WO2014122116A2 - Verfahren zur nachträglichen oberflächenmodifizierung feinstrukturierter gebilde - Google Patents
Verfahren zur nachträglichen oberflächenmodifizierung feinstrukturierter gebilde Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014122116A2 WO2014122116A2 PCT/EP2014/052124 EP2014052124W WO2014122116A2 WO 2014122116 A2 WO2014122116 A2 WO 2014122116A2 EP 2014052124 W EP2014052124 W EP 2014052124W WO 2014122116 A2 WO2014122116 A2 WO 2014122116A2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/20—After-treatment of capsule walls, e.g. hardening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G23/047—Titanium dioxide
- C01G23/053—Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/04—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/10—Particle morphology extending in one dimension, e.g. needle-like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the subsequent surface modification of finely structured structures made of hard, inorganic materials and the structures obtainable by this process as such.
- Finely structured inorganic structures d. H. Structures of inorganic materials with spatial dimensions on the nanometer or micrometer scale such as finely divided hollow spheres, fibers, platelets or agglomerates of primary particles with dimensions in the nanometer range, are due to their morphology, ie their spatial structure, interesting for numerous applications, eg. As catalyst support materials, in fuel cells, as gas storage materials, for effect and effect release, in filter systems, in the textile industry and in the electronics industry. For example, one can store molecules in hollow nanospheres or use nanofibers as electrical conductors in molecular electronics. Another interesting feature of finely structured inorganic structures is their large specific surface area. As a result, interactions with the surrounding phase can be enhanced, so that, for example, catalysis and / or adsorption processes can proceed more quickly.
- the surface of the finely structured inorganic structures with organic molecules.
- This allows the properties of the inorganic structure, eg. As electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity / lipophilicity, adsorptivity or optical properties, targeted.
- it is of interest to carry out the modification of the inorganic structures subsequently, ie after their synthesis and, if appropriate, purification and / or isolation.
- “Bulk” nanoparticles in the form of unstructured, mechanically robust powders are brittle and mechanically fragile.
- Classical wet-chemical methods for surface modification often lead to the destruction of the finely structured ones due to the mechanical stress involved This mechanical stress can be due to forces which occur, for example, during mixing and stirring and in vapor bubble formation and / or formation. Gasification processes occur. Capillary forces can also lead to the destruction of the finely structured inorganic structure.
- the process should allow a high space-time yield in order to produce larger amounts of surface-modified finely structured inorganic structures economically.
- the invention therefore relates to a process for the subsequent surface modification of finely structured structures made of a hard, inorganic material, comprising the treatment of the finely structured structures with an organic liquid which contains at least one reactive substance which reacts with atoms of the inorganic material to form a chemical bond and which has at least one reactive functional group selected from hydroxyl groups, in particular carbon-bonded hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, carbonate groups and oxygen atoms bound to P atoms, the treatment being carried out under conditions in which the organic liquid is present under supercritical conditions.
- the invention is based on the phenomenon that under supercritical conditions, ie under pressure and temperature conditions above the critical pressure or the critical temperature of the liquid, the phase boundaries liquid and gaseous dissolve the organic liquid.
- the diffusion in supercritical state is strongly promoted, so that a mechanical mixing is not or hardly necessary.
- the physico-chemical processes described at the outset such as vapor bubble formation, outgassing or the occurrence of capillary forces, are reduced or avoided.
- finely structured structures are understood to mean structures having a material thickness M of at most 1000 nm, in particular in the range of 2 to 500 nm, in at least one spatial direction and a dimension in at least one spatial direction as a total structure that is at least 5 times, in particular at least 10 times the material thickness M.
- the material thickness M may be, for example, the wall thickness of the spherical shell of a hollow sphere, the diameter of a fiber, the thickness of a small plate or the diameter of individual primary particles which form an agglomerate.
