WO2014111183A1 - Air spring - Google Patents

Air spring Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014111183A1
WO2014111183A1 PCT/EP2013/074584 EP2013074584W WO2014111183A1 WO 2014111183 A1 WO2014111183 A1 WO 2014111183A1 EP 2013074584 W EP2013074584 W EP 2013074584W WO 2014111183 A1 WO2014111183 A1 WO 2014111183A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bellows
receiving element
receiving
air spring
air
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/074584
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Florian FAISTAUER
Martin Leitner
Jörg RITSCHER
Martin ZITTMAYR
Original Assignee
Engineering Center Steyr Gmbh & Co Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE201310203726 external-priority patent/DE102013203726A1/en
Priority claimed from DE201310203725 external-priority patent/DE102013203725A1/en
Application filed by Engineering Center Steyr Gmbh & Co Kg filed Critical Engineering Center Steyr Gmbh & Co Kg
Priority to DE112013006469.3T priority Critical patent/DE112013006469A5/en
Publication of WO2014111183A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014111183A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
    • B60G11/26—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having fluid springs only, e.g. hydropneumatic springs
    • B60G11/27—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having fluid springs only, e.g. hydropneumatic springs wherein the fluid is a gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G15/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type
    • B60G15/08—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having fluid spring
    • B60G15/12—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having fluid spring and fluid damper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/06—Characteristics of dampers, e.g. mechanical dampers
    • B60G17/08—Characteristics of fluid dampers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B60G99/002—Suspension details of the suspension of the vehicle body on the vehicle chassis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B60G99/008—Other suspension arrangements with fluid springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D33/00—Superstructures for load-carrying vehicles
    • B62D33/06—Drivers' cabs
    • B62D33/0604—Cabs insulated against vibrations or noise, e.g. with elastic suspension
    • B62D33/0608—Cabs insulated against vibrations or noise, e.g. with elastic suspension pneumatic or hydraulic suspension
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/04—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall
    • F16F9/0418—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall having a particular shape, e.g. annular, spherical, tube-like
    • F16F9/0427—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall having a particular shape, e.g. annular, spherical, tube-like toroidal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/04—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall
    • F16F9/05—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall the flexible wall being of the rolling diaphragm type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/15—Fluid spring
    • B60G2202/152—Pneumatic spring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/16—Mounting of vehicle body on chassis
    • B60G2204/162—Cabins, e.g. for trucks, tractors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/45—Stops limiting travel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/40—Constructional features of dampers and/or springs
    • B60G2206/42—Springs
    • B60G2206/424—Plunger or top retainer construction for bellows or rolling lobe type air springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2500/00—Indexing codes relating to the regulated action or device
    • B60G2500/10—Damping action or damper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2800/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
    • B60G2800/01—Attitude or posture control
    • B60G2800/012—Rolling condition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2800/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
    • B60G2800/01—Attitude or posture control
    • B60G2800/014—Pitch; Nose dive

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an air spring of the type according to claim 1 and a corresponding cabin storage.
  • air springs In automotive engineering, the use of air springs is well known. These air springs work with an air-filled bellows, which is arranged between a first and a second receiving element. In the known air springs, it is not possible, in addition to the axial forces - in the direction of connection of the two receiving elements - to transmit radial forces. It is known to use air spring elements for axle suspension. The axle is guided by handlebars, experiences their mobility through these links, radial forces are dissipated via the handlebars. The air spring element is only loaded axially.
  • DE 30 17 733 C2 shows a rolling bellows for vehicle air suspension, in
  • An air spring with two Dämfungs admir shows the DE 10 2010 060 865 A1. Here leads a piston sliding in a cylinder.
  • a piston guide also describes DE 10 2009 039 841 A1.
  • DE 10 2005 060 581 A1 describes an air spring and damper unit for vehicles, which has at least two pressure chambers filled with compressed air as working spaces, at least one working space in each case at least partially by movable walls in the form of rolling or bellows, in which the working - spaces are interconnected via flow channels and the flow Channels have throttle valves.
  • EP 495 442 A1 describes a hydropneumatic suspension system for the resilient support of a mass, in particular a driver's cab of a truck with at least four hydraulic piston-cylinder units supporting the mass.
  • a hydropneumatic spring accumulator is provided.
  • DE 60 317 928 T2 relates to a damping and stiffness system in a vehicle suspension system for a vehicle, the vehicle having a vehicle body and a first pair and a second pair of diagonally spaced wheel assemblies.
  • DE 42 40 449 C2 discloses a tilting device for a cab of commercial vehicles, wherein the cab is supported on the vehicle frame, at least in front, via a spring element designed as a spring-damper strut.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose an air spring in relation to the known solutions of improved design.
  • the air spring improved cabin storage should be made possible with the air spring improved cabin storage.
  • the solution according to the invention consists of an air spring with a first and a second receiving element, wherein these receiving elements are movable in the axial direction and perpendicular thereto, with an arranged between the first and the second receiving element air-filled bellows, wherein the bellows between a receptacle of the first receiving element and a receiving body surrounding the bellows of the second receiving element is arranged.
