BE1024033B1 - MODULAR HOUSING - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a modular dwelling (1) comprising at least one module (3.4). Each module has an interior volume corresponding to n unit volumes (5) juxtaposed with a rectangular parallelepiped with dimensions length x width x height 180 cm x 180 cm x 270 cm. The invention also relates to a method of dimensioning such a modular dwelling using the unit volume (5).

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a modular dwelling optimized in terms of living space. The invention also relates to a method of dimensioning such a modular dwelling.

Introduction Modern man is subject to the vagaries of globalization. The demands of mobility and flexibility that flow from it make it a part of the ephemeral culture.

This life in motion must nevertheless respect the environment, be financially bearable and allow the modern man to flourish.

All this has repercussions on the characteristics of its housing which must in turn meet the requirements of compactness, flexibility of use, ability to recycle used materials and low energy consumption, while ensuring a space optimal vital for the inhabitant.

Background of the invention

Several approaches have been developed throughout the history of architecture to seek the perfect dimensions of the human body to create a space in perfect harmony with man. The term "Man" is here taken in its meaning designating the human race.

In Antiquity, the optimal living space is represented by Vitruvius, in his Treatise "De Architettura", by an inscription of the human body in a square, itself inscribed in a circle. This square is 6 feet or 4 cubits apart. Leonardo da Vinci adopts a similar approach leading to a square of 8 head heights and a circle whose center is the navel, but also introduces the notion of movement.

In the twentieth century, Le Corbusier developed an altimetric grid of proportions based on the Fibonnacci series.

The aforementioned approaches are all two-dimensional while the space in which the human being moves has three dimensions.

There remains, therefore, a need for a three-dimensional approach in order to define for the human being a unit minimum living space that can then be used to size compact homes. Summary of the invention

An object of the invention is to provide an optimal modular home, that is to say compact enough to be economical while 'ensuring the welfare of its occupants. To this end, the modular dwelling according to the invention comprises at least one module. Each module has an interior volume corresponding to n unit volumes juxtaposed with a rectangular parallelepiped with dimensions length x width x height of 180 cm x 180 cm x 270 cm.

According to the invention, n is a positive real number.

The interior volume of a module is outside the walls.

The aforementioned unit volume, called VEM® ("Volume In Motion") below, was determined by the minimum volume to meet both the needs of the gestuality of an individual (at the level of its upper and lower limbs) and the imperatives related to the concept of proxemics. This concept, created by the American anthropologist Edward T. Hall in 1963, focuses on the appreciation of suitable distances between people to ensure their psychological well-being.

This VEM® must therefore be considered as a minimum three-dimensional living space for an individual. A house sized using this unit volume can reconcile compactness and well-being. Compactness makes it possible to reduce the cost of construction and energy consumption.

According to a preferred embodiment, at least one module has at least one face at least partially open on the outside. In this respect, each module may comprise one or more compact terraces. Advantageously, these are provided with an awning or are covered.

In a variant, at least one module has a number n which is a positive integer.

Preferably, the modular dwelling according to the invention comprises a single module with n varying from 14 to 17. Preferably, it further comprises a second module with n equal to 6.

Advantageously, the modules of the modular dwelling according to the invention are apposable. This embodiment makes it possible to assemble modules and thus to design a variety of dwellings from different modules produced economically in large series. It is also easy to adapt such a modular dwelling as a function of subsequent needs by the addition of one or the other additional module as an extension. In particular, the modules can be stackable.

In an advantageous embodiment, each module is transportable individually. This allows. the prefabrication of the modules in series in the factory, before their transport on site where they are assembled.

In another advantageous embodiment, the modular single-module dwelling comprises one or more furniture units, of which at least one comprises at least one folding element. Advantageously, its variant with two modules comprises a total of several furniture of which at least four each comprise at least one foldable element. Yet another embodiment provides that each module of the modular dwelling comprises one or more furniture of which at least one comprises at least one slidable element. Preferably, each module comprises one or more chassis assemblies of which at least one comprises at least one slidable element, for example a French window.

In a variant, each module comprises one or more pieces of furniture of which at least one comprises at least one extensible element. By extensible element is meant in the present application any extension or expandable element in two or three dimensions.

These last five embodiments make it possible to have a home that is both flexible to use (versatile) and more compact.

Advantageously, the furniture of the modular dwelling is of industrial manufacture, that is to say mass production.

Advantageously, the modular dwelling according to the invention is a passive construction. By this characteristic, the present application is understood to mean a passive certified residential construction according to the national standards in force in the country, in particular European, where the dwelling is installed. Thus, the energy requirement (heating) will be less than or equal to 15 kWh / m2 / year and the result of the blister door test according to EN 13829 will be less than or equal to 0, 6 h'1, which is the air change per hour measured at a pressure difference of 50 Pa.)

