WO2014108140A1 - Fil adhésif fusible, préforme, élément composite en fibres et procédé de fabrication d'une préforme - Google Patents

Fil adhésif fusible, préforme, élément composite en fibres et procédé de fabrication d'une préforme Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014108140A1
WO2014108140A1 PCT/EP2013/000062 EP2013000062W WO2014108140A1 WO 2014108140 A1 WO2014108140 A1 WO 2014108140A1 EP 2013000062 W EP2013000062 W EP 2013000062W WO 2014108140 A1 WO2014108140 A1 WO 2014108140A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
melt adhesive
hot melt
glass
preform
thread
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/000062
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Reinhold Laumeier
Michael Marré
Original Assignee
Heinrich Kuper Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heinrich Kuper Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Heinrich Kuper Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority to PCT/EP2013/000062 priority Critical patent/WO2014108140A1/fr
Publication of WO2014108140A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014108140A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00—Making preforms
    • B29B11/14—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
    • B29B11/16—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition comprising fillers or reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
    • B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
    • B29B15/14—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length of filaments or wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/0081—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation before shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2309/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2303/00 - B29K2307/00, as reinforcement
    • B29K2309/08—Glass

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hot melt filament, a preform, a fiber composite component and a method for producing a preform.
  • Fiber composite materials and the resulting fiber composite components are due to their high stability with low weight important components for different applications, such as in automotive, aircraft or model making.
  • Fiber composite components are usually produced by layering prefabricated mats, knitted fabrics, braids or the like provided with an adhesive from fiber materials and compressing them under pressure, wherein a dense, stable, three-dimensional fiber composite component is produced after curing of the adhesive. This method is very complicated and also offers little design freedom in the design of fiber composite components.
  • the fiber composite components show local Quality differences, in that the applied adhesive often does not penetrate completely homogeneously into the fiber structure and wets it.
  • the objects are achieved by a hot melt filament according to claim 1, a preform according to claim 6, a fiber composite component according to claim 11 and a method for producing a preform according to claim 12.
  • a hot-melt adhesive thread in the sense of the invention comprises at least a first glass filament and at least one hotmelt adhesive.
  • the first glass filament can be a single glass filament, in other words a single glass fiber, or else a multifilament, ie arrangement of a plurality of glass filaments.
  • the glass filaments in such a multifilament do not necessarily have to be connected to one another, for example entangled, twisted or intertwined, but can also be more or less parallel next to each other.
  • the hotmelt adhesive is applied directly to the first glass filament, that is to say the individual glass filament or else to the multifilament, the hotmelt adhesive partially or completely surrounding the first glass filament on the circumference.
  • a plurality of first glass filaments provided with hot-melt adhesive can also be combined with one another, ie for example arranged more or less parallel next to one another, twisted together, intertwined or entangled.
  • the hot melt adhesive thread can be fed without the addition of further components to produce a preform.
  • a separate application of an adhesive is not necessary, which significantly simplifies the production of the preform.
  • the hotmelt adhesive at least partially encases the first glass filament, when one or more of these hotmelt adhesives are arranged, for example in the manufacture of a preform, it is also distributed between the individual first glass filaments or parts thereof, resulting in bonding of hotmelt adhesive threads or parts thereof to a stable one , dense and uniform preform or fiber composite component of high stability and quality greatly simplified. Especially when producing a preform can thus be dispensed with the separate, complex and technically demanding adding an adhesive.
  • the hot-melt adhesive according to the invention is not limited in detail and can be activated, for example, by thermal energy or light energy, ie it develops adhesive properties when exposed to energy, which permit a stable bonding or gluing together of melt-bonded threads.
  • a complete covering of the first glass filament with hot melt adhesive is particularly preferred, since thus a very large and in any case sufficient amount of hot melt adhesive is present in order to connect the hot melt adhesive threads evenly and permanently stable together.
  • the hot-melt adhesive thread according to the invention can also be rolled up onto a roll, ie wound, as a result of which a thread roll is obtained which stores very well and simply and can be fed to further processing.
  • the hot melt filament is characterized by a plurality of first glass filaments.