  • the second receiving body is designed as a one-sided open body in the form of a pot, a cup, a bell.
  • the second receiving body receives the seated on the first receiving element bellows substantially completely.
  • the bellows can thus rolling between the receptacle of the first receiving element and the receiving body of the second receiving element in the axial direction work - by the surrounding receiving body and the seat on the first shot of the bellows can also absorb forces acting perpendicular to the axial direction, ie radially.
  • the opening of the body faces the first receiving element.
  • the receiving body sits on the bellows surrounding this on. The bellows thus centered the receiving body.
  • the bellows sits between a serving as a guide receptacle of the first receiving element and the inside of him up and surrounding body of the second receiving element.
  • the bellows rolls both on the guide and the inside of the body.
  • the bellows is guided by the surrounding receiving body in the manner of a pipe guide.
  • the air spring can transmit both axial and radial forces.
  • This receiving element may preferably be formed as a cylindrical body, as a stationary piston or a punch, on the outer circumference of the bellows sits and rolls on the outside of the bellows.
  • the upper receiving element is cup-shaped and slipped with its opening over the surrounding the piston bellows.
  • the bellows can be fixed to the inside of the surrounding pot by means of a ring.
  • the ring may in turn comprise an elastic damping element to intercept a contact with the piston elastic.
  • the bellows can also sit at the upper end of a punch or piston-shaped body of the first receiving element.
  • the second receiving element is cup-shaped and slipped over the bellows, takes this so completely on.
  • the radial force absorption results in this case by the rolling of the lower bellows area on the punch.
  • Another embodiment provides a first receiving element with a conically shaped bellows receiver.
  • the conical, conical receiving body surrounding the cone bellows can roll a piece on its outside according to its dimensions.
  • a conically shaped, bell-shaped receiving body of the upper receiving element is slipped.
  • the fixing of the bellows takes place via a thickening on its outer side, which sits in a corresponding circumferential groove on the inside of the receiving body.
  • the air spring according to the invention is preferably used for the storage and suspension of a driver's cab of a motor vehicle, a truck.
  • the cab does not need to be guided by additional links for receiving radially acting forces.
  • the lower, first receiving element is mounted on the chassis, the upper, second receiving element connected to the cabin.
  • the inventive application of the air spring proposes a cabin storage, consisting of a driver's cab, a chassis or other the driver's cab-carrying component of the motor vehicle, wherein the cabin is mounted on air springs relative to the chassis or the component, wherein the air springs are adapted to both absorb forces acting in the axial and radial directions.
  • the cabin is mounted on four connected to the chassis, the frame air springs.
  • the air springs preferably have hydraulic dampers.
  • the roll stiffness is achieved by coupling the hydraulic dampers on both sides.
  • the front and rear dampers can be connected together. This results in a pitch stiffness.
  • the use of throttles and bladder accumulators allows adjustment of damping and stiffness for roll and pitch movements.
  • FIG. 1a shows an external view of the air spring according to the invention. Shown is a cup-shaped receiving body AK having upper receiving element OA, which is placed over the bellows B, which is supported by a lower receiving element UA via a designed as a receptacle guide K.
  • Figure 1 b shows a section through the air spring of Figure 1 a - as indicated.
  • the lower receiving element UA has an upwardly projecting cylindrical piston K.
  • a tire-shaped bellows B is looped and fixed. This one is filled with air.
  • the cup-shaped receiving body AK of the upper receiving element OA is slipped over the bellows B.
  • a mounted inside the bellows B ring R fixes this on the inside of the receiving body AK.
  • the bellows B carrying the piston K has two extensions, which define with the ring R, the upper and lower positions of the spring element.
  • Figure 1 c is a perspective view of the air spring of Figure 1 a, 1 b again.
  • Figure 2a shows an embodiment with a pot-shaped or cylindrical shaped receiving body AK.
  • the tire-shaped bellows B is fixed with an edge on the upper side of a punch S of the lower receiving element UA.
  • the second edge of the bellows B is attached to the upper end, the bottom of the receiving body AK.
  • the interior of the bellows B thus formed is filled with air, so that the bellows B encompassed by the receiving body AK can roll off at the upper end region of the punch S. Recognizable thereby also radial forces are transmitted in addition to the axial forces (reduction of the air volume).
  • FIG. 2 c shows a perspective view of the one cylindrical receiving body having air spring according to Figure 2a, 2b again. In addition, a cut releases an interior view.
  • the air spring according to the figures 3a, 3 b, 3c has a conical receiving body AK.
  • the bellows B accommodated by the conical receiving body AK sits on a conical seat KO of the lower receiving element UA.
  • the two edges of the tire-shaped bellows B are fixed to the conical receptacle KO of the lower receiving element UA.
  • the bellows B thus rolls in the space formed by the receiving body AK and the lower receptacle UA.
  • the air spring is shown in the loaded state in the lowest position.
  • the lower edge of the upper receiving body AK abuts on the lower receiving element UA.
