WO2014124888A1 - Procédé et machine permettant la fabrication d'un revêtement de surface - Google Patents

Procédé et machine permettant la fabrication d'un revêtement de surface Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014124888A1
WO2014124888A1 PCT/EP2014/052506 EP2014052506W WO2014124888A1 WO 2014124888 A1 WO2014124888 A1 WO 2014124888A1 EP 2014052506 W EP2014052506 W EP 2014052506W WO 2014124888 A1 WO2014124888 A1 WO 2014124888A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base material
coating
machine
laser beam
individual areas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/052506
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerhard Prenzel
Holger Kassner
Sebastian HAGENMÜLLER
Christian Vogel
Original Assignee
Lufthansa Technik Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lufthansa Technik Ag filed Critical Lufthansa Technik Ag
Publication of WO2014124888A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014124888A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
    • B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
    • B23K26/354—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
    • B23K26/3568—Modifying rugosity
    • B23K26/3584—Increasing rugosity, e.g. roughening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C23C4/073—Metallic material containing MCrAl or MCrAlY alloys, where M is nickel, cobalt or iron, with or without non-metal elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a surface coating on a base material, wherein the base material has a surface. Furthermore, the invention relates to a machine, wherein the machine is adapted for coating surfaces.
  • Coatings on surfaces of components are used in a variety of applications to improve the surface properties of a base material or to adapt to particular requirements.
  • the preparation of the surface before a coating process is of particular importance, since the adhesion of the coating is significantly dependent on the surface or its preparation and pretreatment.
  • the surface should be very clean for optimal adhesion, i. free of any contamination, as well as free from foreign matter traps and have a certain roughness.
  • One common method of pretreatment is face-milling.
  • the surface is irradiated with a blasting medium, eg corundum, which removes possible contamination or impurities on the surface and produces a uniform roughness.
  • a blasting medium eg corundum
  • the blasting material itself can lead to a contamination of the surface by inclusions of blasting agent.
  • surfaces of a component which are to be left unprocessed must be masked beforehand. This leads to a complicated preparation before the pretreatment.
  • Raustrahlen it is also disadvantageous that the blasting material must be removed again and the environment is polluted with dusts, which must be extracted and filtered.
  • a material removal is undesirable because it reduces the wall thicknesses with regular coating, especially in thin-walled components, as they are commonly found in aircraft, long term. Furthermore, the material removal can lead to residual stresses in the components due to material removal.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a machine for producing a surface coating, which overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages.
  • a method for producing a surface coating on a base material, wherein the base material has a surface is proposed.
  • the surface is irradiated with a high-energy beam generated by means of a beam generator at a plurality of individual areas on the surface, wherein the base material in the individual areas is heated briefly ablation-free, wherein the base material is remelted near the surface in the individual areas.
  • a coating is applied to the surface.
  • the local irradiation of the surfaces is preferably carried out at any time only on a single area, which is preferably less than 1 mm 2 .
  • the base material is heated close to the surface by the action of the high-energy beam, wherein the heating takes place at high heating rates.
  • the base material is heated in such a way that the base material below the ablation threshold is heated in the area of action of the high-energy jet.
  • a removal of base material is prevented, whereby the actual wall thickness of components is maintained even with multiple applications.
  • the formation of dusts as a result of ablation or evaporation is prevented, whereby the surrounding atmosphere is less stressed.
  • the base material is therefore only remelted and not removed, which can result in a steam-free and dust-free pretreatment.
  • the coating of the surface is preferably carried out by a thermal coating, which e.g. can be applied in a thermal spray process.
  • the applied coatings can be, for example, wear protection layers, thermal barrier coatings and / or anticorrosive coatings.
  • the process generally enables higher bond strengths and improved reproducibility and process stability than the known processes.
  • the method enables high quality coatings with high bond strengths without prior mechanical roughening of the surface. As a result, this process step can be omitted and jet and wear agents and their disposal can be saved. In addition, however, a mechanical pretreatment can continue to be carried out.
  • Remelting makes it possible to obtain surfaces of various average roughness, e.g. between 2 ⁇ to 4 ⁇ or average roughness in the range between 1 ⁇ . up to 100 / xm.
  • the surface of the base material is orthogonally irradiated with a tolerance of 25 ° with high-energy radiation.
  • the preferably orthogonal irradiation allows a homogeneous surface without preferential orientation and a homogeneous distribution of the remelted material, which favors a uniform adhesion.
  • a substantially vertical beam guidance leads to a prepared surface, which can be free from undercuts.
  • a regular structure is produced on the surface of the base material.
  • a homogeneous structure for adhesion without preferential direction can be achieved.
  • the high-energy beam is pulsed in a frequency range of 10 kHz to 100 kHz. It has been shown that in this frequency range, the method can be advantageously applied. Furthermore, can the method can be used particularly advantageously in a frequency range between 30 kHz and 80 kHz.
  • the average beam power is between 5 to 30 W. Furthermore, a beam power of 8 W to 13 W in the case of a pulsed high-energy beam with a pulse frequency between 30 kHz and 80 kHz is advantageous for the pretreatment of the surface.
  • the high-energy beam is a laser beam.
  • the high-energy beam may be an electron beam.
  • a laser beam is advantageous in this case since it can be used in the same atmosphere as a thermal spraying method, as a result of which the set-up times between pretreatment and coating can be kept low.
  • the beam generator is in preferred embodiments a laser source, further preferably a solid-state laser. In alternative embodiments, the beam generator may be an electron beam source.
  • the laser beam has a wavelength in the near infrared region, preferably in the range of 780 nm to 1400 nm, more preferably in the range of 900 nm to 1300 nm, even more preferably between 1000 nm to 1200 nm, for example 1060 nm to 1070 nm.
  • This wavelength range has proven itself in tests and enables high adhesive tensile strengths of the subsequent coatings.