  • the first glass filament thus exists in the form of a multifilament, these multifilaments being partially or completely surrounded by a multiplicity of first glass filaments with the hotmelt adhesive at their periphery.
  • the glass filaments can be the same, or differ chemically or in their dimensions. As a glass filament is due to its good resistance in particular an E-glass used.
  • the first glass filament has at least a titer of 2.5 tex, preferably from about 5 tex to 7 tex.
  • the first glass filament is thus relatively thin and yet sufficiently stable, so that the proportion of hot melt adhesive based on the hot melt thread is very high, whereby a very stable connection of hot melt adhesive threads can be achieved.
  • hot-melt adhesive threads with a maximum titer of 7 tex are still processed sufficiently elastically to be non-destructive, for example rolled up or introduced into a mold.
  • thermoplastic resin preferably a polyester resin and particularly preferred and a crystalline polyester is preferably a copolyester.
  • Thermoplastic resins are particularly easy to process because, for example, they can be applied to the first glass filament in a heated state, adhere to the glass filament due to their high temperature increased adhesion, but exhibit no adhesive behavior after cooling, except for the glass filament, so that the hot melt filament like ordinary, uncoated glass threads, can be rolled up without sticking pieces of it together.
  • Polyester resins and in particular a crystalline polyester, preferably a copolyester are particularly well suited because they have an excellent adhesion to glass filaments and therefore lead to a particularly stable glass fiber composite.
  • a further embodiment of the hot melt adhesive thread according to the invention provides that a proportion of hot melt adhesive in wt .-% is higher than a proportion of the first glass filament in wt .-%, wherein a weight ratio of hot melt adhesive to first glass filament preferably 2: 1 to 4: 1 and more preferably 2.5: 1 to 3: 1. If the proportion of hot melt adhesive in wt .-% higher than the proportion of the first glass filament, it is ensured that a sufficient amount of hot melt adhesive is present to permanently bind the hot melt adhesive threads, for example, when processed into a preform or a fiber composite component permanently stable. This is all the more the case when a weight ratio of hot melt adhesive to first glass filament is 2: 1 to 4: 1.
  • a preform which comprises a comminuted to first pieces of thread as described above Schmelzklebefaden, wherein the first pieces of thread in particular have a length of 0.5 cm to 5 cm, preferably from 1 cm to 2.5 cm.
  • a preform according to the invention is an arbitrarily shaped, for example, also very fine structure, which is fixed by the hot melt adhesive in its form. It is characterized by a good, especially mechanical stability and simple and therefore cost-effective manufacturing.
  • the hot-melt adhesive thread according to the invention which may also comprise different hot-melt adhesive threads as defined above, in the form of first thread pieces with a length of 0.5 cm to 5 cm, preferably from 1 cm to 2.5 cm.
  • a suitable length of the thread pieces for imaging fine structures is at most 5 cm and preferably at most 2.5 cm.
  • the pieces of thread can be processed less well to a stable three-dimensional structure, since the glass filaments thus make only a very small contribution to the stabilization of the fiber structure.
  • the preform according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises second glass filaments which, in the state in which they are supplied, have no hotmelt adhesive.
  • the second glass filaments which are neither limited in their chemical composition nor their dimensions, in particular the mechanical properties, and in particular the stability, hardness and elasticity of the preform, can be modulated according to the requirement profile.
  • a part of the hotmelt adhesive is transferred to the second glass filaments, which also permanently fixes the second glass filaments in the preform.
  • the amount of hot melt adhesive applied to the hot-melt adhesive thread according to the invention is sufficient to bind the second glass filaments as well.
  • the addition of other adhesives can be omitted, which simplifies the process for producing the preform and reduces the cost of the preform.
  • the preform is characterized in that the second glass filaments are the same or thicker than the first glass filament.
  • the mechanical stability and in particular the hardness of the preform is increased.
  • voids may be formed between the glass filaments, which are advantageous for further processing into a fiber composite member with the addition of another resin, which then penetrate into these voids and additionally stabilize the structure can. If the second glass filaments have a higher titer than the first glass filament, the o.g. Properties realized particularly well.
  • a further embodiment provides that a length of the second glass filaments is greater than a length of the first glass filament and / or that the second Glass filaments have a length of 1, 5 cm to 10 cm, preferably from 4.5 cm to 6.5 cm. If the length of the second glass filaments is greater than the length of the first glass filaments and / or if they are in the above-mentioned range, a stable fiber composite is conveyed, the glass filaments intermesh well, which already causes good prefixing of the glass filaments in the preform.
  • 3 wt .-% or even 2 wt. % of hotmelt threads are sufficient to enter adhesive properties and thus stability in the preform.
  • the higher the proportion of hot melt adhesive thread the more hot melt adhesive is available for fixing the second glass filaments.