  • the air spring is assigned in this embodiment, a hydraulic damper HD, which is hinged to the upper and lower receiving element OA, UA.
  • FIG. 3c shows a perspective view of the air spring having a conical receiving body AK according to FIGS. 3a, 3b.
  • a cut releases an interior view.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show the cab storage according to the invention.
  • a driver's cab FK is mounted over four air springs LF opposite a chassis C, suspended. Other handlebars, stabilizers are not provided.
  • the air springs are designed as described above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an air spring for a motor vehicle, consisting of a first and a second receiving element (OA, UA), wherein said receiving elements (OA, UA) are movable in the axial direction and perpendicular thereto, and an air-filled bellows (B) arranged between the first and the second receiving elements (OA, UA), wherein the bellows (B) is arranged between a receptacle (K) of the first receiving element (UA) and a receiving body (AK) of the second receiving element (OA), which receiving body surrounds the bellows (B).

Description

Luftfeder  air spring
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Luftfeder der Art nach Anspruch 1 sowie eine entspre- chende Kabinenlagerung. The invention relates to an air spring of the type according to claim 1 and a corresponding cabin storage.
Im Kraftfahrzeugbau ist die Verwendung von Luftfedern allgemein bekannt. Diese Luftfedern arbeiten mit einem luftgefüllten Balg, der zwischen einem ersten und einem zweiten Aufnahmeelement angeordnet ist. Bei den bekannten Luftfedern ist es nicht möglich, neben den axialen Kräften - in Verbindungsrichtung der beiden Aufnahmeelemente - auch radiale Kräfte zu übertragen. Bekannt ist die Verwendung von Luftfederelementen zur Achsfederung. Die Achse wird über Lenker geführt, erfährt durch diese Lenker ihre Beweglichkeit, radiale Kräfte werden über die Lenker abgeführt. Das Luftfederelement wird nur noch axial belastet. In automotive engineering, the use of air springs is well known. These air springs work with an air-filled bellows, which is arranged between a first and a second receiving element. In the known air springs, it is not possible, in addition to the axial forces - in the direction of connection of the two receiving elements - to transmit radial forces. It is known to use air spring elements for axle suspension. The axle is guided by handlebars, experiences their mobility through these links, radial forces are dissipated via the handlebars. The air spring element is only loaded axially.
Eine Kabinenlagerung mit üblichen Federbeinen ist möglich und erlaubt den Wegfall der sonst nötigen Lenker, jedoch sind die Zylinderführungen der Federbeine verschleißanfällig. Die DE 30 17 733 C2 zeigt einen Rollbalg für Fahrzeug-Luftfederungen, der inA cabin storage with conventional struts is possible and allows the elimination of the otherwise necessary handlebar, but the cylinder guides the struts are susceptible to wear. DE 30 17 733 C2 shows a rolling bellows for vehicle air suspension, in
Form eines hohlzylindrischen Schlauchkörpers aus Gummi oder gummiähnlichem Kunststoff mit Verstärkungseinlagen hergestellt und mittels auf seine ohne Wulst ausgebildeten Endabschnitte aufgeschobener metallischer Spannringe an mit den gegeneinander abgefederten Fahrzeugteilen zusammenhängenden Stützelemen- ten befestigt ist. Form of a hollow cylindrical hose body made of rubber or rubber-like plastic manufactured with reinforcing inserts and fastened by means of its trained without bead end portions of the pushed metal clamping rings on connected with the mutually sprung vehicle parts Stützelemen- th.
Eine Luftfeder mit zwei Dämfungsräumen zeigt die DE 10 2010 060 865 A1 . Hier führt ein in einem Zylinder gleitender Kolben. Eine Kolbenführung beschreibt ebenfalls die DE 10 2009 039 841 A1 . An air spring with two Dämfungsräumen shows the DE 10 2010 060 865 A1. Here leads a piston sliding in a cylinder. A piston guide also describes DE 10 2009 039 841 A1.
Die DE 10 2005 060 581 A1 beschreibt eine Luftfeder- und Dämpfereinheit für Fahrzeuge, welche mindestens zwei mit Druckluft gefüllte Druckräume als Arbeitsräume aufweist, bei der mindestens ein Arbeitsraum jeweils mindestens teilweise durch bewegliche Wände in Form von Roll- oder Faltenbälgen, bei der die Arbeits- räume untereinander über Strömungskanäle verbunden sind und die Strömungs- kanäle Drosselventile aufweisen. DE 10 2005 060 581 A1 describes an air spring and damper unit for vehicles, which has at least two pressure chambers filled with compressed air as working spaces, at least one working space in each case at least partially by movable walls in the form of rolling or bellows, in which the working - spaces are interconnected via flow channels and the flow Channels have throttle valves.
Die EP 495 442 A1 beschreibt ein hydropneumatisches Federungssystem zur federnden Abstützung einer Masse, insbesondere einer Fahrerkabine eines Last- kraftwagens mit mindestens vier die Masse abstützenden, hydraulischen Kolbenzylindereinheiten. Ein hydropneumatischer Federspeicher ist vorgesehen. EP 495 442 A1 describes a hydropneumatic suspension system for the resilient support of a mass, in particular a driver's cab of a truck with at least four hydraulic piston-cylinder units supporting the mass. A hydropneumatic spring accumulator is provided.