- the dimension of the overall structure may, for example, be the diameter of a hollow sphere, the length of a fiber, the dimension of a small plate in its largest dimension or the dimension of the agglomerate in its greatest extent.
- the overall structure preferably has a dimension in the range from 10 .mu.m to 10 cm, particularly preferably in the range from 10 .mu.m to 5 cm, very particularly preferably in the range from 10 .mu.m to 1 cm, in at least one spatial direction.
- structures made of a hard, inorganic material for the subsequent surface modification the following structures are particularly suitable. i.
- Hollow spheres whose spherical shell has a thickness of at most 100 nm and in particular in the range of 2 to 50 nm and wherein the ratio of spherical diameter to thickness of the spherical shell is at least 5, in particular at least 7, especially at least 10 and for example in the range of 5 to 200, in particular in the range of 7 to 150 and especially from 10 to 100, is located; ii. Fibers having a fiber thickness of at most 1000 nm, in particular 50 to 500 nm and an aspect ratio of at least 50, in particular at least 100 z. In the range of 50 to 5000, especially in the range of 100 to 2000; iii.
- the finely structured structures used in the process according to the invention can be unfunctionalized, i. not yet treated with a reactive substance, or already partially functionalized. Preference is given to using inorganic structures which are unfunctionalized, that is to say less than 3% by weight, preferably less than 1% by weight or less than 0.1% by weight of reactive substance, based on the total inorganic structure on which Have surface.
- the hard, inorganic material that makes up the inorganic structures generally has a Mohs hardness of greater than 4, especially one
- the hard inorganic material is selected from metal oxides and semi-metal oxides.
- the hard inorganic material as the main component that is, in an amount of from 90 to 100% by weight, based on the total weight of the hard inorganic material, of at least one of the oxides of the group consisting of silica, zinc oxide, stannic oxide , Titanium (IV) oxide and alumina.
- the hard inorganic material as the main component comprises at least one of the group consisting of silica, titanium (IV) oxide and alumina or a mixture of these oxides with at least one further oxide from the group of zinc oxide and tin (IV) oxide.
- the hard inorganic material as the main component ie, in an amount of 90 to 100% by weight, based on the total weight of the hard inorganic material, comprises at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of silica.
- Finely structured structures made of inorganic hard materials are known in principle, for example from WO 03/034979 and WO 2010/122049, or can be prepared by standard methods, for example by sol-gel methods in multiphase systems or by sol-gel methods in combination with electrospinning.
- the inorganic structure is treated with an organic liquid containing at least one reactive substance.
- the organic liquid may also be the reactive substance itself.
- the organic liquid is the reactive substance itself or a solution of the reactive substance in an inert organic solvent. It is preferably a solution of the reactive substance in an inert organic solvent as defined below.
- the reactive substance has one or more, e.g. B. 1 to 10 or 1 to 5, reactive functionalities.
- the reactive substance preferably has 1, 2 or 3 reactive functionalities.
- the reactive substance 1 particularly preferably has reactive functionality.
- reactive functionalities are atoms and / or groups of atoms which are capable of reacting with the atoms of the hard, inorganic material to form a chemical bond.
- they are reactive functional groups that can react to form a covalent chemical bond with the atoms of the hard, inorganic material.
- the reactive functionalities of the reactive substance are selected according to the invention from among hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, carbonate groups and oxygen atoms bound to P atoms.
- the reactive functionalities are selected from hydroxyl groups, preferably carbon-bonded hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups and carbonate groups.
- the reactive substance is preferably selected from C 1 -C 6 -alkanols, such as, for example, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, 2-butanol and tert-butanol;
- C 1 -C 6 -alkanecarboxylic acids such as, for example, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid
- the reactive substance has two or more reactive functionalities, the reactive substance is preferably selected from
- C2-C6 alkane polycarboxylic acids d. H. polyvalent, z. B. di- or trivalent, linear or branched alkanecarboxylic acids having two to six carbon atoms. Examples are oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid and maleic acid;
- Hydroxy C 2 -C 6 alkane mono- and polycarboxylic acids d. H. mono- or polyvalent, z.