  • a proportion of 10% by weight, or in most cases only 5% by weight of hot melt adhesive to 90% by weight and 95% by weight of the second glass filament, is sufficient to add all the added second glass filaments to a stable preform connect and keep the cost of the preform as low as possible.
  • a preform sheet which comprises an arrangement of several, at least partially superimposed layers, in particular fiber structures, such as fiber fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, mats and the like, wherein between each adjacent layers of a hot melt adhesive thread according to the invention, preferably a chaff of such a Schmelzklebefadens is introduced, which is provided after activation of the hot melt adhesive to permanently connect the arranged layers together. It is also possible for at least one preform according to the invention to be introduced between the layers.
  • a fiber composite component which is characterized by a very good stability and homogeneous structure and beyond uncomplicated and inexpensive to produce.
  • the fiber composite component consists of a preform, as described above.
  • the hot-melt adhesive By activating the hot-melt adhesive, the hot-melt adhesive threads and possibly the added second glass filaments are permanently fixed.
  • the fiber composite component can also be several, for example, one above the other arranged according to the invention
  • Preforms comprise and / or contain other fiber structures, such as fiber fabrics, knitted fabrics, knits, fabrics, mats and the like.
  • the fiber composite component is thus formed before activation of the hotmelt adhesive of the hot melt adhesive Vorformling- sheet, which is formed for example of one or more at least partially superimposed conventional fiber structures and at least one arrangement of Schmelzklebefadens invention between at least parts of each superimposed conventional fiber structures.
  • the hot-melt adhesive on the hot-melt adhesive thread and possibly by pressing the layers arranged one above the other, a stable fiber composite is achieved both within the individual layers and between the layers. It is particularly advantageous if the respective uppermost and lowermost layer is a conventional fiber structure, since thus the mechanical stability of the fiber composite component can be maximized.
  • reaction resins have proven to be particularly advantageous because they form a particularly stable and intimate connection with the glass filaments because of their high affinity for glass and thus a fiber composite component of outstanding quality and stability is obtained.
  • Reaction resins in the context of the invention are understood in particular to be thermosetting resins.
  • a hot melt adhesive thread comprising at least a first glass filament and at least one hotmelt adhesive, wherein the hotmelt adhesive is applied directly to the first glass filament and partially or completely surrounds the first glass filament at the periphery, - comminution of the hot melt adhesive thread into first pieces of thread,
  • the hot melt adhesive can be applied directly to the first glass filament in a suitable form, for example by passing the first glass filament through a hot melt adhesive bath, spraying, rolling or dripping the hotmelt adhesive.
  • To bring into shape includes both the production of any arrangement of comminuted in first pieces of thread with a predetermined length melt adhesive thread, as well as the introduction into a suitable shape to form a three-dimensional structure of hot melt adhesive thread.
  • energy for example thermal energy or light energy
  • the method further comprises the step of adding second comminuted glass filaments which have no hot melt adhesive.
  • the second glass filaments are not limited in detail and can differ in their chemical composition and their physical and mechanical properties with each other and from the first glass filament, and serve to modulate the stability of the preform, including its strength, hardness and elasticity.
  • the second glass filaments can be mixed, for example, with the first pieces of thread and together with them in Form are brought or the first pieces of thread and the second glass filaments are brought successively in any order in the form or respective parts of the first thread pieces and the second glass filaments are brought into alternation in shape.
  • the second glass filaments can also be mixed with the hot melt filament and crushed together with it and brought into shape.
  • the first glass filament has a titre of at least 2.5 tex, preferably from about 5 tex to 7 tex, and / or if a proportion of hot melt adhesive in the hot melt filament in wt .-% is higher than a proportion of the first glass filament in% by weight, wherein in the hot-melt adhesive thread a weight ratio of hot melt adhesive to first glass filament is preferably 2: 1 to 4: 1 and more preferably 2.5: 1 to 3: 1, and / or if the first pieces of thread in particular have a length of 0.5 cm to 5 cm, preferably 1 cm to 2.5 cm and / or if the second glass filaments are thicker than the first glass filament, and if a length of the second glass filaments is greater than a length of the first Glass filaments and / or if the second glass filaments have a length of 1, 5 cm to 10 cm, preferably from 4.5 cm to 6.5 cm, and / or if a weight ratio in wt .-%
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the hot melt adhesive thread according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the hot melt adhesive thread according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the hot melt adhesive thread according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of the hot-melt adhesive thread according to the invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic sectional view of an apparatus for producing a preform