Die DE 60 317 928 T2 betrifft ein Dämpfungs- und Steifigkeitssystem in einem Fahrzeugaufhängungssystem für ein Fahrzeug, wobei das Fahrzeug eine Fahr- zeugkarosserie und ein erstes Paar und ein zweites Paar diagonal beabstandete Radbaugruppen aufweist. DE 60 317 928 T2 relates to a damping and stiffness system in a vehicle suspension system for a vehicle, the vehicle having a vehicle body and a first pair and a second pair of diagonally spaced wheel assemblies.
Aus der DE 42 40 449 C2 geht eine Kippvorrichtung für ein Fahrerhaus von Nutzfahrzeugen hervor, wobei sich das Fahrerhaus zumindest vorn über ein als Feder- Dämpferbein ausgebildetes Federelement am Fahrzeugrahmen abstützt. DE 42 40 449 C2 discloses a tilting device for a cab of commercial vehicles, wherein the cab is supported on the vehicle frame, at least in front, via a spring element designed as a spring-damper strut.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, eine Luftfeder in gegenüber den bekannten Lösungen verbesserter Ausführung vorzuschlagen. Insbesondere soll mit der Luftfeder eine verbesserte Kabinenlagerung ermöglicht werden. The object of the present invention is to propose an air spring in relation to the known solutions of improved design. In particular, should be made possible with the air spring improved cabin storage.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Merkmale des Hauptanspruches. Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. This object is solved by the features of the main claim. Further developments emerge from the subclaims.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung besteht aus einer Luftfeder mit einem ersten und einem zweiten Aufnahmeelement, wobei diese Aufnahmeelemente in axialer Richtung sowie senkrecht dazu beweglich sind, mit einem zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Aufnahmeelement angeordneten luftgefüllten Balg, wobei der Balg zwischen einer Aufnahme des ersten Aufnahmeelements und einem den Balg umgebenden Aufnahmekörper des zweiten Aufnahmeelementes angeordnet ist. The solution according to the invention consists of an air spring with a first and a second receiving element, wherein these receiving elements are movable in the axial direction and perpendicular thereto, with an arranged between the first and the second receiving element air-filled bellows, wherein the bellows between a receptacle of the first receiving element and a receiving body surrounding the bellows of the second receiving element is arranged.
Der zweite Aufnahmekörper ist als ein einseitig offener Körper in Form eines Topfes, eines Bechers, einer Glocke gestaltet. Der zweite Aufnahmekörper nimmt den auf dem ersten Aufnahmeelement sitzenden Balg im Wesentlichen vollständig auf. Der Balg kann so zwischen der Aufnahme des ersten Aufnahmeelementes und dem Aufnahmekörper des zweiten Aufnahmeelementes in axialer Richtung rollend arbeiten - durch den ihn umgebenden Aufnahmekörper sowie dem Sitz auf der ersten Aufnahme kann der Balg auch Kräfte aufnehmen, die senkrecht zur axialen Richtung, also radial wirken. Die Öffnung des Körpers ist dem ersten Aufnahmeelement zugewandt. Der Aufnahmekörper sitzt den Balg umgebend auf diesem auf. Der Balg zentriert somit den Aufnahmekörper. The second receiving body is designed as a one-sided open body in the form of a pot, a cup, a bell. The second receiving body receives the seated on the first receiving element bellows substantially completely. The bellows can thus rolling between the receptacle of the first receiving element and the receiving body of the second receiving element in the axial direction work - by the surrounding receiving body and the seat on the first shot of the bellows can also absorb forces acting perpendicular to the axial direction, ie radially. The opening of the body faces the first receiving element. The receiving body sits on the bellows surrounding this on. The bellows thus centered the receiving body.
Der Balg sitzt zwischen einer als Führung dienenden Aufnahme des ersten Auf- nahmeelementes und der Innenseite des ihn auf- und umgebenden Körpers des zweiten Aufnahmeelementes. Der Balg rollt sowohl an der Führung sowie der Innenseite des Körpers. The bellows sits between a serving as a guide receptacle of the first receiving element and the inside of him up and surrounding body of the second receiving element. The bellows rolls both on the guide and the inside of the body.
Der Balg ist durch den ihn umgebenden Aufnahmekörper nach Art einer Rohrfüh- rung geführt. Dadurch kann die Luftfeder sowohl axiale als auch radiale Kräfte übertragen. The bellows is guided by the surrounding receiving body in the manner of a pipe guide. As a result, the air spring can transmit both axial and radial forces.
Der der als Reifen ausgebildete Balg ist mit seinen Ringen am ersten Aufnahmeelement fixiert und gedichtet. Dieses Aufnahmeelement kann bevorzugt als ein zylinderförmiger Körper, als stehender Kolben oder ein Stempel ausgebildet sein, auf dessen Außenumfang der Balg sitzt und an dessen Außenseite der Balg abrollt. The trained as a tire bellows is fixed with his rings on the first receiving element and sealed. This receiving element may preferably be formed as a cylindrical body, as a stationary piston or a punch, on the outer circumference of the bellows sits and rolls on the outside of the bellows.