- C2-C6 alkane polyols e.g. B. di- or trivalent, linear or branched aliphatic alcohols having two to six carbon atoms. Examples are ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol and glycerol; C3-C6 cycloalkane polyols, d. H. polyvalent, z. B. di- or trivalent, cycloaliphatic alcohols having three to six carbon atoms, such as
- 2-hydroxyphenol pyrocatechol
- mono- and di-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl-2-hydroxyphenols in particular mono- and dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenols
- C 2 -C 4 -alkylene carbonates ie cyclic esters of carbonic acid with C 2 -C 4 -alkanediols, eg.
- ethylene carbonate (1, 3-dioxolan-2-one) and propylene carbonate (4-methyl-1, 3-dioxolan-2-one);
- the reactive substance is selected from C 1 -C 6 -alkanols, C 1 -C 6 -alkanecarboxylic acids, C 2 -C 6 -alkanepolycarboxylic acids, C 2 -C 6 -alkanepolyols, C 2 -C 4 -alkylene carbonates and mixtures thereof.
- Particularly preferred reactive substances are methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, oxalic acid, malonic acid, ethylene carbonate and mixtures thereof.
- Very particularly preferred reactive substances are ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, oxalic acid, malonic acid, ethylene carbonate and mixtures thereof.
- the reactive substance is selected from isopropanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol and mixtures thereof.
- the concentration of the reactive substance in the organic liquid is generally chosen so that the resulting mixture can easily be converted into the supercritical state.
- the organic liquid has a critical temperature T c in the range of 1 10 to 300 ° C.
- the organic liquid may consist entirely of the reactive substance and is preferably a mixture of at least one reactive substance with one or more inert organic solvents.
- the concentration of the reactive substance in the organic liquid is generally in the range from 0.01 to 50% by weight, in particular in the range from 0 , 1 to 20 wt .-%, based on the organic liquid. Accordingly, the reactive substance is generally used in an amount in the range of 0.01 to 50 wt .-%, in particular in the range of 0.1 to 20 wt .-%, based on the organic liquid.
- the proportion of the inert organic solvent in the organic liquid is generally in the range of 50 to 99.99 wt .-%, in particular in the range of 80 to 99.9 wt .-%, based on the organic liquid.
- Suitable inert organic solvents are preferably those organic compounds which have no reactive functionality as described above and which at normal pressure have a boiling point in the range from 10 to 100 ° C., in particular in the range from 30 to 90 ° C.
- Preferred inert organic solvents are selected from C 1 -C 4 -alkanals such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde and isobutyraldehyde and C 3 -C 4 -ketones such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, C 2 -C -alkanes such as ethane, propane, butane, isobutane , Pentane, isopentane, n-hexane and its isomers, n-heptane and its isomers and n-octane and its isomers and mixtures thereof.
- Particularly preferred inert organic solvents are C 2 -C 5 alkanes, C 3 -C 4 -ketones and mixtures thereof. Most preferably, the inert organic solvent is at least one C2-Cs alkane. Specifically, the inert organic solvent is selected from n-hexane, acetone and mixtures thereof. More specifically, the inert organic solvent is n-hexane.
- Preferred organic liquids are selected from C 1 -C 4 -alkanols, mixtures of at least two C 1 -C 4 -alkanols and mixtures of at least one
- C 1 -C 4 -alkanol with at least one further reactive substance selected from C 2 -C 6 -alkanepolyols, C 2 -C 4 -alkylene carbonates and C 2 -C 6 -alkane polycarboxylic acids.
- Preferred organic liquids are also mixtures of the abovementioned C 1 -C 4 -alkanols, C 2 -C 6 -alkanepolyols and C 2 -C 4 -alkylene carbonates, in particular ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol or ethylene carbonate, with C 2 -Cs-alkanes.