  • Figure 6 is a schematic representation of a preform sheet, wherein like reference numerals represent like components.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the hot-melt adhesive thread 10 according to the invention comprising a first glass filament 1 in the form of a single glass fiber and a hotmelt adhesive 2, wherein the hotmelt adhesive 2 is applied directly to the first glass filament 1 and surrounds it completely on the circumference.
  • the hot melt thread 10 has good stability and yet sufficient elasticity to be wound on a roll.
  • the hot-melt adhesive thread 10 is very well suited for producing stable homogeneous preforms and fiber composite components of any structure.
  • FIG 2 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the hot melt adhesive 10 according to the invention, which is formed as shown in Figure 1, with the difference that the hot melt adhesive 2, the glass filament 1 partially surrounds the circumference. Nevertheless, the advantages described above are achieved and also saves material costs for the hot melt adhesive.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a third embodiment of the hot melt adhesive thread 10 according to the invention.
  • the first glass filament 1 is in the form of a multifilament, which by way of example comprises four individual glass fibers 3.
  • the individual glass fibers 3 are arranged predominantly in parallel in this exemplary case, but may also be wound, entangled, intertwined or otherwise connected to one another. Because the four glass fibers 3 are in contact with each other, the hotmelt adhesive 2 surrounds the four glass filaments 3, that is to say the first glass filament 1 designed as a multifilament, only partially on the circumference. Furthermore, cavities 4 are formed between the glass fibers 3, which are not filled with hot melt adhesive 2.
  • a first designed as a multifilament Glass filaments 1 the stability of the hot melt adhesive thread 10 is increased, whereby particularly stable preforms can be formed in any structure.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of the hot melt adhesive thread 10 according to the invention.
  • This comprises four glass filaments 1 which are formed as individual fibers and are each completely surrounded by a hotmelt adhesive 2 at their periphery.
  • the jacketed first glass filaments 1 are here for example predominantly arranged in parallel, but may also be wound, entangled, intertwined or otherwise connected to one another.
  • a cavity 4 has formed in the center thereof, which, however, after activation of the hotmelt adhesive, for example when producing a preform, close out of the hotmelt thread 10 and thus a homogeneous and stable structure can be produced.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of the hot melt adhesive thread 10 according to the invention.
  • This comprises four glass filaments 1 which are formed as individual fibers and are each completely surrounded by a hotmelt adhesive 2 at their periphery.
  • the jacketed first glass filaments 1 are here for example predominantly arranged in parallel, but may also be
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic sectional view of a device 30 for producing a preform 50.
  • the device 30 comprises a mold 40 into which hot-melt adhesive threads 10 comprising one or more glass filaments 1 which are partially or completely surrounded by hot melt adhesive 2 at their periphery and second Glass filaments 20 were filled.
  • the hotmelt adhesive 2 By activating the hotmelt adhesive 2, the hotmelt adhesive threads 10 and second glass filaments 20 are combined to form a three-dimensional stable structure, a preform 50.
  • a stable glass filament structure was formed in a simple and cost-effective manner, which withstands high mechanical loads.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic representation of a preform sheet 60, which is formed of a plurality of superimposed and alternately arranged layers 61 and 62.
  • the preform sheet 60 here comprises three layers 61 which, for example, represent fiber fabrics, fiber fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, mats and the like, and can be produced in a conventional manner.
  • Layers 62 are disposed between the layers 61, namely preforms according to the invention which contain the hot-melt adhesive thread 10 according to the invention.
  • the hot-melt adhesive thread 10 according to the invention is present in the layer 62, or in the preform, preferably as a simple chaff which, for example, is sprinkled on a layer 61 or elsewhere distributed and arranged, so is brought into shape.
  • both the chopped hot-melt adhesive thread pieces 10 in the layer 62 as well as the layers 61 and 62 are bonded together and permanently affixed to each other.
  • a fiber composite component of a plurality of layers 61, 62 is obtained, which is characterized by very good mechanical stability and is easy and inexpensive to produce.
  • the precise metering of the chopped melt adhesive thread 10 also contributes to a significant cost savings in the production of the fiber composite component.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un fil adhésif fusible (10) comprenant au moins un premier filament de verre (1) et au moins un adhésif fusible (2), l'adhésif fusible (2) étant appliqué directement sur le premier filament de verre (1) et entourant en partie ou totalement le premier filament de verre (1) sur sa circonférence.
PCT/EP2013/000062 2013-01-10 2013-01-10 Fil adhésif fusible, préforme, élément composite en fibres et procédé de fabrication d'une préforme WO2014108140A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2013/000062 WO2014108140A1 (fr) 2013-01-10 2013-01-10 Fil adhésif fusible, préforme, élément composite en fibres et procédé de fabrication d'une préforme