Das obere Aufnahmeelement ist topfförmig ausgebildet und mit seiner Öffnung über den den Kolben umgebenden Balg gestülpt. Der Balg kann an der Innenseite des ihn umgebenden Topfes mittels eines Ringes fixiert sein. Der Ring kann seinerseits ein elastisches Dämpfungselement aufweisen, um einen Kontakt mit dem Kolben elastisch abzufangen. Durch den beschriebenen Aufbau, dadurch, dass das zweite Aufnahmeelement den Balg in seinem Arbeitsbereich vollständig bzw. im Wesentlichen vollständig umgibt, nimmt der Balg auch radiale Kräfte auf, überträgt diese. The upper receiving element is cup-shaped and slipped with its opening over the surrounding the piston bellows. The bellows can be fixed to the inside of the surrounding pot by means of a ring. The ring may in turn comprise an elastic damping element to intercept a contact with the piston elastic. As a result of the construction described, in that the second receiving element completely or substantially completely surrounds the bellows in its working area, the bellows absorbs radial forces and transmits them.
Bevorzugt kann der Balg auch an dem oberen Ende eines Stempel- bzw. kolbenförmigen Körpers des ersten Aufnahmeelementes sitzen. Das zweite Aufnahme- element ist topfförmig ausgebildet und über den Balg gestülpt, nimmt diesen so vollständig auf. Die radiale Kraftaufnahme ergibt sich in diesem Fall durch das Abrollen des unteren Balgbereiches am Stempel. Preferably, the bellows can also sit at the upper end of a punch or piston-shaped body of the first receiving element. The second receiving element is cup-shaped and slipped over the bellows, takes this so completely on. The radial force absorption results in this case by the rolling of the lower bellows area on the punch.
Eine weitere Ausführung sieht ein erstes Aufnahmeelement mit einer konisch ge- formten Balgaufnahme vor. Der den konischen, kegelförmigen Aufnahmekörper, den Konus umgebende Balg kann entsprechend seiner Dimensionierung ein Stück auf auf dessen Außenseite abrollen. Über den auf dem Konus sitzenden Balg ist ein konisch geformter, glockenförmiger Aufnahmekörper des oberen Aufnahmeelementes gestülpt. Die Fixierung des Balges erfolgt über eine Verdickung an sei- ner Außenseite, welche in einer entsprechenden umlaufenden Nut an der Innenseite des Aufnahmekörpers sitzt. Another embodiment provides a first receiving element with a conically shaped bellows receiver. The conical, conical receiving body surrounding the cone bellows can roll a piece on its outside according to its dimensions. About the seated on the cone bellows, a conically shaped, bell-shaped receiving body of the upper receiving element is slipped. The fixing of the bellows takes place via a thickening on its outer side, which sits in a corresponding circumferential groove on the inside of the receiving body.
Die erfindungsgemäße Luftfeder wird bevorzugt zur Lagerung und Federung einer Fahrerkabine eines Kraftfahrzeuges, eines Lastkraftwagens verwendet. Die Kabi- ne muss nicht durch zusätzliche Lenker zur Aufnahme von in radialer Richtung wirkenden Kräften geführt sein. Das untere, erste Aufnahmeelement ist dabei am Chassis angebracht, das obere, zweite Aufnahmeelement mit der Kabine verbunden. Die erfindungsgemäße Anwendung der Luftfeder schlägt eine Kabinenlagerung vor, bestehend aus einer Fahrerkabine, einem Chassis oder einem sonstigen die Fahrerkabine tragenden Bauteil des Kraftfahrzeuges, wobei die Kabine über Luftfedern gegenüber dem Chassis bzw. dem Bauteil gelagert ist, wobei die Luftfedern dazu ausgebildet sind, sowohl in axialer als auch radialer Richtung wirkende Kräfte aufzunehmen. The air spring according to the invention is preferably used for the storage and suspension of a driver's cab of a motor vehicle, a truck. The cab does not need to be guided by additional links for receiving radially acting forces. The lower, first receiving element is mounted on the chassis, the upper, second receiving element connected to the cabin. The inventive application of the air spring proposes a cabin storage, consisting of a driver's cab, a chassis or other the driver's cab-carrying component of the motor vehicle, wherein the cabin is mounted on air springs relative to the chassis or the component, wherein the air springs are adapted to both absorb forces acting in the axial and radial directions.