- the supercritical surface modification can be carried out in the usual way, for example in analogy to the cited prior art.
- a mixture of the organic liquid containing the reactive substance with the finely structured inorganic structures for example a suspension, heated under pressure to a temperature above the critical temperature.
- a pressure vessel As an autoclave, introduced organic liquid and then brings the liquid by heating under pressure to supercritical conditions, so that at no time during the treatment, the boiling temperature is exceeded at the pressure prevailing in the reaction vessel.
- the mixture is preferably kept for a period of 1 minute to 8 hours, in particular 1 minute to 4 hours, under supercritical conditions.
- the organic liquid and the reactive substance are then removed from the pressure vessel by depressurization, preferably isothermal expansion, preferably gradually by weak opening of the pressure valve.
- the Ent voltage is carried out at a relaxation rate in the range of 0.1 to 5 bar / min.
- the supercritical surface reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of at most 30 ° C, in particular at most 20 ° C above the critical temperature of the organic liquid.
- the temperature is in the range of 100 to 300 ° C, preferably 150 to 280 ° C.
- the required pressure is typically in the range of 30 to 90 bar, preferably 40 to 70 bar. If the supercritical surface reaction takes place, for example, with isopropanol as the organic liquid, a temperature of about 240 to 270 ° C. and a pressure of about 50 to 70 bar are generally set.
- the structure used is obtained from a hard, inorganic material whose surface is modified with the reactive substance.
- the degree of surface coverage can be determined, for example, via the carbon content determined in the elemental analysis of the structures.
- the determined carbon content of the surface-modified hard, inorganic structures is preferably in the range from 0.1 to 15% by weight, in particular in the range from 1 to 5% by weight, based on the total mass of the surface-functionalized structures.
- the structure obtainable according to the invention comprises an inorganic material which is chosen from metal oxides and semimetal oxides and in particular contains as main component at least one oxide in an amount of 90 to 100% by weight, based on the total mass of the inorganic material, of silica, Zinc oxide, stannic oxide, titanium (IV) oxide and alumina is selected.
- the materials according to the invention are suitable for a large number of applications.
- Figure 1 TEM image of the isopropanol surface-modified silica hollow spheres from Example 1.
- Figure 2 TEM image of isopropanol surface-modified titanium dioxide hollow spheres.
- Figure 3 SEM image of the isopropanol surface-modified titanium dioxide nanofibers from Example 2.
- Figure 4 SEM image of the isopropanol surface-modified silica nanoparticle agglomerates from Example 3 (section of the agglomerate surface).
- Titanium isopropoxide > 97%, Sigma-Aldrich
- EO-PO block copolymer (commercial poly (ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide))
- Block copolymer having a molecular weight of 4950 g / mol and an ethylene oxide content of 30%
- Acetylacetone (> 99%, Sigma-Aldrich)
- Elemental analysis determination of the carbon content of the samples as a measure of the success of the surface reaction: vario MICRO cube (Elementar, operating mode CHN at 1000 ° C)
- the degree of destruction of the structures was assessed visually by means of light or electron microscopy.
- the surface-modified structures obtained by the process according to the invention had, in all examples, a degree of destruction of less than 15%, based on the total number of structures used for surface modification.
- Preparation Example 1 (Silica balls): Dissolved 0.3 g of EO-PO block copolymer in 48 g of demineralized water and added 6 g of n-decane with stirring. The reaction mixture was treated for 30 minutes, until dispersed, in an ultrasonic bath. 90 ml of a 2.36% aqueous solution of waterglass were placed in a vessel maintained at 60.degree. C. and the pH was adjusted to pH 8 by adding 1M HCl. After a reaction time of 12.5 hours, the mixture was filtered through a glass frit having a pore size of 0.45 ⁇ m and the filter residue was washed several times with demineralized water and ethanol. The product was dried for several hours at 25 ° C under vacuum conditions.
