which the units dwellings are arranged around the column and the number of housing units per turn of the propeller.

According to the invention also, each platform 71 has a passage opening 73 allowing the operator to move from one platform to another. This opening, represented circular in the drawings but may have another shape, has dimensions sufficient to allow the passage of an operator using a ladder 74 to go from the platform considered to the platform located at a lower level or at a higher level. The ladder 74 is preferably a vertically fixed ladder on the wall of the column section 72 in question. As illustrated in FIG. 10, the relative positioning of the passage openings 73 between two successive platforms 71 is defined in such a way that these two openings are not vertically opposite one another. Thus, advantageously, no crinoline is necessary on the scale and an operator does not risk a fall greater than the height separating two platforms in the column

From a dimensional point of view, as illustrated in the diagrammatic view of FIG. 11, the column 25 is made with a section sufficient to route as much as possible all the pipes 81 carrying water, water, water, water and water. air and possibly other fluids such as city gas, as well as the electrical and digital networks serving a block of housing 13 and sewerage networks, while leaving the operator enough space to work on these pipelines and networks and in particular to intervene on the means of connection 82 thereof to the different housing units.

According to the invention, the connection of the different networks to the dwelling units is achieved by providing crossings of the wall of the central column 25 at the appropriate places, according to the arrangement of the receiving elements of these networks within each Unité d'Habitation. For this purpose, the interior layout of the dwelling units is determined in such a way that the short-stay spaces (ie the kitchen spaces and the sanitary spaces) have one of their partitions which is contiguous with the wall of the house. central column. In this way, the water supply and wastewater disposal of these short-stay spaces can be achieved simply and directly without crossing another housing unit. In addition it is possible to size the central column 25 so that it can contain equipment such as toilet flush tanks or siphons showers which are then removable and accessible for maintenance from outside the housing units .

In addition, because of the offset height of the floors of each dwelling unit, it is relatively easy to fix the equipment dedicated to each dwelling unit in the column at different heights. Therefore, by avoiding setting the equipment of several housing units at the same height, which would be the case if the housing units were not arranged in a helix, a throttling in the column that avoids , at equivalent work space for an operator, to reduce the section of the column, and this especially as the operator does not need in the proposed arrangement of any raising means to work.

It should be noted that, from the point of view of the embodiment, because of the standard character of the various elements constituting the architecture according to the invention, in particular because of the establishment of a central column and units of housing can be standardized, it is possible to build such an architecture advantageously economical and fast, without sacrificing the quality of the habitat thus achieved.

Such an architecture can in particular be made from standard prefabricated elements that can be assembled on the construction site.

Thus, it is for example possible to define, according to the structure of the housing units, a set of floors, partitions and standardized building elements, of predefined dimensions, allowing, after assembly, to achieve a supporting structure of each of the housing units of a block so, for example that each dwelling unit has a long stay space, a short stay space and a storage space as described above. Thus, it is clear from the foregoing description that the housing architecture according to the invention has advantages over a conventional architecture, in particular an optimization of the space dedicated to the clearances between dwellings and the space dedicated to storage and easements inside the homes. This optimization itself induces an optimization of the footprint of the architecture.

Claims

Residential architecture comprising at least two residential blocks (13) juxtaposed, each residential block comprising a plurality of dwelling units (21 -24) distributed in a constant pitch helix P around a vertical axis said block so that reference floors (53, 53a, 53b) of two successive dwelling units following the helix are offset by a given height h, such that h corresponds to the vertical distance separating the reference floors two superimposed dwelling units divided by N number of housing units per tower, characterized in that:

- The at least two juxtaposed blocks are arranged with pinions (28, 29) facing each other so that a space sufficient to form a stairwell (31) is maintained between said pinions facing;

in each of the at least two juxtaposed blocks, access openings (213) of at least two successive housing units following the helix of the block in question are open on the pinion of said block considered facing the pinion of another block, so that said access openings open into the stairwell (31);

- A staircase (32) is arranged in the stairwell (31), said staircase having flights of steps (33) between bearings (34), each bearing being located at at least one access opening. a dwelling unit served by said bearing and the difference in height between two successive stages being less than the pitch P of the propeller.

Housing architecture according to Claim 1, in which at least one of the gears (28, 29) facing the at least two juxtaposed blocks (13) has a corner on the walls of which the access openings open ( 213) of at least two successive housing units following the helix of the block whose pinion comprises the corner. 3 - Architecture of housing according to claim 2 wherein each of the pinions (28, 29) facing the at least two blocks (13) juxtaposed has a corner on the walls of which open the access openings ( 213) of at least two successive housing units following the helix of the block whose pinion comprises the corner.