  • an interruption of less than 2 hours, preferably less than 45 minutes, more preferably less than 5 minutes, is provided between the performance of the first process step and the second process step.
  • an interruption of less than 2 hours, preferably less than 45 minutes, more preferably less than 5 minutes is provided between the performance of the first process step and the second process step.
  • the object of the invention is achieved on the basis of the preamble of claim 9 in conjunction with its characterizing features.
  • a machine is proposed, the machine being adapted for coating surfaces.
  • the machine comprises a coating device and a jet generator, wherein the machine is adapted to perform a method according to one of claims 1 to 9.
  • the integration of the jet generator or the laser beam device makes it possible to carry out the surface pretreatment in the same machine and preferably in the same clamping of the workpiece. This reduces set-up procedures and shortens the time between pretreatment and coating.
  • the coating can be done, for example, directly after the remelting of the surface. Due to the ablation-free process control, the preparation of the surface can also take place in the immediate vicinity of the coating device, without causing contamination or contamination.
  • the machine thus enables the coating of components with a high reproducibility and coating quality, whereby the machine allows a very clean application of the method, whereby the cost of cleaning the machine, filtering the exhaust air and disposal of materials can be significantly reduced. Compared to Raustrahlanlagen the maintenance effort is significantly reduced.
  • the jet generator or the laser beam device and the coating device can be placed together under a protective gas atmosphere.
  • both process steps can advantageously be carried out successively without changing the atmosphere. This prevents oxidation of the treated surface after reflow of the surface, which improves the coating quality of a subsequent coating.
  • Fig. 1 shows a regular structure of a pretreated and remelted surface
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a machine with a coating device and a beam generator.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a surface 3 of a base material 2 which, in the upper left-hand part of the illustration, is provided with a high-energy beam, in this embodiment.
  • Example with a laser beam was pretreated for a subsequent thermal coating.
  • the pretreatment improves the surface 3 in such a way that better adhesion properties can be achieved for the subsequent coating. This is achieved on the one hand by a contamination-free surface 3 and on the other hand by an optimized roughness of the surface 3.
  • the combination of these two properties leads to high coating qualities.
  • the plurality of individual areas 4 can be seen, which were each heated locally by means of the laser beam.
  • the near-surface base material 2 was not removed in this case, but only heated to the extent that locally a melt was generated. Thus, no removal of base material 2 from the single area 4 occurs.
  • the molten base material 2 changes its shape according to the prevailing surface effects in its environment and cools after the end of the energy input, e.g. End of the laser pulse, especially by heat conduction into the surrounding material very quickly.
  • the base material 2 is therefore remelted overall near the surface.
  • the freedom from ablation does not preclude that contaminations or impurities that are still on the base material 2 can evaporate during the action of the high-energy beam.
  • the individual areas 4 are heated stepwise, so that the entire surface 3, which is to be pretreated,
  • the heating of a single region 4 correlates with a pulse of the laser beam.
  • the laser beam is preferably operated pulsed, wherein the laser beam can be continuously pivoted over the surface 3, so that a Variety of juxtaposed individual areas 4 results.
  • the high-energy beam or the laser beam can preferably depart on the surface 3 from a defined pattern, as a result of which a regular structure 5, as can be seen in FIG. 1, results on the surface 3.
  • the individual regions 4 have, in advantageous embodiments, an average diameter smaller than 100 / xm.
  • the beam diameter of the high-energy beam is relatively strongly focused in advantageous exemplary embodiments.
  • the near-surface heating preferably takes place in the upper 100 ⁇ from the surface 3 of the base material 2.
  • the machine 10 comprises a jet generator 12, which is provided for carrying out the pretreatment.
  • the beam generator 12, in this embodiment a laser source is in this case mounted on a robot 11, which can position the laser beam device 12 for the pretreatment of a plurality of components 14.
  • the laser source may also be disposed adjacent to the robot 11, and the laser beam may be directed from the laser source to the robot 11 via appropriate beam guidance.
  • the laser beam is additionally optically
  • the robot 11 can be used in particular to be able to cover the surface 3 of the component 14 all around. In addition, this can be achieved by the fact that the La serstrahl predominantly perpendicular to the surface 3 of a component 14 impinges.
  • FIG. 2 which carries the coating device 13.
  • the coating device 13 can thus be robotically guided to the surface 3 of the component 14, where the robot 11 can position the Be coating device 13 in a favorable for the process distance or move.
  • the coating device 13 is preferably designed for thermal coating.
  • the thermal coating may comprise the various known thermal coating processes, e.g. thermal spray processes, such as plasma spraying or flame spraying.
  • the applied coatings can comprise, for example, MCrAlY, NiCrAlY or CoCrAlY.
  • the machine 10 is encapsulated in this advantageous exemplary embodiment, so that the pretreatment in a first process step and the coating process in a second process can be carried out together under a protective gas atmosphere.
  • the combined inert gas atmosphere allows short periods of time between pre-treatment and coating, with the remelted base material 2 in the meantime being subject to oxidation, e.g. in air, is prevented.
  • the integration of the cleaning process and the coating process in a common machine 10 with a closed inert gas atmosphere is achieved by the dust and steam-free method for the pretreatment of the surface 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant la fabrication d'un revêtement de surface sur un matériau de base (2). Le matériau de base (2) comprend une surface (3). Au cours d'une première étape de procédé, la surface (3) est exposée à un faisceau riche en énergie au moyen d'un générateur de faisceau (12), sur une pluralité de zones individuelles (4) présentes sur la surface (3), le matériau de base (2) étant temporairement chauffé sans ablation dans les zones individuelles (4). Le matériau de base (2) est refondu à proximité de la surface dans les zones individuelles (4). Au cours d'une deuxième étape de procédé, un revêtement est appliqué sur la surface (3).
PCT/EP2014/052506 2013-02-15 2014-02-10 Procédé et machine permettant la fabrication d'un revêtement de surface WO2014124888A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013202483.5 2013-02-15
DE102013202483.5A DE102013202483B4 (de) 2013-02-15 2013-02-15 Verfahren und Maschine zur Herstellung einer Oberflächenbeschichtung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014124888A1 true WO2014124888A1 (fr) 2014-08-21