- Silica hollow spheres having an average diameter of about 500 ⁇ m were obtained.
- the specific surface area of the hollow spheres was about 60 to 80 m 2 / g.
- the carbon content of the hollow spheres was less than 0.1 wt .-%.
- Example 1 surface modification of the silica hollow spheres of Preparation Example 1:
- the average diameter of the hollow spheres was about 450 to 500 ⁇ .
- the specific surface area of the hollow spheres was about 60 to
- the carbon content of the hollow spheres was about 0.8% by weight.
- the hollow spheres were hydrophobic with a contact angle of 140 °.
- a TEM image of the hollow spheres obtained is shown in FIG.
- Production Example 2 (Nanofibers of Titanium Dioxide): The preparation was carried out in accordance with the instructions of D. Li, Y. Xia, Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 555-560.
- the solution was placed in an electrospinning apparatus and spun at a voltage of about 50 kV. The electrode spacing was 25 cm.
- the resulting nanofibers were dried at 150 ° C. for 2 h and calcined at 550 ° C. for 2 h to remove the polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- Titanium dioxide nanofibers were obtained with an average diameter of about 300 to 500 nm and an average length of more than 100 ⁇ m as determined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
- the carbon content of the nanofibers was less than 0.1% by weight.
- the surface modification was carried out in the same way as in Example 1.
- the starting material used was 20 g of titanium dioxide nanofibers from Preparation Example 2.
- Production Example 3 Silica Nanoparticle Agglomerates: In a mixing chamber, 2 L of 13% strength by weight technical waterglass solution and 1 L of 23% strength by weight sulfuric acid were combined. The sol formed by the neutralization of the water glass solution was sprayed through a nozzle of 2 mm diameter. The jet of liquid disintegrated into air during the flight through the air Droplets that gelled before impacting in a pool of water and solidified into transparent, mechanically stable spheres that aggregated into nanoparticle agglomerates. The nanoparticle agglomerates were washed with demineralized water until the effluent washing liquid had an electrical conductivity of about 150 ⁇ / ⁇ . Then the water contained in the nanoparticles was replaced by isopropanol.
- silica nanoparticle agglomerates were added 1 kg of the silica nanoparticle agglomerates in a container of 5 L volume, which was completely filled with isopropanol. Isopropanol was pumped through the container at 25 ° C. until the water content of the effluent isopropanol was less than 0.1% by volume. For this purpose, about 5 L of isopropanol were needed. The silica nanoparticle agglomerates were separated from the liquid phase by filtration.
- Silica nanoparticle agglomerates having an average agglomerate diameter of about 1 to 8 mm and an average diameter of the primary nanoparticles of about 1 to 20 nm, determined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, were obtained.
- the bulk density of the silica nanoparticle agglomerates was 750 g / L at 13% solids content (water content 87% by weight), which corresponds to an apparent bulk density of the pure solid of about 100 g / L.
- the carbon content of the silica nanoparticle agglomerates was less than 0.1% by weight.
- Example 3 Surface modification of the silica-nanoparticle agglomerates of Preparation Example 3: The surface modification was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the starting material used was 500 g of isopropanol-containing silicon dioxide nanoparticle agglomerates from Preparation Example 3.
- the amount of isopropanol added was 3 L.
- Surface-modified silica nanoparticle agglomerates of approximately the same dimensions as the unmodified silica nanoparticle agglomerates were obtained.
- the bulk density of the obtained agglomerates was about 110 g / L.
- the specific surface area of the agglomerates was about 300 to 400 m 2 / g.
- the carbon content of the agglomerates was about 6% by weight.
- the agglomerates were hydrophobic with a contact angle of 145 °.