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2013/000062 WO2014108140A1 (fr) 2013-01-10 2013-01-10 Fil adhésif fusible, préforme, élément composite en fibres et procédé de fabrication d'une préforme

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014108140A1 true WO2014108140A1 (fr) 2014-07-17

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PCT/EP2013/000062 WO2014108140A1 (fr) 2013-01-10 2013-01-10 Fil adhésif fusible, préforme, élément composite en fibres et procédé de fabrication d'une préforme

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992020521A1 (fr) * 1991-05-15 1992-11-26 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Mat souple preimpregne a fils coupes et a couches multiples, produits obtenus et methode de production
WO1996028258A1 (fr) * 1995-03-15 1996-09-19 Custom Composite Materials, Inc. Etoupe preimpregnee peu volumineuse flexible
WO2000058233A1 (fr) * 1999-03-30 2000-10-05 Owens Corning Liants de cordon
WO2005095080A1 (fr) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-13 Toho Tenax Europe Gmbh File impregne d'une resine epoxy et son utilisation pour la production d'une preforme

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992020521A1 (fr) * 1991-05-15 1992-11-26 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Mat souple preimpregne a fils coupes et a couches multiples, produits obtenus et methode de production
WO1996028258A1 (fr) * 1995-03-15 1996-09-19 Custom Composite Materials, Inc. Etoupe preimpregnee peu volumineuse flexible
WO2000058233A1 (fr) * 1999-03-30 2000-10-05 Owens Corning Liants de cordon
WO2005095080A1 (fr) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-13 Toho Tenax Europe Gmbh File impregne d'une resine epoxy et son utilisation pour la production d'une preforme

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CAMPBELL FLAKE C ED - CAMPBELL FLAKE C: "Manufacturing processes for advanced composites, Chapter 2 (Fibers and Reinforcements: The String That Provides the Strength)", 1 January 2004, MANUFACTURING PROCESSES FOR ADVANCED COMPOSITES, ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY, OXFORD, GB, PAGE(S) 39 - 64, ISBN: 978-1-85617-415-2, XP002635050 *

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