According to a preferred embodiment, the modular dwelling according to the invention consists of materials that can be used industrially. Preferably, it is made of recyclable materials. This latter embodiment has the cumulative benefits of a relatively low cost and a minimal ecological footprint.

Advantageously, the materials of the modular dwelling according to the invention comprise structural concrete.

Another object of the invention is to provide a method for dimensioning a single module of the modular dwelling according to the invention. To this end, the sizing method according to the invention comprises the definition of a unit volume of a rectangular parallelepiped with dimensions length x width x height of 180cm x 180 cm x 270 cm, called VEM®. Then we fix the number of inhabitants p. We then size the different living spaces taking into account the functions f of each space. Thus, a stay with the three functions of cooking, eating and rest will include f x p or 3p unit volumes juxtaposed; a first bathroom (f = 1)) will include f x p or p unitary volumes juxtaposed; a first bedroom (f = 1) will comprise 2 x f x p or 2p unitary volumes juxtaposed and a first circulation (f = 1) will comprise p unitary volumes juxtaposed.

The unit volume as defined above is the minimum vital volume of the Man so that he can perform his daily tasks in both physical and psychological comfort. In this regard, the three functions relating to the stay each require a unit volume per person, the function of the bathroom (to wash) a unit volume per inhabitant, the function of the bedroom (sleep) two unit volumes per inhabitant to account for the shift from standing to recumbent and vice versa and traffic (corridor) per capita volume. A house dimensioned by means of this volume thus allows the Man to reconcile compactness and well-being. Compactness makes it possible to reduce the cost of construction and energy consumption.

Preferably, in the process according to the invention the number of inhabitants p is 2. More preferably, p is equal to 2.

According to another embodiment, the method according to the invention further comprises the dimensioning of a second module affixed to the first. This involves defining the number q of inhabitants of the second module as well as the sizing of additional living spaces. Thus, a second bedroom will include two unit volumes juxtaposed (for a single bed or bunkable deployable); a second bathroom will contain f x q unitary volumes juxtaposed with f = 1, and a second circulation will include 1 to 2 unit volumes juxtaposed. Preferably q is 2, more preferably q is 2.

According to a preferred embodiment, the method according to the invention further comprises the dimensioning of at least one terrace each comprising r unit volumes, r being a positive real number, preferably ^ 2. Advantageously, these are provided with an awning or are covered.

Another object of the invention is to make the best use of the available space, particularly in cities and their peripheries. To this end, the dwelling according to the invention is used to be installed on any ground having the capacity to accommodate at least one housing. Thus, the dwelling according to the invention · is used to be installed not only in areas reserved for housing but also in areas included in the land use plan for functions other than that of the dwelling: offices, shops, etc. This also includes that it can be installed on a building located in these latter areas, for example on a commercial building.

Brief description of the figures

These and other aspects of the invention will be clarified in the detailed description of particular embodiments of the invention, with reference to the drawings of the figures, in which:

Fig.l is a plan view of a modular dwelling according to the invention comprising a single module;

Fig.2 is a plan view of a modular dwelling according to the invention comprising two modules affixed;

Fig. 3 is a perspective representation of the unit volume VEM®;

Fig. 4 is a perspective representation of the modular dwelling of FIG. 1;

Fig. 5 is another perspective view of the modular dwelling of FIG. 1

Fig. 6 is a perspective representation of the modular dwelling of FIG. 2;

Fig. 7 is another perspective view of the modular dwelling of FIG. 2;

Fig. 8 is a perspective representation of several modular dwellings each comprising several stacked modules.

The figures are not drawn to scale. Generally, similar elements are denoted by similar references in the figures.

Detailed description of the particular embodiments

Fig. 1 represents a modular dwelling 1 comprising a single module 3 for a number of inhabitants p = 2. As can be seen, the interior volume of this module consists of n parallelepiped unit volumes juxtaposed VEM® 5. The number n is here of 16.5 considering a terrace under awning 7 giving access to housing 1 (unit half-volume 5). Note the presence of another terrace under awning 9 (two units VEM® 5) of which one face gives entirely on the outside. The module also has several furniture including a double bed 11, a table 13 and a kitchen furniture 14, each of these furniture being foldable.

Fig. 2 shows another modular dwelling 1 comprising, in addition to a first module 3, a second module 4 which is affixed to the first. The modules 3 and 4 respectively have ni = 16.5 and n2 = 6 VEM® units 5. It will be noted, with respect to FIG. 1, the folded position of the double bed 11 and a different arrangement of the table 13. It will further be noted that the module 4 comprises a deployable superimposed bed 12 and a covered terrace 10.