Bevorzugt ist die Kabine über vier mit dem Chassis, dem Rahmen verbundene Luftfedern gelagert. Bevorzugt weisen die Luftfedern hydraulische Dämpfer auf. Die Wanksteifigkeit wird dadurch erreicht, indem die hydraulischen Dämpfer beider Seiten gekoppelt werden. Zusätzlich können auch die vorderen und die hinteren Dämpfer miteinander verbunden werden. Dies ergibt eine Nicksteif igkeit. Die Verwendung von Drosseln und Blasenspeicher ermöglicht die Einstellbarkeit von Dämpfung und Steifig- keit für Wank- und Nickbewegungen. Ausführungsbeispiele: Preferably, the cabin is mounted on four connected to the chassis, the frame air springs. The air springs preferably have hydraulic dampers. The roll stiffness is achieved by coupling the hydraulic dampers on both sides. In addition, the front and rear dampers can be connected together. This results in a pitch stiffness. The use of throttles and bladder accumulators allows adjustment of damping and stiffness for roll and pitch movements. EXAMPLES
Die Figur 1 a zeigt eine Außenansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Luftfeder. Dargestellt ist das einen becherförmigen Aufnahmekörper AK aufweisende obere Aufnahmeelement OA, welches über den Balg B gestülpt ist, der von einem unteren Aufnahmeelement UA über eine als Aufnahme gestaltete Führung K getragen ist. FIG. 1a shows an external view of the air spring according to the invention. Shown is a cup-shaped receiving body AK having upper receiving element OA, which is placed over the bellows B, which is supported by a lower receiving element UA via a designed as a receptacle guide K.
Figur 1 b zeigt einen Schnitt durch die Luftfeder gemäß Figur 1 a - wie angegeben. Das untere Aufnahmeelement UA weist einen nach oben ragenden zylinderförmigen Kolben K auf. Um den Außenumfang des Kolbens K ist ein reifenförmig ge- stalteter Balg B geschlungen und fixiert. Dieser ist mit Luft gefüllt. Der becherförmige Aufnahmekörper AK des oberen Aufnahmeelementes OA ist über den Balg B gestülpt. Ein im Inneren des Balges B angebrachter Ring R fixiert diesen an der Innenseite des Aufnahmekörpers AK. Der den Balg B tragende Kolben K weist zwei Erweiterungen auf, welche mit dem Ring R die obere und die untere Position des Federelementes definieren. Figure 1 b shows a section through the air spring of Figure 1 a - as indicated. The lower receiving element UA has an upwardly projecting cylindrical piston K. Around the outer periphery of the piston K, a tire-shaped bellows B is looped and fixed. This one is filled with air. The cup-shaped receiving body AK of the upper receiving element OA is slipped over the bellows B. A mounted inside the bellows B ring R fixes this on the inside of the receiving body AK. The bellows B carrying the piston K has two extensions, which define with the ring R, the upper and lower positions of the spring element.
Figur 1 c gibt eine perspektivische Ansicht der Luftfeder gemäß Figur 1 a, 1 b wieder. Zusätzlich gibt ein Schnitt eine Innenansicht frei. Figur 2a zeigt eine Ausführung mit einem topf- bzw. zylinderförmig gestalteten Aufnahmekörper AK. Im Schnitt gemäß 2b ist wiedergegeben, dass der reifenförmige Balg B mit einem Rand an der Oberseite eines Stempels S des unteren Aufnahmeelementes UA fixiert ist. Der zweite Rand des Balges B ist am oberen Ende, dem Boden des Aufnahmekörpers AK angebracht. Der so gebildete Innenraum des Balges B ist mit Luft gefüllt, so dass der vom Aufnahmekörper AK umfasste Balg B am oberen Endbereich des Stempels S abrollen kann. Erkennbar werden dadurch neben den axialen Kräften (Verkleinerung des Luftvolumens) auch radiale Kräfte übertragen. Figure 1 c is a perspective view of the air spring of Figure 1 a, 1 b again. In addition, a cut releases an interior view. Figure 2a shows an embodiment with a pot-shaped or cylindrical shaped receiving body AK. In the section according to FIG. 2b, it is shown that the tire-shaped bellows B is fixed with an edge on the upper side of a punch S of the lower receiving element UA. The second edge of the bellows B is attached to the upper end, the bottom of the receiving body AK. The interior of the bellows B thus formed is filled with air, so that the bellows B encompassed by the receiving body AK can roll off at the upper end region of the punch S. Recognizable thereby also radial forces are transmitted in addition to the axial forces (reduction of the air volume).
Figur 2c gibt eine perspektivische Ansicht der einen zylinderförmigen Aufnahme- körper aufweisenden Luftfeder gemäß Figur 2a, 2b wieder. Zusätzlich gibt ein Schnitt eine Innenansicht frei. FIG. 2 c shows a perspective view of the one cylindrical receiving body having air spring according to Figure 2a, 2b again. In addition, a cut releases an interior view.