- Comparative Example 1 (silica hollow spheres from preparation example 1 with isopropanol under subcritical conditions): 50 g of the silica hollow spheres from preparation example 1 were charged with 2 L isopropanol into a glass flask and the batch was heated at ambient pressure for 5 hours to reflux. The batch was cooled and the product removed. The product was dried for about 2 h at 70 ° C and 0.2 bar after. An evaluation of the TEM images of the product showed that a large part of the silica hollow spheres had been destroyed. The specific surface area of the product was 35 to 40 m 2 / g. The carbon content of the product was about 0.2% by weight. The resulting product was hydrophilic with a contact angle significantly less than 90 °.
- silica hollow spheres from preparation example 1 50 g of the silica hollow spheres from preparation example 1 were charged with 2 l of a mixture of isopropanol and n-hexane (volume ratio 1: 1) in a heatable pressure vessel made of stainless steel (RA4) with an inner screen basket and an internal volume of 20 L.
- the mixture was heated Reaction batch within 5 h at 270 ° C, wherein the pressure was limited to 50 bar. Thereafter, the reaction was relaxed isothermally within 90 min. The cooled product was taken off and dried for about 2 h at 70 ° C and 0.2 bar after.
- the average diameter of the hollow spheres was about 450 to 500 ⁇ .
- the specific surface area of the hollow spheres was about 60 to
- the carbon content of the hollow spheres was about 0.7 wt%.
- the resulting product was hydrophobic with a contact angle of about 130 to 140 °.
- the average diameter of the hollow spheres was about 450 to 500 ⁇ .
- the specific surface area of the hollow spheres was about 55 to
- Example 6 Surface modification of the silica hollow spheres of Preparation Example 1: 50 g of the silica hollow spheres of Preparation Example 1 were charged with 2 L of a mixture of ethanol with acetone (1: 1 by volume) in a heatable pressure vessel made of stainless steel (RA4) with internal Sieve basket and an internal volume of 20 L. The reaction mixture was heated within 5 h at 270 ° C, wherein the pressure was limited to 70 bar. Thereafter, the reaction was relaxed isothermally within 90 min. The cooled product was taken off and dried for about 2 h at 70 ° C and 0.2 bar after.
- RA4 stainless steel
- the average diameter of the hollow spheres was about 350 to 450 ⁇ .
- the specific surface area of the hollow spheres was about 35 to
- the carbon content of the hollow spheres was about 0.6 wt .-%.
- Example 8 Surface Modification of Titanium Dioxide Nanofibers from Preparation Example 2: 20 g of titanium dioxide nanofibers from Preparation Example 2 were charged with a 2 L mixture of ethanol with oxalic acid (94: 6 volume ratio) to a stainless steel (RA4) heatable pressure vessel with internal Sieve basket and an internal volume of 20 L. The reaction mixture was heated within 5 h at 270 ° C, wherein the pressure was limited to 70 bar. Thereafter, the reaction was relaxed isothermally within 90 min. The cooled product was taken off and dried for about 2 h at 70 ° C and 0.2 bar after. Surface-modified nanofibers with approximately the same dimensions as the unmodified nanofibres were obtained. The carbon content of the nanofibers after the surface modification was about 0.8 wt%.
- the bulk density of the obtained agglomerates was about 105 g / L.
- the specific surface area of the agglomerates was about 300 to 400 m 2 / g.
- the carbon content of the agglomerates was about 6% by weight.
- the resulting product was hydrophobic with a contact angle of about 135 °.
- the bulk density of the obtained agglomerates was about 110 g / L.
- the specific surface area of the agglomerates was about 300 to 400 m 2 / g.
- the carbon content of the agglomerates was about 7% by weight.
- the resulting product was hydrophobic with a contact angle of about 150 °.
- the bulk density of the obtained agglomerates was about 110 g / L.
- the specific surface area of the agglomerates was about 300 to 400 m 2 / g.
- the coal content of the agglomerates was about 1, 5 wt .-%.
- the resulting product was hydrophobic with a contact angle of about 120 to 130 °.