4 - Housing architecture according to one of the preceding claims wherein gears (28, 29) facing the at least two blocks (13) juxtaposed are spaced apart from each other to form a through space between said at least two blocks and to determine a desired dimension of the stairwell (31).

5 - Architecture of housing according to claim 4 wherein at least one additional block (13s), whose housing units are arranged helically, is arranged relative to the at least two blocks (13) juxtaposed so that openings access of housing unit arranged on a pinion open into the through space at the level of bearings (34) of the staircase.

6 - Housing architecture according to claim 5 wherein the access openings of housing units of at least one additional block (13s) and opening into the through space are each connected to at least one bearing (34). ) located substantially at the same height by a passageway (341).

7 - Housing architecture according to one of the preceding claims wherein the number N of housing units per revolution of a helix in a block is equal to four. 8 - Housing architecture according to one of the preceding claims wherein the dwelling units (21 -24) of two blocks (13) juxtaposed are distributed in each of said two blocks according to propellers having a same direction of rotation and in which the staircase (32) is arranged in a helix having a direction of rotation opposite to that of the propellers in which are distributed housing units. 9 - Housing architecture according to one of the preceding claims wherein the vertical axis of a block around which the housing units are distributed helically substantially coincides with the axis of a central column (25) hollow. 10 - Housing architecture according to one of the preceding claims wherein a block is formed by an ordered assembly of elements of a prefabricated load bearing structure in which the reference floors (53, 53a, 53b) housing units said block are assembled to the central column (25).

1 1 - Housing architecture according to claim 10, wherein the structures of the reference floors (53a, 53b) of two successive housing units (21 -24) of a block (13) in the helix overlap partially so as to determine in a dwelling unit at least one space limited in height by the structure of the reference floor of the upper dwelling unit following it in the propeller.

12 - Housing architecture according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a standard dwelling unit (56a, 56b) consisting of a long-stay zone (41) of parallelepipedal shape in full height, a zone of short stay (42) and a storage area (43), these areas, lower heights, each opening on a wall of the long stay area (41), the storage areas (43) having a same base area that the short-stay areas (42), the storage and short-stay areas are configured such that the storage area (43) of a dwelling unit (56b) is housed below the short-stay area (42) of the adjoining dwelling unit (56a); reference floors carrying two adjoining housing units being spaced from a height substantially corresponding to the height of the storage areas. - Housing architecture according to claim 12, wherein the width and depth of a short stay area (42) are determined to contain a kitchen area (51) and a bathroom (52). - Housing architecture according to one of claims 12 or 13, wherein the housing unit considered having N housing units per revolution of the propeller, the height of the storage area (43) of a unit d standard dwelling being substantially equal to the Nth of the height of the long stay zone (41), the height of the short-stay zone (42) is substantially equal to the thickness of the floor structures close to (N- 1) / N times the height of the long stay area (41). - Housing architecture according to claim 14, wherein the residential block considered comprises N = 4 dwelling units per turn of the propeller, the height of the storage area (43) of a standard dwelling unit (56a, 56b) is substantially equal to one-quarter of the height of the long-stay zone (41) and the height of the short-stay zone (42) is substantially equal, at the floor structure thicknesses, to three quarters of the height of the long stay area (41). - Housing architecture according to one of the preceding claims taken in combination with claim 8, wherein the central column (25) of a residential block is a technical column inside which circulate including conduits of distribution and disposal of water, air and fluids, as well as conductors providing distribution of an electrical energy network and a network for the transport and exchange of digital information; said column (25) having a plurality of superimposed segments (72) separated from one another by platforms (71), each section having a height H such that an operator on a platform form (71) can access any point of the wall of the section (72) inside which it is located, without resorting to a raising means, for example a ladder or stepladder. 17 - Housing architecture according to claim 16, wherein equipment, conventionally installed inside the housing units, for example toilet flush tanks, are installed inside the central column. (25), said equipment being further arranged in said central column shifted in height, similar to the different housing units and consistent with the housing units on which they depend, so as to avoid due to the fact that all of said equipment in a segment a reduction of free section of the central column substantially greater than that imposed by the equipment assigned to a single dwelling unit.

18 - Housing architecture according to claim 16 or claim 17, wherein the arrangement of each platform (71) in the central column corresponds to a reference plane (61) of a dwelling unit, the height H between two platforms corresponding to an integer number of times the distance h, between two reference planes of housing units successively succeeding one another in the propeller, less than the number N of housing unit per turn of propeller.

19 - Housing architecture according to one of claims 16 to 18, wherein each platform has a passage opening (73) whose dimensions are sufficient to allow an operator to pass a platform (71). ) to another platform immediately below or above the column, said passage openings communicating two platforms therebetween having a position vertically offset from one platform to another.