Die Luftfeder nach den Figuren 3a, 3 b, 3c weist einen konischen Aufnahmekörper AK auf. Der von dem konischen Aufnahmekörper AK aufgenommene Balg B sitzt auf einer konischen Aufnahme KO des unteren Aufnahmeelements UA. Die beiden Ränder des reifenförmigen Balges B sind an der konischen Aufnahme KO des unteren Aufnahmeelementes UA fixiert. Der Balg B rollt somit in dem durch den Aufnahmekörper AK und die untere Aufnahme UA gebildeten Zwischenraum. In den Figuren 3a - 3c ist die Luftfeder im belasteten Zustand in der untersten Position wiedergegeben. Der untere Rand des oberen Aufnahmekörpers AK liegt am unteren Aufnahmeelement UA an. Zusätzlich ist der Luftfeder in dieser Ausführung auch ein hydraulischer Dämpfer HD zugeordnet, der an dem oberen und dem unteren Aufnahmeelement OA, UA angelenkt ist. The air spring according to the figures 3a, 3 b, 3c has a conical receiving body AK. The bellows B accommodated by the conical receiving body AK sits on a conical seat KO of the lower receiving element UA. The two edges of the tire-shaped bellows B are fixed to the conical receptacle KO of the lower receiving element UA. The bellows B thus rolls in the space formed by the receiving body AK and the lower receptacle UA. In the figures 3a - 3c, the air spring is shown in the loaded state in the lowest position. The lower edge of the upper receiving body AK abuts on the lower receiving element UA. In addition, the air spring is assigned in this embodiment, a hydraulic damper HD, which is hinged to the upper and lower receiving element OA, UA.
Figur 3c gibt eine perspektivische Ansicht der einen konischen Aufnahmekörper AK aufweisenden Luftfeder gemäß Figur 3a, 3b wieder. Zusätzlich gibt ein Schnitt eine Innenansicht frei. Des Weiteren wird ein erfindungsgemäßes Anwendungsbeispiel der Erfindung beschrieben. Die Figuren 4 und 5 zeigen hierbei die erfindungsgemäße Kabinenlagerung. FIG. 3c shows a perspective view of the air spring having a conical receiving body AK according to FIGS. 3a, 3b. In addition, a cut releases an interior view. Furthermore, an inventive application example of the invention will be described. FIGS. 4 and 5 show the cab storage according to the invention.
Eine Fahrerkabine FK ist über vier Luftfedern LF gegenüber einem Chassis C ge- lagert, aufgehängt. Weitere Lenker, Stabilisatoren sind nicht vorgesehen. Die Luftfedern sind wie zuvor beschrieben ausgebildet. A driver's cab FK is mounted over four air springs LF opposite a chassis C, suspended. Other handlebars, stabilizers are not provided. The air springs are designed as described above.
Bezugszeichenliste LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
OA oberes Aufnahmeelement, zweites AufnahmeelementOA upper receiving element, second receiving element
AK Aufnahmekörper AK receiving body
UA unteres Aufnahmeelement, erstes Aufnahmeelement UA lower receiving element, first receiving element
K Kolben K piston
S Stempel  S stamp
KO Konus, Kegel, konische Aufnahme KO cone, cone, conical shot
B Balg  B bellows
R Ring  R ring
HD hydraulischer Dämpfer  HD hydraulic damper
FK Fahrerkabine  FK driver's cab
C Chassis, Rahmen C chassis, frame
LF Luftfeder  LF air spring

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1 . Luftfeder für ein Kraftfahrzeug, bestehend aus einem ersten und einem zweiten Aufnahmeelement (OA, UA), wobei diese Aufnahmeelemente (OA, UA) in axialer Richtung sowie senkrecht dazu beweglich sind, mit einem zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Aufnahmeelement (OA, UA) angeordneten luftgefüllten Balg (B), wobei der Balg (B) zwischen einer Aufnahme (K) des ersten Aufnahmeelements (UA) und einem den Balg (B) umgebenden Aufnahmekörper (AK) des zweiten Aufnahmeelementes (OA) angeordnet ist. 1 . Air spring for a motor vehicle, comprising a first and a second receiving element (OA, UA), wherein these receiving elements (OA, UA) are movable in the axial direction and perpendicular thereto, with a between the first and the second receiving element (OA, UA) arranged air-filled bellows (B), wherein the bellows (B) between a receptacle (K) of the first receiving element (UA) and a bellows (B) surrounding the receiving body (AK) of the second receiving element (OA) is arranged.
2. Luftfeder nach Anspruch 1 , 2. Air spring according to claim 1,
wobei der Balg (B) auf einem kolben-, stempeiförmigen Führungselement (K) des einen Aufnahmeelementes (UA) aufgesetzt ist und durch ein ihn umgebenden rohrförmigen Körper (AK) des weiteren Aufnahmeelementes (OA) außenseitig geführt ist. wherein the bellows (B) is mounted on a piston, stempeiförmigen guide element (K) of a receiving element (UA) and by a surrounding tubular body (AK) of the further receiving element (OA) is guided on the outside.
3. Luftfeder nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 3. Air spring according to claim 1 or 2,
der Aufnahmekörper (AK), der den Balg (B) umgebende Körper ist topf-, becher- bzw. zylinderförmig gestaltet. the receiving body (AK), the body surrounding the bellows (B) is designed pot-, cup- or cylindrical.