- silica nanoparticle agglomerates of approximately the same dimensions as the unmodified silica nanoparticle agglomerates were obtained.
- the bulk density of the resulting agglomerates was about 135 g / L.
- the specific surface area of the agglomerates was about 200 to 250 m 2 / g.
- the carbon content of the agglomerates was about 5% by weight.
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP14702288.3A EP2953715A2 (de) | 2013-02-05 | 2014-02-04 | Verfahren zur nachträglichen oberflächenmodifizierung feinstrukturierter gebilde |
RU2015137728A RU2015137728A (ru) | 2013-02-05 | 2014-02-04 | Способ дополнительной поверхностной модификации микроструктурированного образования |
CN201480017280.5A CN105073243A (zh) | 2013-02-05 | 2014-02-04 | 用于精细结构化结构的后续表面修饰的方法 |
JP2015556465A JP2016517378A (ja) | 2013-02-05 | 2014-02-04 | 微細構造化された構造体を事後的に表面変性する方法 |
CA2900145A CA2900145A1 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2014-02-04 | Method for the retroactive surface modification of fine-textured structures |
KR1020157024081A KR20150116884A (ko) | 2013-02-05 | 2014-02-04 | 세립질 구조물의 레트로액티브 표면 개질 방법 |
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WO2003034979A2 (en) | 2001-10-23 | 2003-05-01 | Sol-Gel Technologies Ltd. | Composition exhibiting enhanced formulation stability and delivery of topical active ingredients |
WO2010122049A1 (de) | 2009-04-21 | 2010-10-28 | Basf Se | Wasserbasierte herstellung von metalloxid- und metall-nanofasern |
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WO1995006617A1 (de) * | 1993-08-31 | 1995-03-09 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Hydrophobe kieselsäureaerogele |
DE19810565A1 (de) * | 1998-03-11 | 1999-09-16 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Trocknung und Herstellung von mikroporösen Teilchen |
WO2001052981A1 (de) * | 2000-01-17 | 2001-07-26 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur modifizierung der oberflächen von feinporösen adsorbentien |
JP5079450B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-26 | 2012-11-21 | グランデックス株式会社 | 分散性シリカナノ中空粒子及びシリカナノ中空粒子の分散液の製造方法 |
-
2014
- 2014-02-04 EP EP14702288.3A patent/EP2953715A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-02-04 WO PCT/EP2014/052124 patent/WO2014122116A2/de active Application Filing
- 2014-02-04 JP JP2015556465A patent/JP2016517378A/ja active Pending
- 2014-02-04 CA CA2900145A patent/CA2900145A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-02-04 CN CN201480017280.5A patent/CN105073243A/zh active Pending
- 2014-02-04 RU RU2015137728A patent/RU2015137728A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2014-02-04 KR KR1020157024081A patent/KR20150116884A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003034979A2 (en) | 2001-10-23 | 2003-05-01 | Sol-Gel Technologies Ltd. | Composition exhibiting enhanced formulation stability and delivery of topical active ingredients |
WO2010122049A1 (de) | 2009-04-21 | 2010-10-28 | Basf Se | Wasserbasierte herstellung von metalloxid- und metall-nanofasern |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
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C. DOMINGO ET AL., J. OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS, vol. 37, 2006, pages 72 - 86 |
C. ROY ET AL., J. OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS, vol. 54, 2010, pages 362 - 368 |
D. LI; Y. XIA, NANO LETT., vol. 3, 2003, pages 555 - 560 |
See also references of EP2953715A2 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2014122116A3 (de) | 2014-10-02 |
KR20150116884A (ko) | 2015-10-16 |
RU2015137728A (ru) | 2017-03-14 |
CA2900145A1 (en) | 2014-08-14 |
CN105073243A (zh) | 2015-11-18 |
JP2016517378A (ja) | 2016-06-16 |
EP2953715A2 (de) | 2015-12-16 |
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