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ID=50073180

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2014/052506 WO2014124888A1 (fr) 2013-02-15 2014-02-10 Procédé et machine permettant la fabrication d'un revêtement de surface

Country Status (2)

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DE (1) DE102013202483B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014124888A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111745297A (zh) * 2020-06-01 2020-10-09 上海交通大学 一种改善胶接性能的金属表面激光处理方法
CN114939727A (zh) * 2022-05-23 2022-08-26 蔚来汽车科技(安徽)有限公司 激光表面处理方法和激光表面处理站

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61163258A (ja) * 1985-01-11 1986-07-23 Shinagawa Refract Co Ltd レ−ザ溶射方法
EP1854903A1 (fr) * 2006-05-08 2007-11-14 Ford-Werke GmbH Procédé de fabrication de revêtements résistant à l'usure sur un corps de base métallique et un revêtement fabriqué avec ce procédé

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19941563A1 (de) * 1999-02-19 2000-08-31 Volkswagen Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten einer Oberfläche eines Bauteils
DE10261832A1 (de) * 2002-12-20 2004-07-01 Volkswagen Ag Verfahren zur Konditionierung von Dichtflächen
DE102008056727A1 (de) * 2008-11-11 2010-05-12 Daimler Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von thermisch gespritzten Schichten

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61163258A (ja) * 1985-01-11 1986-07-23 Shinagawa Refract Co Ltd レ−ザ溶射方法
EP1854903A1 (fr) * 2006-05-08 2007-11-14 Ford-Werke GmbH Procédé de fabrication de revêtements résistant à l'usure sur un corps de base métallique et un revêtement fabriqué avec ce procédé

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111745297A (zh) * 2020-06-01 2020-10-09 上海交通大学 一种改善胶接性能的金属表面激光处理方法
CN114939727A (zh) * 2022-05-23 2022-08-26 蔚来汽车科技(安徽)有限公司 激光表面处理方法和激光表面处理站

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Publication number Publication date
DE102013202483B4 (de) 2015-12-17
DE102013202483A1 (de) 2014-08-21

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