4. Luftfeder nach Anspruch 1 , 4. Air spring according to claim 1,
der Aufnahmekörper (AK), der den Balg (B) umgebende Körper ist glockenförmig, konisch, kegelförmig gestaltet, die Erweiterung nach unten, in Richtung des weiteren Aufnahmeelementes (UA) gewandt, wobei der den Balg (B) tragende Körper (KO) der Form des Aufnahmekörpers (AK) im Wesentlichen entspricht. the receiving body (AK), the body surrounding the bellows (B) is bell - shaped, conical, cone - shaped, the extension facing downwards, in the direction of the further receiving element (UA), wherein the body (KO) carrying the bellows (B) Form of the receiving body (AK) substantially corresponds.
5. Luftfeder nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 5. Air spring according to claim 1 or 2,
der Balg (B) sitzt auf einem zylinderförmigen Kolben (K), diesen umgebend und an seiner Außenseite abrollend. the bellows (B) sitting on a cylindrical piston (K), surrounding this and rolling on its outside.
6. Luftfeder nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 6. Air spring according to claim 1 or 2,
der Balg (B) sitzt auf einem zylinderförmigen, nach Art eines Stempels ausgebilde- ten Körper (S), an dessen oberen Ende und an seiner Außenseite abrollend. the bellows (B) sits on a cylindrical, designed in the manner of a stamp th body (S), at its upper end and on its outside rolling.
7. Kabinenlagerung eines Kraftfahrzeuges, bestehend aus einer Fahrerkabine (FK), einem Chassis (C) oder einem sonstigen die Fahrerkabine tragenden Bauteil des Kraftfahrzeuges, wobei die Kabine (FK) über Luftfedern (LF) gegenüber dem Chassis (C) bzw. dem Bauteil gelagert ist, wobei die Luftfedern (LF) dazu ausge- bildet sind, sowohl in axialer als auch radialer Richtung wirkende Kräfte aufzunehmen und wie diese in den Ansprüchen 1 - 6 angegeben sind. 7. Cabin storage of a motor vehicle, consisting of a driver's cab (FK), a chassis (C) or another the driver's cab-carrying component of the motor vehicle, wherein the cabin (FK) via air springs (LF) relative to the chassis (C) or the component is stored, wherein the air springs (LF) are adapted to receive both acting in the axial and radial directions forces and as indicated in the claims 1-6.
8. Kabinenlagerung nach Anspruch 7, 8. Cabin mounting according to claim 7,
wobei die Kabine (FK) ausschließlich über Luftfedern (LF) gegenüber dem Chassis (C) bzw. dem Bauteil gelagert ist. wherein the cabin (FK) is mounted exclusively via air springs (LF) relative to the chassis (C) or the component.
9. Kabinenlagerung nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, 9. Cabin mounting according to claim 7 or 8,
wobei wenigstens eine der Luftfedern (LF) einen hydraulischen Dämpfer (HD) aufweist. wherein at least one of the air springs (LF) comprises a hydraulic damper (HD).
10. Kabinenlagerung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 7 -9, die Luftfedern (LF) weisen hydraulische Dämpfer (HD) auf, die hydraulisch miteinander gekoppelt sind. 10. Cab support according to one of the preceding claims 7 -9, the air springs (LF) have hydraulic dampers (HD), which are hydraulically coupled together.
1 1. Kabinenlagerung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 7 - 10, die Luftfedern (LF) weisen hydraulische Dämpfer (HD) auf, deren Verhalten, deren Wirkung über zugeordnete Drosseln und Blasenspeicher einstellbar ist. 1 1. Cabin mounting according to one of the preceding claims 7 - 10, the air springs (LF) have hydraulic dampers (HD), whose behavior, the effect of which is adjustable via associated throttles and bladder accumulator.
PCT/EP2013/074584 2013-01-21 2013-11-25 Air spring WO2014111183A1 (en)

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DE102013000842.5 2013-01-21
DE102013000843.3 2013-01-21
DE102013000843 2013-01-21
DE102013000842 2013-01-21
DE102013203725.2 2013-03-05
DE201310203726 DE102013203726A1 (en) 2013-01-21 2013-03-05 Cabin suspension for motor vehicle, has driver cabin mounted with respect to chassis or component through pneumatic springs, where pneumatic springs are formed to absorb forces acting in both axial and radial direction
DE102013203726.0 2013-03-05
DE201310203725 DE102013203725A1 (en) 2013-01-21 2013-03-05 Pneumatic spring for e.g. motor car, has air-filled bladder that is mounted on piston, stamper-shaped guide element of lower receiving element and is adapted to surround tubular portion of upper receiving element at outer-side

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CN113013010A (en) * 2019-12-20 2021-06-22 中微半导体设备(上海)股份有限公司 Corrugated pipe structure, method for adjusting verticality and plasma processing device thereof

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CN113013010A (en) * 2019-12-20 2021-06-22 中微半导体设备(上海)股份有限公司 Corrugated pipe structure, method for adjusting verticality and plasma processing device thereof
CN113013010B (en) * 2019-12-20 2023-09-29 中微半导体设备(上海)股份有限公司 Corrugated pipe structure, method for adjusting verticality and plasma processing device thereof

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