Fig. 3 illustrates in greater detail such a parallelepiped Rectangle VEM® 5. It has a square base of 180 cm side and a height of 270 cm. A man 15 is disposed along the vertical axis (not shown) of the VEM®. The movements of the lower limbs of man are written in a cylinder 17 135 cm in diameter (of which only its circular base is shown) extending to the navel. Those of its upper limbs are inscribed from the navel into a sphere 135 cm in diameter. The cylinder 17 and the sphere 19 give the human being enough living space to perform his daily tasks. The sum of the 135 cm diameter of the cylinder 17 and a proxemic distance of 45 cm gives rise to the square base (180 cm) side of the VEM® 5, ie four cubits of 45 cm. As for its height of 270 cm, it results from the sum of a height of Man with arm raised of 226 cm according to the modulor of the architect Le Corbusier (dimensions of a man said standard) and a proxemic distance 44 cm, making a total of six cubits of 45 cm. The VEM is therefore designed to give the human being a necessary minimum living space which nevertheless preserves its well-being, both physical and psychological.

Figs. 4 and 5 show perspective views of the modular dwelling 1 shown in FIG. 1.

Figs. Figures 6 and 7 show in perspective of the modular dwelling 1 of FIG. 2.

Fig. 8 shows several modular dwellings 1, in the form of apartment buildings, each comprising a different stack of modules 3 alone and assemblies 23 each consisting of a module 3 and a module 4. This example demonstrates the flexibility of design that can be achieved by combining modules 3 and 4.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the examples illustrated and described above. The invention comprises each of the novel features as well as their combination. The presence of reference numbers can not be considered as limiting. The use of the term "includes" can in no way exclude the presence of elements other than those mentioned. The use of the definite article "a" to introduce an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of these elements. The present invention has been described in connection with specific embodiments, which are purely illustrative and should not be construed as limiting.

Claims (24)

A modular dwelling (1) comprising at least one module (3, 4), characterized in that each module has an interior volume corresponding to n unit volumes (5) juxtaposed with a rectangular parallelepiped with dimensions length x width x height of 180cm x 180cm x 270cm. 2. Modular dwelling according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one module (3,4) has at least one face at least partially open on the outside. 3. Modular dwelling according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one module (3,4) has a number n which is a positive integer. 4. Modular dwelling according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a single module (3) with n varying from 14 to 17. 5. Modular dwelling according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that it further comprises a second module (4) with n equal to 6. 6. Modular dwelling according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the modules (3,4) are apposable. 7. Modular dwelling according to claim 6, characterized in that the modules (3,4) are stackable. 8. Modular dwelling according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each module (3,4) is individually transportable. 9. Modular dwelling according to claim 4, characterized in that the module (3) comprises a plurality of furniture of which at least three each comprise at least one folding element. 10. Modular dwelling according to claim 5, characterized in that the modules (3,4) comprise in total several furniture of which at least four (11, 12,13,14) each comprise at least one foldable element. 11. Modular dwelling according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each module (3,4) comprises one or more chassis assemblies of which at least one comprises at least one slidable element. 12. Modular dwelling according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each module (3,4) comprises one or more furniture of which at least one comprises at least one slidable element. 13. Modular dwelling according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each module (3,4) comprises at least one or more furniture of which at least one (12,13) comprises at least one extensible element. 14. Modular dwelling according to any one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the furniture is of industrial manufacture. 15. Modular dwelling according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a passive construction. 16. Modular dwelling according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists of materials capable of being implemented industrially. 17. Modular dwelling according to claim 16, characterized in that the materials are recyclable. 18. Modular dwelling according to claim 16, characterized in that the materials comprise structural concrete. 19. A method of dimensioning a modular single-module housing (1) (3), characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) defining a unit volume (5) of a rectangular parallelepiped with dimensions length x width x height 180 cm x 180 cm x 270 cm; b) definition of the number of inhabitants p of the module; c) definition of the number of functions f according to the specific living space of the dwelling (1); d) sizing of a stay comprising f x p unit volumes (5) juxtaposed where f = 3; e) sizing of a first bathroom comprising f x p unit volumes (5) juxtaposed where f = 1; f) sizing of a first chamber comprising 2 x f x p unit volumes (5) juxtaposed where f = 1; g) sizing of a first circulation comprising f x p unit volumes (5) juxtaposed where f = 1. 20. The method of claim 19, characterized in that p ^ 2. 21. The method of claim 19 or 20, characterized in that it further comprises the following steps relating to the sizing of a second module (4) affixed to the first: h) definition of the number of inhabitants q of the second module ; i) sizing of a second bedroom comprising 2 unit volumes (5) juxtaposed; j) sizing of a second bathroom comprising f x q unit volumes (5) juxtaposed with f = 1; k) dimensioning of a second circulation comprising 1 to 2 unit volumes (5) juxtaposed. 22. Method according to any one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that it further comprises the following step: l) sizing of at least one terrace (7,9,10) each comprising r unit volumes ( 5), where r is a positive real number. 23. The method of claim 22, characterized in that the at least one terrace is each provided with a canopy or a covering element. 24. Use of the modular dwelling (1) according to claims 1 to 18 for installation on a construction having a function other than the dwelling.